{"pageNumber":"4888","pageRowStart":"122175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184606,"records":[{"id":70157981,"text":"70157981 - 1986 - Geophysical and geochemical investigations of aerial radiometric anomalies in the Tabuk formation, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T16:49:03","indexId":"70157981","displayToPublicDate":"1986-08-14T18:30:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"OF-05-10, Interagency report 719","title":"Geophysical and geochemical investigations of aerial radiometric anomalies in the Tabuk formation, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>An interagency report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabian Mission for the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The work on which this report was based was performed in accordance with a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"Pitkin, J.A., Huffman, A.C., Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources, and U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission, 1986, Geophysical and geochemical investigations of aerial radiometric anomalies in the Tabuk formation, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, v, 20 p.","productDescription":"v, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              34.98046875,\n              28.22697003891834\n            ],\n            [\n              40.0341796875,\n              31.615965936476076\n            ],\n            [\n              44.9560546875,\n              25.562265014427492\n            ],\n            [\n              38.408203125,\n              22.350075806124867\n            ],\n            [\n              34.98046875,\n              28.22697003891834\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6b1e4b058f706e53cb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitkin, James A.","contributorId":96651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitkin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":574603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, A. Curtis Jr.","contributorId":50191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Curtis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":574604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","contributorId":147327,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","id":574605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","contributorId":147326,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","id":574606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70175769,"text":"70175769 - 1986 - Sampling suspended sediment in ice-covered rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:45:34","indexId":"70175769","displayToPublicDate":"1986-08-14T10:15:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sampling suspended sediment in ice-covered rivers","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","conferenceTitle":"International Northern Research Basins Symposium, 6th","conferenceDate":"January 26-30, 1986","conferenceLocation":"Michigan Technology University","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan Technology University","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J.V., 1986, Sampling suspended sediment in ice-covered rivers, International Northern Research Basins Symposium, 6th, Michigan Technology University, January 26-30, 1986, p. 105-108.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326894,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82de4e4b03fd6b7da39a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, J. V.","contributorId":32504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209665,"text":"70209665 - 1986 - Paleomagnetic evidence for the timing of collapse and resurgence of the Lake City Caldera, San Juan Mountains, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-20T17:21:17.936625","indexId":"70209665","displayToPublicDate":"1986-08-10T12:15:06","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic evidence for the timing of collapse and resurgence of the Lake City Caldera, San Juan Mountains, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rocks of the 23.1‐m.y.‐old Lake City caldera consist of the compositionally zoned Sunshine Peak Tuff, postcollapse intracaldera lava flows, and resurgent quartz syenite intrusions. Declinations of reversely magnetized (</span><i>I</i><span>&nbsp;= −45° to −75°) Sunshine Peak Tuff change from easterly (</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;= 93°–130°) throughout most of the tuff to southerly (</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;= 195°–207°) within the late eruptive phases. The postcollapse lava flows are also reversely magnetized, and their emplacement appears to have spanned resurgence of the caldera. In contrast, the uppermost levels of the resurgent intrusion record two distinct components of magnetization: a reversed component isolated by thermal demagnetization typically at temperatures greater than 400°C and a normal component defined by thermal demagnetization at lower temperatures. A baked‐contact test implies that emplacement and initial cooling of the intrusion occurred during a time of reversed polarity and that continued cooling at lower blocking temperatures took place during normal polarity. Assuming that the reversed directions of the extrusive and intrusive rocks record a single period of reversed polarity as suggested by the paleomagnetic and radiometric age data, the time for caldera development (from eruption of the ash flow tuffs to emplacement of the resurgent intrusion) was less than about 300,000 years on the basis of best estimates of durations of reversed polarities in the early Miocene. The estimated 300,000‐year time span for the development of the Lake City caldera is very close in duration to the radiometrically determined time spans of much younger (Pleistocene) calderas having similar dimensions and similar volumes of erupted material.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB09p09599","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Hudson, M., and Hon, K., 1986, Paleomagnetic evidence for the timing of collapse and resurgence of the Lake City Caldera, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B9, p. 9599-9613, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB09p09599.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"9599","endPage":"9613","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Lake City Caldera, San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.0560302734375,\n              36.99816565700228\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8477783203125,\n              36.99816565700228\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8477783203125,\n              38.762650338334154\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.0560302734375,\n              38.762650338334154\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.0560302734375,\n              36.99816565700228\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hon, Ken","contributorId":220212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hon","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70121233,"text":"70121233 - 1986 - Fecal bile acids of black-footed ferrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T11:37:29","indexId":"70121233","displayToPublicDate":"1986-08-01T11:33:10","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1854,"text":"Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fecal bile acids of black-footed ferrets","docAbstract":"Fecal bile acid characteristics have been used to identify scats to species of origin. Fecal bile acids in scats from 20 known black-footed ferrets ( Mustela nigripes ), 7 other known small carnivores, and 72 of unknown origin were analyzed to determine if this procedure could be used as a tool to verify ferret presence in an area. Seventeen ferret scats were suitable for analysis and had a mean fecal bile acid index of 156 ± 9. This was significantly different from mean indices for the other carnivores; however, substantial overlap among confidence intervals occurred for badgers, kit foxes, and especially long-tailed weasels. We conclude this method is not useful for making positive identifications if individual ferret scats and suggest that we may be able to definitively identify individual scats with reasonable confidence by using gas-liquid chromatography.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","usgsCitation":"Richardson, L., Johnson, M., Clark, T.W., and Schroder, M., 1986, Fecal bile acids of black-footed ferrets: Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, v. 8, p. 141-144.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b651e4b09d12e0e8e6bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, Louise","contributorId":9181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, M.K.","contributorId":57778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, T. W.","contributorId":100779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroder, M.H.","contributorId":73116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70237992,"text":"70237992 - 1986 - Captive-reared Aleutian Canada Geese migrate to the Marshall Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T15:42:45.52219","indexId":"70237992","displayToPublicDate":"1986-08-01T10:14:38","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":601,"text":"'Elepaio","printIssn":"0013-6069","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Captive-reared Aleutian Canada Geese migrate to the Marshall Islands","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Hawaii Audobon Society","usgsCitation":"Springer, P.F., Lee, F.B., Schipper, W.L., and Yparraguirre, D., 1986, Captive-reared Aleutian Canada Geese migrate to the Marshall Islands: 'Elepaio, v. 46, no. 14, p. 153-154.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"154","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":409093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hiaudubon.org/elepaio-volumes-41-50/"}],"country":"Marshall Islands","otherGeospatial":"Kwajalein Atoll, Roi-Namur Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              167.48289042979258,\n              9.38889182051524\n            ],\n            [\n              167.48704218998103,\n              9.391314882200959\n            ],\n            [\n              167.48756846944008,\n              9.392814864274513\n            ],\n            [\n              167.48482012114738,\n              9.398295512771\n            ],\n            [\n              167.48183787087112,\n              9.400314677187865\n            ],\n            [\n              167.48020055699527,\n              9.399507012834974\n            ],\n            [\n              167.47856324311766,\n              9.398583965551836\n            ],\n            [\n              167.47762763518887,\n              9.397660915807265\n            ],\n            [\n              167.47587337032047,\n              9.398353203346218\n            ],\n            [\n              167.47645812527657,\n              9.400718508657576\n            ],\n            [\n              167.47569794383412,\n              9.401930000239844\n            ],\n            [\n              167.4737682524792,\n              9.402333829825253\n            ],\n            [\n              167.47230636508806,\n              9.402276139912729\n            ],\n            [\n              167.47061057571676,\n              9.403083797803461\n            ],\n            [\n              167.46640034003275,\n              9.403199177347858\n            ],\n            [\n              167.4642367466962,\n              9.40181462027219\n            ],\n            [\n              167.4642367466962,\n              9.400718508657576\n            ],\n            [\n              167.46640034003275,\n              9.398930108571363\n            ],\n            [\n              167.46634186453736,\n              9.396680172757044\n            ],\n            [\n              167.46470455066145,\n              9.393507161503194\n            ],\n            [\n              167.46517235462505,\n              9.391199498694903\n            ],\n            [\n              167.4669850949889,\n              9.391776415838308\n            ],\n            [\n              167.4696749677862,\n              9.393680235593521\n            ],\n            [\n              167.47131228166376,\n              9.394545604750263\n            ],\n            [\n              167.47248179157606,\n              9.394430222321304\n            ],\n            [\n              167.47254026707157,\n              9.39235333202079\n            ],\n            [\n              167.4735343504958,\n              9.39206487404968\n            ],\n            [\n              167.48002513050892,\n              9.391084115151273\n            ],\n            [\n              167.48183787087112,\n              9.389526433546962\n            ],\n            [\n              167.48289042979258,\n              9.38889182051524\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Springer, Paul F.","contributorId":70445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":856458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Forrest B.","contributorId":91804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Forrest","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":856459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schipper, William L.","contributorId":86460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schipper","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":856460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yparraguirre, Daniel R.","contributorId":250671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yparraguirre","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70171504,"text":"70171504 - 1986 - Role of blanket deposits on the hydrology and water chemistry of the limestone water-table aquifer within the north coast of Puerto Rico through interpretation of geochemical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T16:41:03","indexId":"70171504","displayToPublicDate":"1986-08-01T07:45:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Role of blanket deposits on the hydrology and water chemistry of the limestone water-table aquifer within the north coast of Puerto Rico through interpretation of geochemical data","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Third Caribbean Islands Water-Resources Congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Third Caribbean Islands Water-Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"22-23 July 1986","conferenceLocation":"St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands","language":"English","publisher":"Puerto Rico Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"San Juan, P.R.","usgsCitation":"Roman-Mas, A., 1986, Role of blanket deposits on the hydrology and water chemistry of the limestone water-table aquifer within the north coast of Puerto Rico through interpretation of geochemical data, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Third Caribbean Islands Water-Resources Congress, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, 22-23 July 1986.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500772e4b0ee97d51bb728","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Quinones, Ferdinand","contributorId":44138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones","given":"Ferdinand","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631354,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanchez, A.V.","contributorId":94731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631355,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, H.","contributorId":48583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631356,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Roman-Mas, Angel","contributorId":59816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman-Mas","given":"Angel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014531,"text":"70014531 - 1986 - Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleolimnology of two mountain lakes in western Tasmania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-12T16:31:07.705522","indexId":"70014531","displayToPublicDate":"1986-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleolimnology of two mountain lakes in western Tasmania","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2307/3514475","usgsCitation":"Bradbury, J.P., 1986, Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleolimnology of two mountain lakes in western Tasmania: Palaios, v. 1, no. 4, p. 381-388, https://doi.org/10.2307/3514475.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"388","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","otherGeospatial":"western Tasmania","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              144.58065836485656,\n              -40.57212649654803\n            ],\n            [\n              144.58065836485656,\n              -43.67005744517252\n            ],\n            [\n              146.90805672817328,\n              -43.67005744517252\n            ],\n            [\n              146.90805672817328,\n              -40.57212649654803\n            ],\n            [\n              144.58065836485656,\n              -40.57212649654803\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a450be4b0c8380cd66fba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradbury, J. Platt","contributorId":91106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Platt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014468,"text":"70014468 - 1986 - A budget for continental growth and denudation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-26T15:45:12.620312","indexId":"70014468","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A budget for continental growth and denudation","docAbstract":"Oceanic crustal material on a global scale is re-created every 110 million years. From the data presented it is inferred that potential sialic material is formed at a rate of about 1.35 cubic kilometers per year, including hemipelagic volcanic sediments that accumulate at a rate of about 0.05 cubic kilometer per year. It is estimated that the influx of 1.65 cubic kilometers per year of terrigenous and biogenic sediment is deposited on the deep ocean, and this represents continental denudation. Because all this material is brought into a subduction zone, continental accretion rates, which could include all this material, may be as high as 3.0 cubic kilometers per year with a potential net growth for continents of 1.35 cubic kilometers per year.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.233.4762.446","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Howell, D.G., and Murray, R., 1986, A budget for continental growth and denudation: Science, v. 233, no. 4762, p. 446-449, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.233.4762.446.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"446","endPage":"449","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"233","issue":"4762","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e332e4b0c8380cd45e91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, D. G.","contributorId":52546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, R.W.","contributorId":6196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70171280,"text":"70171280 - 1986 - Estimating ground-water influx to a portion of the Rio Grande de Manati River basin in Puerto Rico through the measurement of 222Rn","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T09:19:11","indexId":"70171280","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-23T18:30:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating ground-water influx to a portion of the Rio Grande de Manati River basin in Puerto Rico through the measurement of 222Rn","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"EXLDetailsDisplayVal\"><span class=\"searchword\">Water</span>&nbsp;has become a critical commodity in the&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Caribbean</span>&nbsp;Region. In spite of a relative abundance of rainfall even on the smaller&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">islands</span>, the region is faced with severe seasonal shortages as well as increasing&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">water</span>&nbsp;quality problems. The supply of the<span class=\"searchword\">water</span>&nbsp;needs in the area will become even more critical as economic development accelerates and the population continues to increase. The development of the necessary infrastructure to supply the&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">water</span>&nbsp;needs of the next 30 years will require large capital investments. Perhaps even more important, it will require training of scientists and technicians in the investigation and management of the limited&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">water</span><span class=\"searchword\">resources</span>. The lack of trained personnel could be the most important factor in the solution of the&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">water</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">resources</span>&nbsp;problems in the region. The principal objectives of this '&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Third</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Caribbean</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Islands</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Water</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Resources</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">Congress</span>&nbsp;', were to provide a focus for the transfer of technology on hydrology and&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">water</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"searchword\">resources</span>&nbsp;investigations in the region. The severe quality problems that affect water supplies in the U.S. Virgin Islands are the subject of two papers. The importance of a reliable data base on water use in small islands is considered in a paper on water use in St. Croix. Advanced techniques are discussed on how to measure groundwater contributions to runoff, use of geochemical techniques for interpretation of water quality characteristics, use of dye tracers in karst areas, simulation of small island 's aquifers, and use of borehole geophysical tools to estimate moisture. The contamination of groundwater resources is discussed in several papers focusing on monitoring, sludge management, and environmental assessment. (See W89-04666 thru W89-04682) (Lantz-PTT)</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Third Caribbean Islands Water-Resources Congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Third Caribbean Islands Water-Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"July 22-25, 1986","conferenceLocation":"U.S. Virgin Islands","language":"English","publisher":"Puerto Rico Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"San Juan, P.R","usgsCitation":"Ellins, K.K., Roman-Mas, A., and Lee, R.W., 1986, Estimating ground-water influx to a portion of the Rio Grande de Manati River basin in Puerto Rico through the measurement of 222Rn, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Third Caribbean Islands Water-Resources Congress, U.S. Virgin Islands, July 22-25, 1986.