{"pageNumber":"4897","pageRowStart":"122400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":1007554,"text":"1007554 - 1986 - Inter-and intralocular distribution of yucca moth larvae in Yucca whipplei (Agavaceae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:31","indexId":"1007554","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1136,"text":"Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inter-and intralocular distribution of yucca moth larvae in Yucca whipplei (Agavaceae)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1986, Inter-and intralocular distribution of yucca moth larvae in Yucca whipplei (Agavaceae): Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, v. 85, p. 173-176.","productDescription":"p. 173-176","startPage":"173","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0e06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015200,"text":"70015200 - 1986 - Reservoir processes and fluid origins in the Baca geothermal system, Valles Caldera, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-25T14:27:36.720211","indexId":"70015200","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reservoir processes and fluid origins in the Baca geothermal system, Valles Caldera, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>At the Baca geothermal field in the Valles caldera, New Mexico, 19 deep wells were drilled in an attempt to develop a 50-MW</span><sub>e</sub><span>&nbsp;(megawatts electric) power plant. The chemical and isotopic compositions of steam and water samples have been used to indicate uniquely the origin of reservoir fluids and natural reservoir processes. Two distinct reservoir fluids exist at Baca. These fluids originate from the same deep, high-temperature (335°C), saline (2500 mg/kg Cl) parent water but have had different histories during upflow. One fluid (from wells 4 and 13) is isotopically light, high in radiogenic noble gases, CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>, and low in Ca. It has a temperature of 290°–295°C and a reservoir chloride near 1900 mg/kg. This fluid resulted from rapid upward flow through 1.1- to 1.4-m.y.-old Bandelier Tuff reservoir rocks after long residence in pre-Bandelier (&gt;7 m.y.) sediments and Precambrian basement rocks and 25% dilution with high-altitude cold groundwater from Redondo Peak. The other water (from wells 15, 19, and 24) moved slowly through the Bandelier Tuff and cooled conductively (with minor steam loss for well 19) from 335°C to 280°–260°C. Apparently, short residence in old basement rocks has left this water with low radiogenic gases. Conductive cooling without mixing has kept the original chloride and relatively heavy isotope composition of the deep water. The recharge to the deep parent water is not well understood but may be from lower elevation precipitation outside the Valles caldera area. Gases are in equilibrium in all-liquid reservoir fluids at near reservoir temperatures, and the concentrations of atmospheric gases are similar to those of air-saturated water, indicating little boiling and steam loss. All water, solutes, and gases in the reservoir fluids originate from air-saturated meteoric recharge water, watermineral reactions, and rock leaching, with the possible exception of excess 3He that must have an ultimate mantle source. This gas could originate directly from magma or from leaching of intrusive volcanic rocks beneath the Bandelier.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB02p01817","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A., and Janik, C.J., 1986, Reservoir processes and fluid origins in the Baca geothermal system, Valles Caldera, New Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B2, p. 1817-1833, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB02p01817.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1817","endPage":"1833","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa963e4b0c8380cd85d88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":370307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007625,"text":"1007625 - 1986 - Thermal comfort of the elderly is affected by clothing, activity and psychological adjustment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:19","indexId":"1007625","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3629,"text":"Transactions of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal comfort of the elderly is affected by clothing, activity and psychological adjustment","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cena, K., Spotila, J., and Avery, H., 1986, Thermal comfort of the elderly is affected by clothing, activity and psychological adjustment: Transactions of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), v. 96, no. 2a, p. 329-342.","productDescription":"p. 329-342","startPage":"329","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"2a","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e4d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cena, K.","contributorId":100797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cena","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spotila, J.R.","contributorId":66207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spotila","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avery, H.W.","contributorId":33252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avery","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1007558,"text":"1007558 - 1986 - The use of stable isotopes in the study of photosynthesis in freshwater plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T17:57:36.899209","indexId":"1007558","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of stable isotopes in the study of photosynthesis in freshwater plants","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ratio of&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C/</span><sup>12</sup><span>C for photosynthetic tissues of 22 aquatic species was unrelated to photosynthetic pathway. In three aquatic environments CAM and non-CAM species were shown to have similar&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C values. Although these CAM species derive up to half of their net carbon gain through dark fixation their&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C values are similar to associated non-CAM species in part because the carbon source for dark CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;uptake is CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;released, through respiration or decomposition, from organic carbon. Thus, the carbon source for CAM reflects previous isotope discrimination events. As carbon isotopes are not able to distinguish the photosynthetic pathway, there is good evidence that they may prove invaluable in