We combined data from the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey (AFBWS) and the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) to estimate the number of wood ducks (Aix sponsa) in the United States portion of the Atlantic Flyway from 1993 to 2013. The AFBWS is a plot-based survey that covers most of the northern and central portions of the Flyway; when analyzed with adjustments for survey time of day effects, these data can be used to estimate population size. The BBS provides an index of wood duck abundance along roadside routes. Although factors influencing change in BBS counts over time can be controlled in BBS analysis, BBS indices alone cannot be used to derive population size estimates. We used AFBWS data to scale BBS indices for Bird Conservation Regions (BCR), basing the scaling factors on the ratio of estimated AFBWS population sizes to regional BBS indices for portions of BCRs that were common to both surveys. We summed scaled BBS results for portions of the Flyway not covered by the AFBWS with AFBWS population estimates to estimate a mean yearly total of 1,295,875 (mean 95% CI: 1,013,940–1,727,922) wood ducks. Scaling factors varied among BCRs from 16.7 to 148.0; the mean scaling factor was 68.9 (mean 95% CI: 53.5–90.9). Flyway-wide, population estimates from the combined analysis were consistent with alternative estimates derived from harvest data, and also provide population estimates within states and BCRs. We recommend their use in harvest and habitat management within the Atlantic Flyway.
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The tool uses Quick Domenico Multi-scenario (QDM), a spreadsheet implementation of Domenico-based solute transport, to estimate concentrations of contaminants reaching receptors under steady-state conditions from a constant-strength source. Unlike most other available Domenico-based model applications, QDM calculates the time for down-gradient contaminant concentrations to approach steady state and appropriate dispersivity values, and allows for up to fifty simulations on a single spreadsheet. Sensitivity of QDM solutions to critical model parameters was quantified. The screening tool uses QDM results to categorize landfills as having high, moderate and low levels of concern, based on contaminant concentrations reaching receptors relative to regulatory concentrations. The application of this tool was demonstrated by assessing levels of concern (as defined by the New Jersey Pinelands Commission) for thirty closed, uncapped landfills in the New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve, using historic water-quality data from monitoring wells on and near landfills and hydraulic parameters from regional flow models. Twelve of these landfills are categorized as having high levels of concern, indicating a need for further assessment. This tool is not a replacement for conventional numerically-based transport model or other available Domenico-based applications, but is suitable for quickly assessing the level of concern posed by a landfill or other contaminant point source before expensive and lengthy monitoring or remediation measures are taken. In addition to quantifying the level of concern using historic groundwater-monitoring data, the tool allows for archiving model scenarios and adding refinements as new data become available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2015.04.009","usgsCitation":"Baker, R.J., Reilly, T.J., Lopez, A.R., Romanok, K., and Wengrowski, E.W., 2015, Screening tool to evaluate the vulnerability of down-gradient receptors to groundwater contaminants from uncapped landfills: Waste Management, v. 43, p. 363-375, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.04.009.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"375","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055964","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.04.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.84710693359375,\n 39.86758762451019\n ],\n [\n -74.65484619140625,\n 40.00026797264677\n ],\n [\n -74.46807861328125,\n 40.15578608609647\n ],\n [\n -74.2291259765625,\n 40.12639098502455\n ],\n [\n -74.190673828125,\n 40.02551125229785\n ],\n [\n -74.37469482421875,\n 39.66491373749131\n ],\n [\n -74.5697021484375,\n 39.38101803294523\n ],\n [\n -74.73724365234375,\n 39.16201148082406\n ],\n [\n -74.8443603515625,\n 39.07677595221322\n ],\n [\n -75.13275146484375,\n 39.2173592639196\n ],\n [\n -75.22064208984375,\n 39.25352462727606\n ],\n [\n -75.245361328125,\n 39.29392267616436\n ],\n [\n -75.33050537109375,\n 39.35766163717121\n ],\n [\n -75.333251953125,\n 39.41497702499074\n ],\n [\n -75.31402587890625,\n 39.52522954427751\n ],\n [\n -75.15472412109375,\n 39.65645604812829\n ],\n [\n -75.091552734375,\n 39.69662085337441\n ],\n [\n -74.84710693359375,\n 39.86758762451019\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb38e4b08400b1fdb724","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Ronald J. rbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Ronald","email":"rbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, Timothy J. 0000-0002-2939-3050 tjreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-3050","contributorId":1858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Timothy","email":"tjreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lopez, Anthony R.","contributorId":21471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romanok, Kristin M. kromanok@usgs.gov","contributorId":3771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanok","given":"Kristin M.","email":"kromanok@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wengrowski, Edward W","contributorId":145891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wengrowski","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":16285,"text":"New Jersey Pinelands Commission, New Lisbon, NJ, 08064","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156091,"text":"70156091 - 2015 - Water masses, ocean fronts, and the structure of Antarctic seabird communities: putting the eastern Bellingshausen Sea in perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T16:08:42.453927","indexId":"70156091","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water masses, ocean fronts, and the structure of Antarctic seabird communities: putting the eastern Bellingshausen Sea in perspective","docAbstract":"Waters off the western Antarctic Peninsula (i.e., the eastern Bellingshausen Sea) are unusually complex owing to the convergence of several major fronts. Determining the relative influence of fronts on occurrence patterns of top-trophic species in that area, therefore, has been challenging. In one of the few ocean-wide seabird data syntheses, in this case for the Southern Ocean, we analyzed ample, previously collected cruise data, Antarctic-wide, to determine seabird species assemblages and quantitative relationships to fronts as a way to provide context to the long-term Palmer LTER and the winter Southern Ocean GLOBEC studies in the eastern Bellingshausen Sea. Fronts investigated during both winter (April–September) and summer (October–March) were the southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), which separates the High Antarctic from the Low Antarctic water mass, and within which are embedded the marginal ice zone and Antarctic Shelf Break Front; and the Antarctic Polar Front, which separates the Low Antarctic and the Subantarctic water masses. We used clustering to determine species' groupings with water masses, and generalized additive models to relate species' densities, biomass and diversity to distance to respective fronts. Antarctic-wide, in both periods, highest seabird densities and lowest species diversity were found in the High Antarctic water mass. In the eastern Bellingshausen, seabird density in the High Antarctic water mass was lower (as low as half that of winter) than found in other Antarctic regions. During winter, Antarctic-wide, two significant species groups were evident: one dominated by Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) (High Antarctic water mass) and the other by petrels and prions (no differentiation among water masses); in eastern Bellingshausen waters during winter, the one significant species group was composed of species from both Antarctic-wide groups. In summer, Antarctic-wide, a High Antarctic group dominated by Adélie penguins, a Low Antarctic group dominated by petrels, and a Subantarctic group dominated by albatross were evident. In eastern Bellingshausen waters during summer, groups were inconsistent. With regard to frontal features, Antarctic-wide in winter, distance to the ice edge was an important explanatory factor for nine of 14 species, distance to the Antarctic Polar Front for six species and distance to the Shelf Break Front for six species; however, these Antarctic-wide models could not successfully predict spatial relationships of winter seabird density (individual species or total) and biomass in the eastern Bellingshausen. Antarctic-wide in summer, distance to land/Antarctic continent was important for 10 of 18 species, not a surprising result for these summer-time Antarctic breeders, as colonies are associated with ice-free areas of coastal land. Distance to the Shelf Break Front was important for 8 and distance to the southern boundary of the ACC was important for 7 species. These summer models were more successful in predicting eastern Bellingshausen species density and species diversity but failed to predict total seabird density or biomass. Antarctic seabirds appear to respond to fronts in a way similar to that observed along the well-studied upwelling front of the California Current. To understand fully the seabird patterns found in this synthesis, multi-disciplinary at-sea investigations, including a quantified prey field, are needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Science Direct","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.09.017","usgsCitation":"Ribic, C.A., Ainley, D.G., Ford, R.G., Fraser, W., Tynan, C.T., and Woehler, E.J., 2015, Water masses, ocean fronts, and the structure of Antarctic seabird communities: putting the eastern Bellingshausen Sea in perspective: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 58, no. 13-16, p. 1695-1709, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.09.017.