{"pageNumber":"4889","pageRowStart":"122200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184606,"records":[{"id":70210489,"text":"70210489 - 1986 - Age of -360-m reef terrace, Hawaii, and the rate of late Pleistocene subsidence of the island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-11T15:27:57.929613","indexId":"70210489","displayToPublicDate":"1986-06-04T14:29:50","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of -360-m reef terrace, Hawaii, and the rate of late Pleistocene subsidence of the island","docAbstract":"

Observations from a manned submersible vehicle indicate that the −360-m reef terrace northwest of the island of Hawaii is a drowned coral reef. The preferred uranium-series age of coralline algae collected from the reef face is 120 ± 5 ka. This age agrees with the notion that the reef was drowned during the sea-level rise following the major lowstand of the sea that occurred at 145 ka (oxygen isotope stage 6). This drowning pattern is similar to the previously determined radiocarbon age of 13 ka for drowning of the −150-m reef off west Hawaii, which drowned during the sea-level rise following the last major lowstand of the sea at 18 ka (oxygen isotope stage 2). Estimated average subsidence of the reef site off northwest Hawaii is 2.7 mm/yr since final drowning of the −360-m reef.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<967:AOMRTH>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Szabo, B.J., and Moore, J.G., 1986, Age of -360-m reef terrace, Hawaii, and the rate of late Pleistocene subsidence of the island: Geology, v. 14, no. 11, p. 967-968, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<967:AOMRTH>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"968","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Northwest Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.1651611328125,\n 19.973348786110602\n ],\n [\n -155.43457031249997,\n 19.973348786110602\n ],\n [\n -155.43457031249997,\n 20.52478875041428\n ],\n [\n -156.1651611328125,\n 20.52478875041428\n ],\n [\n -156.1651611328125,\n 19.973348786110602\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015725,"text":"70015725 - 1986 - The Munson-Nygren slide: A major lower-slope slide off Georges Bank","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T16:47:34.984544","indexId":"70015725","displayToPublicDate":"1986-06-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Munson-Nygren slide: A major lower-slope slide off Georges Bank","docAbstract":"

The Munson-Nygren slide is a large compound slide located between Munson and Nygren Canyons below 1900 m depth on the Continental Slope off Georges Bank. Its structural and morphological features are recognized in high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles. The slide comprises an axial trough which has a relief as great as 325 m and a width of 6–10 km. The trough is flanked by displaced and disrupted strata for a total lateral extent of approximately 20 km and a downslope extent of at least 35 km. The slide is unrelated genetically to the adjacent canyons and may postdate Munson Canyon. There is evidence of plastic deformation at the base of the section subjected to sliding. Certain features of the slide complex resemble those seen in landforms on the Laurentian Rise and attributed by Emery et al.∗ to the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake. The Munson-Nygren slide may have been triggered by a large earthquake in late Pleistocene time or later. Destructional landforms associated with the slide are similar to those widely present along the lower slope off Georges Bank.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(86)90101-5","usgsCitation":"O’Leary, D.W., 1986, The Munson-Nygren slide: A major lower-slope slide off Georges Bank: Marine Geology, v. 72, no. 1-2, p. 101-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(86)90101-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"114","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223784,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Georges Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.67405766100154,\n 43.01495540441945\n ],\n [\n -70.67405766100154,\n 42.216386527277166\n ],\n [\n -69.67187187822299,\n 42.216386527277166\n ],\n [\n -69.67187187822299,\n 43.01495540441945\n ],\n [\n -70.67405766100154,\n 43.01495540441945\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba80de4b08c986b3219a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W.","contributorId":91501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70121080,"text":"70121080 - 1986 - Morphological variation and zoogeography of racers (Coluber constrictor) in the central Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:49:19","indexId":"70121080","displayToPublicDate":"1986-06-01T12:56:29","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological variation and zoogeography of racers (Coluber constrictor) in the central Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"We examined 63 specimens of Coluber constrictor from Colorado and Utah using eight external morphological characters that have been used to distinguish C. c. mormon from C. c. flaviventris. We grouped the snakes into three Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU's) in a transect across the Rocky Mountains: the eastern Front Range foothills in Colorado; the inter-mountain region (western slope of Colorado and northeastern Utah); and the western foothills of the Wasatch Mountains in Utah. Statistically significant variation among the OTU's was discovered for ration of tail length to total length, number of central and subcaudal scales, and number of dentary teeth. However, variation is clinal with nearly complete overlap from one end f the transect to the other for each character, suggesting a wide zone of intergradiation in the inter-mountain region. We do not believe reported differences in reproductive parameters between Great Plains and Great Basin racers are sufficient grounds for recognition of species, because clutch size is both geographically variable and dependent on the environment. The distribution of C. constrictor is similar to that of other reptiles with transmontane distributions in the western United States, and we suggest two possible routes of dispersal across the Continental Divide in southwestern Wyoming. Thus, elevation of C. c. mormon to species status is not supported by morphological, reproductive, or zoogeographic evidence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Herpetologists' League","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., and Bury, R.B., 1986, Morphological variation and zoogeography of racers (Coluber constrictor) in the central Rocky Mountains: Herpetologica, v. 42, no. 2, p. 258-264.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.05,36.96 ], [ -114.05,42.08 ], [ -101.98,42.08 ], [ -101.98,36.96 ], [ -114.05,36.96 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cde4b073ff773a7d3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70247996,"text":"70247996 - 1986 - Klamath-Blue Mountain lineament, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-30T18:05:09.782398","indexId":"70247996","displayToPublicDate":"1986-06-01T12:52:57","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Klamath-Blue Mountain lineament, Oregon","docAbstract":"