the study of diffusional resistance to photosynthesis. Such evaluations require careful analysis of the photosynthetic pathway, carbon species utilized and&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C value of the source carbon. Although stable carbon isotope values do not allow differentiation between CAM and non-CAM aquatic species, there is evidence that hydrogen isotopes may be able to distinguish these two groups. Aquatic CAM species were shown to accumulate greater levels of deuterium than associated non-CAM species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3770(86)90022-7","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Sternberg, L., and DeNiro, M.J., 1986, The use of stable isotopes in the study of photosynthesis in freshwater plants: Aquatic Botany, v. 26, p. 213-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(86)90022-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":315622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sternberg, Leonel","contributorId":217985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sternberg","given":"Leonel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeNiro, Michael J.","contributorId":14738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeNiro","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014652,"text":"70014652 - 1986 - Adaptation of Selenastrum capricornutum (Chlorophyceae) to copper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-18T13:51:30.585652","indexId":"70014652","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptation of Selenastrum capricornutum (Chlorophyceae) to copper","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><i>Selenastrum capricornutum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Printz, growing in a chemically defined medium, was used as a model for studying adaptation of algae to a toxic metal (copper) ion. Cells exhibited lag‐phase adaptation to 0.8 μM total Cu (10<sup>−12</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>M free ion concentration) after 20 generations of Cu exposure.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Selenastrum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>adapted to the same concentration when Cu was gradually introduced over an 8‐h period using a specially designed apparatus that provided a transient increase in exposure concentration. Cu adaptation was not attributable to media conditioning by algal exudates. Duration of lag phase was a more sensitive index of copper toxicity to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Selenastrum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>that was growth rate or stationary‐phase cell density under the experimental conditions used. Chemical speciation of the Cu dosing solution influenced the duration of lag phase even when media formulations were identical after dosing.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Selenastrum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>initially exposed to Cu in a CuCl<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>injection solution exhibited a lag phase of 3.9 d, but this was reduced to 1.5 d when a CuEDTA solution was used to achieve the same total Cu and EDTA concentrations. Physical and chemical processes that accelerated the rate of increase in cupric ion concentration generally increased the duration of lag phase.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620050211","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J., and Leland, H., 1986, Adaptation of Selenastrum capricornutum (Chlorophyceae) to copper: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 5, no. 2, p. 197-203, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620050211.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6e0e4b0c8380cd476bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leland, H.V.","contributorId":82455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"H.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007562,"text":"1007562 - 1986 - Marine otters and their environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:32","indexId":"1007562","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":698,"text":"Ambio","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine otters and their environment","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ambio","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., 1986, Marine otters and their environment: Ambio, v. 15, p. 181-183.","productDescription":"p. 181-183","startPage":"181","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db6080cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001843,"text":"1001843 - 1986 - Effects of shrub coverages on birds of North Dakota mixed-grass prairies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T12:32:03.810229","indexId":"1001843","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of shrub coverages on birds of North Dakota mixed-grass prairies","docAbstract":"We studied the distribution and density of passerine birds in relation to Wolfberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis) and Silverberry (Elaeagnus commutata) shrub coverages on mixed-grass prairies of central North Dakota. Birds were counted along shrubby and shrubless transects during the 1982 breeding season. Species richness and total density of birds were greater on shrubby transects. Five species were more abundant on shrubby transects. Availability of woody nesting substrates best explained differences in bird species abundances. Differences in shrub coverages between transects were probably the result of different land-use practices. 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,{"id":1007530,"text":"1007530 - 1986 - Cranial morphometry of Pacific coast elk (Cervus elaphus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T11:29:58.495011","indexId":"1007530","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cranial morphometry of Pacific coast elk (Cervus elaphus)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1380957","usgsCitation":"Schonewald-Cox, C., Bayless, J., and Schonewald, J., 1986, Cranial morphometry of Pacific coast elk (Cervus elaphus): Journal of Mammalogy, v. 66, no. 1, p. 63-74, https://doi.org/10.2307/1380957.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131184,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683634","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schonewald-Cox, C.","contributorId":91433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schonewald-Cox","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayless, J.W.","contributorId":15547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schonewald, J.","contributorId":68256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schonewald","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015398,"text":"1015398 - 1986 - [Book review] Fish immunology, edited by M. J. Manning and M. F. Tatner","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-11T17:16:22","indexId":"1015398","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Fish immunology, edited by M. J. Manning and M. F. Tatner","docAbstract":"Review of: Fish Immunology. Edited by M. J. Manning and M. F. Tatner. Academic Press, London. 