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1695","endPage":"1709","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010170","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502621,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Water_masses_ocean_fronts_and_the_structure_of_Antarctic_seabird_communities_Putting_the_eastern_Bellingshausen_Sea_in_perspective/22890020","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Bellingshausen Sea, Southern Ocean, Western Antarctic Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n -76.16399261609192\n ],\n [\n -51.591796875,\n -76.16399261609192\n ],\n [\n -51.591796875,\n -56.218923189166624\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n -56.218923189166624\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n -76.16399261609192\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"13-16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45736e4b0518e3546950a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ribic, Christine A. caribic@usgs.gov","contributorId":831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ainley, David G.","contributorId":32039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ainley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":34154,"text":"Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ford, R. 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One such environment with preserved microbial biosignatures is the oxidized portion of a massive sulfide deposit, or gossan, such as that at Iron Mountain, California. This gossan may serve as a mineralogical analogue to some ancient martian environments due to the presence of oxidized iron and sulfate species, and minerals that only form in acidic aqueous conditions, in both environments. Evaluating the potential biogenicity of cryptic textures in such martian gossans requires an understanding of how microbial textures form biosignatures on Earth. The iron-oxide-dominated composition and morphology of terrestrial, nonbranching filamentous microbial biosignatures may be distinctive of the underlying formation and preservation processes. The Iron Mountain gossan consists primarily of ferric oxide (hematite), hydrous ferric oxide (HFO, predominantly goethite), and jarosite group minerals, categorized into in situ gossan, and remobilized iron deposits. We interpret HFO filaments, found in both gossan types, as HFO-mineralized microbial filaments based in part on (1) the presence of preserved central filament lumina in smooth HFO mineral filaments that are likely molds of microbial filaments, (2) mineral filament formation in actively precipitating iron-oxide environments, (3) high degrees of mineral filament bending consistent with a flexible microbial filament template, and (4) the presence of bare microbial filaments on gossan rocks. Individual HFO filaments are below the resolution of the Mars Curiosity and Mars 2020 rover cameras, but sinuous filaments forming macroscopic matlike textures are resolvable. If present on Mars, available cameras may resolve these features identified as similar to terrestrial HFO filaments and allow subsequent evaluation for their biogenicity by synthesizing geochemical, mineralogical, and morphological analyses. Sinuous biogenic filaments could be preserved on Mars in an iron-rich environment analogous to Iron Mountain, with the Pahrump Hills region and Hematite Ridge in Gale Crater astentative possibilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mary Ann Liebert Inc.","doi":"10.1089/ast.2014.1235","usgsCitation":"Williams, A.J., Sumner, D.Y., Alpers, C.N., Karunatillake, S., and Hofmann, B.A., 2015, Preserved filamentous microbial biosignatures in the Brick Flat gossan, Iron Mountain, California: Astrobiology, v. 15, no. 8, p. 637-668, https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2014.1235.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"637","endPage":"668","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060391","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471915,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2014.1235","text":"External Repository"},{"id":311840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Brick Flat Gossan, Iron Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.47009277343749,\n 38.4514377951069\n ],\n [\n -122.47009277343749,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -122.22908020019531,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -122.22908020019531,\n 38.4514377951069\n ],\n [\n -122.47009277343749,\n 38.4514377951069\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175dfe4b06a3ea36c56e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Amy J.","contributorId":138805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12532,"text":"Univ. of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sumner, Dawn Y.","contributorId":88997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karunatillake, Suniti","contributorId":40125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karunatillake","given":"Suniti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hofmann, Beda A","contributorId":150177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofmann","given":"Beda","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":17928,"text":"Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Bern, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70160743,"text":"70160743 - 2015 - The Penobscot River and environmental contaminants: Assessment of tribal exposure through sustenance lifeways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-09T13:56:26","indexId":"70160743","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"The Penobscot River and environmental contaminants: Assessment of tribal exposure through sustenance lifeways","docAbstract":"EPA in collaboration with the Penobscot Indian Nation, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USF&WS) collectively embarked on a four year research study to evaluate the environmental health of the riverine system by targeting specific cultural practices and using traditional science to conduct a preliminary contaminant screening of the flora and fauna of the Penobscot River ecosystem. This study was designed as a preliminary screening to determine if contaminant concentrations in fish, eel, snapping turtle, wood ducks, and plants in Regions of the Penobscot River relevant to where PIN tribal members hunt, fish and gather plants were high enough to be a health concern. This study was not designed to be a statistically validated assessment of contaminant differences among study sites or among species. The traditional methodology for health risk assessment used by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is based on the use of exposure assumptions (e.g. exposure duration, food ingestion rate, body weight, etc.) that represent the entire American population, either as a central tendency exposure (e.g. average, median) or as a reasonable maximum exposure (e.g. 95% upper confidence limit). Unfortunately, EPA lacked exposure information for assessing health risks for New England regional tribes sustaining a tribal subsistence way of life. As a riverine tribe, the Penobscot culture and traditions are inextricably tied to the Penobscot River watershed. It is through hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering and making baskets, pottery, moccasins, birch-bark canoes and other traditional practices that the Penobscot culture and people are sustained. The Penobscot River receives a variety of pollutant discharges leaving the Penobscot Indian Nation (PIN) questioning the ecological health and water quality of the river and how this may affect the practices that sustain their way of life. The objectives of this Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) study were to:\r\nDevelop culturally sensitive methodologies for assessing the potential level of exposure tocontaminants that Penobscot Indian Nation tribal members may have from maintainingtribal sustenance practices.\r\nConduct field surveys and laboratory analysis on targeted flora and fauna for chemicalexposure to dioxins/furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), total mercury and methyl-mercury.\r\nAssist the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) by providing thenecessary data to conduct a Public Health Assessment for the Penobscot Indian Nation.\r\nEstablish protocols for assessing the level of exposure to PCBs, dioxins/furans and mercuryto PIN tribal members as a consequence of gathering tribal plants for medicinal andnutritional purposes; as well as consuming fish, wood duck, and snapping turtle as a primarysource of nutrition.\r\nSurvey surface water, drinking water, and sediment from the Penobscot River and IndianIsland to assess the exposure of PIN tribal members to environmental genotoxicants thatcontinue cultural sustenance practices.\r\nThis research initiative collected and analyzed sediment and biota to determine the level of contaminant exposure to Penobscot tribal members. Natural resource utilization patterns and exposure pathways were identified based on discussions with the Tribal elders. Identification of Tribal exposure factors (exposure pathways and contaminant concentrations) was essential for accurately assessing potential long-term Penobscot Indian Nation tribal members’ exposure. Based on this study, ATSDR’s Public Health Assessment (PHA) concluded that the Penobscot Indian Nation (PIN) tribal members who eat fish and snapping turtle at the ingestion levels suggested in the Wabanaki Traditional Cultural Lifeways Exposure Scenario Report (Wabanaki Exposure Scenario) may be exposed to harmful levels of mercury, dioxins/furans, dioxin-like PCBs, and ot","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","collaboration":"USEPA","usgsCitation":"Marshall, V., Kusnierz, D., Hillger, R., Ferrario, J., Hughes, T., Diliberto, J., Orazio, C.E., Dudley, R.W., Byrne, C., Sugatt, R., Warren, S., DeMarini, D., Elskus, A., Stodola, S., Mierzykowski, S., Pugh, K., and Culbertson, C.W., 2015, The Penobscot River and environmental contaminants: Assessment of tribal exposure through sustenance lifeways, ix, 115 p. .","productDescription":"ix, 115 p. 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Amiata mercury ore district (Southern Tuscany, Italy)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-11T09:18:16","indexId":"70154922","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3899,"text":"Italian Journal of Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metallogeny, exploitation and environmental impact of the Mt. Amiata mercury ore district (Southern Tuscany, Italy)","docAbstract":"The Mt. Amiata mining district (Southern Tuscany, Italy) is a world class Hg district, with a cumulate production of more than 100,000 tonnes of Hg, mostly occurring between 1870 and 1980. The Hg mineralization at Mt. Amiata is younger than 0.3 Ma, and is directly related to shallow hydrothermal systems similar to present-day geothermal fields of the region. There is likely a continuum of Hg deposition to present day, because Hg emission from geothermal power plants is on-going. In this sense, the Mt. Amiata deposits present some analogies with “hot-spring type” deposits of western USA, although an ore deposit model for the district has not been established. Specifically, the source of Hg remains highly speculative. The mineralizing hydrothermal fluids are of low temperature, and of essentially meteoric origin.
