Chloride and nitrate were coinjected into the surface waters of a third—order stream for 20 d to examine solute retention, and the fate of nitrate during subsurface transport. A series of wells (shallow pits) 0.5—10 m from the adjacent channel were sampled to estimate the lateral interflow of water. Two subsurface return flows beneath the wetted channel were also examined. The conservative tracer (chloride) was hydrologically transported to all wells. Stream water was >88% of flow in wells <4 m from the wetted channel. The lowest percentage of stream water was 47% at a well 10 m perpendicular to the stream. Retention of solutes was greater in the hyporheic zone than in the channel under summer low—flow conditions. Nominal travel time (the interval required for chloride concentration to reach 50% of the plateau concentration) was variable by well location, indicating different flow paths and presumably permeability differences in subsurface gravels. Nominal travel time was M 24 h for wells <5 m from the wetted channel. Coinjected nitrate was not conservative. Two wells were significantly (P < .05) higher in nitrate—N than would be predicted from chloride, while four were significantly lower. Wells 2.0—4.0 m from the wetted channel tended to have higher nitrate concentration than predicted, whereas nitrate sink locations tended to have transport distances >4.3 m. The capacity of the hyporheic zone for transient solute storage and as potential biological habitat varies with channel morphology, bed roughness, and permeability. A conceptual model that considers the groundwater—stream water interface as the fluvial boundary is proposed. Emerging paradigms of the riverine network should consider the hyporheic zone and associated nutrient cycling as an integral component of fluvial structure and function.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1938120","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Triska, F., Kennedy, V.C., Avanzino, R., Zellweger, G.W., and Bencala, K., 1989, Retention and transport of nutrients in a third-order stream in northwestern California; hyporheic processes: Ecology, v. 70, no. 6, p. 1893-1905, https://doi.org/10.2307/1938120.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1893","endPage":"1905","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac04e4b0c8380cd86aeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, V. C.","contributorId":46080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avanzino, R.J.","contributorId":37336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zellweger, G. W.","contributorId":55445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70015392,"text":"70015392 - 1989 - Simultaneous determination of major and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry/optical emission spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:48:33","indexId":"70015392","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simultaneous determination of major and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry/optical emission spectrometry","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac00182a035","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Garbarino, J.R., Taylor, H.E., and Batie, W., 1989, Simultaneous determination of major and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry/optical emission spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 61, no. 7, p. 793-796, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00182a035.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"796","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90d1e4b08c986b319685","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garbarino, John R. jrgarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"John","email":"jrgarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Batie, W.C.","contributorId":73342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batie","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015393,"text":"70015393 - 1989 - Structural marsh management research priorities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:55","indexId":"70015393","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Structural marsh management research priorities","docAbstract":"The paper presents a prioritized list of research issues related to structural marsh management developed by a multidisciplinary panel of regulatory agency representatives, landowners, and scientists. More than 75 issues were identified concerning landscape changes, influence on ecological processes (i.e., hydrologic, biologic, and edaphic factors), habitat quality, cumulative impacts, and management approach. These issues were prioritized and organized around six basic questions regulatory personnel must try to answer for each marsh management plan application. The six questions deal with the influence of marsh management on, in order of most immediate need, marsh loss and health, fisheries, wildlife, habitat change, water quality, and cumulative effects.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Coastal Zone '89: Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Costal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"11 July 1989 through 14 July 1989","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Cahoon, D.R., and Groat, C.G., 1989, Structural marsh management research priorities, in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, v. 1, no. pt1, Charleston, SC, USA, 11 July 1989 through 14 July 1989.","startPage":"382","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"pt1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bfbe4b08c986b31d1df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groat, Charles G.","contributorId":99705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groat","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015397,"text":"70015397 - 1989 - Removing volatile contaminants from the unsaturated zone by inducing advective air-phase transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T16:32:58","indexId":"70015397","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Removing volatile contaminants from the unsaturated zone by inducing advective air-phase transport","docAbstract":"Organic liquids inadvertently spilled and then distributed in the unsaturated zone can pose a long-term threat to ground water. Many of these substances have significant volatility, and thereby establish a premise for contaminant removal from the unsaturated zone by inducing advective air-phase transport with wells screened in the unsaturated zone. In order to focus attention on the rates of mass transfer from liquid to vapour phases, sand columns were partially saturated with gasoline and vented under steady air-flow conditions. The ability of an equilibrium-based transport model to predict the hydrocarbon vapor flux from the columns implies an efficient rate of local phase transfer for reasonably high air-phase velocities. Thus the success of venting remediations will depend primarily on the ability to induce an air-flow field in a heterogeneous unsaturated zone that will intersect the distributed contaminant. To analyze this aspect of the technique, a mathematical model was developed to predict radially symmetric air flow induced by venting from a single well. This model allows for in-situ determinations of air-phase permeability, which is the fundamental design parameter, and for the analysis of the limitations of a single well design. A successful application of the technique at a site once contaminated by gasoline supports the optimism derived from the experimental and modeliing phases of this study, and illustrates the well construction and field methods used to document the volatile contaminant recovery.
