{"pageNumber":"49","pageRowStart":"1200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":2263,"records":[{"id":5433,"text":"fs20395 - 1995 - USGS joins Polish scientists to study copper deposit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:47","indexId":"fs20395","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"203-95","title":"USGS joins Polish scientists to study copper deposit","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs20395","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, USGS joins Polish scientists to study copper deposit: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 203-95, 1 sheet : ill., map ; 28 cm. ill., map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20395.","productDescription":"1 sheet : ill., map ; 28 cm. ill., map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32056,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fc15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30116,"text":"wri954070 - 1995 - Infiltration and quality of water for two arroyo channels, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1988-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T16:15:25","indexId":"wri954070","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4070","title":"Infiltration and quality of water for two arroyo channels, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1988-92","docAbstract":"Selected reaches of Grant Line Arroyo and Tijeras Arroyo in\r\nAlbuquerque, New Mexico, were studied to collect information \r\nabout the amount and quality of infiltration through arroyo \r\nchannels. Infiltration rate was calculated for selected reaches\r\nof Grant Line Arroyo and Tijeras Arroyo based on instantaneous \r\nstreamflow-loss volumes, wetted channel area, and instantaneous \r\nevaporation rates measured during 1988-92. Infiltration rates at\r\nGrant Line Arroyo ranged from 0.0 to 0.6 foot per day, and at \r\nTijeras Arroyo from 2.28 to 30 feet per day. The evaporation\r\nrate ranged from one-tenth of 1 percent to 2 percent of the \r\ninfiltration rate.\r\n\r\n     Infiltration rates differed with the location of the reach \r\nisolated for measurement and with the time of day of the \r\ninfiltration-rate measurement. Differences in intrinsic \r\npermeability of the sediments may be the most important factor \r\naffecting spatial variations in infiltration. The most important\r\nfactor affecting temporal variations in infiltration may be the \r\ntemperature of the water and sediment where infiltration occurs.\r\n\r\n     Annual evaporation rates were greatest over saturated stream\r\nsediments and ranged from 802 to 1,025 millimeters per year or \r\nfrom 31.57 to 40.35 inches per year. Annual evaporation rates \r\nwere least over unsaturated, unvegetated soil and ranged from 174\r\nto 291 millimeters per year or from 6.85 to 11.46 inches per\r\nyear. Annual evapotranspiration rates over grasses or shrubs or both \r\nwere about one-half the rates over saturated stream sediments.  \r\nRates were similar for Grant Line and Tijeras Arroyos. The land-\r\nsurface vegetation, availability of water at the land surface, \r\navailability of energy to enable a change of state from water to\r\nvapor, existence of a vapor concentration gradient, and a \r\nturbulent atmosphere to carry the vapor away may be the factors \r\nthat determine the amount of evaporation and evapotranspiration.\r\n\r\n     Water in Grant Line Arroyo and Tijeras Arroyo met U. S. \r\nEnvironmental Protection Agency drinking-water regulations for \r\nnitrate, volatile organic compounds, dissolved lead, and \r\ndissolved and total arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, \r\niron, silver, zinc, selenium, chloride, and sulfate \r\nconcentrations. Total lead concentration in one sample from \r\nTramway Floodway Channel, a tributary to Tijeras Arroyo, was 55 \r\nmicrograms per liter, exceeding the Environmental Protection \r\nAgency drinking-water regulation of 50 micrograms per liter.  \r\nDissolved-solids concentrations calculated from the sum of \r\ncations and anions usually exceeded the Environmental \r\nProtection Agency drinking-water dissolved-solids \r\nregulation of 500 milligrams per liter at Tijeras Arroyo above \r\nFour Hills Bridge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954070","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C.L., 1995, Infiltration and quality of water for two arroyo channels, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1988-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4070, v, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954070.","productDescription":"v, 63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":336821,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4070/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.73698425292969,\n              34.983315402360006\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.41975402832031,\n              34.983315402360006\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.41975402832031,\n              35.21869749632885\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.73698425292969,\n              35.21869749632885\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.73698425292969,\n              34.983315402360006\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Carole L.","contributorId":50938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47862,"text":"fs21395 - 1995 - Seasonal/yearly salinity variations in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T10:58:55","indexId":"fs21395","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"213-95","title":"Seasonal/yearly salinity variations in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>The ability of resource agencies to manage fish, wildlife and freshwater supplies of San Francisco Bay estuary requires an integrated knowledge of the relations between the biota and their physical environment. A key factor in these relations is the role of salinity in determining both the physical and the biological character of the estuary. The saltiness of the water, and particularly its seasonal and interannual patterns of variability, affects which aquatic species live where within the estuary. Salinity also determines where water can and cannot be diverted for human consumption and irrigated agriculture, and plays a role in determining the capacity of the estuary to cleanse itself of wastes. In short, salinity is a fundamental property of estuarine physics and chemistry that, in turn, determines the biological characteristics of each estuary. Freshwater is a major control on estuarine salinity. Most freshwater supplied to the Bay is from river flow through the Delta, which is primarily runoff from the Sierra Nevada. Most contaminants in San Francisco Bay are from the Sacramento/San Joaquin Valley and the local watershed around the Bay rather than the sea or atmosphere. Land is the primary source of freshwater and freshwater serves as a tracer of land-derived substances such as the trace metals (copper, lead and selenium), pesticides and plant nutrients (nitrate and phosphate). The U.S. Geological Survey is collaborating with other agencies and institutions in studying San Francisco Bay salinity using field observations and numerical simulations to define the physical processes that control salinity. The issues that arise from salinity fluctuations, however, differ in the northern and southern parts of the bay. In North Bay we need to know how salinity responds to freshwater flow through the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta; this knowledge will benefit water managers who determine how much delta flow is needed a) to protect freshwater supplies for municipal water use and b) modulate salinity for a healthy estuary. In South Bay we need to know where the freshwater comes from (the distant Delta or local streams) to sort out the sources of a) contamination or b) dilution.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs21395","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D., Cayan, D.R., Dettinger, M., DiLeo, J.S., Hager, S.E., Knowles, N., Nichols, F.H., Schemel, L.E., Smith, R.E., and Uncles, R.J., 1995, Seasonal/yearly salinity variations in San Francisco Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 213-95, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs21395.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_213_95.jpg"},{"id":4060,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sfbay.wr.usgs.gov/hydroclimate/sal_variations/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco ","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.54974365234374,\n              37.42906945530332\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.57745361328125,\n              37.42906945530332\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.57745361328125,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54974365234374,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54974365234374,\n              37.42906945530332\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623747","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David H.","contributorId":82776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":31743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiLeo, Jeanne Sandra","contributorId":101515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiLeo","given":"Jeanne","email":"","middleInitial":"Sandra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hager, Stephen E.","contributorId":34774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knowles, Noah 0000-0001-5652-1049 nknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-1049","contributorId":1380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Noah","email":"nknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nichols, Frederic H.","contributorId":25548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":236409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, Richard E.","contributorId":40606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Uncles, Reginald J.","contributorId":94919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uncles","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":26076,"text":"wri904095 - 1994 - Interactions of metallic substances and acidic ground water in the New Jersey Coastal Plan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri904095","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4095","title":"Interactions of metallic substances and acidic ground water in the New Jersey Coastal Plan","docAbstract":"Four ancillary studies were undertaken in support of an investigation into the extent and distribution of corrosive ground water in the Kirkwood- Cohansey aquifer system of southern New Jersey.The ancillary studies were (1) analysis of tap-water samples for metals and the acquisition of metal data from a county study, (2) leaching experiments in which copper pipe with various types of solder were exposed to a variety of ground-water types, (3) analysis of pipe-scale deposits on plumbing from houses with wells that tap the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, and (4) measurement of corrosion rates for carbon steel and copper exposed to shallow ground water from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system.  