Regional gravity data clearly show a zone of southwest-northeast lineations across Oregon that defines a major crustal lineament. Its existence is supported by geologic and geophysical data. Its correlation with the northwestern boundaries of the Klamath and Blue Mountain provinces suggests that these are continuous beneath the Cascade volcanic arc. The lineament may represent a pre-Tertiary strike-slip continental margin which, from paleomagnetic evidence, later rotated clockwise into its present position.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<528:KMLO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Riddihough, R.P., Finn, C.A., and Couch, R., 1986, Klamath-Blue Mountain lineament, Oregon: Geology, v. 14, no. 6, p. 528-531, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<528:KMLO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"528","endPage":"531","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mountains, Klamath Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.17851288077497,\n 43.73335699913466\n ],\n [\n -124.52991380017454,\n 43.24810343799487\n ],\n [\n -124.71201019034217,\n 42.79782699374846\n ],\n [\n -124.48444751878591,\n 42.51604173994377\n ],\n [\n -124.57252546250788,\n 42.2368030838181\n ],\n [\n -124.32937660058963,\n 41.98569928911908\n ],\n [\n -119.99457089276672,\n 41.983616650759586\n ],\n [\n -119.64193264392517,\n 42.408297145442674\n ],\n [\n -118.33489683651126,\n 43.30314939297196\n ],\n [\n -117.7715359377961,\n 43.7169382236809\n ],\n [\n -117.0018518659671,\n 43.83340466261174\n ],\n [\n -116.91044292919958,\n 43.93732733924833\n ],\n [\n -116.90210814787329,\n 44.07426115035574\n ],\n [\n -116.83135910779737,\n 44.178837092860505\n ],\n [\n -117.05931221414468,\n 44.30750282371969\n ],\n [\n -117.1815758310704,\n 44.417581033459385\n ],\n [\n -117.10994723913439,\n 44.5375936633788\n ],\n [\n -117.05472287490858,\n 44.73438198006397\n ],\n [\n -116.85435703973747,\n 44.82035238669556\n ],\n [\n -116.84099216175855,\n 45.01857448026624\n ],\n [\n -116.70196220894758,\n 45.13689545560561\n ],\n [\n -116.62198625356893,\n 45.33353556771891\n ],\n [\n -116.44717037237695,\n 45.604310960766355\n ],\n [\n -116.52317954621856,\n 45.76007838747606\n ],\n [\n -116.80423386250968,\n 45.84469397257209\n ],\n [\n -116.90346624097043,\n 46.00093304163366\n ],\n [\n -118.27243526969588,\n 45.99859811679241\n ],\n [\n -119.08149056827975,\n 45.336686915502156\n ],\n [\n -120.2725599512438,\n 44.91753930004316\n ],\n [\n -121.80040838438327,\n 44.226402362423585\n ],\n [\n -122.727584692323,\n 44.0298070521778\n ],\n [\n -124.17851288077497,\n 43.73335699913466\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riddihough, Robin P.","contributorId":51150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddihough","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Couch, Richard","contributorId":93959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couch","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70121369,"text":"70121369 - 1986 - Shrinkage and growth compensation in common sunflowers: refining estimates of damage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T10:49:43","indexId":"70121369","displayToPublicDate":"1986-06-01T10:40:39","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shrinkage and growth compensation in common sunflowers: refining estimates of damage","docAbstract":"Shrinkage and growth compensation of artificially damaged common sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) were studied in central North Dakota during 1981-1982 in an effort to increase accuracy of estimates of blackbird damage to sunflowers. In both years, as plants matured damaged areas on seedheads shrank at a greater rate than the sunflower heads themselves. This differential shrinkage resulted in an underestimation of the area damaged. Sunflower head and damaged-area shrinkage varied widely by time and degree of damage and by size of the seedhead damaged. Because variation in shrinkage by time of damage was so large, predicting when blackbird damage occurs may be the most important factor in estimating seed loss. Yield'occupied seed area was greater (P < 0.05) for damaged than undamaged heads and tended to increase as degree of damage inflicted increased, indicating growth compensation was occurring in response to lost seeds. Yields of undamaged seeds in seedheads damaged during early seed development were higher than those of heads damaged later. This suggested that there was a period of maximal response to damage when plants were best able to redirect growth to seeds remaining in the head. Sunflowers appear to be able to compensate for damage of ≤ 15% of the total hear area. Estimates of damage can be improved by applying empirical results of differential shrinkage and growth compensations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D. C.","doi":"10.2307/3801115","usgsCitation":"Sedgwick, J., Oldemeye, J.L., and Swenson, E.L., 1986, Shrinkage and growth compensation in common sunflowers: refining estimates of damage: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 3, p. 513-520, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801115.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"520","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292755,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3801115"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707e4e4b05ec1f2431c1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedgwick, James A.","contributorId":55350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedgwick","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oldemeye, John L.","contributorId":27795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldemeye","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swenson, Elizabeth L.","contributorId":69896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70234366,"text":"70234366 - 1986 - Implications of recent advances in instrumentation for strong-motion studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-09T15:13:15.140214","indexId":"70234366","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-31T10:10:25","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Implications of recent advances in instrumentation for strong-motion studies","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 17th joint panel meeting of the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program in Wind and seismic effects","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., 1986, Implications of recent advances in instrumentation for strong-motion studies, in Proceedings of the 17th joint panel meeting of the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program in Wind and seismic effects, p. 106-117.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"117","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185553,"text":"70185553 - 1986 - Transient electromagnetic soundings in the Michigan Basin for ground water evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T23:06:54","indexId":"70185553","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Transient electromagnetic soundings in the Michigan Basin for ground water evaluation","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Surface and Borehole Geophysical Methods and Ground Water Instrumentation Conference and Exposition","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Surface and Borehole Geophysical Methods and Ground Water Instrumentation Conference and Exposition","conferenceDate":"October 15-17, 1986","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"National Water Well Association","publisherLocation":"Dublin, OH","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D., 1986, Transient electromagnetic soundings in the Michigan Basin for ground water evaluation, in Proceedings of the Surface and Borehole Geophysical Methods and Ground Water Instrumentation Conference and Exposition, Denver, CO, October 15-17, 1986, p. 334-353.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"353","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Michigan Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df18e4b05ec79911d1ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, D.V. 0000-0001-5600-3401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-3401","contributorId":70386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182144,"text":"70182144 - 1986 - An inverse method using toroidal mode data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T15:20:50","indexId":"70182144","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2103,"text":"Inverse Problems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An inverse method using toroidal mode data","docAbstract":"