A late Quaternary paleolimnological history from the Mexican highlands has been obtained by diatom analysis of short cores and stratigraphic sections of lake and marsh sediments from the Cuenca de México, the large, endorheic, graben basin that holds Mexico City. The records, dated by radiocarbon and tephrochronologic methods, extend back to about 30 ka BP and document the presence of extensive, saline lakes in the basin until 25 ka BP. Thereafter, lake levels fell and marginal sites became shallow and fresh under the influence of surficial drainage and (especially) spring discharge. A shallow, saline lake existed 18 ka BP in Texcoco, the central and lowest basin in the system, reflecting moderately increased effective moisture at that time. By 16 ka BP, Lake Texcoco had become so shallow that diatoms were no longer preserved. However, marginal sites nourished by spring flow recorded changes in the local hydrologic balance resulting from increased infiltration at higher elevations. These changes appear to coincide with glacial advances between about 14 and 10 ka BP on the volcanic mountains surrounding the basin. Dry climates with reduced infiltration characterized the early Holocene, but by 5 ka BP a modest increase in precipitation established the modern climatic regime.
\nThese lacustrine records offer important insights for evaluating the paleoenvironmental history of the Cuenca de México based on other evidence. They confirm glaciological, stratigraphic and palynologic data that suggest dry climates and the absence of large pluvial lakes in the Cuenca de México during and after the full glacial, but document climates of significantly increased precipitation at least 10 ka prior to 18 ka BP.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0277-3791(89)90022-X","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Bradbury, J., 1989, Late Quaternary lacustrine paleoenvironments in the Cuenca de México: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 8, no. 1, p. 75-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(89)90022-X.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a452ee4b0c8380cd670cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015428,"text":"70015428 - 1989 - Problems of snowmelt runoff modelling for a variety of physiographic and climatic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T16:18:34.318727","indexId":"70015428","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Problems of snowmelt runoff modelling for a variety of physiographic and climatic conditions","docAbstract":"Problems include: a) definition of the spatial and temporal distribution of model input; b) measurement or estimation of snow accumulation, snowmelt, and runoff process parameters for a range of applications and scales; and c) development of accurate short term and long term snowmelt runoff forecasts. Procedures being investigated to solve these problems include: a) integrating conventional and remote-sensing data to improve estimates of input data; b) developing snowmelt process algorithms which have parameters that are closely related to measurable basin and climatic characteristics; and c) updating model paramters and components using measured data or knowledge of past uncertainty. -from Author","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626668909491371","usgsCitation":"Leavesley, G., 1989, Problems of snowmelt runoff modelling for a variety of physiographic and climatic conditions: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 34, no. 6, p. 617-634, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626668909491371.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479898,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626668909491371","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ce2e4b0c8380cd7e93c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015446,"text":"70015446 - 1989 - Reactive iron transport in an acidic mountain stream in Summit County, Colorado: A hydrologic perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-11T16:21:10.387641","indexId":"70015446","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reactive iron transport in an acidic mountain stream in Summit County, Colorado: A hydrologic perspective","docAbstract":"A pH perturbation experiment was conducted in an acidic, metal-enriched, mountain stream to identify relative rates of chemical and hydrologic processes as they influence iron transport. During the experiment the pH was lowered from 4.2 to 3.2 for three hours by injection of sulfuric acid. Amorphous iron oxides are abundant on the streambed, and dissolution and photoreduction reactions resulted in a rapid increase in the dissolved iron concentration. The increase occurred simultaneously with the decrease in pH. Ferrous iron was the major aqueous iron species. The changes in the iron concentration during the experiment indicate that variation exists in the solubility properties of the hydrous iron oxides on the streambed with dissolution of at least two compartments of hydrous iron oxides contributing to the iron pulse. Spatial variations of the hydrologic properties along the stream were quantified by simulating the transport of a coinjected tracer, lithium. A simulation of iron transport, as a conservative solute, indicated that hydrologie transport had a significant role in determining downstream changes in the iron pulse. The rapidity of the changes in iron concentration indicates that a model based on dynamic equilibrium may be adequate for simulating iron transport in acid streams. A major challenge for predictive solute transport models of geochemical processes may be due to substantial spatial and seasonal variations in chemical properties of the reactive hydrous oxides in such streams, and in the physical and hydrologic properties of the stream.