The results studies indicate that substantial concentrations of lead, copper, and zinc can leach from plumbing materials exposed to corrosive water from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, and that leaching appears more pronounced during the summer than during the winter. The leaching experiments indicate that the corrosiveness of water, as estimated by the calculation of a corrosion index (the Aggressive Index), is related to the concentration of trace metals in the leachate.Further, although the leaching of lead-bearing solders produced lead concentrations in leachate above the Primary Drinking Water Criterion in effect at the time of the study (50 micrograms per liter), no potentially toxic levels of metals were leached from lead-free solders, although copper concentrations in some leachate samples were in excess of the Secondary Drinking Water Criterion of 1,000 micrograms per liter.   Analyses of pipe-scale deposits indicate the formation of iron oxide coatings on some copper-pipe interiors exposed to untreated well water.   Treated water from a public-supply system precipitated copper carbonate and copper chloride minerals. Corrosion rates measured for copper exposed to corrosive water from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system were slow (less than 0.0254 millimeters per year). Carbon-steel corrosion rates were faster; the fastest rate (0.229 millimeters per year) was measured in oxygen-saturated water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904095","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J.L., 1994, Interactions of metallic substances and acidic ground water in the New Jersey Coastal Plan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4095, vi, 68 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904095.","productDescription":"vi, 68 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4095/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54848,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4095/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4930e4b07f02db581757","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, J. L.","contributorId":13994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19242,"text":"ofr94691 - 1994 - Analytical data for gold, silver, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in samples of stream sediments from the Mogollon and Holt Mountain quadrangles, Catron County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:31","indexId":"ofr94691","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-691","title":"Analytical data for gold, silver, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in samples of stream sediments from the Mogollon and Holt Mountain quadrangles, Catron County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94691","usgsCitation":"Harms, T.F., 1994, Analytical data for gold, silver, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in samples of stream sediments from the Mogollon and Holt Mountain quadrangles, Catron County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-691, 12 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94691.","productDescription":"12 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0691/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48698,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0691/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67fe83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harms, Thelma F.","contributorId":57841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harms","given":"Thelma","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20351,"text":"ofr9468 - 1994 - Rainfall, streamflow, and water-quality data for five small watersheds, Nashville, Tennessee, 1990-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:46","indexId":"ofr9468","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-68","title":"Rainfall, streamflow, and water-quality data for five small watersheds, Nashville, Tennessee, 1990-92","docAbstract":"Rainfall, streamflow, and water-quality data were collected furing storm conditions at five urban watersheds in Nashville, Tennessee. These data can be used to build a database for developing predictive models of the relations between storm- water quality and land use, storm characteristics, and seasonal variations. The primary land and mix of land uses was different for each watershed. Stormwater samples were collected during three storms at each watershed and analyzed for selected volatile, acidic and base/neutral organic compounds; organic pesticides; trace metals; conventional pollutants; and several physical properties. Storm loads were computed for all constituents and properties with event mean concentration above the minimum reporting level. None of the samples con- tained acidic organic compounds at concentrations above the minimum reporting levels. Several constituents in each of the other categories, however, were present at concentrations above the minimum reporting level. For 21 of these constituents, water-quality criteria have been pro- mulgated by the State of Tennessee. For only 8 of the 21 did the value exceed the most restrictive of the criteria: pyrene, dieldrin, and mercury concen- trations and counts of fecal coliform exceeded the criteria for recreational use, copper and zinc concentrations and pH value exceeded the criteria for fish and aquatic life, and lead concentrations exceeded the criteria for domestic supply.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9468","usgsCitation":"Outlaw, G.S., Hoos, A.B., and Pankey, J.T., 1994, Rainfall, streamflow, and water-quality data for five small watersheds, Nashville, Tennessee, 1990-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-68, iv, 43 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9468.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1142,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr_94-68","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b5ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Outlaw, George S.","contributorId":88767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Outlaw","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoos, Anne B. abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":182502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pankey, John T.","contributorId":105750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankey","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":17654,"text":"ofr94315 - 1994 - Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17654,"text":"ofr94315 - 1994 - Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992","indexId":"ofr94315","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":230,"text":"wsp2496 - 2001 - Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992","indexId":"wsp2496","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":230,"text":"wsp2496 - 2001 - Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992","indexId":"wsp2496","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-26T20:56:13.819768","indexId":"ofr94315","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-315","title":"Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992","docAbstract":"<p>The occurrence and distribution of trace elements and of wood-pulp-related compounds in the sediments of Lake Roosevelt and the upstream reach sampler of the Columbia River were studied in 1992. In addition, an analysis of benthic invertebrate community structure and tests of sediment toxicity were conducted. Concentrations of trace elements were elevated, relative to background reference sites, in samples of bed sediment. Copper, lead, and zinc most often exceeded the sediment-quality guidelines for benthic organisms. In whole-water samples, trace-element concentrations did not exceed criteria for freshwater organisms. These concentrations were relatively small, reflecting the small suspended-sediment concentrations and the large water-diluting capacity of the Columbia River. Elevated concentrations of trace elements in sediments are attributable to the transport of metallurgical waste from a smelter discharging to the Columbia River in Canada. Dioxins and furans were found in Columbia River water, but only a few isomers were detected. A furan isomer common in effluent from pulp and paper mills was found in suspended sediment. Dioxins and furans in the water phase were isolated using solid-phase extraction to concentrate these compounds from large volumes of water. Few of the many other organic compounds associated with wood-pulp waste were detected in the bed sediments of Lake Roosevelt. Benthic invertebrate communities in the Columbia River showed effects from trace elements in bed sediments or from loss of physical habitat. Lethal and sublethal effects were observed in toxicity tests of selected aquatic organisms exposed to bed sediments from the Columbia River near the international boundary.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94315","usgsCitation":"Bortleson, G.C., Cox, S., Munn, M., Schumaker, R., Block, E.K., Bucy, L., and Cornelius, R., 1994, Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992 (Rev. ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-315, Report: viii, 130 p.; 1 Plate: 26.48 x 40.66 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94315.