\nRecent results by our research group indicate that, 30 years after mine closure, the environmental effects of Hg contamination related to mining are still recorded by the ecosystem, namely on waterways of the Paglia and Tiber River basins. In particular, the close spatial connection between the town of Abbadia San Salvatore, the Hg mine within its immediate neighborhood, and the drainage catchment of the Paglia River has an influence also on Hg speciation, transported mainly in the particulate form by the river system. The extent of Hg contamination has been identified at least 100 km from Abbadia San Salvatore along the Paglia-Tiber River system.
\nEstimated annual Hg mass loads transported by the Paglia River to the Tiber River were about 11 kg yr−1. However, there is evidence that flood events may enhance Hg mobilization in the Paglia River basin, increasing Hg concentrations in stream sediment. The high methyl-Hg/Hg ratio in water in this area is an additional factor of great concern due to the potential harmful effects on human and wildlife health.
\nResults of our studies indicate that the Mt. Amiata region is at present a source of Hg of remarkable environmental concern at the local, regional (Tiber River), and Mediterranean scales. Ongoing studies are aimed to a more detailed quantification of the Hg mass load input to the Mediterranean Sea, and to unravel the processes concerning Hg transport and fluid dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Società geologica italiana","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2015.02","usgsCitation":"Rimondi, V., Chiarantini, L., Lattanzi, P., Benvenuti, M., Beutel, M., Colica, A., Costagliola, P., Di Benedetto, F., Gabbani, G., Gray, J.E., Pandeli, E., Pattelli, G., Paolieri, M., and Ruggieri, G., 2015, Metallogeny, exploitation and environmental impact of the Mt. Amiata mercury ore district (Southern Tuscany, Italy): Italian Journal of Geosciences, v. 134, no. 2, p. 323-336, https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2015.02.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"336","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058251","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","state":"Tuscany","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 10.107421874999998,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n 11.77734375,\n 41.80407814427234\n ],\n [\n 14.501953124999998,\n 41.80407814427234\n ],\n [\n 14.0625,\n 44.08758502824516\n ],\n [\n 11.77734375,\n 44.18220395771566\n ],\n [\n 10.107421874999998,\n 42.90816007196054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"134","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92c3e4b05d6c4e501aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rimondi, V.","contributorId":28820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rimondi","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chiarantini, L.","contributorId":145498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiarantini","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16135,"text":"University of Florence","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lattanzi, P.","contributorId":40034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lattanzi","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benvenuti, M.","contributorId":145499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benvenuti","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16135,"text":"University of Florence","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beutel, M.","contributorId":145500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beutel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5127,"text":"Washington State University, P.O. 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SGD conveys both water and water-borne constituents into coastal waters, where these inflows may impact near-shore ecosystem health and sustainability. Multichannel electrical resistivity techniques have proven to be a powerful tool to examine scales and dynamics of SGD and SGD forcings. However, there are uncertainties both in data aquisition and data processing that must be addressed to maximize the effectiveness of this tool in estuarine or marine environments. These issues most often relate to discerning subtle nuances in the flow of electricity through variably saturated media that can also be highly conductive (i.e., seawater).
\nThree contrasting field sites were examined for this study to assess the effectiveness of electrical resistivity techniques in varying coastal settings by comparing resistivity data to direct salinity and resistivity observations, quantifying changes in lithology and beach geomorphology, and fine-tuning inversion protocols. The three study sites all have substantial (up to 85 cm day−1) submarine groundwater discharge rates, but the hydrologic, oceanographic, and geologic characteristics of the sites are all very different. At a site in Pelekane Bay on the Big Island of Hawaii, seasonal flooding introduces very high concentrations of fine to coarse sediment into the bay. Near-shore circulation is limited in Pelekane Bay, so this newly introduced sediment can become deposited in the bay where it accumulates over time. At a site in Hood Canal, a fjord within Puget Sound, Washington, SGD rates can be high because of the large tidal range, abundant recharge, and steep hydrologic gradients. At Younger Lagoon in northern California, the flow of groundwater towards the coast is much more parsimonious, but here marine processes, including recirculated seawater, are important in controlling the flow of material towards the coast.
\nRigorous ground-truthing at each field site showed that multi-channel electrcial resistivity techniques can reproduce the scales and dynamics of a seepage field when such data are correctly collected, and when the model inversions are tuned to field site characteristics. Such information can provide a unique perspective on the scales and dynamics of exchange processes within a coastal aquifer—information essential to scientists and resource managers alike.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","publisherLocation":"Englewood, CO","doi":"10.2113/JEEG20.1.81","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., Swarzenski, P.W., Richardson, C.M., Smith, C.G., Kroeger, K.D., and Ganguli, P.M., 2015, Ground-truthing electrical resistivity methods in support of submarine groundwater discharge studies: Examples from Hawaii, Washington, and California: Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics, v. 20, no. 1, p. 81-87, https://doi.org/10.2113/JEEG20.1.81.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"87","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061829","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Hawaii, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Hood Canal, Pelekane 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To evaluate the relative importance of changes in the sources, transport, and sinks of fertilizer-derived nitrogen across a region, we use the spatially explicit SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes watershed model to map the distribution, at the small watershed scale within the Upper Mississippi-Ohio River Basin (UMORB), of: (1) fertilizer inputs; (2) nutrient attenuation during delivery of those inputs to the UMORB outlet; and (3) nitrogen export from the UMORB outlet. Comparing these spatial distributions suggests that the amount of fertilizer input and degree of nutrient attenuation are both important in determining the extent of nitrogen export. From a management perspective, this means that agricultural conservation efforts to reduce nitrogen export would benefit by: (1) expanding their focus to include activities that restore and enhance nutrient processing in these highly altered landscapes; and (2) targeting specific types of best management practices to watersheds where they will be most valuable. Doing so successfully may result in a shift in current approaches to conservation planning, outreach, and funding.