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(89)90346-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., and Bencala, K., 1989, Reactive iron transport in an acidic mountain stream in Summit County, Colorado: A hydrologic perspective: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 53, no. 9, p. 2225-2234, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90346-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2225","endPage":"2234","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224152,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9584e4b0c8380cd81a78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":370956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015459,"text":"70015459 - 1989 - Organic markers as source discriminants and sediment transport indicators in south San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:36:25","indexId":"70015459","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic markers as source discriminants and sediment transport indicators in south San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Sediment samples from nearshore sites in south San Francisco Bay and from streams flowing into that section of the Bay have been characterized in terms of their content of biogenic and anthropogenic molecular marker compounds. The distributions, input sources, and applicability of these compounds in determining sediment movement are discussed. By means of inspection and multivariate analysis, the compounds were grouped according to probable input sources and the sampling stations according to the relative importance of source contributions. A suite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) dominated by pyrene, fluoranthene and phenanthrene, typical of estuarine environments worldwide, and suites of mature sterane and hopane biomarkers were found to be most suitable as background markers for the Bay. A homologous series of long-chain n-aldehydes (C12-C32) with a strong even-over-odd carbon number dominance in the higher molecular weight range and the ubiquitous n-alkanes (n-C24-C34) with a strong odd-over-even carbon number dominance were utilized as terrigenous markers. Several ratios of these terrigenous and Bay markers were calculated for each station. These ratios and the statistical indicators from the multivariate analysis point toward a strong terrigenous signal in the terminus of South Bay and indicate net directional movement of recently introduced sediment where nontidal currents had been considered to be minimal or nonexistent and tidal currents had been assumed to be dominant.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(89)90238-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hostettler, F., Rapp, J.B., Kvenvolden, K., and Samuel, N.L., 1989, Organic markers as source discriminants and sediment transport indicators in south San Francisco Bay, California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 53, no. 7, p. 1563-1576, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90238-X.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1563","endPage":"1576","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.057861328125,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 38.285624966683756\n ],\n [\n -123.057861328125,\n 38.285624966683756\n ],\n [\n -123.057861328125,\n 37.3002752813443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fc4e4b0c8380cd75c62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostettler, F. D.","contributorId":99563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rapp, J. B.","contributorId":28987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samuel, N L.","contributorId":107436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"N","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015479,"text":"70015479 - 1989 - Hydrologic effects of climate change in the Delaware River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:21:51","indexId":"70015479","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic effects of climate change in the Delaware River basin","docAbstract":"The Thornthwaite water balance and combinations of temperature and precipitation changes representing climate change were used to estimate changes in seasonal soil-moisture and runoff in the Delaware River basin. Winter warming may cause a greater proportion of precipitation in the northern part of the basin to fall as rain, which may increase winter runoff and decrease spring and summer runoff. Estimates of total annual runoff indicate that a 5 percent increase in precipitation would be needed to counteract runoff decreases resulting from a warming of 2??C; a 15 percent increase for a warming of 4??C. A warming of 2?? to 4??C, without precipitation increases, may cause a 9 to 25 percent decrease in runoff. The general circulation model derived changes in annual runoff ranged from -39 to +9 percent. Results generally agree with those obtained in studies elsewhere. The changes in runoff agree in direction but differ in magnitude. Additional aspects of the subject are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb01335.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Ayers, M.A., 1989, Hydrologic effects of climate change in the Delaware River basin: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 25, no. 6, p. 1231-1242, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb01335.x.","startPage":"1231","endPage":"1242","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267744,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb01335.x"},{"id":223825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267743,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"ftp://brrftp.cr.usgs.gov/pub/george/wb_mccabe-ayers.pdf"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3613e4b0c8380cd6040e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015499,"text":"70015499 - 1989 - Statistical frequency analysis of flood records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015499","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Statistical frequency analysis of flood records","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, like other Federal agencies, uses Hydrology Subcommittee Bulletin 17 for guidance in statistical frequency analysis of flood records. This paper describes the formal statistical and computational aspects of the Bulletin 17 methodology. The methodology includes provisions for dealing with high and low out-liers, historic peaks, and other anomalous flood data. If these options are inadequate, alternative procedures may be used if properly documented.