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e30e4b07e28b664dba2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Quinones, Ferdinand","contributorId":44138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones","given":"Ferdinand","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631638,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanchez, A.V.","contributorId":94731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631639,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, H.","contributorId":48583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631640,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Ellins, K. Kelly","contributorId":32681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellins","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kelly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman-Mas, Angel","contributorId":59816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman-Mas","given":"Angel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014715,"text":"70014715 - 1986 - Voyager 2 in the Uranian system: Imaging science results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-26T15:51:31.166902","indexId":"70014715","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Voyager 2 in the Uranian system: Imaging science results","docAbstract":"<p><span>Voyager 2 images of the southern hemisphere of Uranus indicate that submicrometersize haze particles and particles of a methane condensation cloud produce faint patterns in the atmosphere. The alignment of the cloud bands is similar to that of bands on Jupiter and Saturn, but the zonal winds are nearly opposite. At mid-latitudes (-70° to -27°), where winds were measured, the atmosphere rotates faster than the magnetic field; however, the rotation rate of the atmosphere decreases toward the equator, so that the two probably corotate at about -20°. Voyager images confirm the extremely low albedo of the ring particles. High phase angle images reveal on the order of 10</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;new ringlike features of very low optical depth and relatively high dust abundance interspersed within the main rings, as well as a broad, diffuse, low optical depth ring just inside the main ring system. Nine of the newly discovered small satellites (40 to 165 kilometers in diameter) orbit between the rings and Miranda; the tenth is within the ring system. Two of these small objects may gravitationally confine the ε ring. Oberon and Umbriel have heavily cratered surfaces resembling the ancient cratered highlands of Earth's moon, although Umbriel is almost completely covered with uniform dark material, which perhaps indicates some ongoing process. Titania and Ariel show crater populations different from those on Oberon and Umbriel; these were probably generated by collisions with debris confined to their orbits. Titania and Ariel also show many extensional fault systems; Ariel shows strong evidence for the presence of extrusive material. About half of Miranda's surface is relatively bland, old, cratered terrain. The remainder comprises three large regions of younger terrain, each rectangular to ovoid in plan, that display complex sets of parallel and intersecting scarps and ridges as well as numerous outcrops of bright and dark materials, perhaps suggesting some exotic composition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.233.4759.43","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Smith, B., Soderblom, L., Beebe, R., Bliss, D., Boyce, J.M., Brahic, A., Briggs, G., Brown, R.H., Collins, S., Cook, A., Croft, S., Cuzzi, J., Danielson, G., Davies, M.E., Dowling, T., Godfrey, D., Hansen, C., Harris, M., Hunt, G., Ingersoll, A., Johnson, T.V., Krauss, R., Masursky, H., Morrison, D., Owen, T., Plescia, J.B., Pollack, J.B., Porco, C., Rages, K., Sagan, C., Shoemaker, E., Sromovsky, L., Stoker, C., Strom, R., Suomi, V., Synnott, S., Terrile, R., Thomas, P., Thompson, W., and Veverka, J., 1986, Voyager 2 in the Uranian system: Imaging science results: Science, v. 233, no. 4759, p. 43-64, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.233.4759.43.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ariel, Miranda, Oberon, Titania, Umbriel, Uranus","volume":"233","issue":"4759","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc371e4b08c986b32b1a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, B.A.","contributorId":17616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beebe, R.","contributorId":91627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beebe","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bliss, D.","contributorId":39532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyce, J. M.","contributorId":85952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brahic, A.","contributorId":53539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brahic","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Briggs, G.A.","contributorId":34242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Collins, S.A.","contributorId":63947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cook, A.F. II","contributorId":95184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"A.F.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Croft, S.K.","contributorId":29519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croft","given":"S.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cuzzi, J.N.","contributorId":53962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuzzi","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Danielson, G. E.","contributorId":51890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danielson","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Davies, M. E.","contributorId":26050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Dowling, T.E.","contributorId":38935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowling","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Godfrey, D.","contributorId":78483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godfrey","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Hansen, C.J.","contributorId":72530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Harris, M. Camille","contributorId":96427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"M. Camille","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Hunt, G.E.","contributorId":68318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Ingersoll, A.P.","contributorId":54735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Johnson, T. V.","contributorId":79619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Krauss, R.J.","contributorId":67669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Masursky, H.","contributorId":33823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masursky","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Morrison, D.","contributorId":98015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Owen, Tobias","contributorId":103788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"Tobias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Plescia, J. B.","contributorId":15689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plescia","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Pollack, James B.","contributorId":12616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollack","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Porco, C.C.","contributorId":43920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porco","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Rages, K.","contributorId":28019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rages","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Sagan, C.","contributorId":42336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sagan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Shoemaker, E.M.","contributorId":81499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Sromovsky, L.A.","contributorId":66860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sromovsky","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Stoker, C.","contributorId":24105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Strom, R.G.","contributorId":45744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Suomi, V.E.","contributorId":68869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suomi","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Synnott, S.P.","contributorId":20474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Synnott","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Terrile, R.J.","contributorId":27194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrile","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Thomas, P.","contributorId":59185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Thompson, W.R.","contributorId":16170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Veverka, J.","contributorId":71689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veverka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40}]}}
,{"id":1014048,"text":"1014048 - 1986 - Marking fingerling striped bass and blue tilapia with coded wire tags and microtaggants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T16:28:53.316988","indexId":"1014048","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marking fingerling striped bass and blue tilapia with coded wire tags and microtaggants","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fingerling striped bass (<i>Morone saxatilis</i>) of two year classes were tagged in four body locations with coded wire tags and on two locations with Microtaggants (laminated plastic particles containing layers of fluorescent and magnetic material). Retention of coded wire tags ranged from 33% for tags in the nose to 100% for tags in the cephalic portion of the adductor mandibularis (a small muscle located below the eye). Twenty percent of the fish tagged with Microtaggants in 1982 retained tags after 471 d; 98% of the ones tagged in 1983 retained Microtaggants after 270 d. Fingerling blue tilapias (<i>Tilapia aurea</i>) were tagged on the body with Microtaggant particles and in the nose and epaxial muscle with coded wire tags. After 328 d, retention was 11% for Microtaggants. Coded wire tag retention was 93% for tags in the nose, 94% for tags in the epaxial muscle anterior to the dorsal fin, and 88% for tags in the muscle posterior to the dorsal fin. For striped bass, implantation of coded wire tags in the adductor mandibularis is recommended for long-term tag retention. Implantation of coded wire tags in the nose is recommended for blue tilapia for long-term retention. Microtaggants are not recommended for long-term tagging of either species, but are appropriate for short-term studies of 1 year or less.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1986)6<439:MFSBAB>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Klar, G.T., and Parker, N., 1986, Marking fingerling striped bass and blue tilapia with coded wire tags and microtaggants: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 6, no. 3, p. 439-444, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)6<439:MFSBAB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"444","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131357,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ecdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klar, G. T.","contributorId":10744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klar","given":"G.","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70121097,"text":"70121097 - 1986 - Changing landscapes and the cosmopolitism of the eastern Colorado avifauna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T14:24:48","indexId":"70121097","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T13:59:05","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing landscapes and the cosmopolitism of the eastern Colorado avifauna","docAbstract":"<p>The avifauna of continental North America has changed dramatically since colonial times.  Excessive hunting contributed, at least in part, to the extinction of birds such as the great auk (<i>Pinguinus impennis</i>) and passenger pigeon (<i>Ectopistes migratorius</i>), while more recently organochlorine insecticide residues have resulted in drastic reductions in numbers of brown pelicans (<i>Pelecanus occidentalis</i>) (Anderson et al. 1975) and other species.  Generally, however, vertebrate populations change in direct response to changes in their habitats.  For example, herring gulls (<i>Larus argentatus</i>) have increased in numners (Kadlec and Drury 1968) with urbanization of the New England coastline, in the same locations formerly occupied by the extinct heath hen (<i>Tympanuchus cupido cupido</i>).  Also, passerine birds of forest interiors have declined in numbers with fragmentation of the eastern deciduous forest into small stands; this fragmentation has led to increases in numbers of edge species (Robbins 1979, Ambuel and Temple 1983).  Even subtle community shifts can introduce new competitive processes that can augment population changes among species (Brittingham and Temple 1983).  Such studies of broad-scale changes in vegetative communities and their influence on native wildlife species have fostered the recent topical emphasis on \"conservation biology\" (Soule and Wilcox 1980, Soule 1985) and \"landscape ecology\" (Burgess and Sharpe 1981, Harris 1984:25-43).  As changes in landscapes are causing subtle (but potentially dramatic) changes in the distribution of native species, conservation biologists are finding that mere presence-absence data on populations, or even accurate information on reproductive success, is inadequate to evaluate management activities or environmental perturbations.  The principles of \"conservation genetics\" are attracting interest in the management of natural preserves especially (Schonewald-Cox et al. 1983).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Changing patterns in landscape complexion or genetic makeup of a population are difficult to detect locally.  Contemporary issues in the conservation of native species demand regional and continental perspectives (Samson and Knopf 1982).  Thus, management activities at specific sites are often viewed as short-sighted by planners and conservation critics.  