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This upwelling system provides a critical teleconnection between the Atlantic and tropical Pacific that may impact climate variability on a global scale. Despite its importance to oceanographic circulation, ecology, and climate, little is known about the long-term stability of the Panamanian upwelling system or its interaction with climatic forcing on millennial time scales. Using a combination of radiocarbon and U-series dating of fossil corals collected in cores from five sites across Pacific Panamá, we reconstructed the local radiocarbon reservoir correction, ΔR, from ~6750 cal B.P. to present. Because the ΔR of shallow-water environments is elevated by upwelling, our data set represents a millennial-scale record of spatial and temporal variability of the Panamanian upwelling system. The general oceanographic gradient from relatively strong upwelling in the Gulf of Panamá to weak-to-absent upwelling in the Gulf of Chiriquí was present throughout our record; however, the intensity of upwelling in the Gulf of Panamá varied significantly through time. Our reconstructions suggest that upwelling in the Gulf of Panamá is weak at present; however, the middle Holocene was characterized by periods of enhanced upwelling, with the most intense upwelling occurring just after of a regional shutdown in the development of reefs at ~4100 cal B.P. Comparisons with regional climate proxies suggest that, whereas the Intertropical Convergence Zone is the primary control on modern upwelling in Pacific Panamá, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation drove the millennial-scale variability of upwelling during the Holocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015PA002794","usgsCitation":"Toth, L., Aronson, R.B., Cheng, H., and Edwards, R.L., 2015, Holocene variability in the intensity of wind-gap upwelling in the tropical eastern Pacific: Paleoceanography, v. 30, no. 8, p. 1113-1131, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002794.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1113","endPage":"1131","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063612","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015pa002794","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Panama","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Chiriqui, Gulf of Panama","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.90283203125,\n 6.54455998565331\n ],\n [\n -82.90283203125,\n 9.09124858577939\n ],\n [\n -78.06884765624999,\n 9.09124858577939\n ],\n [\n -78.06884765624999,\n 6.54455998565331\n ],\n [\n -82.90283203125,\n 6.54455998565331\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5633433de4b048076347eecb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toth, Lauren T. ltoth@usgs.gov","contributorId":149483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toth","given":"Lauren T.","email":"ltoth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aronson, Richard B.","contributorId":76233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aronson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, Hai","contributorId":85896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Hai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, R. Lawrence","contributorId":69760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192870,"text":"70192870 - 2015 - Limits to benthic feeding by eiders in a vital Arctic migration corridor due to localized prey and changing sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T14:56:00","indexId":"70192870","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3194,"text":"Progress in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limits to benthic feeding by eiders in a vital Arctic migration corridor due to localized prey and changing sea ice","docAbstract":"Four species of threatened or declining eider ducks that nest in the Arctic migrate through the northeast Chukchi Sea, where anticipated industrial development may require prioritizing areas for conservation. In this nearshore corridor (10–40 m depth), the eiders’ access to benthic prey during the spring is restricted to variable areas of open water within sea ice. For the most abundant species, the king eider (Somateria spectabilis), stable isotopes in blood cells, muscle, and potential prey indicate that these eiders ate mainly bivalves when traversing this corridor. Bivalves there were much smaller than the same taxa in deeper areas of the northern Bering Sea, possibly due to higher mortality rates caused by ice scour in shallow water; future decrease in seasonal duration of fast ice may increase this effect. Computer simulations suggested that if these eiders forage for >15 h/day, they can feed profitably at bivalve densities >200 m−2 regardless of water depth or availability of ice for resting. Sampling in 2010–2012 showed that large areas of profitable prey densities occurred only in certain locations throughout the migration corridor. Satellite data in April–May over 13 years (2001–2013) indicated that access to major feeding areas through sea ice in different segments of the corridor can vary from 0% to 100% between months and years. In a warming and increasingly variable climate, unpredictability of access may be enhanced by greater effects of shifting winds on unconsolidated ice. Our results indicate the importance of having a range of potential feeding areas throughout the migration corridor to ensure prey availability in all years. Spatial planning of nearshore industrial development in the Arctic, including commercial shipping, pipeline construction, and the risk of released oil, should consider these effects of high environmental variability on the adequacy of habitats targeted for conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.014","usgsCitation":"Lovvorn, J.R., Rocha, A.R., Jewett, S.C., Dasher, D., Oppel, S., and Powell, A., 2015, Limits to benthic feeding by eiders in a vital Arctic migration corridor due to localized prey and changing sea ice: Progress in Oceanography, v. 136, p. 162-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"174","ipdsId":"IP-060283","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":" Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170,\n 68.31002672261663\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 68.31002672261663\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 71.99936944350677\n ],\n [\n -170,\n 71.99936944350677\n ],\n [\n -170,\n 68.31002672261663\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"136","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb44e4b09af898c8ccd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovvorn, James R.","contributorId":167714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovvorn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13212,"text":"Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rocha, Aariel R.","contributorId":200101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rocha","given":"Aariel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jewett, Stephen C.","contributorId":94397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewett","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dasher, Douglas","contributorId":200102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dasher","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oppel, Steffen","contributorId":44432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppel","given":"Steffen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powell, Abby 0000-0002-9783-134X abby_powell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-134X","contributorId":176843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70155187,"text":"70155187 - 2015 - Unifying research on the fragmentation of terrestrial and aquatic habitats: patches, connectivity and the matrix in riverscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T13:15:36","indexId":"70155187","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-31T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unifying research on the fragmentation of terrestrial and aquatic habitats: patches, connectivity and the matrix in riverscapes","docAbstract":"This is the seventh report produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) to detail annual activities conducted by the USGS for addressing specific management needs identified by WLCI partners. In FY2014, there were 26 projects, including a new one that was completed, two others that were also completed, and several that entered new phases or directions. The 26 projects fall into several categories: (1) synthesizing and analyzing existing data to identify current conditions on the landscape and using the data to develop models for projecting past and future landscape conditions; (2) monitoring indicators of ecosystem conditions and the effectiveness of on-the-ground habitat projects; (3) conducting research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying wildlife and habitat responses to changing land uses; (4) managing and making accessible the large number of databases, maps, and other products being developed; and (5) coordinating efforts among WLCI partners, helping them use USGS-developed decision-support tools, and integrating WLCI outcomes with future habitat enhancement and research projects.
\nThe new (completed) project was the development and publication of a public outreach piece for visitors of Fossil Butte National Monument. The final product was a USGS Fact Sheet that capitalized on previously collected elk-monitoring data to interpret the ecology of the Monument’s elk population and the importance of the Monument’s habitats to this highly visible wildlife species. One of the completed projects entailed developing and evaluating a synthetic approach to high-resolution satellite imagery for use in effectiveness monitoring, which culminated in a journal article. The other completed project was a coalescing of two similar tasks under data and information management that pertain to Web application development and the development of outreach and graphic products into a single integrated project that focuses on developing and maintaining/upgrading Web applications and other tools for visualizing, mapping, and using geospatial data.
\nMajor accomplishments for FY2014 included several publications, including Part B of an energy resources map that (with Part A) depicts coal, wind, oil, gas, oil shale, uranium, and solar energy production in the WLCI region. Two published works associated with sage-grouse included a Wildlife Monograph on prioritizing species’ habitats across large landscapes, multiple seasons, and novel areas (using sage-grouse in Wyoming as an example), and a USGS Data Series report that includes both the data used in the habitat-prioritization models and the habitat prioritization models developed for sage-grouse. Our Science Team also published a framework for conducting large, collaborative projects that rely on geospatial data, and a paper that describes the efficacy of fusing satellite data collected at various resolutions for measuring and monitoring vegetation changes. These products are all invaluable tools for maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness of managing species of concern, conducting future landscape-scale assessments, and monitoring status and trends of landscape conditions.
\nOther highlights of FY2014 included a renewed effort to gather and analyze wildlife and habitat status and trend data for the WLCI Interagency Monitoring Database (IAMD) to assess long-term trends and cumulative effects associated with land-use and climate changes. Water-monitoring efforts included drilling four new groundwater-monitoring wells in the Green and New Fork River basins near the proposed Normally Pressured Lance Formation energy development, and continued data collection at established water-monitoring sites. Three additional wells were sampled as part of the Wyoming Groundwater Monitoring Network, bringing the total to 19 Network wells sampled in the WLCI region since 2010. Combined, these water-monitoring efforts can help to identify potential changes in water quality or levels that may result from land-use changes. Major terrestrial monitoring accomplishments included processing satellite imagery from 1985−2010 to develop a historical perspective of long-term vegetation changes, which can serve as a basis for monitoring current and future trends in sagebrush steppe. Such data are crucial tools for agencies tasked with sage-grouse management and conservation.
\nThe USGS WLCI Science Team also continued monitoring and testing methods for evaluating WLCI habitat treatments designed to promote aspen regeneration and enhance sage-grouse habitat, and to assess how those treatments influence invasive species distributions and ungulate herbivory. Highlights included analyzing field data collected to elucidate the relationships between sage-grouse habitat use and the proximity of energy infrastructure, and using new instruments to measure productivity responses of aspen woodlands to various factors.