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Kirby, W., 1989, Statistical frequency analysis of flood records, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 366-371.","startPage":"366","endPage":"371","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b972de4b08c986b31b91b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, W.","contributorId":38605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015515,"text":"70015515 - 1989 - Transport of microspheres and indigenous bacteria through a sandy aquifer: Results of natural- and forced-gradient tracer experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T11:07:47","indexId":"70015515","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of microspheres and indigenous bacteria through a sandy aquifer: Results of natural- and forced-gradient tracer experiments","docAbstract":"Transport of indigenous bacteria through sandy aquifer sediments was investigated in forced- and natural-gradient tracer teste. A diverse population of bacteria was collected and concentrated from groundwater at the site, stained with a DNA-specific fluorochrome, and injected back into the aquifer. Included with the injectate were a conservative tracer (Br- or Cl-) and bacteria-sized (0.2-1.3-??m) microspheres having carboxylated, carbonyl, or neutral surfaces. Transport of stained bacteria and all types and size classes of microspheres was evident. In the natural-gradient test, both surface characteristics and size of microspheres affected attenuation. Surface characteristics had the greatest effect upon retardation. Peak break-through of DAPI-stained bacteria (forced-gradient experiment) occurred well in advance of bromide at the more distal sampler. Transport behavior of bacteria was substantially different from that of carboxylated microspheres of comparable size.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00178a005","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R., George, L., Smith, R.L., and LeBlanc, D., 1989, Transport of microspheres and indigenous bacteria through a sandy aquifer: Results of natural- and forced-gradient tracer experiments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 23, no. 1, p. 51-56, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00178a005.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb752e4b08c986b3271c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, L.H.","contributorId":97256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.R.","contributorId":87141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015516,"text":"70015516 - 1989 - Geohydrology of the Laura fresh-water lens, Majuro atoll: A hydrogeochemical approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T13:05:20.579681","indexId":"70015516","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geohydrology of the Laura fresh-water lens, Majuro atoll: A hydrogeochemical approach","docAbstract":"In small limestone islands, the depositional history and subsequent chemical interactions between ground water and the aquifer host rock play critical roles in the occurrence, movement, and chemical quality of ground water. The hydrogeochemistry of the Laura fresh-water lens, Majuro atoll, Marshall Islands, is an example of these relations.
Laura is underlain by two principal hydrologic units. The upper unit is a back-reef-marginal-lagoonal deposit which formed during the Holocene interglacial stage. It is composed of moderately permeable carbonate sediments. The lower hydrologic unit consists of highly permeable limestone that was subaerially exposed, most likely during a Pleistocene glacial lowstand. Similar stratification is found at Bikini and Enewetak atolls.
The upper hydrologic unit contains a calcium bicarbonate-rich fresh-water lens, in which a potable fresh-water nucleus as much as 14 m thick occurs on the lagoon side of the island. Storage in the fresh-water nucleus ranged from 1.70 x 106 to 2.08 x 106 m3 during 1984-1985. Ground-water occurrence and flow are governed by an asymmetric distribution of lithofacies about the longitudinal axis of the island and an abrupt increase in permeability at the contact between the upper and lower hydrologic units. The highly permeable lower hydrologic unit contains sea water and truncates the fresh-water-sea-water mixing zone.
The fresh-water lens and associated fresh-water-sea-water mixing zone are the site of continuously occurring diagenetic reactions that significantly affect the porosity and permeability of the aquifer. Non-equilibrium dissolution-precipitation reactions, coupled with variations in CO2 input, control the chemical evolution of Laura ground water. At the present rate of chemical weathering, 465 m3 of sediment are being dissolved and transported to the sea by ground water each year. This dissolution results in an annual increase in porosity of 0.01%.
The primary factors controlling the occurrence and flow of ground water in the leeward reef islet of Laura are (1) the depositional history of the upper hydrologic unit, which has resulted in a greater accumulation of low-permeability (fine-grained) sediments beneath the lagoon side of the island and a high- to low-permeability (coarse-to fine-grained sediment) gradation between the ocean and lagoon; and (2) the diagenetic history of the lower hydrologic unit, which has resulted in a highly permeable basement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<1066:GOTLFW>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Anthony, S.S., Peterson, F., MacKenzie, F., and Hamlin, S.N., 1989, Geohydrology of the Laura fresh-water lens, Majuro atoll: A hydrogeochemical approach: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, no. 8, p. 1066-1075, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<1066:GOTLFW>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1066","endPage":"1075","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224426,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1827e4b0c8380cd556b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, S. S.","contributorId":89173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, F.L.","contributorId":14123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKenzie, F.T.","contributorId":25681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamlin, S. N.","contributorId":46560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015517,"text":"70015517 - 1989 - Calorimetry of heterogeneous systems: H+ binding to TiO2 in NaCl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T11:10:38","indexId":"70015517","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3595,"text":"Thermochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calorimetry of heterogeneous systems: H+ binding to TiO2 in NaCl","docAbstract":"A simultaneous calorimetric and potentiometric technique has been developed for measuring the thermodynamics of proton binding to mineral oxides in the presence of a supporting electrolyte. Modifications made to a commercial titration calorimeter to add a combination pH electrode and maintain an inert atmosphere in the calorimeter reaction vessel are described. A procedure to calibrate potentiometric measurements in heterogeneous systems to correct for the suspension effect on pH is given.