This paper illustrates how these contemporary theories can influence a local conservation perspective.  That perspective is developed around historical processes that have led to cosmopolitism of the local avifauna on the Colorado Division of Wildlife's South Platte Wildlife Management Area (SPWMA) near Crook, Colorado.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Knopf, F., 1986, Changing landscapes and the cosmopolitism of the eastern Colorado avifauna: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 14, no. 2, p. 132-142.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464c9e4b073ff773a7cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":30549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222113,"text":"5222113 - 1986 - Population trends, reproductive success, and organochlorine chemical contaminants in waterbirds nesting in Galveston Bay, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T15:53:47.099136","indexId":"5222113","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population trends, reproductive success, and organochlorine chemical contaminants in waterbirds nesting in Galveston Bay, Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effects of environmental contaminants on the reproductive success of olivaceous cormorants (</span><i>Phalacrocorax olivaceus</i><span>), laughing gulls (</span><i>Larus atricilla</i><span>), and black skimmers (</span><i>Rhynchops niger</i><span>) nesting in Galveston Bay, Texas were investigated from 1980 through 1982. Populations of cormorants and gulls have remained stable in recent years, but skimmer numbers may have declined. Cormorants produced 1.9 to 2.8 young per pair in nests that remained active throughout the season. Gull and skimmer reproduction was seriously limited by storms and predation. DDE and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues in carcasses and eggs generally were below levels associated with chronic poisoning and reproductive problems in most species of birds. Possible exceptions were four black skimmer carcasses with DDE concentrations that ranged from 20 to 92</span><i>Μ</i><span>g/g and one olivaceous cormorant carcass with 20</span><i>Μ</i><span>g/g DDE. The generally low levels of dieldrin, chlordane, HCB, toxaphene, and heptachlor epoxide were below those know to affect avian reproduction and survival. Mean DDE residues in cormorant and gull eggs were less than 1.8</span><i>Μ</i><span>g/g. The mean DDE residue in skimmer eggs was less than 3.3</span><i>Μ</i><span>g/g; 12% of the skimmer eggs contained at least 12</span><i>Μ</i><span>g/g DDE, a level known to cause reproductive problems in some avian species. DDE in the eggs of all species declined from 1.5- to 7-fold over the past decade. Polychlorinated biphenyl was detected in all gull and skimmer eggs and in 90% of the cormorant eggs. Residues of PCB in cormorant and skimmer eggs in 1980–82 were lower than in 1970, but the frequency of occurrence in gull eggs increased. Polychlorinated styrenes were recovered in 45% of the cormorant carcasses at levels below 1</span><i>Μ</i><span>g/g. Eggshell thicknesses in all three species were similar to those of eggshells collected before the widespread use of DDT.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01066403","usgsCitation":"King, K.A., and Krynitsky, A.J., 1986, Population trends, reproductive success, and organochlorine chemical contaminants in waterbirds nesting in Galveston Bay, Texas: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 15, no. 4, p. 367-376, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01066403.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Galveston Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.02724958266313,\n              29.679538230799906\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.02278591098704,\n              29.526248041903656\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.92542207255765,\n              29.486806789489957\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.89794259380346,\n              29.399072787767658\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.90317345904859,\n              29.343539397034448\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.89054963759038,\n              29.28411499891957\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.78397947633034,\n              29.35617409530252\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.47710204861652,\n              29.539833965542783\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.54977620308881,\n              29.573761550427687\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.75189683615997,\n              29.53585615485749\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.68731308660004,\n              29.660973754728264\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.70307542720565,\n              29.793848926246582\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.02724958266313,\n              29.679538230799906\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e3bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Kirke A.","contributorId":17727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Kirke","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krynitsky, Alexander J.","contributorId":81542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70226791,"text":"70226791 - 1986 - Hydrogeochemistry of sulfide and arsenic-rich tailings and alluvium along Whitewood Creek, South Dakota (Part 1 of 3 parts)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-13T17:55:09.273661","indexId":"70226791","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T11:43:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9948,"text":"Mineral & Energy Resources","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeochemistry of sulfide and arsenic-rich tailings and alluvium along Whitewood Creek, South Dakota (Part 1 of 3 parts)","docAbstract":"<p><span>During 100 years prior to 1977, Whitewood Creek, SD, received about 1 billion tons of arsenic-rich and sulfide-mineral rich tailings from gold mining operations. A hydrogeochemical investigation conducted in 1983-84 focused on four local study areas on the flood plain where tailings deposits exist on top of moderately permeable alluvium. Piezometers in the alluvium beneath the tailings commonly show As at concentrations near or above the Primary Drinking Water Limit of 0.05 mg/l. Water supply wells on the flood plain are situated in alluvium in areas away from tailings where As levels in groundwater are below this limit. In these wells, selenium levels are generally above the limit of 0.01 mg/l. Suggested remedial measures and the likely persistence of these contaminants are discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Morel, F.M., Rouse, J., Schnoor, J., Wolman, M., and Cherry, J.A., 1986, Hydrogeochemistry of sulfide and arsenic-rich tailings and alluvium along Whitewood Creek, South Dakota (Part 1 of 3 parts): Mineral & Energy Resources, v. 29, no. 4, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Whitwood Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.76449584960936,\n              44.32090063316461\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.63540649414062,\n              44.42936692430193\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.54133605957031,\n              44.5435052132082\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.45756530761719,\n              44.642276976185016\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.5406494140625,\n              44.66474608911831\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.68827819824219,\n              44.492097148347945\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.77548217773438,\n              44.35822392333254\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.77822875976562,\n              44.33416294407879\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.76449584960936,\n              44.32090063316461\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morel, F. M. M.","contributorId":270011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morel","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rouse, J.","contributorId":99398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rouse","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schnoor, J. L.","contributorId":92095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoor","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolman, M. G.","contributorId":39789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolman","given":"M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherry, J. A.","contributorId":24880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70121372,"text":"70121372 - 1986 - An assessment of ground-nest depredation in a catastrophically disturbed region, Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T10:21:50","indexId":"70121372","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T11:01:05","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of ground-nest depredation in a catastrophically disturbed region, Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>The explosive eruption of the Mount St. Helens volcano on 18 May 1980 severely affected a large ar- ray of plant and animal populations (Edwards and Schwartz 1981, MacMahon 1982, Wissmar et al. 1982) over a vast area (&gt;600 kM2) (Fig. 1). Volcanic eruptions are relatively common agents of large-scale biotic disturbance, yet few studies have addressed either short- or long-term effects on avian populations (see Hayward et al. 1982 for entry on pre-1980 literature). We present data gathered during 1980- 1984 on relative abundances of birds in disturbed areas near Mount St. Helens. These data indicate that a ground-nesting species was numerically dominant in the early posteruption avifauna. We also test the null hypothesis that predation rates on ground nests were unaltered by the eruption. We assumed that the breeding abundance of ground-nesting species is affected significantly by nesting success in previous years (Duebbert and Lokemoen 1980) and speculated whether dramatic changes in ground-nest predation rate might have occurred as a result of the eruption.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., and MacMahon, J.A., 1986, An assessment of ground-nest depredation in a catastrophically disturbed region, Mount St. Helens, Washington: The Auk, v. 103, no. 3, p. 622-626.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"622","endPage":"626","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":341251,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4087140"},{"id":292760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.25843,46.160295 ], [ -122.25843,46.222088 ], [ -122.13037,46.222088 ], [ -122.13037,46.160295 ], [ -122.25843,46.160295 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707cee4b05ec1f2431b64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, Douglas C. doug_andersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Douglas C.","email":"doug_andersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacMahon, James A.","contributorId":9581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacMahon","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70073660,"text":"70073660 - 1986 - Recent developments in hydrologic instrumentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T10:19:51","indexId":"70073660","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T10:14:03","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"seriesTitle":{"id":427,"text":"American Water Resources Association Technical Publication Series","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":12}},"seriesNumber":"86-1","title":"Recent developments in hydrologic instrumentation","docAbstract":"The programs of the U.S. Geological Survey require instrumentation for collecting and monitoring hydrologic data in cold regions. The availability of space-age materials and implementation of modern electronics and mechanics is making possible the recent developments of hydrologic instrumentation, especially in the area of measuring streamflow under ice cover. Material developments include: synthetic-fiber sounding and tag lines; polymer (plastic) sheaves, pulleys, and sampler components; and polymer (plastic) current-meter bucket wheels. Electronic and mechanical developments include: a current-meter digitizer; a fiber-optic closure system for current-meters; non-contact water-level sensors; an adaptable hydrologic data acquisition system; a minimum data recorder; an ice rod; an ice foot; a handled sediment sampler; a light weight ice auger with improved cutter head and blades; and an ice chisel.","largerWorkTitle":"Symposium: Cold Regions Hydrology","conferenceTitle":"Cold Regions Hydrology","conferenceDate":"1986-07-22T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Latkovich, V.J., and Futrell, J.C., 1986, Recent developments in hydrologic instrumentation: American Water Resources Association Technical Publication Series 86-1, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281308,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6f4ee4b0b29085106552","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kane, Douglas L.","contributorId":112099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509745,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Latkovich, Vito J.","contributorId":84833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latkovich","given":"Vito","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Futrell, James C. II","contributorId":94971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futrell","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222100,"text":"5222100 - 1986 - [Book review]  Bobwhites in the Rio Grande Plain of Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-15T15:50:59.874172","indexId":"5222100","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review]  Bobwhites in the Rio Grande Plain of Texas","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801116","usgsCitation":"Perry, M.C., 1986, [Book review]  Bobwhites in the Rio Grande Plain of Texas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 3, p. 521-522, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801116.