\nNumerous FY2014 accomplishments specifically addressed agency needs to manage and conserve Wyoming’s wildlife species of concern. A pygmy rabbit habitat model and Wyoming distribution map were completed to identify factors associated with rabbit habitat occupancy. Previous work on sage-grouse population dynamics was expanded to better understand the factors that drive long-term viability of sage-grouse populations and to develop a tool that helps to identify key factors limiting sage-grouse persistence in Wyoming. Field work and data analyses continued for elucidating the relationships between sagebrush songbird abundance and productivity, the intensity of energy development, and community dynamics of nest predators. For the mule deer study, mixed mountain shrublands important to migrating and wintering mule deer were mapped and delivered to WLCI partners. Additionally, the relationships between energy development and crucial winter habitat for mule deer were evaluated, and a new phase of work was implemented to better understand relationships between plant phenology and mule deer migration movements. Finally, initial analyses of data collected to evaluate fish-community composition in relation to habitat quality indicate that water quality, as measured by concentrations of hydrocarbons, water temperature, and others parameters, has been diminished in subwatersheds with higher levels of energy development. Overall, the outcomes and products of these wildlife studies contribute significantly to the information and tools needed for addressing effects of land-use changes on Wyoming’s species of concern.
\nFinally, capabilities of the WLCI Web site and the USGS ScienceBase infrastructure were maintained and upgraded to help ensure access to and efficient use of all the WLCI data, products, assessment tools, and outreach materials that have been developed. Of particular note is the completion of three Web applications developed for mapping (1) the 1900−2008 progression of oil and gas development;(2) the predicted distributions of Wyoming’s Species of Greatest Conservation Need; and (3) the locations of coal and wind energy production, sage-grouse distribution and core management areas, and alternative routes for transmission lines within the WLCI region. Collectively, these applications tools provide WLCI planners and managers with powerful tools for better understanding the distributions of wildlife species and potential alternatives for energy development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151091","usgsCitation":"Bowen, Z.H., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P.J., Assal, T.J., Bartos, T.T., Biewick, L.R., Boughton, G.K., Chalfoun, A.D., Chong, G.W., Dematatis, M.K., Eddy-Miller, C., Garman, S.L., Germaine, S., Homer, C.G., Huber, C., Kauffman, M., Latysh, N., Manier, D.J., Melcher, C.P., Miller, A., Miller, K.A., Olexa, E.M., Schell, S., Walters, A.W., Wilson, A.B., and Wyckoff, T.B., 2015, U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2014 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1091, x, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151091.","productDescription":"x, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064413","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and 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understand the Nation's water resources. Streamflow statistics are used by water managers, engineers, scientists, and others to protect people and property during floods and droughts, and to manage, protect, and enhance water resources. StreamStats is a Web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) application that was created by the USGS, in cooperation with the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., that allows users to easily obtain streamflow statistics, basin characteristics, and descriptive information for USGS streamgages and user-selected ungaged locations on streams (Ries and others, 2008).
\nStreamStats is being implemented on a State-by-State basis to allow for customization of the data development and underlying datasets to address their specific needs, issues, and objectives. The USGS, in cooperation with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division and Georgia Department of Transportation, has implemented StreamStats for Georgia. The Georgia StreamStats Web site is available through the national StreamStats Web-page portal at http://streamstats.usgs.gov. Links are provided on this Web page for individual State applications, instructions for using StreamStats, definitions of basin characteristics and streamflow statistics, and other supporting information.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143027","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division and the Georgia Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Gotvald, A.J., and Musser, J.W., 2015, StreamStats in Georgia—A Water-Resources Web application, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014–3027, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143027.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055013","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305910,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3027/fs20143027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Georgia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/
While continuous monitoring of streamflow and temperature has been common for some time, there is great potential to expand continuous monitoring to include water quality parameters such as nutrients, turbidity, oxygen, and dissolved organic material. In many systems, distinguishing between watershed and stream ecosystem controls can be challenging. The usefulness of such monitoring can be enhanced by the application of quantitative models to interpret observed patterns in real time. Examples are discussed primarily from the glacial meltwater streams of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Although the Dry Valley landscape is barren of plants, many streams harbor thriving cyanobacterial mats. Whereas a daily cycle of streamflow is controlled by the surface energy balance on the glaciers and the temporal pattern of solar exposure, the daily signal for biogeochemical processes controlling water quality is generated along the stream. These features result in an excellent outdoor laboratory for investigating fundamental ecosystem process and the development and validation of process‐based models. As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long‐Term Ecological Research project, we have conducted field experiments and developed coupled biogeochemical transport models for the role of hyporheic exchange in controlling weathering reactions, microbial nitrogen cycling, and stream temperature regulation. We have adapted modeling approaches from sediment transport to understand mobilization of stream biomass with increasing flows. These models help to elucidate the role of in‐stream processes in systems where watershed processes also contribute to observed patterns, and may serve as a test case for applying real‐time stream ecosystem models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017618","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Cozzetto, K.D., Cullis, J.D., Gooseff, M.N., Jaros, C., Koch, J.C., Lyons, W.B., Neupauer, R.M., and Wlostowski, A.N., 2015, Potential for real‐time understanding of coupled hydrologic and biogeochemical processes in stream ecosystems: Future integration of telemetered data with process models for glacial meltwater streams: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 8, p. 6725-6738, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017618.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6725","endPage":"6738","ipdsId":"IP-066061","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017618","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","volume":"51","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fcbc1e4b0f5d57878ecbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzetto, Karen D.","contributorId":44461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzetto","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cullis, James D. S.","contributorId":206559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cullis","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gooseff, Michael N.","contributorId":71880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaros, Christopher","contributorId":206566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaros","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyons, W. Berry","contributorId":73497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Berry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Neupauer, Roseanna M.","contributorId":176580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neupauer","given":"Roseanna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wlostowski, Adam N. 0000-0001-5703-9916","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5703-9916","contributorId":191365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wlostowski","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70154777,"text":"sir20155094 - 2015 - Towards automating measurements and predictions of Escherichia coli concentrations in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2012–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T09:07:59","indexId":"sir20155094","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-30T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5094","title":"Towards automating measurements and predictions of Escherichia coli concentrations in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2012–14","docAbstract":"Nowcasts are systems that can provide estimates of the current bacterial water-quality conditions based on predictive models using easily-measured, explanatory variables; nowcasts can provide the public with the information to make informed decisions on the risk associated with recreational activities in natural water bodies. Previous studies on the Cuyahoga River within Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CVNP) have found that predictive models can be used to provide accurate assessments of the recreational water quality. However, in order to run the previously developed nowcasts for CVNP, manual collection and processing of samples is required on a daily basis to acquire the required explanatory variable data (laboratory-measured turbidity). The U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service collaborated to develop a more automated approach to provide more timely results to park visitors regarding the recreational water quality of the river.
\nIn May 2012, an in-stream water-quality sensor was installed by the U.S. Geological Survey at Jaite, Ohio (a site centrally located in CVNP on the Cuyahoga River), to provide near-real-time measurements of turbidity and water temperature. To transition from methods used during previous studies at CVNP, a relation between laboratory- and in-stream measured turbidity was developed after the recreational season of 2012. During the recreational seasons of 2012 through 2014, discrete water samples were collected and processed to determine Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations at Jaite and one site upstream of Jaite (Lock 29) within CVNP. Predictive models, using in-stream turbidity measurements, were developed for the recreational seasons of 2013 and 2014 to estimate recreational water quality in regards to Ohio’s single-sample water-quality standard for primary-contact recreation.
\nA computer program was developed to manage the nowcasts by running the predictive models and posting the results to a publicly accessible Web site daily by 9 a.m. The nowcasts were able to correctly predict E. coli concentrations above or below the water-quality standard at Jaite for 79 percent of the samples compared with the measured concentrations. In comparison, the persistence model (using the previous day’s sample concentration) correctly predicted concentrations above or below the water-quality standard in only 68 percent of the samples. To determine if the Jaite nowcast could be used for the stretch of the river between Lock 29 and Jaite, the model predictions for Jaite were compared with the measured concentrations at Lock 29. The Jaite nowcast provided correct responses for 77 percent of the Lock 29 samples, which was a greater percentage than the percentage of correct responses (58 percent) from the persistence model at Lock 29.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Brady, A.M.G., and Plona, M.B., 2015, Towards automating measurements and predictions of Escherichia coli concentrations in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2012–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5094, 30 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155094.","productDescription":"vii, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061449","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5094/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306250,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5094/sir20155094.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5094"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Cuyahoga Valley National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.76025390625,\n 41.08763212467916\n ],\n [\n -81.76025390625,\n 41.50034959128928\n ],\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 41.50034959128928\n ],\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 41.08763212467916\n ],\n [\n -81.76025390625,\n 41.08763212467916\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
6480 Doubletree Ave
Columbus, OH 43229–1111
(614) 430–7777
http://oh.water.usgs.gov/
Germanium is a rare element but is present in trace quantities in most rock types because of its affinity for iron- and organic-bearing materials. The average germanium content of the Earth is about 14 parts per million, but the majority of germanium resides within the Earth’s core (37 parts per million) while the Earth’s crust contains only about 1.5 parts per million. Germanium does not occur as a native metal in nature, but about 30 different germanium minerals are known to exist. In refined form, it is grayish-white and metallic in appearance. Germanium is a semiconducting metalloid with electrical properties between those of a metal and an insulator.