The enthalpy change for proton dissociation from TiO2 in aqueous suspension as a function of pH is reported for 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 M NaCl. The enthalpy change for proton dissociation is endothermic, ranging from 10.5 ± 3.8 to 45.0 ± 3.8 kJ mol−1 over the pH range from 4 to 10.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-6031(89)87125-4","issn":"00406031","usgsCitation":"Mehr, S., Eatough, D., Hansen, L., Lewis, E., and Davis, J., 1989, Calorimetry of heterogeneous systems: H+ binding to TiO2 in NaCl: Thermochimica Acta, v. 154, no. 1, p. 129-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(89)87125-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f329e4b0c8380cd4b624","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehr, S.R.","contributorId":45581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehr","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eatough, D.J.","contributorId":93341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eatough","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, L.D.","contributorId":69421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, E.A.","contributorId":88615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70015539,"text":"70015539 - 1989 - Use of on-site high performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the magnitude and extent of organic contaminants in aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T18:28:28","indexId":"70015539","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1863,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of on-site high performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the magnitude and extent of organic contaminants in aquifers","docAbstract":"Appraisal of ground water contaminated by organic substances raises problems of difficult sample collection and timely chemical analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography was evaluated for on-site determination of specific organic contaminants in ground water samples and was used at three study sites. Organic solutes were determined directly in water samples, with little or no preparation, and usually in less than an hour after collection. This information improved sampling efficiency and was useful in screening for subsequent laboratory analysis. On two occasions, on-site analysis revealed that samples were undergoing rapid change, with major solutes being upgraded and alteration products being formed. In addition to sample stability, this technique proved valuable for monitoring other sampling factors such as compositional changes with respect to pumping, filtration, and cross contamination. -Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01146.x","issn":"02771926","usgsCitation":"Goerlitz, D., and Franks, B., 1989, Use of on-site high performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the magnitude and extent of organic contaminants in aquifers: Ground Water Monitoring Review, v. 9, no. 2, p. 122-129, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01146.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf50e4b08c986b329aa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goerlitz, D.F.","contributorId":8445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goerlitz","given":"D.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franks, B.J.","contributorId":107739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franks","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015544,"text":"70015544 - 1989 - Predictors of the peak width for networks with exponential links","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015544","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3479,"text":"Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictors of the peak width for networks with exponential links","docAbstract":"We investigate optimal predictors of the peak (S) and distance to peak (T) of the width function of drainage networks under the assumption that the networks are topologically random with independent and exponentially distributed link lengths. Analytical results are derived using the fact that, under these assumptions, the width function is a homogeneous Markov birth-death process. In particular, exact expressions are derived for the asymptotic conditional expectations of S and T given network magnitude N and given mainstream length H. In addition, a simulation study is performed to examine various predictors of S and T, including N, H, and basin morphometric properties; non-asymptotic conditional expectations and variances are estimated. The best single predictor of S is N, of T is H, and of the scaled peak (S divided by the area under the width function) is H. Finally, expressions tested on a set of drainage basins from the state of Wyoming perform reasonably well in predicting S and T despite probable violations of the original assumptions. ?? 1989 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01543424","issn":"09311955","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B., and Karlinger, M., 1989, Predictors of the peak width for networks with exponential links: Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics, v. 3, no. 1, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01543424.