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"522","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487086,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3801116","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":197641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Plain","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.276425,26.521729],[-97.31073,26.556558],[-97.345822,26.700589],[-97.370438,26.723896],[-97.368343,26.795649],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.390078,27.156512],[-97.359963,27.304732],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-97.317277,27.46369],[-97.236882,27.598293],[-97.231383,27.632336],[-97.214099,27.631551],[-97.200743,27.650144],[-97.203474,27.684533],[-97.103326,27.789068],[-97.098874,27.82285],[-97.134489,27.825206],[-97.056713,27.842294],[-96.985745,27.954048],[-96.967807,28.020041],[-96.952618,28.01644],[-96.906004,28.076147],[-96.886233,28.084396],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.84538,28.108881],[-96.83003,28.111842],[-96.81042,28.126034],[-96.816443,28.174808],[-96.791958,28.188687],[-96.703838,28.198246],[-96.702659,28.211208],[-96.662462,28.227314],[-96.651856,28.251275],[-96.592934,28.296972],[-96.450998,28.337039],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.397846,28.343513],[-96.4137,28.327343],[-96.547774,28.270798],[-96.694666,28.18212],[-96.849624,28.064939],[-96.966996,27.950531],[-97.166682,27.676583],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.350398,27.268105],[-97.370941,27.161166],[-97.37913,27.047996],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.333028,26.736479],[-97.194644,26.306513],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.169842,26.077853],[-97.194458,26.27164],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-94.886539,29.510724],[-94.894747,29.52697],[-94.87675,29.507922],[-94.886539,29.510724]]],[[[-97.868235,26.056656],[-97.88653,26.066339],[-97.967358,26.051718],[-97.981335,26.067182],[-98.028759,26.06647],[-98.039239,26.041275],[-98.070021,26.047992],[-98.084755,26.070808],[-98.091038,26.059169],[-98.105505,26.067537],[-98.146622,26.049412],[-98.177897,26.074672],[-98.197046,26.056153],[-98.220673,26.076467],[-98.248806,26.073101],[-98.264514,26.085507],[-98.277218,26.098802],[-98.265698,26.12037],[-98.296195,26.120321],[-98.302979,26.11005],[-98.323828,26.121249],[-98.336837,26.166432],[-98.354645,26.15304],[-98.386694,26.157872],[-98.404433,26.182564],[-98.442536,26.199151],[-98.450976,26.219904],[-98.496684,26.212853],[-98.543852,26.234492],[-98.576188,26.235221],[-98.599154,26.257612],[-98.669397,26.23632],[-98.681167,26.26271],[-98.745272,26.303096],[-98.755242,26.3251],[-98.789822,26.331575],[-98.807348,26.369421],[-98.890965,26.357569],[-98.921277,26.381426],[-98.950186,26.380303],[-98.967587,26.398266],[-99.008003,26.395459],[-99.032316,26.412082],[-99.082002,26.39651],[-99.110855,26.426278],[-99.091635,26.476977],[-99.127782,26.525199],[-99.166742,26.536079],[-99.178064,26.620547],[-99.209948,26.693938],[-99.208907,26.724761],[-99.240023,26.745851],[-99.242444,26.788262],[-99.268613,26.843213],[-99.295146,26.86544],[-99.316753,26.865831],[-99.3289,26.879761],[-99.324684,26.915973],[-99.379149,26.93449],[-99.393748,26.96073],[-99.377312,26.973819],[-99.415476,27.01724],[-99.42938,27.010833],[-99.446524,27.023008],[-99.452316,27.062669],[-99.429209,27.090982],[-99.442123,27.106839],[-99.426348,27.176262],[-99.441549,27.24992],[-99.463309,27.268437],[-99.492407,27.264118],[-99.494604,27.303542],[-99.536443,27.312538],[-99.504837,27.338289],[-99.487521,27.412396],[-99.495104,27.451518],[-99.480419,27.481596],[-99.497519,27.500496],[-99.52582,27.496696],[-99.515978,27.572131],[-99.55495,27.614454],[-99.580006,27.602251],[-99.578099,27.619196],[-99.594038,27.638573],[-99.638929,27.626758],[-99.665948,27.635968],[-99.668942,27.659974],[-99.711511,27.658365],[-99.77074,27.732134],[-99.796342,27.735586],[-99.813086,27.773952],[-99.835127,27.762881],[-99.850877,27.793974],[-99.877677,27.799427],[-99.876003,27.837968],[-99.904385,27.875284],[-99.895828,27.904178],[-99.937142,27.940537],[-99.931812,27.980967],[-99.991447,27.99456],[-100.017914,28.064787],[-100.053123,28.08473],[-100.083393,28.144035],[-100.208059,28.190383],[-100.22363,28.235224],[-100.2462,28.234092],[-100.289384,28.273491],[-100.286471,28.312296],[-100.341869,28.384953],[-100.349586,28.402604],[-100.337797,28.44296],[-100.368288,28.477196],[-100.333814,28.499252],[-100.38886,28.515748],[-100.411414,28.551899],[-100.398385,28.584884],[-100.44732,28.609325],[-100.445529,28.637144],[-100.495863,28.658569],[-100.510055,28.690723],[-100.507613,28.740599],[-100.533017,28.76328],[-100.53583,28.805888],[-100.547324,28.825817],[-100.57051,28.826317],[-100.602054,28.901944],[-100.640568,28.914212],[-100.651512,28.943432],[-100.645894,28.986421],[-100.674656,29.099777],[-100.772649,29.168492],[-100.767059,29.195287],[-100.785521,29.228137],[-100.795681,29.22773],[-100.797671,29.246943],[-100.876049,29.279585],[-100.886842,29.307848],[-100.948972,29.347246],[-101.004207,29.364772],[-101.060151,29.458661],[-101.151877,29.477005],[-101.173821,29.514566],[-101.254895,29.520342],[-101.242023,29.592512],[-101.259127,29.607284],[-101.307332,29.587847],[-101.311219,29.648491],[-101.361756,29.657821],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-101.441059,29.753451],[-101.475269,29.780663],[-101.522695,29.759671],[-101.546797,29.796991],[-101.582562,29.771334],[-101.625958,29.771063],[-101.646418,29.754304],[-101.662453,29.77128],[-101.706636,29.762737],[-101.852604,29.801895],[-101.922585,29.790161],[-101.974548,29.810276],[-101.987539,29.801057],[-102.034759,29.804028],[-102.050044,29.78507],[-102.115682,29.79239],[-102.159601,29.814356],[-102.181894,29.846034],[-102.227553,29.843534],[-102.315389,29.87992],[-102.364542,29.845387],[-102.386678,29.76688],[-102.508313,29.783219],[-102.513381,29.76576],[-102.539417,29.751629],[-102.559343,29.760377],[-102.630151,29.734315],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.698347,29.695591],[-102.693466,29.676507],[-102.742031,29.632142],[-102.739991,29.599041],[-102.768341,29.594734],[-102.771429,29.548546],[-102.808692,29.522319],[-102.807327,29.494009],[-102.832539,29.433109],[-102.824564,29.399558],[-102.843021,29.357988],[-102.879534,29.353327],[-102.888328,29.291947],[-102.906296,29.260011],[-102.871347,29.241625],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-102.890064,29.208814],[-102.915866,29.215878],[-102.917805,29.190697],[-102.944911,29.18882],[-102.953475,29.176308],[-102.989432,29.183174],[-103.015028,29.12577],[-103.035683,29.103029],[-103.074407,29.088534],[-103.100266,29.0577],[-103.113922,28.988547],[-103.156646,28.972831],[-103.227801,28.991532],[-103.239109,28.981651],[-103.260308,28.989731],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-103.341463,29.041224],[-103.355428,29.021529],[-103.427754,29.042334],[-103.471265,29.073115],[-103.503236,29.11911],[-103.524613,29.120998],[-103.523384,29.133389],[-103.558679,29.154962],[-103.645635,29.159286],[-103.71377,29.185008],[-103.816642,29.270927],[-103.975235,29.296017],[-104.038282,29.320156],[-104.106467,29.373127],[-104.166563,29.399352],[-104.233487,29.492734],[-104.318074,29.527938],[-104.334811,29.519463],[-104.381041,29.543406],[-104.399591,29.572319],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.539761,29.676074],[-104.565688,29.770462],[-104.679772,29.924659],[-104.679661,29.975272],[-104.706874,30.050685],[-104.685003,30.085643],[-104.695366,30.13213],[-104.687296,30.179464],[-104.713166,30.237957],[-104.733822,30.261221],[-104.749664,30.26126],[-104.761634,30.301148],[-104.809794,30.334926],[-104.824314,30.370466],[-104.859521,30.390413],[-104.85242,30.418792],[-104.876787,30.511004],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-104.967167,30.608107],[-105.002057,30.680972],[-105.062334,30.686303],[-105.113816,30.746001],[-105.152362,30.751452],[-105.195144,30.792138],[-105.255416,30.797029],[-105.287238,30.822206],[-105.314863,30.816961],[-105.360672,30.847384],[-105.394242,30.852979],[-105.399609,30.888941],[-105.533088,30.984859],[-105.55743,30.990229],[-105.60333,31.082625],[-105.64189,31.098322],[-105.646731,31.113908],[-105.709491,31.136375],[-105.742678,31.164897],[-105.773257,31.166897],[-105.779725,31.191283],[-105.869353,31.288634],[-105.938452,31.318735],[-105.953943,31.364749],[-106.004926,31.392458],[-106.080258,31.398702],[-106.203969,31.465378],[-106.246203,31.541153],[-106.280811,31.562062],[-106.303536,31.620413],[-106.378039,31.72831],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-106.484642,31.747809],[-106.542097,31.802146],[-106.602727,31.825024],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.645296,31.894859],[-106.614346,31.918003],[-106.623933,31.925335],[-106.614702,31.956],[-106.622819,31.952891],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.638186,31.97682],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-100.003762,36.499699],[-100.000381,34.560509],[-99.929334,34.576714],[-99.825325,34.497596],[-99.754248,34.421289],[-99.696462,34.381036],[-99.665992,34.374185],[-99.600026,34.374688],[-99.569696,34.418418],[-99.499875,34.409608],[-99.430995,34.373414],[-99.399603,34.375079],[-99.394956,34.442099],[-99.381011,34.456936],[-99.358795,34.455863],[-99.318363,34.408296],[-99.289922,34.414731],[-99.264167,34.405149],[-99.25898,34.391243],[-99.273958,34.38756],[-99.242945,34.372668],[-99.233274,34.344101],[-99.210716,34.336304],[-99.211648,34.292232],[-99.19457,34.272424],[-99.189511,34.214312],[-99.159016,34.20888],[-99.130609,34.219408],[-99.126567,34.203004],[-99.079535,34.211518],[-99.048792,34.198209],[-99.013075,34.203222],[-98.990852,34.221633],[-98.974132,34.203566],[-98.952513,34.21265],[-98.909349,34.177499],[-98.872922,34.166584],[-98.868116,34.149635],[-98.8579,34.159627],[-98.812954,34.158444],[-98.749291,34.124238],[-98.735471,34.135208],[-98.696518,34.133521],[-98.648073,34.164441],[-98.603978,34.160249],[-98.577136,34.148962],[-98.486328,34.062598],[-98.414426,34.085074],[-98.384381,34.146317],[-98.367494,34.156191],[-98.16912,34.114171],[-98.114506,34.154727],[-98.09066,34.12198],[-98.120208,34.072127],[-98.099096,34.048639],[-98.104022,34.036233],[-98.088203,34.005481],[-98.027672,33.993357],[-97.978243,34.005387],[-97.947572,33.991053],[-97.974173,33.942832],[-97.955511,33.938186],[-97.957155,33.914454],[-97.983552,33.904002],[-97.967777,33.88243],[-97.877387,33.850236],[-97.834333,33.857671],[-97.784657,33.890632],[-97.783717,33.91056],[-97.76377,33.914241],[-97.762768,33.934396],[-97.725289,33.941045],[-97.69311,33.983699],[-97.671772,33.99137],[-97.589598,33.953554],[-97.589254,33.903922],[-97.551541,33.897947],[-97.50096,33.919643],[-97.460376,33.903948],[-97.451469,33.87093],[-97.462857,33.841772],[-97.426493,33.819398],[-97.365507,33.823763],[-97.33294,33.87444],[-97.315913,33.865838],[-97.299245,33.880175],[-97.256625,33.863286],[-97.24618,33.900344],[-97.210921