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 130 p.; 1 Plate: 26.48 x 40.66 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382640,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0315/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0315/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":382639,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0315/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.24584960937499,\n              48.25851283439989\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.10577392578124,\n              48.25851283439989\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.10577392578124,\n              48.39729713260604\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.24584960937499,\n              48.39729713260604\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.24584960937499,\n              48.25851283439989\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Rev. ed.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bortleson, Gilbert Carl","contributorId":7253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortleson","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, S.E.","contributorId":66663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munn, M.D.","contributorId":77908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schumaker, R.J.","contributorId":82283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumaker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Block, E. K.","contributorId":32134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Block","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bucy, L.R.","contributorId":79126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucy","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cornelius, R.J.","contributorId":77177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornelius","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":26296,"text":"wri944073 - 1994 - Scour assessment at bridges from Flag Point to Million Dollar Bridge, Copper River Highway, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"wri944073","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4073","title":"Scour assessment at bridges from Flag Point to Million Dollar Bridge, Copper River Highway, Alaska","docAbstract":"Twelve bridges are located along the Copper River Highway from Flag Point (Mile 27) to lhe Million Dollar Bridge (Mile 48). These bridges cross all or parts of the Copper River. Channel scour at these bridges was assessed by collecting and analyzing discharge and sediment data, analyzing aerial photography for eight different years, surveying and comparing cross sections, and utilizing scour equations. Between 1968 and 1992, scour occurring at Bridge 331 has formed two distinct channels at the bridge. The channel at Bridge 1187 has remained relatively unchanged between 1968 and 1992. During this same time period, the channel at Bridge 332 appears to have gradually filled. However, during the 1992 runoff season, the channel at this bridge scoured significantly, probably because of its unstable nature. The most significant scour has occurred at Bridge 342. A high-water period in 1981 probably shifted much of the flow of the Copper River through this bridge. As a result, severe contraction scour occurred which required major repairs to the bridge. During 1991 and 1992, the approach channel to Bridge 342 has been migrating, causing scour in the left side of the channel. Bed material at the Million Dollar Bridge consists of hard unweathered boulders nested in dense gravel. Because of this type of erosion-resistant material, no significant scour has occurred at this site. Contraction scour equations overestimated the mean depth of flow at Bridge 331 by 2.6 to 5.0 ft, but were within 1.0 ft of the mean depth of flow for Bridge 1187. The local scour equations generally overestimated local scour at both Bridge 331 and Bridge 1187. The accuracy of some equations was probably affected because water velocities could not be obtained upstream from the piers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944073","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 1994, Scour assessment at bridges from Flag Point to Million Dollar Bridge, Copper River Highway, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4073, v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944073.","productDescription":"v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55102,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4073/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, T. P.","contributorId":103289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29364,"text":"wri934156 - 1994 - Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Owyhee and Vale Projects, Oregon and Idaho, 1990-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:32:52","indexId":"wri934156","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4156","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Owyhee and Vale Projects, Oregon and Idaho, 1990-91","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance investigation was conducted during 1990--91 in the Owyhee and Vale projects in eastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho, as well as at a number of sites in the Snake River and tributaries to the Snake River in the area of study. The objective of the study was to determine if agricultural drainwater entering the study area was causing, or had the potential to cause, significant harmful effects to human health, fish and wildlife, or may adversely affect the suitability of water for beneficial uses.  Approximately 153,000 acres of land are irrigated annually within the areas of the Owyhee and Vale projects. Large quantities of water are required because of the semiarid climate and relatively high evaporation rates. Several reservoirs in the area are filled annually during the wet, nonirrigation season to sustain irrigation during the dry summer months. During the irrigation season, this impounded water, along with direct diversions from the Malheur, Owyhee, and Snake Rivers, is transported to the irrigated areas through a series of diversion tunnels, siphons, canals, aqueducts, ditches, and drains. Major crops grown in the area include sugar beets, alfalfa hay and other hay crops, onions, and winter wheat. Minor crops include corn, potatoes, mint, various seed crops, and fruit. In 1987, it was estimated that the following amounts of pesticides were used in the project areas: 2,4-D (21,000 lbs [pounds]), chlorpyrifos (1,000 lbs), dacthal (40,000 lbs), dicamba (320 lbs), endosulfan (2,500 lbs), ethion (11,000 lbs), malathion (24,000 lbs), parathion (5,000 lbs), and phorate (11,000 lbs).  Median concentrations and values for total dissolved solids, alkalinity, sodium adsorption ratio, and hardness in the Vale project area were greater than 1.5 times those values observed in the Owyhee project area or at other Snake River locations. During irrigation (August 1990), total dissolved solids, alkalinity, sodium adsorption ratio, and hardness values increased in a downstream manner. Constituent values at drainwater sites generally were comparable to concentrations below the irrigated ureas in the Owyhee and Vale project areas.  The trace elements arsenic, boron, copper, molybdenum, vanadium, and zinc were detected in most water samples; cadmium, chromium, lead, and selenium were detected in some samples at concentrations generally near the analytical reporting limit; mercury was not detected in any samples. In some water samples, concentrations of arsenic, boron, cadmium, copper, and lead exceeded State or Federal water-quality standards or criteria.  Most trace elements in bottom sediment were detected at concentrations within the expected 95-percent baseline range for soils from the Western United States. Concentrations that exceeded the 95-percent baseline range for study area soils were: (1) arsenic and lead in one sample from a site in the Vale project area; (2) mercury, lead, and tin in one sample from a site in the Snake River system; (3) manganese in two samples from two sites in the Snake River system; and (4) manganese from one sample from a site in the Vale project area.  Fifteen pesticides and metabolites were detected in whole-water samples collected from sites in the study area. DDT, plus its metabolites (DDE and DDD), dieldrin, endrin, 2,4-D, dicamba, and dacthal were detected in samples collected from seven or more sites. Other pesticides detected included chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, ethion, malathion, parathion, phorate, and lindane. Most of the detected pesticide concentrations generally were largest in drainwater and at the most downstream sampling locations in the Owyhee and Vale project areas. Concentrations exceeded water-quality criteria established for the protection of freshwater aquatic life in 86 percent of the whole-water samples analyzed for DDT plus its metabolites, 71 percent of the dieldrin samples, 14 percent of the endrin samples, and 10 percent of the parathion samples.  Eight pesticides and ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934156","usgsCitation":"Rinella, F.A., Mullins, W., and Schuler, C., 1994, Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Owyhee and Vale Projects, Oregon and Idaho, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4156, vii, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934156.","productDescription":"vii, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58212,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4156/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b29b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinella, F. A.","contributorId":89120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullins, W.H.","contributorId":105345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuler, C.A.","contributorId":42627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70193470,"text":"70193470 - 1994 - Separation of selenium species released from Se-exposed algae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T14:59:29","indexId":"70193470","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Separation of selenium species released from Se-exposed algae","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have assessed a fractionation scheme for selenium species that separates Se-containing amino acids and other organoselenium compounds in aqueous samples. We investigated the retention of standard solutions of selenate (Se</span><sup>+6</sup><span>), selenite (Se</span><sup>+4</sup><span>), and selenomethionine (Se</span><sup>−2</sup><span>) by fractionation media (Sephadex A-25 