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205444,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01543424"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8209e4b0c8380cd7b877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015561,"text":"70015561 - 1989 - Preliminary evaluations of regional ground-water quality in relation to land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:20:35","indexId":"70015561","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary evaluations of regional ground-water quality in relation to land use","docAbstract":"Preliminary results from New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Florida, Nebraska, and Colorado indicate that regional ground-water quality has been affected by human activities. The frequencies of detection of volatile organic compounds and some trace elements were larger in ground water underlying urban or industrial areas in comparison to undeveloped areas. Ground water in agricultural areas generally had larger concentrations of nitrate and an increased frequency of detection of pesticides. Effects of human activities on water quality increased as the intensity of urbanization or irrigation increased. Ground-water pumpage, waste-water discharges into a stream that is hydraulically connected to an alluvial aquifer, and consumptive use of ground water affected the ground-water quality in one study area to a greater extent than land-use practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1989.tb00444.x","usgsCitation":"Cain, D., Helsel, D., and Ragone, S., 1989, Preliminary evaluations of regional ground-water quality in relation to land use: Ground Water, v. 27, no. 2, p. 230-244, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1989.tb00444.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a841be4b0c8380cd7c2de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, D.","contributorId":31912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helsel, D.R.","contributorId":57448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":371228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ragone, S.E.","contributorId":10425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragone","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015599,"text":"70015599 - 1989 - Basin-scale relations via conditioning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015599","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3479,"text":"Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basin-scale relations via conditioning","docAbstract":"A rainfall-runoff model is used in conjunction with a probabilistic description of the input to this model to obtain simple regression-like relations for basin runoff in terms of basin and storm characteristics. These relations, similar to those sought in regionalization studies, are computed by evaluating the conditional distribution of model output given basin and storm characteristics. This method of conditioning provides a general way of examining model sensitivity to various components of model input. The resulting relations may be expected to resemble corresponding relations obtained by regionalization using actual runoff to the extent that the rainfall-runoff model and the model input specification are physically realistic. The probabilistic description of model input is an extension of so-called \"random-model\" of channel networks and involves postulating an ensemble of basins and associated probability distributions that mimic the variability of basin characteristics seen in nature. Application is made to small basins in the State of Wyoming. Parameters of the input variable distribution are estimated using data from Wyoming, and basin-scale relations are estimated both, parametrically and nonparametrically using model-generated runoff from simulated basins. Resulting basin-scale relations involving annual flood quantiles are in reasonable agreement with those presented in a previous regionalization study, but error estimates are smaller than those in the previous study, an artifact of the simplicity of the rainfall-runoff model used in this paper. We also obtain relations for peak of the instantaneous unit hydrograph which agree fairly well with theoretical relations given in the literature. Finally, we explore the issues of sensitivity of basin-scale, relations and error estimates to parameterization of the model input probability distribution and of how this sensitivity is related to making inferences about a particular ungaged basin. ?? 1989 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01544076","issn":"09311955","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B., Karlinger, M., and Guertin, D., 1989, Basin-scale relations via conditioning: Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics, v. 3, no. 2, p. 111-133, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01544076.","startPage":"111","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544076"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eff0e4b0c8380cd4a519","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guertin, D.P.","contributorId":36264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015600,"text":"70015600 - 1989 - Chemical hydrogeology in natural and contaminated environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T11:15:58","indexId":"70015600","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical hydrogeology in natural and contaminated environments","docAbstract":"Chemical hydrogeology, including organic and inorganic aspects, has contributed to an increased understanding of groundwater flow systems, geologic processes, and stressed environments. Most of the basic principles of inorganic-chemical hydrogeology were first established by investigations of organic-free, regional-scale systems for which simplifying assumptions could be made. The problems of groundwater contamination are causing a shift of emphasis to microscale systems that are dominated by organic-chemical reactions and that are providing an impetus for the study of naturally occurring and manmade organic material. Along with the decrease in scale, physical and chemical heterogeneity become major controls. Current investigations and those selected from the literature demonstrate that heterogeneity increases in importance as the study site decreases from regional-scale to macroscale to microscale. Increased understanding of regional-scale flow systems is demonstrated by selection of investigations of carbonate and volcanic aquifers to show how applications of present-day concepts and techniques can identify controlling chemical reactions and determine their rates; identify groundwater flow