,33.916064],[-97.179609,33.89225],[-97.166629,33.847311],[-97.203514,33.821825],[-97.205431,33.801488],[-97.172192,33.737545],[-97.126102,33.716941],[-97.086195,33.743933],[-97.087999,33.808747],[-97.058623,33.818752],[-97.052209,33.841737],[-97.023899,33.844213],[-96.985567,33.886522],[-96.996183,33.941728],[-96.979415,33.956178],[-96.973807,33.935697],[-96.9163,33.957798],[-96.875281,33.860505],[-96.85609,33.84749],[-96.837413,33.871349],[-96.794276,33.868886],[-96.761588,33.824406],[-96.704457,33.835021],[-96.667187,33.91694],[-96.630117,33.895422],[-96.592948,33.895616],[-96.590112,33.880665],[-96.625399,33.856542],[-96.623155,33.841483],[-96.572937,33.819098],[-96.523863,33.818114],[-96.502286,33.77346],[-96.422643,33.776041],[-96.348306,33.686379],[-96.309964,33.710489],[-96.294867,33.764771],[-96.277269,33.769735],[-96.220521,33.74739],[-96.178059,33.760518],[-96.162757,33.788769],[-96.178964,33.810553],[-96.150765,33.816987],[-96.15163,33.831946],[-96.138905,33.839159],[-96.09936,33.83047],[-96.101349,33.845721],[-96.005296,33.845505],[-95.991487,33.866869],[-95.951609,33.857017],[-95.936132,33.886826],[-95.831948,33.835161],[-95.821666,33.856633],[-95.805149,33.861304],[-95.776255,33.845145],[-95.75431,33.853992],[-95.761916,33.883402],[-95.747335,33.895756],[-95.696962,33.885218],[-95.669978,33.905844],[-95.636978,33.906613],[-95.599678,33.934247],[-95.556915,33.92702],[-95.545197,33.880294],[-95.515302,33.891142],[-95.492028,33.874822],[-95.461499,33.883686],[-95.464211,33.873372],[-95.44737,33.86885],[-95.339122,33.868873],[-95.334523,33.885788],[-95.283445,33.877746],[-95.280351,33.896751],[-95.255747,33.902939],[-95.252906,33.933648],[-95.219358,33.961567],[-95.121184,33.931307],[-95.093929,33.895963],[-95.061065,33.895292],[-95.049025,33.86409],[-95.008376,33.866089],[-94.983303,33.851354],[-94.976208,33.859847],[-94.948716,33.818023],[-94.91945,33.810176],[-94.919614,33.786305],[-94.879218,33.764912],[-94.8693,33.745871],[-94.830804,33.740068],[-94.817427,33.752172],[-94.798634,33.744527],[-94.775064,33.755038],[-94.762961,33.731787],[-94.742576,33.727009],[-94.732384,33.700254],[-94.714865,33.707261],[-94.710725,33.691654],[-94.684792,33.684353],[-94.659167,33.692138],[-94.646113,33.6693],[-94.57962,33.677623],[-94.520725,33.616567],[-94.491503,33.625115],[-94.485875,33.637867],[-94.448637,33.642766],[-94.468086,33.599436],[-94.430039,33.591124],[-94.413155,33.569368],[-94.378076,33.577019],[-94.397398,33.562314],[-94.389515,33.546778],[-94.355945,33.54318],[-94.345513,33.567313],[-94.309582,33.551673],[-94.289129,33.582144],[-94.280849,33.577187],[-94.290901,33.558872],[-94.27909,33.557026],[-94.245932,33.589114],[-94.237975,33.577757],[-94.250197,33.556765],[-94.226392,33.552912],[-94.205634,33.567229],[-94.193248,33.556154],[-94.192483,33.570425],[-94.217408,33.57926],[-94.183913,33.594682],[-94.152626,33.575923],[-94.146048,33.581975],[-94.14852,33.565678],[-94.136864,33.571],[-94.128658,33.550952],[-94.088943,33.575322],[-94.061283,33.568805],[-94.055663,33.561887],[-94.073744,33.558285],[-94.06548,33.550909],[-94.04604,33.551321],[-94.04272,31.999265],[-94.018664,31.990843],[-93.971712,31.920384],[-93.923929,31.88985],[-93.904766,31.890599],[-93.874761,31.821661],[-93.827451,31.777741],[-93.830647,31.745811],[-93.802694,31.697783],[-93.826462,31.666919],[-93.816838,31.622509],[-93.838057,31.606795],[-93.834924,31.586211],[-93.798087,31.534044],[-93.743376,31.525196],[-93.725925,31.504092],[-93.74987,31.475276],[-93.70093,31.437784],[-93.704879,31.410881],[-93.674117,31.397681],[-93.665052,31.363886],[-93.687851,31.309835],[-93.642516,31.269508],[-93.620343,31.271025],[-93.598828,31.174679],[-93.588503,31.165581],[-93.535097,31.185614],[-93.551693,31.097258],[-93.52301,31.065241],[-93.516943,31.032584],[-93.539526,31.008498],[-93.566017,31.004567],[-93.571906,30.987614],[-93.526245,30.939411],[-93.567788,30.888302],[-93.554057,30.824941],[-93.561666,30.807739],[-93.584265,30.796663],[-93.592828,30.763986],[-93.619129,30.742002],[-93.611192,30.718053],[-93.629904,30.67994],[-93.6831,30.640763],[-93.684329,30.592586],[-93.727844,30.57407],[-93.729195,30.544842],[-93.740253,30.539569],[-93.714322,30.518562],[-93.697828,30.443838],[-93.757654,30.390423],[-93.765822,30.333318],[-93.708645,30.288317],[-93.705083,30.242752],[-93.720946,30.209852],[-93.688212,30.141376],[-93.701252,30.137376],[-93.702436,30.112721],[-93.732485,30.088914],[-93.70082,30.056274],[-93.720805,30.053043],[-93.739734,30.023987],[-93.786935,29.99058],[-93.838374,29.882855],[-93.927992,29.80964],[-93.926504,29.78956],[-93.89847,29.771577],[-93.891637,29.744618],[-93.873941,29.73777],[-93.837971,29.690619],[-93.866981,29.673085],[-94.001406,29.681486],[-94.132577,29.646217],[-94.594853,29.467903],[-94.694158,29.415632],[-94.731047,29.369141],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.783131,29.375642],[-94.766848,29.393489],[-94.6724,29.476843],[-94.608557,29.483345],[-94.566674,29.531988],[-94.532348,29.5178],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.503429,29.54325],[-94.522421,29.545672],[-94.553988,29.573882],[-94.740699,29.525858],[-94.783296,29.535314],[-94.78954,29.546494],[-94.755237,29.562782],[-94.708741,29.625226],[-94.693154,29.694453],[-94.695317,29.723052],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.816085,29.75671],[-94.851108,29.721373],[-94.872551,29.67125],[-94.893107,29.661336],[-94.915413,29.656614],[-94.936089,29.692704],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-95.015636,29.639457],[-94.982936,29.60167],[-95.016889,29.548303],[-94.981916,29.511141],[-94.909898,29.49691],[-94.930861,29.450504],[-94.8908,29.433432],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-94.921593,29.281556],[-94.952526,29.290122],[-95.099101,29.173529],[-95.151925,29.151162],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-95.136221,29.084537],[-94.879239,29.285839],[-94.824953,29.306005],[-94.822307,29.344254],[-94.810696,29.353435],[-94.784895,29.335535],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-95.081773,29.111222],[-95.38239,28.866348],[-95.439594,28.859022],[-95.812504,28.664942],[-96.220376,28.491966],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-96.37596,28.401682],[-96.335119,28.437795],[-96.223825,28.495067],[-96.21505,28.509679],[-95.98616,28.606319],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-95.996338,28.658736],[-96.006516,28.648049],[-96.047737,28.649067],[-96.221784,28.580364],[-96.233998,28.596649],[-96.212624,28.622604],[-96.230944,28.641433],[-96.192267,28.687744],[-96.19583,28.69894],[-96.222802,28.698431],[-96.287942,28.683164],[-96.304227,28.671459],[-96.303718,28.644996],[-96.373439,28.626675],[-96.487943,28.569677],[-96.485907,28.607845],[-96.510844,28.61497],[-96.499648,28.635835],[-96.563262,28.644487],[-96.572931,28.667897],[-96.561226,28.696395],[-96.584091,28.722798],[-96.664534,28.696904],[-96.61059,28.638889],[-96.61975,28.627693],[-96.611099,28.585962],[-96.565297,28.5824],[-96.561226,28.570695],[-96.526111,28.557972],[-96.505755,28.525911],[-96.402446,28.449066],[-96.59176,28.357462],[-96.672677,28.335579],[-96.705247,28.348811],[-96.710336,28.406827],[-96.772209,28.408074],[-96.794554,28.365688],[-96.791761,28.31217],[-96.809573,28.290287],[-96.787181,28.255681],[-96.800413,28.224128],[-96.934765,28.123873],[-96.962755,28.123365],[-97.027014,28.148408],[-97.021303,28.1841],[-97.037008,28.185528],[-97.153601,28.13318],[-97.214039,28.087494],[-97.21535,28.076575],[-97.176444,28.059892],[-97.137421,28.057037],[-97.025693,28.11216],[-97.035528,28.084688],[-97.025859,28.041939],[-97.129168,27.919801],[-97.186709,27.825453],[-97.219738,27.823939],[-97.250797,27.876035],[-97.272253,27.881427],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.393291,27.782905],[-97.368355,27.741683],[-97.316446,27.712676],[-97.253955,27.696696],[-97.296598,27.613947],[-97.294054,27.5941],[-97.321535,27.571199],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.508304,27.275014],[-97.532223,27.278577],[-97.544437,27.284175],[-97.498126,27.308602],[-97.502706,27.322343],[-97.483877,27.338628],[-97.48693,27.358984],[-97.501688,27.366618],[-97.609068,27.285193],[-97.63146,27.28621],[-97.640111,27.270943],[-97.628916,27.242953],[-97.54291,27.229213],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.443673,27.116235],[-97.45665,27.099695],[-97.495836,27.094098],[-97.477515,27.066108],[-97.48693,27.057711],[-97.486676,27.03481],[-97.473444,27.02285],[-97.478533,26.999186],[-97.555378,26.99028],[-97.555378,26.93888],[-97.540874,26.90631],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.509831,26.803511],[-97.468609,26.740915],[-97.445708,26.609362],[-97.416955,26.553637],[-97.441383,26.455418],[-97.41721,26.44982],[-97.42179,26.417249],[-97.382485,26.411326],[-97.369627,26.394603],[-97.388965,26.36585],[-97.387947,26.330481],[-97.358176,26.356435],[-97.335275,26.355672],[-97.336802,26.331753],[-97.352833,26.318521],[-97.343927,26.267376],[-97.311866,26.273737],[-97.307031,26.253126],[-97.32128,26.236078],[-97.296598,26.200709],[-97.306776,26.159487],[-97.282094,26.120301],[-97.294054,26.11394],[-97.270898,26.086459],[-97.199651,26.077044],[-97.195071,26.04193],[-97.224842,26.027426],[-97.219244,25.996128],[-97.208557,25.991802],[-97.167208,26.007069],[-97.162628,26.023482],[-97.18273,26.053126],[-97.152009,26.062108],[-97.146294,25.955606],[-97.276707,25.952147],[-97.277163,25.935438],[-97.350398,25.925241],[-97.37443,25.907444],[-97.360082,25.868874],[-97.372864,25.840117],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-97.445113,25.850026],[-97.454727,25.879337],[-97.521762,25.886458],[-97.546421,25.934077],[-97.582565,25.937857],[-97.583044,25.955443],[-97.598043,25.957556],[-97.643708,26.016943],[-97.758838,26.032131],[-97.789823,26.04246],[-97.801344,26.060017],[-97.868235,26.056656]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Texas\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ace4b07f02db5c6bf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. mperry@usgs.gov","contributorId":429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew","email":"mperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222107,"text":"5222107 - 1986 - Relationship between snow depth and gray wolf predation on white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-15T15:24:54.724883","indexId":"5222107","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship between snow depth and gray wolf predation on white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"<p>Survival of 203 yearling and adult white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) was monitored for 23,441 deer days from January through April 1975-85 in northeastern Minnesota. Gray wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) predation was the primary mortality cause, and from year to year during this period, the mean predation rate ranged from 0.00 to 0.29. The sum of weekly snow depths/month explained 51% of the variation in annual wolf predation rate, with the highest predation during the deepest snow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801108","usgsCitation":"Nelson, M.E., and Mech, L., 1986, Relationship between snow depth and gray wolf predation on white-tailed deer: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 3, p. 471-474, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801108.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"474","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"northeastern Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.14270610565254,\n              48.582914880602374\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.14270610565254,\n              46.74028254374602\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.63003109801973,\n              46.74028254374602\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.63003109801973,\n              48.582914880602374\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.14270610565254,\n              48.582914880602374\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6341df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Michael E.","contributorId":7397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David","contributorId":66609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222098,"text":"5222098 - 1986 - Blood chemistry and hematocrit of captive and wild canvasbacks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-15T15:34:54.24536","indexId":"5222098","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blood chemistry and hematocrit of captive and wild canvasbacks","docAbstract":"<p>Blood chemistry and packed cell volume (PCV) did not vary among groups of captive canvasbacks (<i>Aythya valisineria</i>) maintained ad libitum on 5 diets varying in metabolizable energy (ME) and protein. Ducks fed low quality diets increased their consumption so that all ducks were obtaining similar amounts of energy and protein. Some variables, including cholesterol, were found to differ between the sexes and ages of captive ducks. Seasonal differences were detected in the blood chemistry of captive canvasbacks. Four of the 5 enzyme values increased from October to January and then declined to April. PCV increased from 45 in October to 51 in April. Overall, blood chemistry values and PCV's were highly variable and did not appear to be good discriminators for age, sex, and diet of captive canvasbacks. Differences detected between captive and wild canvasbacks were attributed to increased stress of wild ducks during handling.