ion-exchange resin, copper-treated Chelex-100 ligand-exchange resin, and activated charcoal) and by several types of membrane filters. The fractionation method successfully isolated Se from the standard solutions into appropriate fractions for radiometric quantitation of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>75</sup><span>Se. However, some filter media retained unacceptably large amounts of selenate and selenite. Mass balance microcosms were inoculated with green algae (</span><i><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Chlamydomonas</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Chlamydomonas</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>reinhardtii</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">reinhardtii</span></span></i><span>) previously exposed to inorganic<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>75</sup><span>Se, and the fractionation scheme was used to examine the release of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>75</sup><span>Se species into water and air. The results of the microcosm exposure indicate that seasonal blooms and crashes of phytoplankton populations may produce increased concentrations of organoselenium species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(94)90045-0","usgsCitation":"Besser, J.M., Huckins, J.N., and Clark, R.C., 1994, Separation of selenium species released from Se-exposed algae: Chemosphere, v. 29, no. 4, p. 771-780, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)90045-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"780","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fadd2ce4b0531197b13d36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besser, John M. 0000-0002-9464-2244 jbesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2244","contributorId":2073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"John","email":"jbesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":719153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Randal C. rcclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":2877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Randal","email":"rcclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":719154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178158,"text":"70178158 - 1994 - Chemical characterization of sediments and pore water from the upper Clark Fork River and Milltown Reservoir, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T10:47:06","indexId":"70178158","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical characterization of sediments and pore water from the upper Clark Fork River and Milltown Reservoir, Montana","docAbstract":"<p><span>The upper Clark Fork River basin in western Montana is widely contaminated by metals from past mining, milling, and smelting activities As part of a comprehensive ecological risk assessment for the upper Clark Fork River, we measured physical and chemical characteristics of surficial sediment samples that were collected from depositional zones for subsequent toxicity evaluations Sampling stations included five locations along the upper 200 km of the river, six locations in or near Milltown Reservoir (about 205 km from the river origin), and two tributary reference sites Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn decreased from the upper stations to the downstream stations in the Clark Fork River but then increased in all Milltown Reservoir stations to levels similar to uppermost river stations Large percentages (50 to 90%) of the total Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were extractable by dilute (3 n) HCl for all samples Copper and zinc accounted for greater than 95% of extractable metals on a molar basis Acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) concentrations were typically moderate (0 6 to 23 μmol/g) in grab sediment samples and appeared to regulate dissolved (filterable) concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in sediment pore waters Acid volatile sulfide is important in controlling metal solubility in the depositional areas of the Clark Fork River and should be monitored in any future studies Spatial variability within a sampling station was high for Cu, Zn, and AVS, therefore, the potential for toxicity to sediment dwelling organisms may be highly localized.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620131211","usgsCitation":"Brumbaugh, W.G., Ingersoll, C., Kemble, N., May, T., and Zajicek, J., 1994, Chemical characterization of sediments and pore water from the upper Clark Fork River and Milltown Reservoir, Montana: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, no. 12, p. 1971-1983, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131211.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1971","endPage":"1983","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":121189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zajicek, J.L.","contributorId":87086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70186680,"text":"70186680 - 1994 - The Death Valley turtlebacks reinterpreted as Miocene­ Pliocene folds of a major detachment surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T09:50:43","indexId":"70186680","displayToPublicDate":"1994-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3566,"text":"The Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Death Valley turtlebacks reinterpreted as Miocene­ Pliocene folds of a major detachment surface","docAbstract":"<p><span>Determining the origin of extension parallel folds in metamorphic core complexes is fundamental to understanding the development of detachment faults. An excellent example of such a feature occurs in the Death Valley region of California where a major, undulatory, detachment fault is exposed along the well-known turtleback (antiformal) surfaces of the Black Mountains. In the hanging wall of this detachment fault are deformed strata of the Copper Canyon Formation. New age constraints indicate that the Copper Canyon Formation was deposited from ~6 to 3 Ma. The formation was folded during deposition into a SE-plunging syncline with an axial surface coplanar with that of a synform in the underlying detachment. This relation suggests the turtlebacks are a folded detachment surface formed during large-scale extension in an overall constrictional strain field. The present, more planar, Black Mountains frontal fault system may be the result of out-stepping of a normal fault system away from an older detachment fault that was deactivated by folding.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/629715","usgsCitation":"Holm, D.K., Fleck, R.J., and Lux, D.R., 1994, The Death Valley turtlebacks reinterpreted as Miocene­ Pliocene folds of a major detachment surface: The Journal of Geology, v. 102, no. 6, p. 718-727, https://doi.org/10.1086/629715.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"718","endPage":"727","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a548e4b09da6799d63c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm, Daniel K.","contributorId":190669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holm","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lux, Daniel R.","contributorId":86395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lux","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185413,"text":"70185413 - 1994 - Geochemical interactions between constituents in acidic groundwater and alluvium in an aquifer near Globe, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:39:07","indexId":"70185413","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical interactions between constituents in acidic groundwater and alluvium in an aquifer near Globe, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>Acidic water from a copper-mining area has contaminated an alluvial aquifer and stream near Globe, Arizona. The most contaminated groundwater has a pH of 3.3, and contains about 100 mmol/1 SO<sub>4</sub>, 50 mmol/1 Fe, 11 mmol/1 Al and 3 mmol/1 Cu. Reactions between alluvium and acidic groundwater were first evaluated in laboratory column experiments. A geochemical model was developed and used in the equilibrium speciation program, MINTEQA2, to simulate breakthrough curves for different constituents from the column. The geochemical model was then used to simulate the measured changes in concentration of aqueous constituents along a flow path in the aquifer.</p><p>The pH was predominantly controlled by reaction with carbonate minerals. Where carbonates had been dissolved, adsorption of H<sup>+</sup> by iron oxides was used to simulate pH. Acidic groundwater contained little or no dissolved oxygen, and most aqueous Fe was present as Fe(II). In the anoxic core of the plume, Fe(II) was oxidized by MnO<sub>2</sub> to Fe(III), which then precipitated as Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>. Attenuation of aqueous Cu, Co, Mn, Ni and Zn was a function of pH and could be quantitatively modeled with the diffuse-layer, surface complexation model in MINTEQA2. Aluminum precipitated as amorphous Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> at pH &lt; 4.7 and as AlOHSO<sub>4</sub> at pH &lt; 4.7. Aqueous Ca and SO<sub>4</sub>were close to equilibrium with gypsum.</p><p>After the alluvium in the column had reached equilibrium with acidic groundwater, uncontaminated groundwater was eluted through the column to evaluate the effect of reactants on groundwater remediation. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni and Zn rapidly decreased to the detection limits within a few pore volumes. All of the gypsum that had precipitated initially redissolved, resulting in elevated Ca and SO<sub>4</sub>concentrations for about 5 pore volumes. Aluminum and pH exhibited the most potential for continued adverse effects on groundwater quality. As H<sup>+</sup> desorbed from Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>, pH remained below 4.5 for more than 20 pore volumes, resulting in dissolution of AlOHSO<sub>4</sub> and elevated aqueous Al.