The author presents a numerical method for calculating the density and S-wave velocity in the upper mantle of a spherically symmetric, non-rotating Earth which consists of a perfect elastic, isotropic material. The data comes from the periods of the toroidal oscillations. She tests the method on a smoothed version of model A. The error in the reconstruction is less than 1%. The effects of perturbations in the eigenvalues are studied and she finds that the final model is sensitive to errors in the data.

","language":"English","publisher":"IOPscience","doi":"10.1088/0266-5611/2/1/009","issn":"0266-5611","usgsCitation":"Willis, C., 1986, An inverse method using toroidal mode data: Inverse Problems, v. 2, no. 1, p. 111-130, https://doi.org/10.1088/0266-5611/2/1/009.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c85de4b025c46428631d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willis, C.","contributorId":12748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014553,"text":"70014553 - 1986 - Marine cobalt resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-26T16:06:05.842652","indexId":"70014553","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine cobalt resources","docAbstract":"Ferromanganese oxides in the open oceans are more enriched in cobalt than any other widely distributed sediments or rocks. Concentrations of cobalt exceed 1 percent in ferromanganese crusts on seamounts, ocean ridges, and other raised areas of the ocean. The cobalt-rich crusts may be the slowest growing of any earth material, accumulating one molecular layer every 1 to 3 months. Attention has been drawn to crusts as potential resources because they contain cobalt, manganese, and platinum, three of the four priority strategic metals for the United States. Moreover, unlike abyssal nodules, whose recovery is complicated by their dominant location in international waters, some of the most cobalt-rich crusts occur within the exclusive economic zone of the United States and other nations. Environmental impact statements for crust exploitation are under current development by the Department of the Interior.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.232.4750.600","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., 1986, Marine cobalt resources: Science, v. 232, no. 4750, p. 600-608, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.232.4750.600.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"608","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"232","issue":"4750","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a51d1e4b0c8380cd6bf69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226908,"text":"70226908 - 1986 - Unsteady, nonuniform landslide motion: 2. Linearized theory and the kinematics of transient response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T21:18:36.605108","indexId":"70226908","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-01T15:12:47","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unsteady, nonuniform landslide motion: 2. Linearized theory and the kinematics of transient response","docAbstract":"

Unsteady, nonuniform landslide motion is caused by temporal and spatial variations in driving and resisting forces. Common sources of these variations include stream undercutting of landslide toes, episodic headscarp slumping, and ground-water potentiometric fluctuations. A linear theory for the kinematics of unsteady, nonuniform landslide motion is developed here by analyzing the behavior of small perturbations about a datum state of steady landslide shear flow. The analysis indicates that local perturbations in landslide sediment flux exhibit advective-diffusive behavior that is controlled largely by a single dimensionless parameter, here called the landslide Peclet number. Explication of the physical meaning of this parameter shows that motion of landslide sediment-flux perturbations is dominated by slow advection if the landslide material behavior is primarily viscous and by rapid diffusion if the behavior is more rigidly plastic. Landslides that deform along thin plastic slip zones are thus inferred to respond relatively rapidly and globally to transient perturbations. Landslides that deform in thick zones of creeping flow, in contrast, are inferred to respond over periods as long as many tens of years, with zones of perturbed sediment flux that translate downslope as weakly diffusive kinematic waves. Many landslides probably fall between these two extremes in their style of response. The measured response of a large California landslide to transient toe undercutting by an adjacent stream helps corroborate the theoretical results.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/629034","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., 1986, Unsteady, nonuniform landslide motion: 2. Linearized theory and the kinematics of transient response: Journal of Geology, v. 94, no. 3, p. 349-364, https://doi.org/10.1086/629034.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"364","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Minor Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.84316921234131,\n 40.95941904108161\n ],\n [\n -123.80119800567626,\n 40.95941904108161\n ],\n [\n -123.80119800567626,\n 40.96693739752686\n ],\n [\n -123.84316921234131,\n 40.96693739752686\n ],\n [\n -123.84316921234131,\n 40.95941904108161\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70121081,"text":"70121081 - 1986 - Habitat use and terrestrial activity by red tree voles (Arborimus longicaudus) in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:49:41","indexId":"70121081","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-01T13:10:35","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and terrestrial activity by red tree voles (Arborimus longicaudus) in Oregon","docAbstract":"