paths and determine flow velocity; and determine aquifer characteristics. The role of chemical hydrogeology in understanding geologic processes of macroscale systems is exemplified by selection of investigations in coastal aquifers. Phenomena associated with the mixing zone generated by encroaching sea water include an increase in heterogeneity of permeability, diagenesis of minerals, and formation of geomorphic features, such as caves, lagoons, and bays. Ore deposits of manganese and uranium, along with a simulation model of ore-forming fluids, demonstrate the influence of heterogeneity and of organic compounds on geochemical reactions associated with genesis of mineral deposits. In microscale environments, importance of heterogeneity and consequences of organic reactions in determining the distribution and concentrations cf. constituents are provided by several studies, including infiltration of sewage effluent and migration of creosote in coastal plain aquifers. These studies show that heterogeneity and the dominance of organically controlled reactions greatly increase the complexity of investigations.Current investigations and those selected from the literature demonstrate that heterogeneity increases in importance as the study site decreases from regional-scale to macroscale to microscale. Increased understanding of regional-scale flow systems is demonstrated by selection of investigations of carbonate and volcanic aquifers to show how application of present-day concepts and techniques can identify controlling chemical reactions and determine their rates; identify groundwater flow paths and determine flow velocity; and determine aquifer characteristics. The role of chemical hydrogeology in understanding geologic processes of macroscale systems is exemplified by selection of investigations in coastal aquifers. Ore deposits of manganese and uranium, along with a simulation model of ore-forming fluids, demonstrate the influence of heterogeneity and of organic compounds on geochemical reactions associated with genesis of mineral deposits. In microscale environments, importance of heterogeneity is illustrated by studies of infiltration of sewage effluent and migration of creosote in coastal plain aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(89)90164-9","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Back, W., and Baedecker, M., 1989, Chemical hydrogeology in natural and contaminated environments: Journal of Hydrology, v. 106, no. 1-2, p. 1-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(89)90164-9.","productDescription":"28 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f57de4b0c8380cd4c264","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baedecker, M.J.","contributorId":42702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015608,"text":"70015608 - 1989 - A comparison of instrumental dewatering methods for the separation and concentration of suspended sediment for subsequent trace element analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-28T00:19:37.932914","indexId":"70015608","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of instrumental dewatering methods for the separation and concentration of suspended sediment for subsequent trace element analysis","docAbstract":"A comparison involving both field and laboratory trials was performed to evaluate the utility of two continuous-flow centrifuges and a tangential-flow filtration system for dewatering suspended sediments for subsequent trace element analysis. Although recovery efficiencies for the various devices differ, the analytical results from the separated suspended sediments indicate that any of the tested units can be used effectively and precisely for dewatering. Further, the three devices appear to concentrate and dewater suspended sediments in such a manner as to be equivalent to that which could be obtained by in-line filtration. Only the tangential-flow filtration system appears capable of providing both a dewatered sediment sample and a potentially usable effluent, which can be analysed for dissolved trace elements.
The continuous-flow centrifuges can process whole water at an influent feed rate of 41 per minute; however, when suspended sediment concentrations are low (<30mg−1), when small volumes of whole water are to be processed (30 to 401), or when suspended sediment mean grain size is very fine (<10 μm), influent feed rates of 21 per minute may be more efficient. Tangential-flow filtration can be used to process samples at the rate of 11 per minute.
During 1983 and 1984, wet precipitation was primarily a solution of dilute sulphuric acid, whereas calcium and bicarbonate were the major ions in springs and ground water in two small watersheds with a deciduous forest cover in central Maryland. Dominant ions in soil water were calcium, magnesium, and sulphate. The relative importance of mineral weathering reactions on the chemical composition of these subsurface waters was compared to the contribution from wet precipitation, biological processes, and road deicing salts. Mineral reaction models, developed from geochemical mass-balance relationships, involved reactions of primary and secondary minerals in metabasalt and metarhyolite with hydrogen ion. Geochemical weathering reactions account for the majority of total ion equivalents in soil water (46 per cent), springs (51 per cent), and ground water (68 to 77 per cent). The net contribution of total ion equivalents from biological processes was 20 and 16 per cent for soil water and springs, respectively, but less than 10 per cent for ground water. The contribution of total ion equivalents from deicing salts (10 to 20 per cent) was related to proximity to roads. Strong acids in precipitation contributed 44 per cent of the total amount of hydrogen ions involved in mineral-weathering reactions for ground water in contact with metarhyolite compared to 25 per cent for ground water in contact with metabasalt, a less resistant rock type to weathering.