\nGermanium was discovered in the late 1800s within silver ore at a mine near Freiberg, Germany. The German chemist who described the element, Clemens Winkler, named it germanium, after his native country. More than half a century elapsed before its first commercial use after World War II, when Karl Lark-Horovitz from Purdue University discovered its properties as a semiconductor. Today germanium is commonly used in commercial, industrial, and military applications.
\nGermanium is an essentially nontoxic element, with the exception of only a few compounds. However, if dissolved concentrations in drinking water are as high as one or more parts per million chronic diseases may occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153011","collaboration":"USGS Mineral Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Mercer, C.N., 2015, Germanium—Giving microelectronics an efficiency boost: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015–3011, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153011.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059492","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3011/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":305936,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3011/fs20153011.pdf","text":"Report","size":"975 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3011"}],"contact":"Director, Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS–973
Denver, CO 80225
http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/
Knowledge of the electrical properties of multicomponent systems with gas hydrate, sediments, and pore water is needed to help relate electromagnetic (EM) measurements to specific gas hydrate concentration and distribution patterns in nature. Toward this goal, we built a pressure cell capable of measuring in situ electrical properties of multicomponent systems such that the effects of individual components and mixing relations can be assessed. We first established the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity (σ) of pure, single-phase methane hydrate to be ~5 orders of magnitude lower than seawater, a substantial contrast that can help differentiate hydrate deposits from significantly more conductive water-saturated sediments in EM field surveys. Here we report σ measurements of two-component systems in which methane hydrate is mixed with variable amounts of quartz sand or glass beads. Sand by itself has low σ but is found to increase the overall σ of mixtures with well-connected methane hydrate. Alternatively, the overall σ decreases when sand concentrations are high enough to cause gas hydrate to be poorly connected, indicating that hydrate grains provide the primary conduction path. Our measurements suggest that impurities from sand induce chemical interactions and/or doping effects that result in higher electrical conductivity with lower temperature dependence. These results can be used in the modeling of massive or two-phase gas-hydrate-bearing systems devoid of conductive pore water. Further experiments that include a free water phase are the necessary next steps toward developing complex models relevant to most natural systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JB011940","usgsCitation":"Du Frane, W.L., Stern, L.A., Constable, S., Weitemeyer, K.A., Smith, M.M., and Roberts, J.J., 2015, Electrical properties of methane hydrate + sediment mixtures: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 120, no. 7, p. 4773-4783, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB011940.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4773","endPage":"4783","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056262","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb011940","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45730e4b0518e354694c1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015jb011940","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015jb011940","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Du Frane Wyatt L., Stern Laura A., Constable Steven, Weitemeyer Karen A., Smith Megan M., Roberts Jeffery J.","journalName":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","publicationDate":"7/2015","auditedOn":"4/5/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Du Frane, Wyatt L.","contributorId":23067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Du Frane","given":"Wyatt","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stern, Laura A. 0000-0003-3440-5674 lstern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-5674","contributorId":1197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"Laura","email":"lstern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Constable, Steven","contributorId":9178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constable","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weitemeyer, Karen A.","contributorId":90215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weitemeyer","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Megan M","contributorId":146543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, Jeffery J.","contributorId":98222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70148489,"text":"sir20155078 - 2015 - Hydrogeology of the Susquehanna River valley-fill aquifer system in the Endicott-Vestal area of southwestern Broome County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-07T15:52:11","indexId":"sir20155078","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-29T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5078","title":"Hydrogeology of the Susquehanna River valley-fill aquifer system in the Endicott-Vestal area of southwestern Broome County, New York","docAbstract":"The village of Endicott, New York, and the adjacent town of Vestal have historically used groundwater from the Susquehanna River valley-fill aquifer system for municipal water supply, but parts of some aquifers in this urban area suffer from legacy contamination from varied sources. Endicott would like to identify sites distant from known contamination where productive aquifers could supply municipal wells with water that would not require intensive treatment. The distribution or geometry of aquifers within the Susquehanna River valley fill in western Endicott and northwestern Vestal are delineated in this report largely on the basis of abundant borehole data that have been compiled in a table of well records.
\nEarly in deglaciation, meltwater deposited sand and gravel in channels within or beneath the decaying ice and as narrow terraces along the valley walls. These ice-contact deposits vary widely over short distances from clean (free of silt) and highly permeable to clogged with silt and poorly permeable, but collectively constitute the principal aquifers in Endicott and Vestal. Some ice-contact deposits form a buried ridge, deposited in a meltwater channel within the ice sheet, that approximately underlies the Susquehanna River and (or) its north bank from Endwell westward to Nanticoke Creek and has been tapped by several municipal and industrial wells. Similar but thinner ice-contact deposits discontinuously underlie the valley floor to the south in Vestal, and a smaller buried ridge of ice-contact deposits is likely beneath or west of Nanticoke Creek south of West Corners.
\nAs deglaciation continued, a large lake developed; thick deposits of gray silt with red clay layers are continuous north of the Susquehanna River from Endwell to West Endicott, and similar deposits are present discontinuously elsewhere. Late in deglaciation, meltwater deposited highly permeable pebbly sand atop the valley fill, generally atop lacustrine silt. The saturated thickness of this surficial sand is seldom great enough to support large-capacity wells, but where it directly overlies ice-contact deposits it facilitates recharge from precipitation and infiltration of river water to the deeper aquifers.