1985. 374 pages. $32.50. Reviewed by B. R. Griffin, Fish Farming Experimental Station, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Stuttgart, Arkansas 72160, USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1577/00028487.1985.10492818","collaboration":"87-119/FF","usgsCitation":"Griffin, B., 1986, [Book review] Fish immunology, edited by M. J. Manning and M. F. Tatner: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 115, no. 4, p. 641-642, https://doi.org/10.1577/00028487.1985.10492818.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"641","endPage":"642","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262527,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/00028487.1985.10492818"}],"volume":"115","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2c88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, B.R.","contributorId":62169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001305,"text":"1001305 - 1986 - Commercial sunflowers: food for red foxes in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:45","indexId":"1001305","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Commercial sunflowers: food for red foxes in North Dakota","docAbstract":"Stomach contents of 70 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) shot in east-central North Dakota during January 1982 and January 1983 were examined. Commercial sunflower seeds were the most frequently found food item, occurring each year in three-fourths of the stomachs and composing about half of the contents. The remainder of the diet was primarily mammals, but included birds, insects, amphibians, and refuse.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sargeant, A., Allen, S., and Fleskes, J., 1986, Commercial sunflowers: food for red foxes in North Dakota: Prairie Naturalist, v. 18, no. 2, p. 91-94.","productDescription":"p. 91-94","startPage":"91","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae61a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargeant, A.B.","contributorId":13171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, S.H.","contributorId":17570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleskes, J. P.","contributorId":98661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014016,"text":"1014016 - 1986 - Diet related anemia in channel catfish: Case history and laboratory induction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T18:59:36.821519","indexId":"1014016","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet related anemia in channel catfish: Case history and laboratory induction","docAbstract":"<p><span>Severe anemia among fingerling to adult channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) was reported by 39 of 166 catfish farmers in west‐central Alabama in 1983. The hematocrits of moribund fish in ponds ranged from 0 to 5%. Weekly mortalities as high as 5% in individual ponds were recorded. The gills of affected fish were pale or white, the kidneys and spleen were pink, and the liver was gray to tan. In 27 of 29 ponds where the type or brand of feed was changed, deaths ceased within 1 week. However, the disease was noted among fish regardless of the major brand or type of feed used. Under laboratory conditions, the feeding of diets from affected farms induced anemia in fry, but not in subadults. The cause of the anemia was associated with an unidentified factor or factors in diets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C60:DRAICC%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Klar, G.T., Hanson, L.A., and Brown, S.W., 1986, Diet related anemia in channel catfish: Case history and laboratory induction: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 48, no. 1, p. 60-64, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C60:DRAICC%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129877,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d809","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klar, G. T.","contributorId":10744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klar","given":"G.","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, L. A.","contributorId":21111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"L.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, S. W.","contributorId":16788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"S.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013934,"text":"1013934 - 1986 - Tissue distribution and elimination of radiolabelled methyltestosterone fed to adult blue tilapia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T14:32:13.615136","indexId":"1013934","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tissue distribution and elimination of radiolabelled methyltestosterone fed to adult blue tilapia","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id5\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id6\"><p>Radioactivity levels in 10 tissues were monitored for 21 days after adult (1-year-old) blue tilapia,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Oreochromis aureus</i>, were fed a single meal of a diet containing 30 μg unlabelled methyltestosterone (MT) per gram of feed and radiolabelled MT (<sup>3</sup>H-labelled steroid nucleus and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>C-labelled 17α-methyl group). Radioactivity was highest in all tissues 6–12 h after the feeding; about 90% of the radioactivity was in the digestive tract, liver, gall bladder, and kidney. Radioactivity declined nearly 90% by 4 days and only 0.5% of original radioactivity (67 ng/g of fish) remained after 21 days. Half of the remaining exogenous hormone was in digestive and excretory tissues; concentrations in muscle were less than 1 ng/g of tissue. Ratios of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H:<sup>14</sup>C in tissues were similar to those incorporated in the diet and suggested that the 17α-methyl group was not removed during metabolism.