Several species of vertebrates may find optimal habitat for breeding, nesting, or foraging in old-growth (>200 years old) confierous forests in the Pacific Northwest. Old-growth forests are economically valuable, however, and most unprotected stands will be cut within 40 years (Franklin et al., 1981). Meslow et al. (1981) and Raphael (1984) identified a critical need to document habitat use and establish the relationship of wildlife species in these forests.

\n
\n

In 1983, we operated arrays of pitfall traps for six months to investigate habitat use by terrestrial herpetofauna and small mammals in four age classes of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forest in and near the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Linn and Lane counties, Oregon. Red tree voles, Arborimus longicaudus, were among the mammals captured. This species is considered to find optimum habitat in old-growth forests (Franklin et al., 1981; Meslow et al., 1981), but quantitative data on the local occurrence of the species are lacking. Here we report on habitat use by A. longicaudus and document terrestrial activity for this presumably arboreal species.

\n
\n

A pitfall array was located in each of 18 stands dominated by Douglas-fir. Each array consisted of two sets of three 5-m aluminum drift fences each with pitfall traps (No. 10 tin cans; 6.4 l in volume) at the ends of the fences (see Bury and Raphael, 1983). The 18 stands represented four successional stages based on estimated age: 3 pre-canopy (clear cuts 5-9 years old), 3 young (30-69 years), 4 mature (76-150 years), and 8 old-growth (195-450 years). Additionally, old-growth stands were ranked on a general moisture gradient (wet, mesic, or dry) based on aspect, topographic position, and presence of indicator plant species. Pitfall traps were operated continuously for 180 days from late May to late November, 1983.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.2307/1380898","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., and Bury, R.B., 1986, Habitat use and terrestrial activity by red tree voles (Arborimus longicaudus) in Oregon: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 67, no. 2, p. 404-406, https://doi.org/10.2307/1380898.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"404","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292571,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1380898"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.6129,41.9918 ], [ -124.6129,46.292 ], [ -116.4633,46.292 ], [ -116.4633,41.9918 ], [ -124.6129,41.9918 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"67","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cbe4b073ff773a7d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70231354,"text":"70231354 - 1986 - Remote sensing and mapping of the vegetation and land use of Senegal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-06T17:28:46.43466","indexId":"70231354","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-01T12:09:16","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Remote sensing and mapping of the vegetation and land use of Senegal","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"20th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","conferenceDate":"December 4-10, 1986","conferenceLocation":"Nairobi, Kenya","language":"English","publisher":"University of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Tappan, G.G., 1986, Remote sensing and mapping of the vegetation and land use of Senegal, in Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 2, Nairobi, Kenya, December 4-10, 1986, p. 483-487.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"487","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) 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Gray 0000-0002-2240-6963 tappan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6963","contributorId":3624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappan","given":"G.","email":"tappan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Gray","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70121050,"text":"70121050 - 1986 - Biomonitors of stream quality on agricultural areas: fish versus invertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T11:29:35","indexId":"70121050","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-01T11:28:42","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomonitors of stream quality on agricultural areas: fish versus invertebrates","docAbstract":"Although the utility of using either fish or benthic invertebrates as biomonitors of stream quality has been clearly shown, there is little comparative information on the usefulness of the groups in any particular situation. We compared fish to invertebrate assemblages in their ability to reflect habitat quality of sediment-impacted streams in agricultural regions of northeast Missouri, USA. Habitat quality was measured by a combination of substrate composition, riparian type, buffer strip width, and land use. Invertebrates were more sensitive to habitat differences when structural measurements, species diversity and ordination, were used. Incorporating ecological measurements, by using the Index of Biological Integrity, increased the information obtained from the fish assemblage. The differential response of the two groups was attributed to the more direct impact of sediments on invertebrate life requisites; the impact of sedimentation on fish is considered more indirect and complex, affecting feeding and reproductive mechanisms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/BF01867267","usgsCitation":"Berkman, H.E., Rabeni, C.F., and Boyle, T., 1986, Biomonitors of stream quality on agricultural areas: fish versus invertebrates: Environmental Management, v. 10, no. 3, p. 413-419, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01867267.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"419","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292542,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867267"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464c9e4b073ff773a7ce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berkman, Hilary E.","contributorId":97015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkman","given":"Hilary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyle, Terence P.","contributorId":85214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"Terence P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014466,"text":"1014466 - 1986 - Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: protocol for a standard challenge to brook trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-09T16:46:50.739226","indexId":"1014466","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: protocol for a standard challenge to brook trout","docAbstract":"