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(94)90058-2","usgsCitation":"Stollenwerk, K.G., 1994, Geochemical interactions between constituents in acidic groundwater and alluvium in an aquifer near Globe, Arizona: Applied Geochemistry, v. 9, no. 4, p. 353-369, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(94)90058-2.","productDescription":"17 p. ","startPage":"353","endPage":"369","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b97e4b0236b68f8296e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208167,"text":"70208167 - 1994 - Evaluation of effects caused by high copper concentrations in Torch Lake, Michigan, on reproduction of yellow perch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-29T11:05:06","indexId":"70208167","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-29T10:53:49","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of effects caused by high copper concentrations in Torch Lake, Michigan, on reproduction of yellow perch","docAbstract":"<p><span>Elevated concentrations of copper are present in Torch Lake, Michigan, an Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site. The sauger (</span><i>Stizostedion canadense</i><span>) population in Torch Lake has been extirpated and walleye (</span><i>Stizostedion vitreum</i><span>) populations are maintained by stocking. We used yellow perch (</span><i>Perca flavescens</i><span>) to determine if chronic exposure to elevated copper concentrations has reduced the reproductive success of percids. Ripe yellow perch from Torch Lake and Gratiot Lake, a reference site, were captured between 6 May and 6 June 1990. Crosses were made within each lake and between lakes (both combinations); five pairs of each type were attempted. Portions of each egg mass were reared in Torch Lake water (34 ng/mL copper) and reference site water (Rice Lake) until 4 days posthatch (20-d to 28-d). Copper concentrations were found to be over two times as high as in reference samples both in Torch Lake water and in gonads of perch from Torch Lake. The percentages of eggs hatched in Torch Lake and reference lake water were not significantly different, although a trend of reduced hatch in Torch Lake water was apparent. Likewise, no significant differences were indicated in hatching success among crosses. However, duration of hatching was significantly longer for Torch Lake egg masses than for reference lake egg masses, indicating that copper may affect reproductive success through disruption of hatch coordination with food availability or reduction of larval fitness.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(94)71169-2","usgsCitation":"Ellenberger, S., Baumann, P.C., and May, T.W., 1994, Evaluation of effects caused by high copper concentrations in Torch Lake, Michigan, on reproduction of yellow perch: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 20, no. 3, p. 531-536, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(94)71169-2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"531","endPage":"536","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Keweenaw Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.61572265625,\n              47.327653995607115\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.6431884765625,\n              47.18224592701489\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.64044189453124,\n              47.09817500706038\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.54156494140625,\n              47.034566583590426\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.35479736328125,\n              46.931509883369316\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.53631591796875,\n              47.4355191531953\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.8521728515625,\n              47.56540738772852\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.4564208984375,\n              47.4355191531953\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.61572265625,\n              47.327653995607115\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellenberger, S.A.","contributorId":221950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellenberger","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baumann, Paul C.","contributorId":104455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumann","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":780789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4493,"text":"cir1120D - 1994 - Major ions, nutrients, and trace elements in the Mississippi River near Thebes, Illinois, July through September 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T13:50:45","indexId":"cir1120D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1120","chapter":"D","title":"Major ions, nutrients, and trace elements in the Mississippi River near Thebes, Illinois, July through September 1993","docAbstract":"<p>Extensive flooding in the upper Mississippi River Basin during summer 1993 had a significant effect on the water quality of the Mississippi River. To evaluate the change in temporal distribution and transport of dissolved constituents in the Mississippi River, six water samples were collected by a discharge-weighted method from July through September 1993 near Thebes, Illinois. Sampling at this location provided water-quality information from the upper Mississippi, the Missouri, and the Illinois River Basins. </p><p>Dissolved major constituents that were analyzed in each of the samples included bicarbonate, calcium (Ca), carbonate (C03), chloride (Cl), dissolved organic carbon, magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), silica NOD, sodium (Na), and sulfate (S04). Dissolved nutrients included ammonium ion (NH4), nitrate (N03), nitrite (N02), and orthophosphate (P04) . Dissolved trace elements included aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), boron (B), beryllium (Be), bromide (Br), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt, (Co), copper (Cu), fluoride (F), iron (Fe), lead, lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), strontium (Sr), thallium, uranium (U), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn). Other physical properties of water that were measured included specific conductance, pH and suspended-sediment concentration (particle size, less than 63 micrometers). </p><p>Results of this study indicated that large quantities of dissolved constituents were transported through the river system. Generally, pH, alkalinity, and specific conductance and the concentrations of B, Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, K, Li, Mg, Mo, Na, S04, Sr, U, and V increased as water discharge decreased, while concentrations of F, Hg, and suspended sediment sharply decreased as water discharge decreased after the crest of the flood. Concentrations of other constituents, such as Al, As, Ba, Be, Co, Cu, Ni, N03, N02, NH4, P04, and Si02, varied with time as discharge decreased after the crest of the flood. </p><p>For most constituents, the load transported during floods generally is much greater than that transported during low-flow conditions. How ever, for Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, V, and Zn, loads increased substantially as water discharge decreased after the crest of the flood. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1120D","usgsCitation":"Taylor, H.E., Antweiler, R.C., Brinton, T.I., Roth, D.A., and Moody, J.A., 1994, Major ions, nutrients, and trace elements in the Mississippi River near Thebes, Illinois, July through September 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1120, v, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1120D.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":538,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":4349,"text":"cir1106 - 1994 - Mineral-resource assessments in Alaska; background information to accompany maps and reports about the geology and undiscovered-mineral-resource potential of the Mount Katmai Quadrangle and adjacent parts of the Naknek and Afognak quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir1106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1106","title":"Mineral-resource assessments in Alaska; background information to accompany maps and reports about the geology and undiscovered-mineral-resource potential of the Mount Katmai Quadrangle and adjacent parts of the Naknek and Afognak quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula","docAbstract":"Geologic and geochemical field studies were carded out from 1983 to 1987 in the Mount Katmai l?x2 ? quadrangle and adjoining region, at the northeast end of the Alaska Peninsula. The region is nearly entirely within Katmai National Park and Preserve and has had almost no mineral production, so prior to this study there were few data by which to assess the mineral potential of the region. This report describes the folio of publications that have resulted from the study: geologic maps, geochemical results, fossil identifications, radiometric rock ages, and an assessment of the undiscovered-mineral-resource potential of the region. \r\n\r\nThe Katmai region is inferred to potentially have three types of undiscovered mineral deposits: porphyry copper (molybdenum), precious-metal vein, and hot-springs gold. These deposit types occur elsewhere on the Alaska Peninsula in similar geologic units. Evidence suggesting their occurrence in the Katmai region is the presence of trace amounts of metals typically associated with these kinds of deposits in bedrock of certain tracts and in sediments of streams draining those tracts. Magma to provide heat, fractures to provide pathways for mineralizing fluids, and altered rock are required by genetic models of these deposit types. Such features do occur in the Katmai tracts. Confirmation of any mineral deposit in the Katmai region requires detailed follow-up sampling and acquisition of subsurface information, which is beyond the scope of this study. However, producing porphyry deposits are unknown elsewhere on the Alaska Peninsula in similar rocks, so if any such deposits occur in the Katmai region, they are likely to be few in number. Conversely, vein deposits are typically small in size so there may be several of such deposits.\r\n\r\nThe properties and thermal history of the sedimentary rocks that could serve as reservoirs for oil or gas are unfavorable in adjacent regions. Thus the potential of the Katmai region for producible quantities of fossil fuels is low. In theory the region has shallow concentrations of geothermal fluids, but specific evidence for their presence is obscured by heavy precipitation and cold young rocks or deposits. Small volumes of coal occur at tidewater sites on the Pacific coast.