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(86)90088-8","usgsCitation":"Goudie, C.A., Shelton, W.L., and Parker, N.C., 1986, Tissue distribution and elimination of radiolabelled methyltestosterone fed to adult blue tilapia: Aquaculture, v. 58, no. 3/4, p. 227-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(86)90088-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130866,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3/4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b468","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goudie, C. A.","contributorId":97851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goudie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, W. L.","contributorId":76269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shelton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":119856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013708,"text":"1013708 - 1986 - Specificity of lipopolysaccharide antigens of Aeromonas salmonicida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:11","indexId":"1013708","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2731,"text":"Microbios Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Specificity of lipopolysaccharide antigens of Aeromonas salmonicida","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbios Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"86-071/FH","usgsCitation":"Pyle, S.W., and Cipriano, R.C., 1986, Specificity of lipopolysaccharide antigens of Aeromonas salmonicida: Microbios Letters, v. 31, no. 123-124, p. 149-155.","productDescription":"p. 149-155","startPage":"149","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"123-124","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5e19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyle, S. W.","contributorId":86720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1012858,"text":"1012858 - 1986 - Past and present status of polar bears in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T15:00:24.248201","indexId":"1012858","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past and present status of polar bears in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., Stirling, I., and Lentfer, J., 1986, Past and present status of polar bears in Alaska: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 14, no. 3, p. 241-254.","productDescription":"14 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,{"id":1013959,"text":"1013959 - 1986 - Strategies for reducing risks from introductions of aquatic organisms: The federal perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T12:17:36.195733","indexId":"1013959","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strategies for reducing risks from introductions of aquatic organisms: The federal perspective","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Lacey Act of 1900 and subsequent amendments have provided the basis for existing federal regulations on species introductions. The 1981 version repealed the Black Bass Act and corrected certain insufficiencies in the original Lacey and Black Bass Acts. A 1977 executive order instructs federal agencies, to the extent permitted by law, to restrict the introductions of exotic species into federally owned or controlled lands and waters. The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and the Endangered Species Act of 1973 indirectly relate to the stocking of exotic fish. The first requires each federal agency to prepare an environmental impact statement if a proposed action, such as a species introduction, may significantly affect the environment. The second regulation prohibits the importation of endangered or threatened animals, and specific exotic fishes could be in one of these categories. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, as part of the Department of Interior's charge, initiated a program in 1977 at Gainesville, Florida, to conduct and coordinate research on non-native fish introduced or considered for stocking into United States waters. Construction of a fishery laboratory and other research facilities began in 1984 and are scheduled for completion in 1987.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(1986)011<0026:SFRRFI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Clugston, J.P., 1986, Strategies for reducing risks from introductions of aquatic organisms: The federal perspective: Fisheries, v. 11, no. 2, p. 26-29, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1986)011<0026:SFRRFI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b11ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clugston, James P.","contributorId":11156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clugston","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":319518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1013745,"text":"1013745 - 1986 - You asked for it! Some things to consider before designing fish farm faciltities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:08","indexId":"1013745","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":855,"text":"Aquaculture Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"You asked for it! Some things to consider before designing fish farm faciltities","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"86-091/FF","usgsCitation":"Dupree, H., and Collins, C., 1986, You asked for it! Some things to consider before designing fish farm faciltities: Aquaculture Magazine, v. 12, no. 5, p. 49-51.","productDescription":"p. 49-51","startPage":"49","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de20e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dupree, H.K.","contributorId":6785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, C.","contributorId":12415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013595,"text":"1013595 - 1986 - Urea cycle activity and arginine formation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-10T16:23:31.042432","indexId":"1013595","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2403,"text":"Journal of Nutrition","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urea cycle activity and arginine formation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Studies were conducted to determine whether rainbow trout fingerlings possess the ability to synthesize arginine via the urea cycle. Several urea cycle enzymes were detected in trout tissues. An experiment was conducted to determine whether the enzymes increase in response to starvation or in response to dietary protein level (0, 30, 40, 50% protein). Although some effects were observed, they did not appear to be consistent with the function of the urea cycle as a mechanism of detoxifying ammonia in the fish. The activities of kidney arginase and liver and muscle carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) were higher (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) when protein was omitted from the diet (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) than when it was present but were unaffected by protein level otherwise. The activities of liver arginase and kidney