\nThree localities in Endicott were identified where thick ice-contact deposits capable of supporting municipal supply wells are documented by test wells or extrapolated to be present from nearby data and depositional history. Chemical analyses of water samples disclosed no contaminants in these localities when sampled, but the presence of contaminants or natural high iron a few thousand feet away from each locality is documented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Village of Endicott, New York","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., and Kappel, W.M., 2015, Hydrogeology of the Susquehanna River valley-fill aquifer system in the Endicott-Vestal area of southwestern Broome County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5078, 28 p. plus appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155078.","productDescription":"Report: v, 28 p.; 5 Figures: 18.14 inches x 8 inches or smaller; 3 Appendices","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-061721","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305920,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_fig02.pdf","text":"Figure 2 - Location of sampling and monitoring sites (42\"x32\")","size":"3.30 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Location of sampling and monitoring sites"},{"id":305921,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_fig06A.pdf","text":"Figure 6A - Geologic section A–A′ (9.5\"x6.5\")","size":"512 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Geologic section A–A′"},{"id":305919,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/sir20155078.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5078"},{"id":305918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":305926,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1 - Record of wells and test holes (for viewing as a broad spreadsheet)","size":"77 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Record of wells and test holes"},{"id":305922,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_fig06B.pdf","text":"Figure 6B - Geologic section B–B′ (14\"x8\")","size":"511 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Geologic section B–B′"},{"id":305923,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_fig06C.pdf","text":"Figure 6C - Geologic section C–C′ (16.9\"x7.58\")","size":"217 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Geologic section C–C′"},{"id":305924,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_fig06D.pdf","text":"Figure 6D - Geologic section D–D′ (18.14\"x7.5\")","size":"257 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Geologic section D–D′"},{"id":305925,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1 - For printing as 8 1/2 x 11 pages","size":"91 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Record of wells and test holes"},{"id":305927,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_appendix2.kmz","text":"Appendix 2 - Records of wells and test holes (for viewing as a Google Earth map with well sites, and with tabulated well records available)","size":"47 KB kmz","description":"Map of wells and test holes"},{"id":305928,"rank":11,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_appendix4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4 - For Printing as 8 1/2 x 11 pages","size":"98 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Physical and chemical properties of water samples"},{"id":305929,"rank":12,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5078/attachments/sir20155078_appendix4.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4 - Physical and chemical properties of water samples - for viewing as a broad spreadsheet","size":"22 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Physical and chemical properties of water samples"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Broome County","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.11122131347656,\n 42.068410320563785\n ],\n [\n -76.11122131347656,\n 42.10892077045022\n ],\n [\n -76.04942321777342,\n 42.10892077045022\n ],\n [\n -76.04942321777342,\n 42.068410320563785\n ],\n [\n -76.11122131347656,\n 42.068410320563785\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"U.S. Geological Survey
30 Brown Road
Ithaca, NY 14850
Information requests:
(518) 285-5602
or visit our Web site at:
http://ny.water.usgs.gov
Incorporating the influence of soil structure and horizons into parameterizations of distributed surface water/groundwater models remains a challenge. Often, only a single soil unit is employed, and soil-hydraulic properties are assigned based on textural classification, without evaluating the potential impact of these simplifications. This study uses a distributed physics-based model to assess the influence of soil horizons and structure on effective parameterization. This paper tests the viability of two established and widely used hydrogeologic methods for simulating runoff and variably saturated flow through layered soils: (1) accounting for vertical heterogeneity by combining hydrostratigraphic units with contrasting hydraulic properties into homogeneous, anisotropic units and (2) use of established pedotransfer functions based on soil texture alone to estimate water retention and conductivity, without accounting for the influence of pedon structures and hysteresis. The viability of this latter method for capturing the seasonal transition from runoff-dominated to evapotranspiration-dominated regimes is also tested here. For cases tested here, event-based simulations using simplified vertical heterogeneity did not capture the state-dependent anisotropy and complex combinations of runoff generation mechanisms resulting from permeability contrasts in layered hillslopes with complex topography. Continuous simulations using pedotransfer functions that do not account for the influence of soil structure and hysteresis generally over-predicted runoff, leading to propagation of substantial water balance errors. Analysis suggests that identifying a dominant hydropedological unit provides the most acceptable simplification of subsurface layering and that modified pedotransfer functions with steeper soil-water retention curves might adequately capture the influence of soil structure and hysteresis on hydrologic response in headwater catchments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Chichester, Sussex","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10592","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B.B., 2015, Evaluating the importance of characterizing soil structure and horizons in parameterizing a hydrologic process model: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, p. 4611-4623, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10592.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4611","endPage":"4623","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064649","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a75553e4b0b28f1184d829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B. 0000-0001-5550-014X bbmirus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-014X","contributorId":4064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbmirus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70155128,"text":"70155128 - 2015 - Effects of high salinity wastewater discharges on unionid mussels in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T16:33:31","indexId":"70155128","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-29T04:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of high salinity wastewater discharges on unionid mussels in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"We examined the effect of high salinity wastewater (brine) from oil and natural gas drilling on freshwater mussels in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania, during 2012. Mussel cages (N = 5 per site) were deployed at two sites upstream and four sites downstream of a brine treatment facility on the Allegheny River. Each cage contained 20 juvenile northern riffleshell mussels Epioblasma torulosa rangiana). Continuous specific conductance and temperature data were recorded by water quality probes deployed at each site. To measure the amount of mixing throughout the entire study area, specific conductance surveys were completed two times during low-flow conditions along transects from bank to bank that targeted upstream (reference) reaches, a municipal wastewater treatment plant discharge upstream of the brine-facility discharge, the brine facility, and downstream reaches. Specific conductance data indicated that high specific conductance water from the brine facility (4,000–12,000 µS/cm; mean 7,846) compared to the reference reach (103–188 µS/cm; mean 151) is carried along the left descending bank of the river and that dilution of the discharge via mixing does not occur until 0.5 mi (805 m) downstream. Juvenile northern riffleshell mussel survival was severely impaired within the high specific conductance zone (2 and 34% at and downstream of the brine facility, respectively) and at the municipal wastewater treatment plant (21%) compared to background (84%). We surveyed native mussels (family Unionidae) at 10 transects: 3 upstream, 3 within, and 4 downstream of the high specific conductance zone. Unionid mussel abundance and diversity were lower for all transects within and downstream of the high conductivity zone compared to upstream. The results of this study clearly demonstrate in situ toxicity to juvenile northern riffleshell mussels, a federally endangered species, and to the native unionid mussel assemblage located downstream of a brine discharge to the Allegheny River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/052013-JFWM-033","usgsCitation":"Patnode, K.A., Hittle, E.A., Anderson, R., Zimmerman, L., and Fulton, J.W., 2015, Effects of high salinity wastewater discharges on unionid mussels in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 6, no. 1, p. 55-70, https://doi.org/10.3996/052013-JFWM-033.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2015-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-044948","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/052013-jfwm-033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Allegheny River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.18859481811523,\n 41.82806639426742\n ],\n [\n -79.18859481811523,\n 41.84641933183364\n ],\n [\n -79.1421604156494,\n 41.84641933183364\n ],\n [\n -79.1421604156494,\n 41.82806639426742\n ],\n [\n -79.18859481811523,\n 41.82806639426742\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b9eb1de4b05b91f6398b33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patnode, Kathleen A.","contributorId":127355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patnode","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hittle, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-1771-7724 ehittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-7724","contributorId":2038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hittle","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ehittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Robert","contributorId":72037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmerman, Lora","contributorId":145633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Lora","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16180,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service, Pennsylvania Field Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fulton, John W. 0000-0002-5335-0720 jwfulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-0720","contributorId":2298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"John","email":"jwfulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70150332,"text":"fs20153044 - 2015 - Source, use and disposition of freshwater in Puerto Rico, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T08:58:23","indexId":"fs20153044","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-29T03:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3044","title":"Source, use and disposition of freshwater in Puerto Rico, 2010","docAbstract":"Water diverted from streams and pumped from wells constitutes the main source of water for the 78 municipios of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. A better understanding of water-use patterns is needed, particularly regarding the amount of water used, where and how this water is used and disposed, and how human activities affect water resources. Agricultural practices, indoor and outdoor household uses, industrial uses, and commercial and mining withdrawals affect reservoirs, streams, and aquifers. Accurate and accessible water information for Puerto Rico is critical to ensure that water managers have the ability to protect and conserve this essential natural resource.