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801100","usgsCitation":"Perry, M.C., Obrecht, H.H., Williams, B., and Kuenzel, W.J., 1986, Blood chemistry and hematocrit of captive and wild canvasbacks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 3, p. 435-441, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801100.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"441","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db607764","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. mperry@usgs.gov","contributorId":429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew","email":"mperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Obrecht, Holliday H. III","contributorId":79545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obrecht","given":"Holliday","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Byron K.","contributorId":139564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Byron K.","affiliations":[{"id":12801,"text":"The Wildlife Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":335504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuenzel, Wayne J.","contributorId":15723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuenzel","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70197499,"text":"70197499 - 1986 - Paleomagnetism of Middle Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Western Cascade Series, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T15:46:52","indexId":"70197499","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism of Middle Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Western Cascade Series, northern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Western Cascade Series (WCS) is a 3.5‐km‐thick, crudely homoclinal (east dipping) calcalkaline volcanic sequence of mid‐Oligocene to early Miocene age that crops out near the southern tip of the Cascade Range in northern California. The mean direction of remanent magnetization in the WCS is D, 4.9°; I, 57.6° (N, 53; k, 14.4; α</span><sub>95</sub><span>, 5.3°). When compared to a reference direction for the North American craton, the WCS direction indicates that the southern Cascade Range has rotated 14.0° ± 9.0° since the WCS accumulated. A difference in mean direction between the lower and upper halves of the WCS suggests that much of this rotation occurred during the late Oligocene. Six other paleomagnetic studies of rock units of an age roughly comparable to the WCS also are available from western Oregon, northwestern California, and southwestern Washington. All show statistically significant clockwise rotation (inclinations of all but one are concordant). Comparison of directions indicates that the Pacific Northwest did not rotate as a rigid body, but neither did it behave as a collection of small, independently rotating domains. The amount of rotation found throughout the area increases to the west or northwest, suggesting a driving force for rotation operating at the continental margin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB08p08219","usgsCitation":"Beck, M.E., Burmester, R.F., Craig, D.E., Gromme, C.S., and Wells, R., 1986, Paleomagnetism of Middle Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Western Cascade Series, northern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B8, p. 8219-8230, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB08p08219.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"8219","endPage":"8230","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.61360168457033,\n              41.85115059465234\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35336303710938,\n              41.85115059465234\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35336303710938,\n              41.996753126923714\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.61360168457033,\n              41.996753126923714\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.61360168457033,\n              41.85115059465234\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, Myrl E. Jr.","contributorId":60700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Myrl","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burmester, Russell F.","contributorId":6083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burmester","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Craig, Douglas E.","contributorId":205482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gromme, C. Sherman","contributorId":22236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sherman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":737467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5222099,"text":"5222099 - 1986 - Influence of nutrients on feed intake and condition of captive canvasbacks in winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-15T15:41:48.299799","indexId":"5222099","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of nutrients on feed intake and condition of captive canvasbacks in winter","docAbstract":"<p>Dramatic changes in the food habits and distribution of canvasbacks (<i>Aythya valisineria</i>) in Chesapeake Bay during the 1970's generated a need to evaluate the nutritional value of food items and the requirements of this species on its wintering grounds. Groups of captive canvasbacks were maintained ad libitum on 5 diets during the winters of 1978-79 and 1979-80 to evaluate the effects of varying protein and energy levels on feed intake and condition. Feed intake during the 1979-80 winter was 42% greater for those ducks fed the low energy (1,543 kcal/kg) diet than for those fed the high energy (3,638 kcal/kg) diet. Canvasbacks fed the high energy diet, however, consumed 317 kcal/bird day, whereas those fed the low energy diet consumed only 191 kcal/bird day. Body weight of males and females did not differ among groups fed different diets, but there were seasonal differences (P &lt; 0.05) for both sexes aggregated across diets. Data from this study indicate that canvasbacks may be unable to adjust intake rates to compensate for low energy foods and subsequently may store less fat or modify behavior. However, decreased weight, feed intake, and activity of ducks fed ad libitum rations occurred in mid-winter irrespective of diet quality and appeared to be an endogenous component of their annual cycle that persists in captivity. These changes apparently have a selective advantage of increasing the probability of survival in ducks by decreasing energy expenditure during periods of winter stress.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801099","usgsCitation":"Perry, M.C., Kuenzel, W.J., Williams, B., and Serafin, J.A., 1986, Influence of nutrients on feed intake and condition of captive canvasbacks in winter: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 3, p. 427-434, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801099.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"434","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198245,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.9056310119169,\n              39.434544016064905\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9056310119169,\n              37.278653192409806\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.62731068827503,\n              37.278653192409806\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.62731068827503,\n              39.434544016064905\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9056310119169,\n              39.434544016064905\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c2e4b07f02db5d3d7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. mperry@usgs.gov","contributorId":429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew","email":"mperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuenzel, Wayne J.","contributorId":15723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuenzel","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Byron K.","contributorId":146540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Byron K.","affiliations":[{"id":205,"text":"Cooperative Research Units","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Serafin, John A.","contributorId":11292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serafin","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186153,"text":"70186153 - 1986 - Discussion of \"Aquifer test analysis in fractured rocks with linear flow pattern\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T10:38:19","indexId":"70186153","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discussion of \"Aquifer test analysis in fractured rocks with linear flow pattern\"","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01034.x","usgsCitation":"Heish, P.A., 1986, Discussion of \"Aquifer test analysis in fractured rocks with linear flow pattern\": Groundwater, v. 24, no. 4, p. 530-530, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01034.x.","productDescription":"1 p. ","startPage":"530","endPage":"530","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1953e4b02ff32c699ccb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heish, Paul A.","contributorId":190176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heish","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70210761,"text":"70210761 - 1986 - Glacial sequence near McCall, Idaho: Weathering rinds, soil development, morphology, and other relative-age criteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-24T13:39:37.696569","indexId":"70210761","displayToPublicDate":"1986-06-23T12:19:10","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial sequence near McCall, Idaho: Weathering rinds, soil development, morphology, and other relative-age criteria","docAbstract":"<p><span>The sequence of glacial deposits near McCall, Idaho, previously assigned to the Pinedale and Bull Lake glaciations, contains deposits of four different ages. These ages are defined by multiple relative-age criteria, including weathering rinds, soil development, surface-rock weathering, morainal morphology, and loess stratigraphy. The thickness of weathering rinds on basaltic clasts is statistically representative and reproducible and can be used to estimate numerical ages. Following in order of decreasing relation to age are soil development, surface-rock weathering, and moraine morphology. The glacial deposits near McCall appear to correspond to times of high worldwide ice volume indicated by the marine oxygen-isotope record. Pilgrim Cove and McCall deposits, both assigned to the Pinedale glaciation, are late Wisconsin in age, perhaps 14,000 and 20,000 years, respectively. They represent a rare case in which deposits of Pinedale age can be separated by relative-age data. Timber Ridge deposits, assigned to the Bull Lake glaciation, have subdued, but well-preserved morainal morphology; relative-age data indicate that they are pre-Wisconsin in age, probably about 140,000–150,000 years old, although we cannot exclude an older age. Williams Creek deposits are clearly distinct from, and intermediate in age between, McCall and Timber Ridge deposits. Weathering rinds and the inferred ages of the other deposits suggest an early Wisconsin age for Williams Creek deposits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(86)90041-4","usgsCitation":"Colman, S., and Pierce, K.L., 1986, Glacial sequence near McCall, Idaho: Weathering rinds, soil development, morphology, and other relative-age criteria: Quaternary Research, v. 25, no. 1, p. 25-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90041-4.