A protocol for experimental challenge with infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus was defined with brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis as the model species. Fish were exposed by immersion for 5 h in water containing IPN virus at a concentration of 105 plaque‐forming units per milliliter. We propose the protocol as a standard challenge based on our studies of exposure methods and host response to virulent virus. Immersion challenge induced higher and more consistent mortality than did challenge by hyperosmotic infiltration. Challenge virus should be sequentially transferred no more than five times in cell culture because further transfers reduced the virulence of the virus. At 12°C, mortalities due to primary infection occurred 6–12 d after immersion challenge and were highest (≥70%) in fish 27–56 d old. Susceptibility to lethal infection was enhanced by nutritional stress.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<466:IPNV>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"McAllister, P.E., and Owens, W.J., 1986, Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: protocol for a standard challenge to brook trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 115, no. 3, p. 466-470, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<466:IPNV>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"466","endPage":"470","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131039,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5c8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, W. J.","contributorId":15968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013731,"text":"1013731 - 1986 - Plasma corticosteroid stress response of fourteen species of warmwater fish to transportation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T16:43:31.066349","indexId":"1013731","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plasma corticosteroid stress response of fourteen species of warmwater fish to transportation","docAbstract":"

Plasma corticosteroid concentrations were measured in 14 species of fish immediately after they were electrofished from reservoirs on the Alabama River and after they had been transported for 2 h. There was no corticosteroid response in spotted gars Lepisosteus oculatus. Bowfins Amia calva, longnose gars Lepisosteus osseus, and freshwater drums Aplodinotus grunniens had only small corticosteroid increases (14–39 ng/mL) during transportation. Corticosteroids increased by intermediate amounts (59–184 ng/mL) during transportation in blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, paddlefish Polyodon spathula, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, river carpsuckers Carpiodes carpio, white bass Morone chrysops, striped bass Morone saxatilis, and crappies Pomoxis sp. The greatest increases were 223 ng/mL in gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum and 286 ng/mL in common carp Cyprinus carpio. Spotted and longnose gars, largemouth bass, and common carp also were held in tanks for about 2 months at 21°C and then stressed by confinement in a dip net for 30 min. The confinement caused significant increases (P < 0.01) of plasma corticosteroid concentration in all four species. Dip‐net confinement appears to be a useful method for comparing corticosteroid responses among species of warmwater fish.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<495:PCSROF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Davis, K.B., and Parker, N., 1986, Plasma corticosteroid stress response of fourteen species of warmwater fish to transportation: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 115, no. 3, p. 495-499, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<495:PCSROF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"499","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684fed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, K. B.","contributorId":83869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003187,"text":"1003187 - 1986 - Does pH affect fish species richness when lake area is considered?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T16:30:35.446407","indexId":"1003187","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does pH affect fish species richness when lake area is considered?","docAbstract":"

Numerous surveys have shown that fish species richness (number of species) is positively correlated with lake pH. However, species richness of fish communities is also correlated with lake size, and low‐pH lakes are often small. Thus, conclusions drawn from examination of fish community structure relative to spatial (among‐lake) variation in pH have been limited by uncertainties regarding the confounded effects of lake area. We used two statistical methods, analysis of covariance and a nonparametric blocked comparison test, to remove effects of lake area and compare fish species richness in low‐pH and high‐pH lakes. Data from six previous surveys of water chemistry and fish communities in lakes of Ontario and northern Wisconsin were examined. Lakes with low pH (≤6.0) contained significantly fewer fish species than lakes with high pH (>6.0) when the effect of lake area was considered. A simple probabilistic model showed that the ability to detect differences in species richness is low when lake areas and the pool of potential colonizing species are small. We recommend the blocked comparison test for separating the effects of lake area and pH on species richness and urge critical examination of inferences based on analyses of fish communities in small lakes.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<438:DPAFSR>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rago, P., and Wiener, J., 1986, Does pH affect fish species richness when lake area is considered?: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 115, no. 3, p. 438-447, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<438:DPAFSR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"447","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Ontario, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.3428963904647,\n 53.05423207378681\n ],\n [\n -95.06663345838915,\n 49.84198591717103\n ],\n [\n -92.831369545566,\n 44.28539048218653\n ],\n [\n -91.26927281398797,\n 43.44516557063929\n ],\n [\n -90.8334214078222,\n 42.54490074252436\n ],\n [\n -87.01410605822231,\n 42.440864659121644\n ],\n [\n -86.01750679878438,\n 45.470368842993665\n ],\n [\n -79.75120634729265,\n 46.52265612463563\n ],\n [\n -79.53681665403423,\n 53.53264029553128\n ],\n [\n -88.55944497110296,\n 57.09165271877964\n ],\n [\n -95.3428963904647,\n 53.05423207378681\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rago, P.J.","contributorId":50099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rago","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015080,"text":"70015080 - 1986 - An instrument system for monitoring and sampling suspended sediment in the benthic boundary layer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T16:21:28.918837","indexId":"70015080","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An instrument system for monitoring and sampling suspended sediment in the benthic boundary layer","docAbstract":"

An instrument system has been constructed that can monitor and sample suspended sediment distributions in the benthic boundary layer. It consists of miniature nephelometers and suspended sediment samplers placed within one meter of the seabed. The system is capable of continuously monitoring suspended sediment profiles at eight levels between 14 and 100 cm above the seabed and collecting suspended sediment samples at four levels (20, 50, 70 and 100 cm) at three times during a deployment period.