and muscle CPS and ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) were higher (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) in starved fish than in fish that received adequate levels of protein. Liver CPS and OTC were lower in starved fish than in fish fed 30% protein. L-[l-</span><sup>14</sup><span>C]ornithine hydrochloride and L-[</span><i>carbamoyl</i><span>-</span><sup>14</sup><span>C]citrulline, injected intraperitoneally, were incorporated into tissue arginine, a finding consistent with arginine biosynthesis via the urea cycle. When one-half of dietary arginine was replaced by equimolar amounts of glutamic acid, ornithine or citrulline, glutamic acid markedly reduced growth (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05), whereas growth was depressed only slightly by ornithine (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) and not depressed by citrulline (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&gt; 0.05). We conclude that trout have a urea cyle that provides for potential arginine biosynthesis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1093/jn/116.9.1640","usgsCitation":"Chiu, Y.N., Austic, R.E., and Rumsey, G.L., 1986, Urea cycle activity and arginine formation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): Journal of Nutrition, v. 116, no. 9, p. 1640-1650, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/116.9.1640.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1640","endPage":"1650","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605223","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiu, Y. N.","contributorId":84306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiu","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Austic, R. E.","contributorId":42558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Austic","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013979,"text":"1013979 - 1986 - Review of the intensive culture of walleye fry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T16:04:12.647165","indexId":"1013979","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of the intensive culture of walleye fry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Efficient intensive culture of larval walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum) may soon be realized due to results of research on larval development, culture environment, preferred food organisms, and feeding techniques. Larval behavior and morphology (developmental state) can be used as indicators for appropriate handling and feeding techniques. Certain environmental conditions such as a rearing unit color that contrasts with food organisms, water temperatures of 18‐22°C, uniform lighting, and a stocking density of no more than 35,000 fish/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;reportedly contribute to increased growth and survival. Successful culture requires that suitable food such as cladocerans, copepods, and brine shrimp be continuously available at a high density (0.1 organism/mL). Cannibalism among walleye larvae has not been prevented but has been reduced through the use of suitable fish and food densities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C81:ROTICO%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krise, W.F., and Meade, J.W., 1986, Review of the intensive culture of walleye fry: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 48, no. 2, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C81:ROTICO%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meade, J. W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222101,"text":"5222101 - 1986 - Selenium and heavy metals in San Francisco Bay diving ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-15T15:57:18.11358","indexId":"5222101","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium and heavy metals in San Francisco Bay diving ducks","docAbstract":"<p>We analyzed for selenium (Se) and heavy metals in greater scaups (<i>Aythya marila</i>) and surf scoters (<i>Melanitta perspicillata</i>) collected from southern San Francisco Bay in March and April 1982. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) between species for liver concentrations of silver (Ag), mercury (Hg), or lead (Pb). Copper (Cu) (P &lt; 0.001) and zinc (Zn) (P &lt; 0.01) levels were higher in scaups, whereas Se was higher in scoters (P &lt; 0.001). Chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) occurred in &lt; 50% of the samples, and there was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) between the 2 species. The geometric mean cadmium (Cd) concentration in scoter kidneys (24.6 ppm, dry wt) was higher than in scaups (15.5 ppm) (0.1 &gt; P &gt; 0.05). Liver concentrations of Hg and Se were correlated (P &lt; 0.01). The toxicological significance of some elements in these species is not known. However, Se levels in scoters (34.4 ppm, dry wt) were similar to those in livers of dabbling ducks (Anas spp.) in the nearby San Joaquin Valley where reproduction was impaired severely.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801489","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, H.M., Lowe, R.W., Kelly, P.R., and Harvey, T.E., 1986, Selenium and heavy metals in San Francisco Bay diving ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 1, p. 64-70, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801489.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198246,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.59656918719827,\n              37.957325469924925\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.59656918719827,\n              37.601089561175186\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.20620193662234,\n              37.601089561175186\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.20620193662234,\n              37.957325469924925\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.59656918719827,\n              37.957325469924925\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a00e4b07f02db5f7d11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlendorf, Harry M.","contributorId":60291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowe, Roy W.","contributorId":50847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, Paul R.","contributorId":175074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Thomas E.","contributorId":38089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014351,"text":"1014351 - 1986 - An ecological survey and compariston of bottom fish resource assessments (submersible versus handline fishing) at Johnston Atoll","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:04","indexId":"1014351","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An ecological survey and compariston