\nFrom 2000 to 2010, the population of Puerto Rico decreased 2.6 percent, from 3.8 to 3.7 million residents (U.S. Census Bureau, 2011), and this decrease in population reduced the demand for freshwater. Factors that contributed to a reduction in domestic per capita water use in Puerto Rico include water-rate cost increases, the implementation of low-flow fixture, and domestic conservation programs. Almost 99 percent of the residents in Puerto Rico were served by public-supply water systems in 2010. Public-supply water is provided by the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA) and by non-PRASA systems. Non-PRASA systems include community-operated water systems (water systems that serve rural or suburban housing areas).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153044","usgsCitation":"Molina-Rivera, W.L., 2015, Source, Use, and disposition of freshwater in Puerto Rico, 2010, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3044, 6 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153044.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057522","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305900,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3044/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":305907,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3044/fs20153044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3044"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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U.S. Geological Survey
GSA Center
651 Federal Drive, Suite 400-15
Guaynabo, PR, 00965-5703
(787) 749-4346
http://pr.water.usgs.gov
In Berlin, New Hampshire, USA, the Androscoggin River flows adjacent to a former chlor-alkali facility that is a US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site and source of mercury (Hg) to the river. The present study was conducted to determine the fate and bioaccumulation of methylmercury (MeHg) to lower trophic-level taxa in the river. Surface sediment directly adjacent to the source showed significantly elevated MeHg (10–40× increase, mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 20.1 ± 24.8 ng g–1 dry wt) and total mercury (THg; 10–30× increase, mean ± SD: 2045 ± 2669 ng g–1 dry wt) compared with all other reaches, with sediment THg and MeHg from downstream reaches elevated (3–7× on average) relative to the reference (THg mean ± SD: 33.5 ± 9.33 ng g–1 dry wt; MeHg mean ± SD: 0.52 ± 0.21 ng g–1 dry wt). Water column THg concentrations adjacent to the point source for both particulate (0.23 ng L–1) and dissolved (0.76 ng L–1) fractions were 5-fold higher than at the reference sites, and 2-fold to 5-fold higher than downstream. Methylmercury production potential of periphyton material was highest (2–9 ng g–1 d–1 dry wt) adjacent to the Superfund site; other reaches were close to or below reporting limits (0. 1 ng g–1 d–1 dry wt). Total Hg and MeHg bioaccumulation in fauna was variable across sites and taxa, with no clear spatial patterns downstream of the contamination source. Crayfish, mayflies, and shiners showed a weak positive relationship with porewater MeHg concentration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.2964","usgsCitation":"Buckman, K., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Taylor, V.F., Chalmers, A.T., Broadley, H.J., Agee, J.L., Jackson, B.P., and Chen, C.Y., 2015, Influence of a chlor-alkali superfund site on mercury bioaccumulation in periphyton and low-trophic level fauna: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1649-1658, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2964.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1649","endPage":"1658","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062266","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4486627","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Androscoggin River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.23741149902344,\n 44.38325649413712\n ],\n [\n -71.23741149902344,\n 44.62615246716885\n ],\n [\n -71.0760498046875,\n 44.62615246716885\n ],\n [\n -71.0760498046875,\n 44.38325649413712\n ],\n [\n -71.23741149902344,\n 44.38325649413712\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b98fbbe4b08f6647be516f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckman, Kate L.","contributorId":145628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buckman","given":"Kate L.","affiliations":[{"id":16179,"text":"Dartmouth College, Hanover NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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Water temperature, specific conductance, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen were measured every 15–30 minutes in both streams using real-time instream water-quality monitors. In conjunction with the monitoring effort, suspended-sediment samples were collected and analyzed to model the amount of suspended sediment being transported by each river. Over the course of the 3-year study, which ended in September 2014, nearly 600,000 tons (t) of suspended-sediment material entered Tillamook Bay from these two tributaries.
\nEach year of the study, the Wilson River transported between 80,300 and 240,000 t of suspended sediment, while the Trask River contributed between 28,200 and 69,900 t. The suspended-sediment loads observed during the study were relatively small because streamflow conditions were routinely lower than normal between October 2011 and September 2014. Only one storm had a recurrence interval between a 2- and 5-year event. Every other storm produced streamflows equivalent to what would be classified as a 1- or 2-year event. Because most sediment moves during high flows, the lack of heavy rainfall and elevated streamflows muted any high sediment loads.
\nAlong with assessing suspended-sediment transport, the U.S. Geological Survey also monitored instream water quality. This monitoring was used to track instream conditions and relate them to water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and sedimentation issues for the Wilson and Trask Rivers. Stream temperatures in the Wilson and Trask Rivers exceeded the temperature standard for cold-water habitat. Water temperatures at both streams exceeded the standard for more than 30 percent of the year, as stream temperatures increased above the seasonal 13 degrees Celsius (°C) (seasonal core cold-water habitat) and 16 °C (salmon and steelhead [Oncorhynchus mykiss] spawning) thresholds. Conversely, dissolved oxygen concentrations rarely decreased to less than the absolute water-quality criterion of 8 milligrams per liter for cold-water streams.
\nResults from this study will provide resource managers insight into the seasonality of water-quality conditions and the extent of suspended-sediment transport in the Wilson and Trask Rivers. The data are useful for establishing a baseline and for maintaining best-use land management practices and possibly for aiding in prioritization of restoration actions for both rivers and their respective watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tillamook Estuaries Partnership","usgsCitation":"Sobieszczyk, Steven, Bragg, H.M., and Uhrich, M.A., 2015, Water-quality conditions and suspended-sediment transport in the Wilson and Trask Rivers, northwestern Oregon, water years 2012–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5109, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155109.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-10-01","temporalEnd":"2014-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-064609","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306219,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5109/sir20155109.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5109"},{"id":306220,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5109/coverthmb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Trask River, Wilson River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.77746582031249,\n 45.325116643332684\n ],\n [\n -123.56597900390626,\n 45.325116643332684\n ],\n [\n -123.56597900390626,\n 45.4947963896697\n ],\n [\n -123.77746582031249,\n 45.4947963896697\n ],\n [\n -123.77746582031249,\n 45.325116643332684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
The use of groundwater to supplement surface-water supplies for the Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Project in the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California markedly increased between 2000 and 2014. Pre-2001 groundwater pumping in the area where most of this increase occurred is estimated to have been about 28,600 acre-feet per year. Subsequent supplemental pumping rates have been as high as 128,740 acre-feet per year. During this period of increased pumping, groundwater levels in and around the Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Project have declined by about 20-25 feet. Water-level declines are largely due to the increased supplemental pumping, but other factors include increased pumping adjacent to the Klamath Project and drying climate conditions. This report summarizes the distribution and magnitude of supplemental groundwater pumping and groundwater-level declines, and characterizes the relation between the stress and response in subareas of the Klamath Project to aid decision makers in developing groundwater-management strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151145","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Klamath Water and Power Agency and the Oregon Water Resources Department","usgsCitation":"Gannett, M.W., and Breen, K.H., 2015, Groundwater levels, trends, and relations to pumping in the Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Project, Oregon and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1145, 19 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151145.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-064282","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306209,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1145/ofr20151145.pdf","text":"Report","size":"805 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1145"},{"id":306208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1145/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Valley, Tule Lake subbasin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 41.81431422987254\n ],\n [\n -121.4373779296875,\n 41.81431422987254\n ],\n [\n -121.4373779296875,\n 42.577354839557856\n ],\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 42.577354839557856\n ],\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 41.81431422987254\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
Responses of species to disturbances give insights into how species might respond to future wetland changes. In this study, species of monsoonal wetlands belonging to various functional types (graminoid and non−graminoid emergents, submersed aquatic, floating−leaved aquatic) varied in their growth responses to water depth and harvesting. We tested the effects of water depth (moist soil, flooded) and clipping (unclipped, and clipped) on the biomass and longevity of twenty−three dominant plant species of monsoonal wetlands in the Keoladeo National Park, India in a controlled experiment. With respect to total biomass and survival, six species responded positively to flooding and twelve species responded negatively to clipping. Responses to flooding and clipping, however, sometimes interacted. Individualistic responses of species to water levels and clipping regimes were apparent; species within a functional group did not always respond similarly. Therefore, detailed information on the individualistic responses of species may be needed to predict the vegetation composition of post−disturbance wetlands. In particular, as demands for fresh water increase around the world, studies of life history constraints and responses to hydrological changes will aid wetland managers in developing strategies to conserve biodiversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.06.004","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B.A., van der Valk, A., and Davis, C.B., 2015, Responses to water depth and clipping of twenty−three plant species in an Indian monsoonal wetland: Aquatic Botany, v. 126, p. 38-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.06.004.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055617","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.06.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","otherGeospatial":"Keoladeo National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 77.57617950439453,\n 27.15050530215565\n ],\n [\n 77.50717163085936,\n 27.20517504065018\n ],\n [\n 77.48828887939453,\n 27.194487533747655\n ],\n [\n 77.48279571533203,\n 27.15783687748054\n ],\n [\n 77.53910064697266,\n 27.115368162224495\n ],\n [\n 77.57617950439453,\n 27.15050530215565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b899a0e4b09a3b01b6066d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van der Valk, Arnold","contributorId":145612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Valk","given":"Arnold","affiliations":[{"id":15296,"text":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Craig B.","contributorId":145613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":16172,"text":"Ohio State University, Columbus, OH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}