The suspended sediment system is designed to fit onto the instrumented tripod GEOPROBE which contains four electromagnetic current meters, pressure sensor, bottom stereo camera, two temperature sensors, transmissometer, and a Savonius rotor current meter. Sensor operation, data recording, and sediment sampling events are synchronized. Thus detailed measurements of the near-bottom flow conditions are made concurrently with suspended sediment measurements. The combined system has been used in sediment transporting environments within San Francisco Bay, California, and Puget Sound, Washington.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(86)90069-1","usgsCitation":"Sternberg, R., Johnson, R., Cacchione, D., and Drake, D., 1986, An instrument system for monitoring and sampling suspended sediment in the benthic boundary layer: Marine Geology, v. 71, no. 3-4, p. 187-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(86)90069-1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"199","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223635,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea7ee4b0c8380cd488cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sternberg, R.W.","contributorId":90872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sternberg","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, R.V. II","contributorId":103417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.V.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199580,"text":"70199580 - 1986 - Determination of the components of stormflow using water chemistry and environmental isotopes, Mattole River basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T21:17:32","indexId":"70199580","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-15T21:16:44","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of the components of stormflow using water chemistry and environmental isotopes, Mattole River basin, California","docAbstract":"

The chemical and isotopic composition of rainfall and stream water was monitored during a storm in the Mattole River basin of northwestern California. About 250 mm of rain fell during 6 days (∼80% within a 42 h period) in late January, 1972, following 24 days of little or no precipitation. River discharge near Petrolia increased from 22 m3 s−1 to a maximum of 1300 m3s−1 while chloride and silica concentrations decreased only from 3.2 to 2.1 and 11.5 to 8.6 mgl−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the isotopic composition of the river changed from &#x3B4;D = &#x2212; 42&#x2030;\">‰δD = − 42‰, &#x3B4;180 = &#x2212; 6.8&#x2030;\">‰δ180 = − 6.8‰ and 40 tritium units (T.U.) to extreme values at highest flow of &#x3B4;D = &#x2212; 35&#x2030;\">‰δD = − 35‰, &#x3B4;180 = &#x2212; 5.9&#x2030;\">‰δ180 = − 5.9‰ and 25 T.U. in response to volume-weighted rainfall averaging &#x3B4;D = &#x2212; 19.5&#x2030;\">‰δD = − 19.5‰, &#x3B4;180 = &#x2212; 3.1&#x2030;\">‰δ180 = − 3.1‰ and 18 T.U.

Despite much rainfall of a composition quite different from that of the prestorm river water, “buffering” processes in the watershed greatly restricted changes in the chemical and isotopic content of the river during storm runoff. Because of the physical and hydrologic characteristics of the watershed, major contributions of groundwater to stormflow are very unlikely. The large increase in dissolved chemical load observed at maximum river discharge required that extensive interaction with, and presumably penetration of, soils occurred within a few hours time. Such a large increase in chemical load also required subsurface stormflow throughout a high proportion of the watershed. Chemical and isotopic stabilization of stormflow is believed to be due mainly to displacement of prestorm soil water, with some effects on river chemistry due to rapid rain-soil interactions.

The isotopic and chemical composition of prestorm soil moisture cannot readily be predicted a priori because of possible variability in rainfall composition, evaporation, and exchange with atmospheric moisture, nor can it be assumed that baseflow has a predictable relation to the chemical or isotopic composition of water displaced from soils during storms. Therefore, it seems inappropriate to draw conclusions as to the relative proportions of groundwater and rainfall in runoff from a particular storm based only on the average compositions of rainfall, stormflow, and prestorm river water, as has been done in most previous isotope hydrograph studies.

Given the great variation in hydrology, topography, soil characteristics, rainfall intensity and quantity, etc. from place to place, the relative amount of overland flow, subsurface flow from the unsaturated zone and of groundwater in stormflow can vary greatly in time and space.

","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90047-8","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, V.C., Adams, C.R., Zellweger, G.W., Wyerman, T.A., and Avanzino, R., 1986, Determination of the components of stormflow using water chemistry and environmental isotopes, Mattole River basin, California: Journal of Hydrology, v. 84, no. 1-2, p. 107-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90047-8.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mattole River basin","volume":"84","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, V. C.","contributorId":46080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Cynthia R. 0000-0003-4383-530X cradams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-530X","contributorId":176965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Cynthia","email":"cradams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wyerman, Theodore A.","contributorId":23222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyerman","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Avanzino, R.J.","contributorId":37336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014509,"text":"70014509 - 1986 - Decrease in deformation rate observed by two-color laser ranging in Long Valley caldera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-26T16:10:47.312861","indexId":"70014509","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decrease in deformation rate observed by two-color laser ranging in Long Valley caldera","docAbstract":"After the January 1983 earthquake swarm, the last period of notable seismicity, the rapid rate of deformation of the south moat and resurgent dome of the Long Valley caldera diminished. Frequently repeated two-color laser ranging measurements made within a geodetic network in the caldera during the interval June 1983 to November 1984 reveal that, although the deformation accumulated smoothly in time, the rate of extension of many of the baselines decreased by factors of 2 to 3 from mid-1983 to mid-1984. Areal dilatation was the dominant signal during this period, with rates of extension of several baselines reaching as high as 5 parts per million per annum during the summer of 1983. Within the south moat, shear deformation also was apparent. The cumulative deformation can be modeled as the result of injection of material into two points located beneath the resurgent dome in addition to shallow right lateral slip on a vertical fault in the south moat.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.232.4747.213","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Linker, M.F., Langbein, J.O., and McGarr, A., 1986, Decrease in deformation rate observed by two-color laser ranging in Long Valley caldera: Science, v. 232, no. 4747, p. 213-216, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.232.4747.213.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"216","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"232","issue":"4747","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe17e4b0c8380cd4eafc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linker, Mark F.","contributorId":36283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linker","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, J. O.","contributorId":39404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000514,"text":"1000514 - 1986 - Evaluation of coded wire tags for marking lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T16:37:28.818667","indexId":"1000514","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of coded wire tags for marking lake trout","docAbstract":"