of bottom fish resource assessments (submersible versus handline fishing) at Johnston Atoll","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fishery Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"86-102/GV","usgsCitation":"Ralston, S., Gooding, R., and Ludwig, G., 1986, An ecological survey and compariston of bottom fish resource assessments (submersible versus handline fishing) at Johnston Atoll: Fishery Bulletin, v. 84, no. 1, p. 141-155.","productDescription":"p. 141-155","startPage":"141","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralston, S.","contributorId":38936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralston","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gooding, R.M.","contributorId":44879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooding","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludwig, G.M.","contributorId":70721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013992,"text":"1013992 - 1986 - Immunoblot assay: a rapid and sensitive method for identification of salmonid fish viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T11:24:55.857476","indexId":"1013992","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immunoblot assay: a rapid and sensitive method for identification of salmonid fish viruses","docAbstract":"<div id=\"9834425\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>An immunoblot assay was used to identify the viruses of infectious pancreatic necrosis, infectious hematopoietic necrosis, and viral hemorrhagic septicemia. Viral antigen in infected cell culture supernatant was adsorbed onto nitrocellulose membrane or Whatman 541 filter paper and detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. The immunoblot assay took less than 4 hr to perform and required no special instrumentation. Assays using cell culture supernatant fluids showed immunoblot sensitivity was 10<sup>5</sup>–10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>PFU/ml. Assay sensitivity, determined using purified virus, is 0.85–4.0 ng of viral antigen. The immunoblot assay was used to detect and identify virus in cell culture fluids.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-22.4.468","usgsCitation":"McAllister, P.E., and Schill, W.B., 1986, Immunoblot assay: a rapid and sensitive method for identification of salmonid fish viruses: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 22, no. 4, p. 468-474, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-22.4.468.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"468","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480146,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-22.4.468","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa9ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014982,"text":"70014982 - 1986 - Predicting two-dimensional steady-state soil freezing fronts using the CVBEM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T13:32:59.291979","indexId":"70014982","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2332,"text":"Journal of Heat Transfer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting two-dimensional steady-state soil freezing fronts using the CVBEM","docAbstract":"The complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) is used instead of a real variable boundary element method due to the available modeling error evaluation techniques developed. The modeling accuracy is evaluated by the model-user in the determination of an approximative boundary upon which the CVBEM provides an exact solution. Although inhomogeneity (and anisotropy) can be included in the CVBEM model, the resulting fully populated matrix system quickly becomes large. Therefore in this paper, the domain is assumed homogeneous and isotropic except for differences in frozen and thawed conduction parameters on either side of the freezing front. The example problems presented were obtained by use of a popular 64K microcomputer (the current version of the program used in this study has the capacity to accommodate 30 nodal points).","language":"English","publisher":"ASME","doi":"10.1115/1.3246896","issn":"00221481","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., 1986, Predicting two-dimensional steady-state soil freezing fronts using the CVBEM: Journal of Heat Transfer, v. 108, no. 1, p. 235-237, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3246896.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224009,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7371e4b0c8380cd7702f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008656,"text":"1008656 - 1986 - Effect of height and orientation (microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T13:14:15.863213","indexId":"1008656","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of height and orientation (microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho","docAbstract":"<p><a id=\"skipNav\" class=\"screenreader-text\" href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/97/7/869/188507/Effect-of-height-and-orientation-microclimate-on#\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/97/7/869/188507/Effect-of-height-and-orientation-microclimate-on\" data-mce-tabindex=\"-1\">Skip Nav Destination</a></p><div class=\"widget widget-SplitView widget-instance-SplitView_Article\"><div class=\"article\"><div class=\"widget widget-ArticleMainView widget-instance-ArticleMainView_Split\"><div class=\"content-inner-wrap\"><div class=\"widget widget-ArticleTopInfo widget-instance-ArticleTopInfo_Split\"><div class=\"module-widget article-top-widget content-metadata_wrap\"><div class=\"article-groups left-flag\"><span class=\"article-client_type\">RESEARCH ARTICLE</span><span class=\"pipe\">|</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"article-date\">JULY 01, 1986</span></div><div class=\"widget-items\"><h1 class=\"wi-article-title article-title-main\">Effect of height and orientation (microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho<span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"icon-availability_unlocked\" title=\"Available\"></i></h1><div class=\"wi-authors\"><div class=\"al-authors-list\"><div class=\"al-author-name\"><a class=\"linked-name js-linked-name stats-author-info-trigger\">KENNETH L. PIERCE</a><span class=\"al-author-delim\">;</span></div><span>&nbsp;</span><div class=\"al-author-name\"><a class=\"linked-name js-linked-name stats-author-info-trigger\">STEVEN M. COLMAN</a></div></div></div><div class=\"js-author-expand-collapse-metadata-wrap author-expand-collapse-metadata-wrap stats-article-metadata-trigger-wrap\"><a class=\"js-expand-collapse-metadata author-expand-collapse-metadata stats-article-metadata-trigger\"><i class=\"js-metadata-toggle-icon icon-general-add\"></i>Author and Article Information</a></div><div class=\"pub-history-wrap clearfix\"><div class=\"pub-history-row clearfix\"><div class=\"ww-citation-primary\">GSA Bulletin (1986) 97 (7): 869–885.