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Valley County","city":"McCall","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-114.695,45.1958],[-114.7002,45.1898],[-114.7086,45.1885],[-114.7157,45.188],[-114.7228,45.1811],[-114.7228,45.1656],[-114.7227,45.1647],[-114.7227,45.1633],[-114.7234,45.1629],[-114.7253,45.1583],[-114.7324,45.1528],[-114.7291,45.1451],[-114.7278,45.1323],[-114.7284,45.1295],[-114.7284,45.1282],[-114.7207,45.1199],[-114.7284,45.1094],[-114.729,45.1072],[-114.7296,45.0998],[-114.7316,45.0948],[-114.727,45.0921],[-114.7186,45.0894],[-114.7192,45.0871],[-114.725,45.0802],[-114.727,45.0747],[-114.7276,45.0688],[-114.7269,45.0642],[-114.7256,45.0606],[-114.725,45.0569],[-114.7236,45.0478],[-114.7236,45.0414],[-114.7243,45.035],[-114.7268,45.0286],[-114.7255,45.0195],[-114.7242,45.0136],[-114.7216,45.0076],[-114.7242,45.0053],[-114.7267,45.0035],[-114.7293,45.0021],[-114.7287,44.9985],[-114.7293,44.9921],[-114.7293,44.9912],[-114.7325,44.9848],[-114.735,44.9811],[-114.7344,44.9766],[-114.733,44.9661],[-114.7337,44.961],[-114.7356,44.9569],[-114.7362,44.9551],[-114.7343,44.9533],[-114.7291,44.9492],[-114.7252,44.941],[-114.7226,44.9373],[-114.7226,44.9319],[-114.7348,44.9282],[-114.7368,44.9254],[-114.7297,44.9213],[-114.7284,44.9181],[-114.7297,44.9145],[-114.7309,44.9122],[-114.7322,44.9113],[-114.7309,44.9076],[-114.7257,44.9035],[-114.727,44.9017],[-114.7315,44.8981],[-114.7251,44.8908],[-114.7315,44.8848],[-114.7327,44.8802],[-114.7405,44.8798],[-114.7482,44.8807],[-114.7488,44.8779],[-114.7527,44.8729],[-114.7643,44.8752],[-114.7681,44.8706],[-114.7655,44.8629],[-114.761,44.8551],[-114.7706,44.8523],[-114.7667,44.8455],[-114.7661,44.8441],[-114.7693,44.8428],[-114.7712,44.8418],[-114.7738,44.8414],[-114.777,44.8427],[-114.7835,44.8423],[-114.788,44.84],[-114.7924,44.8354],[-114.7956,44.8322],[-114.7969,44.8308],[-114.7988,44.8258],[-114.8027,44.8217],[-114.8054,44.8186],[-114.8059,44.818],[-114.8084,44.8148],[-114.8123,44.8103],[-114.8161,44.8071],[-114.8213,44.8043],[-114.8296,44.8025],[-114.8373,44.7974],[-114.8424,44.7924],[-114.845,44.7883],[-114.8469,44.7864],[-114.8507,44.7842],[-114.8552,44.7832],[-114.861,44.7828],[-114.8687,44.7805],[-114.8777,44.7754],[-114.8867,44.7695],[-114.895,44.7635],[-114.9001,44.7603],[-114.9033,44.7585],[-114.911,44.7575],[-114.9155,44.7548],[-114.9148,44.7502],[-114.9155,44.7447],[-114.9193,44.7429],[-114.9218,44.7379],[-114.9321,44.7351],[-114.9392,44.7314],[-114.9462,44.7264],[-114.9519,44.7227],[-114.9564,44.7209],[-114.959,44.72],[-114.968,44.7254],[-114.9764,44.7286],[-114.9912,44.7299],[-114.9989,44.7239],[-115.0052,44.7184],[-115.0097,44.7157],[-115.0104,44.7179],[-115.013,44.7229],[-115.0156,44.7316],[-115.0164,44.7458],[-115.0228,44.7453],[-115.024,44.7412],[-115.0279,44.7361],[-115.0291,44.7334],[-115.033,44.7361],[-115.0318,44.7462],[-115.0402,44.7516],[-115.0505,44.7538],[-115.0602,44.757],[-115.0666,44.7602],[-115.0731,44.7683],[-115.0776,44.771],[-115.0809,44.7715],[-115.0854,44.7729],[-115.0885,44.7687],[-115.0982,44.7641],[-115.1065,44.76],[-115.1154,44.7563],[-115.1301,44.7466],[-115.1384,44.7393],[-115.1422,44.7352],[-115.1461,44.732],[-115.1486,44.7297],[-115.146,44.7242],[-115.1434,44.7219],[-115.1408,44.7192],[-115.1401,44.7146],[-115.1433,44.711],[-115.1446,44.7096],[-115.1465,44.7073],[-115.149,44.7018],[-115.1496,44.6932],[-115.1521,44.6886],[-115.1533,44.6799],[-115.1564,44.6726],[-115.1621,44.6644],[-115.1627,44.6562],[-115.169,44.6493],[-115.176,44.6456],[-115.1907,44.6373],[-115.2002,44.6249],[-115.2099,44.6304],[-115.2144,44.6303],[-115.224,44.6316],[-115.2259,44.6266],[-115.2233,44.623],[-115.2239,44.6203],[-115.2258,44.618],[-115.229,44.6193],[-115.2367,44.6211],[-115.2457,44.6192],[-115.2528,44.6187],[-115.2546,44.6146],[-115.2572,44.6105],[-115.259,44.6077],[-115.2668,44.6095],[-115.2758,44.6117],[-115.2815,44.6099],[-115.2859,44.6039],[-115.291,44.5971],[-115.2954,44.5906],[-115.3017,44.5806],[-115.3003,44.571],[-115.2982,44.5583],[-115.2943,44.5519],[-115.2897,44.5442],[-115.2928,44.5359],[-115.2896,44.5305],[-115.2806,44.5287],[-115.2806,44.5255],[-115.2792,44.5196],[-115.2683,44.5197],[-115.2574,44.5197],[-115.2466,44.5221],[-115.2471,44.5166],[-115.2452,44.5143],[-115.2445,44.5134],[-115.2407,44.5116],[-115.2354,44.4984],[-115.2303,44.4953],[-115.2263,44.4825],[-115.2236,44.4761],[-115.2326,44.4701],[-115.2331,44.4665],[-115.2254,44.4647],[-115.2222,44.462],[-115.2273,44.4583],[-115.2292,44.457],[-115.2317,44.4501],[-115.231,44.4483],[-115.2304,44.4464],[-115.2277,44.4383],[-115.2257,44.4296],[-115.2282,44.4214],[-115.2338,44.4127],[-115.2389,44.4086],[-115.2408,44.4017],[-115.2452,44.3958],[-115.2444,44.3848],[-115.2495,44.3807],[-115.2584,44.3747],[-115.264,44.3656],[-115.2723,44.3605],[-115.2786,44.3564],[-115.2818,44.3536],[-115.2811,44.3481],[-115.2817,44.3454],[-115.2874,44.3445],[-115.2906,44.3444],[-115.2931,44.3399],[-115.2982,44.3421],[-115.3072,44.3457],[-115.3252,44.3515],[-115.3322,44.3465],[-115.3462,44.3478],[-115.3526,44.3473],[-115.3583,44.3431],[-115.3512,44.3381],[-115.3543,44.3313],[-115.353,44.3272],[-115.3415,44.3241],[-115.3426,44.3154],[-115.3458,44.3158],[-115.3497,44.3154],[-115.3528,44.3108],[-115.3553,44.3048],[-115.3603,44.2998],[-115.3724,44.2979],[-115.3826,44.2901],[-115.3882,44.2823],[-115.3888,44.2773],[-115.3893,44.2723],[-115.3919,44.269],[-115.3988,44.2644],[-115.4005,44.2635],[-115.3992,44.2596],[-115.4051,44.2587],[-115.4095,44.2643],[-115.4135,44.2668],[-115.422,44.2663],[-115.4297,44.262],[-115.4418,44.2553],[-115.4412,44.2494],[-115.4502,44.2467],[-115.4585,44.2428],[-115.4655,44.2412],[-115.4744,44.2397],[-115.4801,44.2402],[-115.4859,44.2392],[-115.4935,44.2401],[-115.4999,44.2409],[-115.5076,44.24],[-115.5127,44.2404],[-115.5183,44.2349],[-115.5407,44.2347],[-116.0377,44.2372],[-116.0568,44.2369],[-116.1059,44.2373],[-116.1063,44.2263],[-116.1081,44.2204],[-116.1092,44.2131],[-116.1096,44.2039],[-116.1113,44.1962],[-116.1149,44.1838],[-116.1197,44.1742],[-116.1208,44.1655],[-116.1193,44.1555],[-116.1192,44.1532],[-116.1192,44.1501],[-116.1568,44.151],[-116.2142,44.1521],[-116.2133,44.194],[-116.2132,44.2387],[-116.2141,44.3253],[-116.1534,44.3251],[-116.1529,44.4122],[-116.1513,44.5002],[-116.1583,44.5002],[-116.1611,44.5088],[-116.1607,44.5197],[-116.1616,44.5311],[-116.1683,44.5406],[-116.1691,44.5475],[-116.1725,44.5561],[-116.174,44.5634],[-116.1741,44.5702],[-116.1755,44.5761],[-116.1823,44.5883],[-116.1825,44.5979],[-116.1739,44.6126],[-116.1721,44.6186],[-116.1717,44.6273],[-116.1734,44.6437],[-116.1774,44.6486],[-116.1743,44.6546],[-116.1644,44.6711],[-116.1639,44.6748],[-116.1633,44.6762],[-116.1623,44.6885],[-116.1599,44.6958],[-116.1602,44.7095],[-116.1805,44.7239],[-116.1813,44.7293],[-116.1777,44.739],[-116.1766,44.7486],[-116.1818,44.7517],[-116.1936,44.7598],[-116.2002,44.7661],[-116.2067,44.7678],[-116.2087,44.7742],[-116.206,44.792],[-116.2035,44.7966],[-116.2018,44.803],[-116.1987,44.8336],[-116.1959,44.8501],[-116.1968,44.8629],[-116.1881,44.8739],[-116.1884,44.8853],[-116.1827,44.8895],[-116.1688,44.8993],[-116.1606,44.9081],[-116.1603,44.9227],[-116.1604,44.9268],[-116.1606,44.935],[-116.1607,44.9377],[-116.1544,44.9456],[-116.1479,44.9438],[-116.1421,44.9421],[-116.1357,44.9421],[-116.1337,44.9431],[-116.1293,44.945],[-116.1268,44.9509],[-116.1231,44.9578],[-116.1201,44.9638],[-116.1188,44.9665],[-116.1164,44.9743],[-116.1192,44.9802],[-116.127,44.9838],[-116.1292,44.9934],[-116.1346,45.0065],[-116.1297,45.0148],[-116.126,45.0235],[-116.1049,45.0334],[-116.1034,45.048],[-116.1016,45.054],[-116.0945,45.0568],[-116.0895,45.0623],[-116.0896,45.066],[-116.0994,45.0695],[-116.1072,45.0735],[-116.1092,45.0744],[-116.1189,45.0743],[-116.1292,45.0733],[-116.1403,45.0786],[-116.1411,45.0854],[-116.1423,45.1087],[-116.1425,45.116],[-116.135,45.1257],[-116.1345,45.1326],[-116.1327,45.1399],[-116.1264,45.1464],[-116.1209,45.1597],[-116.1138,45.1611],[-116.104,45.1562],[-116.0936,45.1545],[-116.082,45.1551],[-116.0762,45.1566],[-116.0692,45.1626],[-116.0622,45.1645],[-116.0518,45.1651],[-116.0467,45.1683],[-116.0436,45.1738],[-116.0399,45.1803],[-116.0348,45.1826],[-116.0264,45.1827],[-116.0205,45.1832],[-116.0148,45.1865],[-116.0066,45.1962],[-115.9996,45.2027],[-115.9951,45.205],[-115.9881,45.2101],[-115.9869,45.2124],[-115.9831,45.2175],[-115.9799,45.2179],[-115.9747,45.218],[-115.9688,45.213],[-115.9731,45.2043],[-115.9795,45.1988],[-115.9768,45.1961],[-115.9173,45.1962],[-115.8998,45.196],[-115.6565,45.196],[-115.5343,45.197],[-115.4754,45.1974],[-115.3828,45.1972],[-115.3123,45.1971],[-114.8303,45.1964],[-114.695,45.1958]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Valley\",\"state\":\"ID\"}}]}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, S.M.","contributorId":32851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222097,"text":"5222097 - 1986 - Organochlorine residues in adult mallard and black duck wings, 1981-1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T13:36:34","indexId":"5222097","displayToPublicDate":"1986-06-16T12:19:01","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine residues in adult mallard and black duck wings, 1981-1982","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ten organochlorine compounds were identified in pools of black duck (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Anas rubripes</i><span>) and mallard (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">A. platyrhynchos</i><span>) wings from the 1981–82 hunting season. Most organochlorine compounds occurred very infrequently. Among those compounds positively identified by mass spectrometry, DDE and, secondarily, PCB had the highest frequencies of occurrence. Other compounds, positively identified and occurring less frequently, included DDT, DDD, DDMU, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">trans</i><span>-nonachlor, </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">cis</i><span>-chlordane and mirex. Compounds looked for but not positively identified include oxychlordane, </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">cis</i><span>-nonachlor, endrin, hexachlorobenzene and toxaphene. PCB levels in black duck wings declined between the 1979–80 and 1981–82 collections. PCB levels in black duck wings from the northern region of the Atlantic Flyway were higher than those in wings from the southern region. Mean DDE residues in mallard wings declined between collections and differed among flyways and regions. PCB levels in mallard wings differed only among flyways and regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00394287","usgsCitation":"Prouty, R.M., and Bunck, C., 1986, Organochlorine residues in adult mallard and black duck wings, 1981-1982: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 6, no. 1, p. 49-57, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394287.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a7ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prouty, R. M.","contributorId":31349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunck, C.M.","contributorId":72337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222112,"text":"5222112 - 1986 - Survival estimates for North American Atlantic brant, 1956-75","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-13T12:34:04","indexId":"5222112","displayToPublicDate":"1986-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival estimates for North American Atlantic brant, 1956-75","docAbstract":"The entire banding and recovery record for Atlantic brant (Branta bernicla hrota) was analyzed to determine recovery and survival rates for 1956-75. Composite survival rates for all adults (sex of banded birds was not recorded) during the 19-year period ranged from 0.984 to 0.591 (x = 0.785). Survival rates for Atlantic brant are relatively high among all geese but at the low end of the range for all brant. Detailed assessment of population structure and survival rates for each age and sex cohort are needed for this population.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801483","usgsCitation":"Kirby, R., Conroy, M., Barry, T., and Kerbes, R., 1986, Survival estimates for North American Atlantic brant, 1956-75: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 1, p. 29-32, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801483.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17724,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3801483","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6881dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, R.E.","contributorId":75871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barry, T.W.","contributorId":27967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kerbes, R.H.","contributorId":26391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerbes","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}