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/cir1106","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Church, S.E., Detterman, R.L., and Miller, J.W., 1994, Mineral-resource assessments in Alaska; background information to accompany maps and reports about the geology and undiscovered-mineral-resource potential of the Mount Katmai Quadrangle and adjacent parts of the Naknek and Afognak quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1106, vi, 13 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1106.","productDescription":"vi, 13 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1994/1106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31458,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1994/1106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648628","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Detterman, R. L.","contributorId":71525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, J. W.","contributorId":62199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":61305,"text":"mf2081G - 1994 - Maps showing interpretation, using R-mode factor analysis, of trace-element abundances in heavy-mineral concentrate samples, Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-01T19:04:20.674893","indexId":"mf2081G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2081","chapter":"G","title":"Maps showing interpretation, using R-mode factor analysis, of trace-element abundances in heavy-mineral concentrate samples, Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"A set of heavy-mineral concentrate data for the Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah Conterminous U.S. Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP) project was compiled from results of analyses of samples collected during the National Uranium Resource Evaluation Program (SURE), as well as results obtained from samples collected more recently by the USGS. Data results, sampling methods, and analytical methods are provided in Abrogast and others, 1993; 1990; 1988a; 1988b). A similar report, discussing results obtained from stream-sediment samples, is presented in Zimbelman (1993a). The Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah (figure 1) contains a variety of hydrothermal mineral deposit types, including porphyry-, vein-, replacement-, and Carlin-type deposits. These deposit types have been worked for commodities including gold, silver, beryllium, uranium, lead, zinc, copper, manganese, and cadmium (Lindsey, 1977; Morris and Mogensen, 1978; Zimbelman and others, 1990; Zimbelman and others, 1988). Heavy-mineral concentrate and stream-sediment samples derived from these hydrothermally altered rocks typically contain many geochemical anomalies (for example, see Zimbelman 1993b, c, d). Element associations characterizing lithology and hydrothermal mineral deposits can be distinguished using R-mode factor analysis. This tool often is useful in reconnaissance-scale surveys where sample anomalies are often weak. and single-element distributions may not help to delineate targets. R-mode factors analysis can help identify geologic trends and areas most likely to contain the mineral deposits. R-mode factor analysis was performed on a data set of results of analyses for 19 elements in 643 samples and produced a six-factor model. These six factors represent the geochemical contributions to the data set provided by lithologic and mineralization processes, The distribution of samples that contain high scores for mineralization-related factors is widespread in the Delta quadrangle. These sample sites are though to relate to both known prospect and mineralization areas, as well as define new areas that are geochemically favorable to contain altered or mineralized rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2081G","usgsCitation":"Zimbelman, D.R., 1994, Maps showing interpretation, using R-mode factor analysis, of trace-element abundances in heavy-mineral concentrate samples, Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2081, 2 Plates: 43.24 x 59.05 inches and 44.52 x 58.91 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2081G.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 43.24 x 59.05 inches and 44.52 x 58.91 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406086,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5688.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2081g.jpg"},{"id":284431,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-G/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284432,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-G/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,39.0 ], [ -114.0,40.0 ], [ -112.0,40.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -114.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6636e4b0b2908510096e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimbelman, David R.","contributorId":58253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27555,"text":"wri934175 - 1994 - Particulate, colloidal, and dissolved-phase associations of plutonium and americium in a water sample from well 1587 at the Rocky Flats Plant, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-15T11:52:26","indexId":"wri934175","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4175","title":"Particulate, colloidal, and dissolved-phase associations of plutonium and americium in a water sample from well 1587 at the Rocky Flats Plant, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>In November 1991, the initial phase of a study to determine the dominant aqueous phases that control the transport of plutonium (Pu), americium (Am), and uranium (U) in surface and groundwater at the Rocky Flats Plant was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey. By use of the techniques of stirred-cell spiral-flow filtration and crossflow ultrafiltration, particles of three size fractions were collected from a 60-liter sample of water from well 1587 at the Rocky Flats Plant. These samples and corresponding filtrate samples were analyzed for Pu and Am. As calculated from the analysis of filtrates, 65 percent of Pu 239 and 240 activity in the sample was associated with particulate and largest colloidal size fractions. Particulate (22 percent) and colloidal (43 percent) fractions were determined to have significant activities in relation to whole-water Pu activity. Am and Pu 238 activities were too low to be analyzed. Examination and analyses of the particulate and colloidal phases indicated the presence of mineral species (iron oxyhydroxides and clay minerals) and natural organic matter that can facilitate the transport of actinides in ground water. High concentrations of the transition metals copper and zinc in the smallest colloid fractions strongly indicate a potential for organic complexation of metals, and potentially of actinides, in this size fraction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934175","usgsCitation":"Harnish, R., McKnight, D.M., and Ranville, J., 1994, Particulate, colloidal, and dissolved-phase associations of plutonium and americium in a water sample from well 1587 at the Rocky Flats Plant, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4175, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934175.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359450,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4175/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4175/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.23941040039062,\n              39.86916866504292\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.16542434692383,\n              39.86916866504292\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.16542434692383,\n              39.91645127493918\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.23941040039062,\n              39.91645127493918\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.23941040039062,\n              39.86916866504292\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harnish, R.A.","contributorId":44565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harnish","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":198313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ranville, James F.","contributorId":31797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranville","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017035,"text":"70017035 - 1994 - Zinc, copper, and lead in mid-ocean ridge basalts and the source rock control on Zn/Pb in ocean-ridge hydrothermal deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-22T11:31:02.549445","indexId":"70017035","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zinc, copper, and lead in mid-ocean ridge basalts and the source rock control on Zn/Pb in ocean-ridge hydrothermal deposits","docAbstract":"<p>The contents of Zn, Cu, and Pb in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and the MORB source-rock control on Zn/Pb in ocean-ridge hydrothermal deposits are examined. The values of Zn, Cu, and Pb for submarine mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) are, respectively (in ppm): average MORB—75, 75, and 0.7; West Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge (JFR)—87, 64, and 0.5; southern JFR—120 and 0.5; and 21°N, East Pacific Rise (EPR)—73, 78, and 0.5. Values of Zn/Pb range from about 100–240 and Cu/ Pb from 100–156. In this study, Zn is found to correlate positively with TiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>+ FeO (mean square of weighted deviates, MSWD, of 1.6 for JFR basalt), and inversely with Mg number (MSWD of 3.5). Therefore, contrary to statements in the literature that Zn should be compatible in MORB, Zn is a mildly incompatible element and must be enriched in the glass phase relative to olivine as Zn does not fit into the other major phenocryst phase, plagioclase. In the source of MORB, Zn likely is most enriched in oxides: spinel, magnetite, and titanomagnetite.</p><p>Copper generally does not correlate well with other elements in most MORB data examined. When differentiation is dominated by olivine, Cu has a tendency to behave incompatibly (e.g., at Mg numbers &gt; 70), but, overall, Cu shows some tendency towards being a compatible element, particularly along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a behavior presumably due to separation of sulfides in which Cu (but not Zn) is markedly enriched. Copper thus may be in dispersed sulfides in the source of MORB.