</div></div><div class=\"pub-history-row citation-wrap-row clearfix\"><div class=\"ww-citation-wrap-doi\"><div class=\"citation-doi\"><a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97%3C869:EOHAOM%3E2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97%3C869:EOHAOM%3E2.0.CO;2\">https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97&lt;869:EOHAOM&gt;2.0.CO;2</a></div></div><div class=\"ww-citation-history-wrap js-history-dropdown-wrap\"><a class=\"history-label js-history-dropdown-trigger\"><span>Article history</span><i class=\"icon-history-small\"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=\"toolbar-wrap vt-toolbar-wrap\"><div class=\"toolbar-inner-wrap\"><div class=\"toolbar-inner-wrap \"><ul id=\"Toolbar\" class=\"debug js-toolbar toolbar\"><li class=\"toolbar-item item-link\"><a class=\"standard-view\" href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-standard/97/7/869/188507/Effect-of-height-and-orientation-microclimate-on\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-standard/97/7/869/188507/Effect-of-height-and-orientation-microclimate-on\">Standard View</a></li><li class=\"toolbar-item item-with-dropdown item-pdf\"><a class=\"al-link pdf openInAnotherWindow stats-item-pdf-download js-download-file-gtm-datalayer-event  article-pdfLink\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/97/7/869/3434736/i0016-7606-97-7-869.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" data-resourceid=\"188507\" data-resourcetypeid=\"Article\" data-doi=\"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2\" data-doctype=\"contentPdf\" data-article-id=\"188507\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/97/7/869/3434736/i0016-7606-97-7-869.pdf\"><span class=\"screenreader-text\">Open the</span><i class=\"icon-menu_pdf-small\"></i><span>PDF<span class=\"screenreader-text\">for in another window</span></span></a></li><li class=\"toolbar-item item-with-dropdown item-cite\"><a class=\"js-toolbar-dropdown\" data-dropdown=\"CiteDrop\"><i class=\"icon-cite\"></i><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"toolbar-label\"><span class=\"toolbar-text\">Cite</span><span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"icon-general_arrow-down arrow-icon\"></i></span></a></li><li class=\"toolbar-item item-with-dropdown item-share\"><a class=\"drop-trigger js-toolbar-dropdown at-ShareButton\" data-dropdown=\"ShareDrop\"><i class=\"icon-menu_share\"><span class=\"screenreader-text\">Share Icon</span></i><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"toolbar-label\"><span class=\"toolbar-text\">Share</span><span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"arrow-icon icon-general_arrow-down js-toolbar-arrow-icon\"></i></span></a></li><li class=\"toolbar-item item-tools\"><div class=\"widget widget-ToolboxPermissions widget-instance-ToolboxPermissions_Split\"><div class=\"module-widget\"><a id=\"PermissionsLink\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"http://www.copyright.com/openurl.do?issn=1943-2674&amp;WT.mc.id=\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.copyright.com/openurl.do?issn=1943-2674&amp;WT.mc.id=\"><span class=\"toolbar-label\"><span class=\"toolbar-text\"><i id=\"toolbar-permissions-icon\" class=\"icon-menu_permissions\"></i><span id=\"toolbar-permissions-link-text\" class=\"toolbar-text\">Permissions</span></span></span></a></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class=\"article-body\"><div id=\"ContentTab\" class=\"content active\"><div class=\"widget widget-ArticleFulltext widget-instance-ArticleFulltext_Split\"><div class=\"module-widget\"><div class=\"widget-items\" data-widgetname=\"ArticleFulltext\"><h2 id=\"15238950\" class=\"abstract-title jumplink-heading\" data-section-title=\"Abstract\">Abstract</h2><div><div id=\"15238950\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Terrace scarps can serve as a nearly ideal natural laboratory for the study of the evolution of slopes. This paper examines the effects of scarp size (height) and orientation (microclimate) by keeping constant variables such as age, lithology, and regional climate.</p><p>If a scarp degrades as a closed system, and downslope movement is<span>&nbsp;</span><i>directly proportional to surface gradient</i>, the evolution of the scarp is modeled by the diffusion equation. For a group of scarps of same age and known starting angle, the diffusion-equation model predicts the relation between maximum scarp angle (\uD835\uDEC9) and scarp height (<i>h</i>). Late Pleistocene terrace scarps now as steep as 33.25°, as well as measured angles of repose for sand and gravel, require a starting angle as steep as 33.5°. For latest Pleistocene Idaho and Utah scarps, as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>h</i><span>&nbsp;</span>increases, \uD835\uDEC9 is gentler (more degraded) than modeled by the diffusion equation with a constant rate coefficient. The degradation-rate coefficient (<i>c</i>) increases tenfold with scarp height; it should not change with scarp height if downslope movement is solely determined by surface gradient (to the first power). Soil wash appears to be responsible for this departure from the diffusion-equation model, for transport rate by soil wash is a function of scarp size (height).</p><p>South-facing scarps are less vegetated and more degraded than north-facing scarps. For scarps 2 m high, the degradation rate (<i>c</i>*) on S-facing scarps is 2 times that on N-facing scarps; for 10-m scarps, it is 5 times.</p><p>The observed dependence of the rate coefficient<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* on scarp height can be removed by normalizing<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* to values for west-facing scarps of the same height. The residual<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* values calculated by this method correlate well with differences in incident solar radiation resulting from the different scarp orientations and maximum gradients. This correlation demonstrates the importance of orientation on slope processes and their rates through the differences in freeze-thaw cycles, soil moisture, and vegetative cover.</p><p>Scarp morphology may be used to estimate age, if one accounts for the effects of climate and for scarp height, orientation, and lithology. For example, using the dated Bonneville shoreline scarps for calibration and comparing only scarps of equal height, we estimate the Drum Mountains fault scarps to be 9,000 yr old. This age is about twice that produced by previous diffusion-equation calculations that have not accounted for the height as we have here, but it is the same as independent geologic estimates of their age.