Among hatchery-reared lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) of the 1979-1982 year classes stocked in New York waters of Lake Ontario, more than 3 million fish were marked with a coded wire tag (CWT) plus an adipose fin clip, and 1.5 million with only conventional fin clips. Altogether, 7,640 tags were recovered from fish collected with bottom trawls and gill nets or caught by anglers during 1980-1983. One person was able to extract and decipher 200 or more CWTs per day with about a 1% error rate in reading and recording codes. Presence of the CWT did not affect growth. The adipose fin clip did not regenerate. The occurrence of fish with an adipose fin clip but no CWT resulted primarily from the regeneration of paired fins among fish marked with a combination of the adipose fin and a paired fin. Loss of CWTs between marking and stocking (generally 4-5 months for fish stocked in spring and 1-8 d for fish stocked in fall) declined from nearly 11% for the 1979 year class stocked as fall fingerlings to less than 3% for the 1981 and 1982 year classes - a difference that primarily reflected improvements in instrumentation and tagging technique. The rate of CWT loss after the marked fish were stocked was probably less than 1% per year. The CWT is a reliable method for marking hatchery-reared lake trout. A large number of experimental groups can be uniquely marked, and fish from each group can be accurately identified throughout their life. Use of this technique should greatly facilitate evaluations of genetic strain, hatchery experience, condition at time of stocking, season of stocking, size at stocking, method of stocking and other factors that affect poststocking survival and performance of lake trout stocked in the Great Lakes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1986)6<264:EOCWTF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Elrod, J.H., and Schneider, C.P., 1986, Evaluation of coded wire tags for marking lake trout: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 6, no. 2, p. 264-271, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)6<264:EOCWTF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"271","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133142,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fae27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elrod, Joseph H.","contributorId":72737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrod","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Clifford P.","contributorId":45251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014545,"text":"70014545 - 1986 - The geochemical behavior of aluminum in acidified surface waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-26T16:15:26.071593","indexId":"70014545","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemical behavior of aluminum in acidified surface waters","docAbstract":"

Speciation calculations for aluminum, in water samples taken from a drainage basin containing acid mine waters, demonstrate a distinct transition from conservative behavior for pH. below 4.6 to nonconservative behavior for pH. above 4.9. This transition corresponds to the pK for the first hydrolysis constant of the aqueous aluminum ion and appears to be a consistent phenomenon independent of field location, ionic strength, and sulfate concentration. Nonconservative behavior is closely correlated with the equilibrium solubility of a microcrystalline gibbsite or amorphous aluminum hydroxide.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.232.4746.54","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., and Ball, J., 1986, The geochemical behavior of aluminum in acidified surface waters: Science, v. 232, no. 4746, p. 54-56, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.232.4746.54.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"232","issue":"4746","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac45e4b08c986b3233a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70121279,"text":"70121279 - 1986 - Vigilance patterns of Bald Eagles feeding in groups","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T17:59:36","indexId":"70121279","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-01T14:18:26","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vigilance patterns of Bald Eagles feeding in groups","docAbstract":"

Patterns of vigilant behavior of wintering Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) feeding on spawned salmon were examined in 1983-1984 on the Nooksack River in north-western Washington. Vigilance in feeding birds has, in general, been attributed to predator detection; however, we proposed an additional function of vigilance in socially feeding birds that are vulnerable to food robbery and possible injury by conspecifics. We tested predictions of two nonexclusive hypotheses: (1) eagles look up while feeding to detect danger from humans, and (2) eagles look up while feeding to detect pirating attempts or avoid injury by conspecifics.