</p><p>Ocean ridges provide important data on source-rock controls for sulfide deposits because, in sediment-starved ridges, much is known about the possible source rocks and mineralization is presently occurring. In contrast to Zn/Pb ~5 in continental hot Cl-rich brines, Zn/Pb in the hottest sediment-starved ridge black smoker hydrothermal fluids at 21 °N, EPR is about 110, similar to local MORB (145), but Cu/Pb is closer to 30, possibly due to subsurface deposition of Cu. At the JFR, the best value of Zn/Pb in the hydrothermal fluids is about 175, again similar to local MORB (240), but Cu is very low in the fluids that are at temperatures less than 300°C. The large MORB-like Zn/Pb in the hottest black-smoker fluids suggests a source-rock control for the metals that prohibits significant galena in the black-smoker deposits of sediment-starved ridges. In contrast, exhalative deposits on sediment-swamped ridges have significant galena; its presence is suggestive of Pb derivation from sediments, an origin supported by Pb isotope studies of LeHuray and colleagues in 1988.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(94)90006-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Doe, B.R., 1994, Zinc, copper, and lead in mid-ocean ridge basalts and the source rock control on Zn/Pb in ocean-ridge hydrothermal deposits: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, no. 10, p. 2215-2223, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90006-X.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2215","endPage":"2223","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225046,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd281e4b08c986b32f84f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doe, B. R.","contributorId":52173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017055,"text":"70017055 - 1994 - Chemistry of manganese precipitation in Pinal Creek, Arizona, USA: A laboratory study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:28:55","indexId":"70017055","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry of manganese precipitation in Pinal Creek, Arizona, USA: A laboratory study","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater underlying the valley of Pinal Creek downstream from Globe, Arizona, has been contaminated by low-pH metal-enriched wastewater from copper mining and ore processing at Miami, Arizona. At present, the acidity and most of the dissolved metal content, except for Mn, of the wastewater is removed by reactions with carbonate and other solids in the alluvial aquifer before the neutralized contaminated water enters the creek channel and becomes surface flow. Where flow in the creek is perennial, Mn-bearing precipitates are formed in the stream bed and in some places in the subsurface. As an aid to understanding the processes involved and explaining the mineralogy of the precipitates, closely controlled laboratory redox titration experiments were performed on samples of surface flow and groundwater taken near the head of perennial flow in the creek.</p><p>The high content of dissolved Ca, Mg, Mn and COP<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>species in the neutralized contaminated groundwater caused precipitation of some of the Mn as kutnahorite, (Mn, Mg)Ca(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, when the experimental system was held between pH 8.5 and 9.0 while CO<sub>2</sub>-free air was bubbled into the solution. Hausmannite and manganite also were precipitated, in somewhat lower amounts. When the concentrations of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>species in the groundwater sample were decreased before the experiment was started, the Mn precipitated was predominantly in the oxides hausmannite and manganite. In some of the experimental titrations clinoenstatite, (MgSiO<sub>3</sub>), was precipitated. After titrations were stopped the solutions and precipitates were allowed to stand, with limited access to the atmosphere, for several months. During this aging period the degree of oxidation of the precipitated Mn increased and in one precipitate from an experimental solution the Ca + Mn<sup>4+</sup>oxides todorokite and takanelite were identified. These oxides also have been identified in streambed precipitates. Some of these precipitates also gave X-ray diffraction reflections for kutnahorite.</p><p>Thermodynamic feasibilities of eight potential chemical reactions forming solid phases of interest were evaluated by calculating their respective reaction affinities attained during titration and aging. The results are in general agreement with the indications for the presence of these species given by X-ray and electron diffraction. The presence of carbonates in precipitated encrustations formed from groundwater below the land surface and their occurrence in manganese oxide crusts that precipitate from the creek water, also are predicted by these results.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(94)90562-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hem, J., and Lind, C.J., 1994, Chemistry of manganese precipitation in Pinal Creek, Arizona, USA: A laboratory study: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, no. 6, p. 1601-1613, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90562-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1601","endPage":"1613","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5aae4b0c8380cd4c35b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hem, J.D.","contributorId":54576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lind, Carol J.","contributorId":36110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lind","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017378,"text":"70017378 - 1994 - The Myszkow porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, Poland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-15T12:23:13.313887","indexId":"70017378","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Myszkow porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, Poland","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><p class=\"first last\">The porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit at Myszkow, south-central Poland, lies in the Cracow-Silesian orogenic belt, in the vicinity of a Paleozoic boundary between two tectonic plates. The deposit is hosted in a complex that includes early Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks intruded in the late Paleozoic by a predominantly granodioritic pluton. This deposit exhibits many features that are typical of porphyry copper deposits associated with calc-alkaline intrusive rocks, including ore- and alteration-mineral suites, zoning of ore and alteration minerals, fluid-inclusion chemistry, tectonic setting, and structural style of veining. Unusual features of the Myszkow deposit include high concentrations of tungsten and the late Paleozoic (Variscan) age.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206819409465497","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., Eppinger, R., Lason, K., Slosarz, J., and Podemski, M., 1994, The Myszkow porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, Poland: International Geology Review, v. 36, no. 10, p. 947-960, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206819409465497.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"947","endPage":"960","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228651,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba80fe4b08c986b3219b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eppinger, R. G.","contributorId":100837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lason, K.","contributorId":32319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lason","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slosarz, J.","contributorId":75714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slosarz","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Podemski, M.","contributorId":22105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podemski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":27001,"text":"wri944023 - 1994 - Techniques for estimating the quantity and quality of storm runoff from urban watersheds of Jefferson County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri944023","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4023","title":"Techniques for estimating the quantity and quality of storm runoff from urban watersheds of Jefferson County, Kentucky","docAbstract":"Linear regression models are presented for estimating storm-runoff volumes, and mean con- centrations and loads of selected constituents in storm runoff from urban watersheds of Jefferson County, Kentucky. Constituents modeled include dissolved oxygen, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, total and suspended solids, volatile residue, nitrogen, phosphorus and phosphate, calcium, magnesium, barium, copper, iron, lead, and zinc. Model estimations are a function of drainage area, percentage of impervious area, climatological data, and land uses. Estimation models are based on runoff volumes, and concen- trations and loads of constituents in runoff measured at 6 stormwater outfalls and 25 streams in Jefferson County.