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., and Colman, S.M., 1986, Effect of height and orientation (microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, p. 869-885, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"885","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":130783,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.51602557981744,\n              45.572610561004154\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.51602557981744,\n              41.825459410226074\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.59415057981727,\n              41.825459410226074\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.59415057981727,\n              45.572610561004154\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.51602557981744,\n              45.572610561004154\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"97","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625639","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":318371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013933,"text":"1013933 - 1986 - Tissue distribution and elimination of radiolabelled methyltestosterone fed to sexually undifferentiated blue tilapia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-08T16:58:23.404457","indexId":"1013933","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tissue distribution and elimination of radiolabelled methyltestosterone fed to sexually undifferentiated blue tilapia","docAbstract":"<p>Populations of monosex male<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Oreochromis aureus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>can result when the synthetic androgen 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) is fed to sexually undifferentiated fish; however, concerns exist over residues of the androgen remaining in fish destined for human consumption. Radioactivity in the carcass and viscera was evaluated in juvenile fish fed steroid-incorporated diet (tritium and carbon-14 labelled MT and 30 μg unlabelled MT/g feed) for 21 days, and depletion was monitored for 21 days after return to an untreated diet.</p><p>Radioactivity was detected in the carcass within 1 h after initial feeding and reached highest levels by 6 h. Most of the radioactivity (&gt; 90%) was in the viscera during the 21 days the radio-labelled diet was being fed. Radioactivity was eliminated exponentially, decreasing by 90% within 24 h after the last feeding. After 21 days of feeding untreated diet, &lt; 1% of the original radioactivity remained (representing about 5 ng MT/g of tissue), and was evenly distributed between carcass and viscera. The observed low levels of residual radioactivity at conclusion of the sex reversal period, as well as anticipated dilution through growth during the culture of fish to marketable size, support the conclusion that no potential health hazard exists for people who eat fish that have been fed MT as juveniles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(86)90087-6","usgsCitation":"Goudie, C.A., Shelton, W.L., and Parker, N.C., 1986, Tissue distribution and elimination of radiolabelled methyltestosterone fed to sexually undifferentiated blue tilapia: Aquaculture, v. 58, no. 3/4, p. 215-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(86)90087-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130865,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3/4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b46e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goudie, C. A.","contributorId":97851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goudie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, W. L.","contributorId":76269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shelton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":119856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015589,"text":"70015589 - 1986 - Mars: A water-rich planet?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T23:44:34.134365","indexId":"70015589","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars: A water-rich planet?","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Mars had outgassed at least 0.5 to 1 km of water, 10 to 20 bar of CO<sub>2</sub>, and 0.1 to 0.3 bar of N<sub>2</sub>. The volatiles that have been retained are mostly in the cratered uplands. Terrain softening, fretted channels, debris flows, and closed depressions indicate that at least the upper 2 km of the cratered uplands at high latitudes (&gt;30°) contain ice in amounts that exceed the porosity, estimated to be 10–20%. Theoretical studies, and lack of these features in the cratered uplands at low latitudes, suggest that the upper 1 km of the uplands at low latitudes is ice poor. However, valley networks indicate that water was present near the surface early in the planet's history, although in amounts smaller than at high latitudes. The entire upper 1 km, planetwide is estimated to have contained 75–125 m of water at the end of heavy bombardment. The largest sink for water is the megaregolith below 1 km. Episodic eruption of water from the deep megaregolith cut many of the large outflow channels. From the volume of water needed to cut the circum-Chryse channels, and assuming uniform planetwide distribution of water, the deep megaregolith is estimated to have contained at least 350 m of water at the end of heavy bombardment, thereby giving a total minimum inventory of 424–475 m planetwide. Most of the water lost from the low-latitude uplands by diffusion and in cutting the valley networks is now believed to be in the polar layered terrains. Most of the water involved in cutting the outflow channels is in the low-lying northern plains where a variety of features that have been attributed to ground ice is present. A large fraction of the planet's surface has been overplated with water-poor volcanics, of which we have samples in the SNC meteorites. The younger volcanics have reacted extensively with the old volatile-rich basement. Some of the CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>outgassed was lost during heavy bombardment by impact erosion of the atmosphere and other processes. The remaining was fixed carbonates and folded deep into the megaregolith during heavy bombardment.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(86)90019-9","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 1986, Mars: A water-rich planet?: Icarus, v. 68, no. 2, p. 187-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(86)90019-9.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5229e4b0c8380cd6c1d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}