\n
\n

Results suggest that the function of vigilance varies, depending on the size of the feeding group. Vigilance patterns of eagles feeding in small groups (1-4 eagles) and medium groups (5-7) eagles are consistent with hypothesis 1, whereas those of eagles feeding in large groups (8-14 eagles) are consistent with hypothesis 2. Eagles in small groups were more vigilant (measured as scanning time and rate of head raising) when feeding near potential danger (riverbank cover) than when far from danger. Adult eagles feeding in areas of intense human activity were more vigilant than immatures feeding at the same site and were more vigilant than both adults and immatures feeding at secluded sites. Vigilance declined as group size increased from 1 to 4 eagles, and increased as group size ranged from 8 to 14 eagles. Feedings eagles that were looking up at the time of a pirating attempt were more successful in keeping their food than eagles with their heads down. In feeding areas where human activity was minimal, eagles formed larger groups than at a more disturbed site.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Knight, S.K., and Knight, R., 1986, Vigilance patterns of Bald Eagles feeding in groups: The Auk, v. 103, no. 2, p. 263-272.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"272","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341250,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4087078 "}],"volume":"103","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b65ae4b09d12e0e8e715","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, Susan K.","contributorId":22699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, Richard L.","contributorId":46014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Richard L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70121261,"text":"70121261 - 1986 - Cavity-nesting birds and the cavity-tree resource in plains cottonwood bottomlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T13:49:43","indexId":"70121261","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-01T13:44:13","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cavity-nesting birds and the cavity-tree resource in plains cottonwood bottomlands","docAbstract":"Densities of, and potential nesting substrates for, cavity-nesting birds were examined in a mature plains cottonwood (Populus sargentii) community in northeastern Colorado. Although snag (dead tree) densities were low (0.66/ha), the cavity-nesting guild included 7 species with densities ≤ 463 birds/100 ha. This finding suggests that cavity nesters are not limited by snag densities. Most (94.2%) of the nest substrate for cavity-nesting birds was provided by live trees with large, dead limbs (≥ 10 cm in diam). Both total dead limb length and the number of trees with dead limbs were highly correlated (P < 0.001) with the number of cavities excavated. Large trees (>55 cm in diam at breast ht [dbh]) and dead limbs 15-30 cm in diameter were preferred for cavity excavation. Because snags were a minor component of potential nest substrate, snag management may not be a useful concept for cavity-nesting birds in cottonwood bottomlands, and snag retention aspects of habitat models would be relatively unimportant for this forest type. Live-tree management is recommended.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2307/3801906","usgsCitation":"Sedgwick, J., and Knopf, F., 1986, Cavity-nesting birds and the cavity-tree resource in plains cottonwood bottomlands: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 2, p. 247-252, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801906.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292661,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3801906"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b64be4b09d12e0e8e663","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedgwick, James A.","contributorId":55350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedgwick","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":30549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199729,"text":"70199729 - 1986 - Comparison of four artificial substrates and the Ponar grab for benthic invertebrate collection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T12:56:14","indexId":"70199729","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-01T12:55:44","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of four artificial substrates and the Ponar grab for benthic invertebrate collection","docAbstract":"

Four different bottom‐placed artificial substrates were compared with the Ponar grab for collecting benthic invertebrates. Artificial substrate samples of organisms were larger and more diverse than those of the grab. Barbeque Basket samplers caught the most taxa and individuals and Beak Trays caught the least. Chironomids and crustaceans were dominant in artificial substrate samples. Exposure habitat (left or right bank) determined taxa availability, whereas sampler design determined suitability for colonization by the taxa. Diversity for Beak Tray samples was lower than that for other artificial substrates but higher than for Ponar samples. The Barbeque Basket, Bull Basket, and Multiple Plate samples were taxonomically similar. Ponar samples were different, and Beak Trays were of intermediate similarity. As qualitative samplers, Barbeque Baskets were 63 percent efficient, followed by Bull Baskets (55 percent), Multiple Plates (48 percent), Beak Trays (38 percent), and Ponar Grabs (6–10 percent). Bull Baskets required the least and Beak Trays the most replicates to be within a preselected percentage error of the mean at the 95 percent probability level for numbers of taxa and individuals, and for diversity. Under conditions of the study, Bull Baskets ranked highest, followed by Barbeque Baskets and Multiple Plates, in selected performance criteria. Differences between grab and artificial substrate samples are explainable in terms of major riverine habitats and characteristics of the collection methods.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01880.x","usgsCitation":"Slack, K.V., Ferreira, R.F., and Averett, R.C., 1986, Comparison of four artificial substrates and the Ponar grab for benthic invertebrate collection: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 22, no. 2, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01880.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, Keith V.","contributorId":47781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferreira, Rodger F.","contributorId":13976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"Rodger","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Averett, Robert C.","contributorId":27500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222157,"text":"5222157 - 1986 - Parasitization of meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus (ORD), by American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), and adult tick movement during high host density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T14:45:31.572422","indexId":"5222157","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-01T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2253,"text":"Journal of Entomological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Parasitization of meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus (ORD), by American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), and adult tick movement during high host density","title":"Parasitization of meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus (ORD), by American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), and adult tick movement during high host density","docAbstract":"

The numbers of host-seeking adult American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), in a sweet gum field in Maryland reflected changes in the population density of a host species, the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord), which within 1.5 yr fell from an estimated 157 to 8 voles on a 0.8 ha grid. During high vole density, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in tick burdens between sexes on an annual basis. Juvenile and subadult voles (< 33 g) harbored significantly fewer D. variabilis larvae and nymphs than did mature voles (> 33 g) on an annual basis. However, during periods of both peak host-seeking activity by D. variabilis larvae and nymphs and high host density nearly all the voles examined were infested. There was no evidence of a relationship between weight of adult voles and likelihood of parasitization by D. variabilis during months of moderate tick host-seeking activity. Of 163 adult D. variabilis recaptured ≥ one week after marking, 86 (52.7%) had moved > 3.8 m, 59 (36.2%) > 5.3 m.

","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.18474/0749-8004-21.2.102","usgsCitation":"Carroll, J.F., and Nichols, J., 1986, Parasitization of meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus (ORD), by American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), and adult tick movement during high host density: Journal of Entomological Science, v. 21, no. 2, p. 102-113, https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-21.2.102.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"102","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199571,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a88ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carroll, J. F.","contributorId":90404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carroll","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}