Thermodynamic models of aqueous solutions have indicated that the mixing of seawater and calcite-saturated fresh groundwater can produce a water that is undersaturated with respect to calcite. Mixing of such waters in coastal carbonate aquifers could lead to significant amounts of limestone dissolution. The potential for such dissolution in coastal saltwater mixing zones is analyzed by coupling the results from a reaction simulation model (PHREEQE) with a variable density groundwater flow and solute transport model. Idealized cross sections of coastal carbonate aquifers are simulated to estimate the potential for calcite dissolution under a variety of hydrologic and geochemical conditions. Results show that limestone dissolution in mixing zones is strongly dependent on groundwater flux and nearly independent of the dissolution kinetics of calcite. The amount of dissolution varies within a mixing zone, depending on the properties, physical dimensions, and boundary conditions of the aquifer system. Nearly all of the dissolution occurs in the fresher side of the mixing zone, with the maximum dissolution occurring in water that is fresher than that predicted solely by geochemical reaction models. The greatest porosity and permeability development occur at the toe and at the top of the mixing zone. If permeability increases as porosity increases, asymmetry in the dissolution causes the mixing zone to migrate landward over time. Dissolution rates indicated by the model show that this mechanism can produce significant increases in porosity and permeability over time spans on the order of tens of thousands of years. Given the comparatively long span of geologic time, this process may be largely responsible for porosity and permeability development observed in those carbonate rocks through which a freshwater-saltwater mixing zone had at one time migrated.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i004p00655","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., and Konikow, L.F., 1989, Simulation of calcite dissolution and porosity changes in saltwater mixing zones in coastal aquifers: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 4, p. 655-667, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i004p00655.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"655","endPage":"667","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9015e4b08c986b3192f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":371373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":371372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015647,"text":"70015647 - 1989 - Trace metal associations in the water column of South San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:50:34","indexId":"70015647","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace metal associations in the water column of South San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Spatial distributions of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) were followed along a longitudinal gradient of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in South San Francisco Bay (herein referred to as the South Bay). Dissolved Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations ranged from 24 to 66 nM, from 20 to 107 nM and from 1·2 to 4·7 nM, respectively, in samples collected on five dates beginning with the spring phytoplankton bloom and continuing through summer,1985. Dissolved Cu and Zn concentrations varied indirectly with salinity and directly with DOC concentration which ranged from 2·1 to 4·1 mg l−1. Available thermodynamic data strongly support the hypothesis that Cu speciation may be dominated by association with dissolved organic matter. Analogous control of Zn speciation by organic complexation was, however, not indicated in our computations. Computed free ion activity estimates for Cu, Zn and Cd were of the order of 10−10, 10−8 and 10−10 M, respectively. The availability of these metals may be among the factors regulating the growth of certain phytoplankton species within this region of the estuary. In contrast to dissolved Cu, dissolved Cd was directly related to the concentration of suspended particulate matter, suggesting a source of dissolved Cd coincident with elevated particle concentrations in the South Bay (e.g. runoff and solute desorption). Consistent with work in other estuaries, partitioning of all three trace metals onto suspended particulates was negatively correlated with salinity and positively correlated with increases in particulate organic carbon associated with the phytoplankton bloom. These results for the South Bay indicate that sorption processes influence dissolved concentrations of these trace metals, the degree of this influence varies among metals, and processes controlling metal distribution in this estuary appear to be more element-specific than spatially- or temporally-specific.
The hydrologic response to development of three of the most heavily pumped sedimentary aquifer systems in the United States is similar in some aspects and different in others. In the semiarid West, an unconfined sand aquifer and a confined sand and clay aquifer system have been subjected to withdrawals that are far greater than predevelopment recharge rates. As a result, the aquifers have large losses of ground water from storage. In the humid East, pumpage from a carbonate aquifer system has resulted in induced recharge and diversion of natural discharge with insignificant loss from storage. However, the following responses to development are common in all three aquifer systems: (1) ground-water circulation has increased,
(2) rates of recharge have increased—mostly due to recirculation of pumped ground water, or infiltration of imported surface water used for irrigation in the semiarid West,
(3) locations of recharge areas have changed, and (4) natural discharge has decreased.
Regional water-level declines associated with ground- water development are inevitably accompanied by some combination of elastic compaction of aquifer material, inelastic compaction of fine-grained sediments and land subsidence, dewatering of aquifer material near pumping centers, and induced formation of sinkholes. The degree to which these changes occur is dependent on: (1) rates of pumping in relation to available recharge, and (2) lithology, specifically the proportion of sand, gravel, silt, clay, and carbonate rock that comprise the aquifer system.
Complex sample matrices of estuarine biota tissue and bed sediment extracts were analyzed for selected chlorinated compounds. By using gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry, the coeluting interferences present in gas chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometry were eliminated in the biota tissue and bed sediment extracts. The selected chlorinated compounds included chlorobenzene; 1,2‐, 1,3‐ and 1,4‐dichlorobenzene; 1,2,3‐, 1,2,4‐ and 1,3,5‐trichlorobenzene; 1,2,3,4‐, 1,2,3,5‐ and 1,2,4,5‐tetrachlorobenzene; pentachlorobenzene; hexachlorobenzene; hexachloro‐1,3‐butadiene; octachlorostyrene; and octachloronaphthalene. Daughter ion spectra for these compounds are included. The detection limit for most of the compounds was 20 pg, and the instrument response was linear over five orders of magnitude, by using 13C‐labelled hexachlorobenzene as the internal standard.