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, ESIC, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944023","usgsCitation":"Evaldi, R., and Moore, B., 1994, Techniques for estimating the quantity and quality of storm runoff from urban watersheds of Jefferson County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4023, v, 70 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944023.","productDescription":"v, 70 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4023/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55888,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4023/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evaldi, R. D.","contributorId":93909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evaldi","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":197387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, B.L.","contributorId":96281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26938,"text":"wri934090 - 1994 - Assessment of surface-water quality and water-quality control alternatives, Johnson Creek Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:32:28","indexId":"wri934090","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4090","title":"Assessment of surface-water quality and water-quality control alternatives, Johnson Creek Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"Johnson Creek flows through a basin of approximately 51 square miles with mixed land uses over a reach of approximately 24 river miles from southeast of Gresham, Oregon, to its confluence with the Willamette River in Milwaukie, Oregon. Land uses within the basin include forested and agricultural lands, suburban residential, urban, and light industrial. Surface runoff and ground-water flow from the basin's areas of various land-use contain concentrations of some nutrients, trace elements, and organic compounds at levels exceeding U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) criteria. Concentrations of dissolved cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and silver, total recoverable chlordane, dieldrin, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) plus metabolites indicate that sources of at least one or more of these constituents exist in virtually every reach of Johnson Creek. Crystal Springs Creek is a major source of nutrients in lower Johnson Creek. Concentrations of dissolved nitrate and orthophosphorus in Johnson Creek are elevated at low flow, and are reduced by dilution when urban runoff flows into the creek during storms. Total-phosphorus concentrations exceed USEPA criteria at several sites in Johnson Creek during low flow, and at all sites during periods of storm runoff. The low-flow concentration of dissolved silver exceeded the USEPA Fresh Water Chronic Toxicity (FWCT) criterion only in Crystal Springs Creek. Concentrations of dissolved cadmium, copper, lead, and mercury exceeded FWCT criteria at selected sites in Johnson creek basin during storm runoff.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934090","usgsCitation":"Edwards, T., 1994, Assessment of surface-water quality and water-quality control alternatives, Johnson Creek Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4090, v, 50 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934090.","productDescription":"v, 50 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4090/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55829,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4090/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671d56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, T.K.","contributorId":99995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016742,"text":"70016742 - 1994 - Geology and geochemistry of Summitville, Colorado: An epithermal acid sulfate deposit in a volcanic dome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T17:09:49.569264","indexId":"70016742","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and geochemistry of Summitville, Colorado: An epithermal acid sulfate deposit in a volcanic dome","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geologic studies during recent open-pit mining at Summitville, Colorado, have provided new information on an epithermal acid sulfate Au-Ag-Cu deposit formed in a volcanic dome. Geologic mapping, geochemical studies of whole-rock samples from blast holes, and geologic and geochemical traverse studies refine the details of the evolution of the Summitville deposit. Six distinct events followed emplacement of the quartz latite volcanic dome and define the development of the Summitville deposit: (1) an early stage of acid sulfate alteration, (2) subsequent Cu sulfide and gold mineralization, (3) widespread hydrothermal brecciation, (4) volumetrically minor, base metal sulfide-bearing barite veining, (5) volumetrically minor, kaolinite matrix brecciation, and finally, (6) supergene oxidation. Events 1 and 2 were the most important for the formation of the Summitville deposit. Acid sulfate altered rock is primarily found in the quartz latite volcanic dome rock and consists of vuggy silica (central), quartz-alunite, quartz-kaolinite, argillic, and propylitic (distal) zones. Ore deposition (event 2) of enargite, luzonite, covellite, pyrite, native sulfur, marcasite, and minor sphalerite, native gold, + or - barite and galena overprinted the acid sulfate altered rocks. Events 3, 4, and 5 are geologically important but rarely formed units large enough to be considered mineable ore by open-pit mining. The final supergene oxidation event affected much of the near-surface portion of the deposit and leached copper and sulfide minerals forming oxide zones. Near-surface oxide zones contain the highest Au grades and decrease progressively with depth.Fractures were important fbr localizing both the acid sulfate altered rock and ore deposition at Summitville. Such fracture control is apparent despite a lack of distinct throughgoing open-space quartz veins; instead, laterally and vertically extensive ore zones are identified by their highly silicified character that can be traced laterally for up to 500 m and vertically up to 200 m. Ore zones strike parallel to regional faults related to rifting and basin and range development, suggesting that hydrothermal fluids followed preexisting fractures. Ore zones follow two northwest trends, a N 30 degrees W + or - 20 degrees trend, and a N 60 degrees W trend. Most fractures and faults in the open pit dip steeply from 65 degrees to vertical. Ore zones intersect near the center of the deposit to form a large zone approximately 150 by 400 m. Ore zones form a rough radial pattern located near the center of the deposit and a discontinuous arcuate feature on the northern side. This radial pattern, arcuate feature, and the intersection of ore zones near the center of the deposit are probably related to the intrusion of a porphyry below the deposit. The overall low Au-grade, high-tonnage character of the Summitville deposit is related to low permeability in the quartz latite volcanic dome rock and absence of well-developed open-space hydrothermal veins.Gold analyses of development drill holes and blast hole samples, in conjunction with geologic mapping in the open pit, indicate that vuggy silica, quartz-alunite, and quartz-kaolinite altered rock constitute most of the Au ore. Vuggy silica averaged 2.4 ppm Au, quartz-alunite averaged 1.2 ppm Au, and quartz-kaolinite averaged 0.86 ppm Au during open-pit mining. Grades for argillically altered rock were usually below the ore cutoff of 0.34 ppm Au. Propylitically altered rock rarely contained detectable Au concentrations (0.03 ppm Au) and constituted only waste rock. Although volumetrically minor, event 4 base metal sulfide-bearing barite veins and event 5 kaolinite matrix breccias contained high Au grades (up to about 800 ppm Au), producing approximately 5 to 15 percent of the total Au mined in the deposit.Geochemical studies of samples collected across traverses of altered and mineralized ore zones indicate that Te, Bi, and Pb are characteristic trace elements, in addition to Au, Ag, Cu, and As that are typical of acid sulfate mineral deposits. Anomalous Te is associated with Cu sulfides and gold in vuggy silica zones. Anomalous Bi and Pb concentrations correlate most consistently with quartz-alunite zones. Thallium is also anomalous at Summitville. Highest concentrations of Tl are found in argillic rock, whereas silicified zones are depleted in it. The anomalous Tl in distal zones is similar to observations in some porphyry Cu systems. Pronounced lateral zonation of Ag/Au ratios is present in the deposit. The Ag/Au ratios vary from about 2:1 near the center of the orebody to greater than 20:1 on the periphery.The Summitville deposit is located in the midlevel portion of a mineralized volcanic dome, with a porphyry system at depth, and a hot springs environment at the surface. Drill holes through the volcanic dome intersected a quartz monzonite porphyry approximately 600 m below the surface that is altered to sericite and pyrite similar to some porphyry deposits. Laterally extensive cristobalite and opal replacing quartz latite are found southwest of the deposit and represent a hot-spring environment. Bedded siliceous sinter, some of which contains plant debris, overlies the cristobalite and opal at some localities. These deposits may represent surface vents for the fluids responsible for acid sulfate alteration or mineralization of the volcanic dome.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.89.8.1906","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., and Coolbaugh, M., 1994, Geology and geochemistry of Summitville, Colorado: An epithermal acid sulfate deposit in a volcanic dome: Economic Geology, v. 89, no. 8, p. 1906-1923, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.89.8.1906.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1906","endPage":"1923","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a22d7e4b0c8380cd573ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coolbaugh, M.F.","contributorId":55034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coolbaugh","given":"M.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20964,"text":"ofr94408 - 1994 - Geochemical maps of copper, lead, and zinc, upper Arkansas River drainage basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T19:14:26.123808","indexId":"ofr94408","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-408","title":"Geochemical maps of copper, lead, and zinc, upper Arkansas River drainage basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94408","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.M., 1994, Geochemical maps of copper, lead, and zinc, upper Arkansas River drainage basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-408, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94408.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411078,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12525.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":50546,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0408/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155398,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0408/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.674,\n              38.405\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.674,\n              37.856\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              37.856\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              38.405\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.674,\n              38.405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae085","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S. M.","contributorId":27859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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