Effective conservation for listed migratory species requires an understanding of how drivers of population decline vary spatially and temporally, as well as knowledge of range-wide connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding areas. Environmental conditions distant from breeding areas can have lasting effects on the demography of migratory species, yet these consequences are often the least understood. Our objectives were to 1) evaluate associations between survival and extreme environmental disturbances at nonbreeding areas, including hurricanes, harmful algal blooms, and oil spills, and 2) estimate migratory connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding areas of midcontinental piping plovers (Charadrius melodus). We used capture and resighting data from 5067 individuals collected between 2002 and 2019 from breeding areas across the midcontinent, and nonbreeding areas throughout the Gulf of Mexico and southern Atlantic coasts of North America. We developed a hidden Markov multistate model to estimate seasonal survival and account for unobservable geographic locations. Hurricanes and harmful algal blooms were negatively associated with nonbreeding season survival, but we did not detect a similarly negative relationship with oil spills. Our results indicated that individuals from separate breeding areas mixed across nonbreeding areas with low migratory connectivity. Mixing among individuals in the nonbreeding season may provide a buffering effect against impacts of extreme events on any one breeding region. Our results suggest that understanding migratory connectivity and linking seasonal threats to population dynamics can better inform conservation strategies for migratory shorebirds.
The Pasteurellaceae family has been associated with fatal diseases in numerous avian species. Several new taxa within this family, including Bisgaard taxon 40, have been recently described in wild birds, but their genomic characteristics and pathogenicity are not well understood. We isolated Bisgaard taxon 40 from four species of seabirds, including one sampled during a mass, multi-species mortality event in Florida, United States. Here, we present a comprehensive phenotypic and genetic characterization of Bisgaard taxon 40 and comparative genomic analysis with reference strains from the Pasteurellaceae family, aiming at determining its phylogenetic position, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and identifying putative virulence factors. In silico multilocus sequence-based and whole-genome-based phylogenetic analysis clustered all Bisgaard taxon 40 strains together on a distinct branch separated from the other members of the Pasteurellaceae family, indicating that Bisgaard taxon 40 could represent a new genus. These findings were further supported by protein similarity analyses using the concatenation of 31 conserved proteins and other taxonomic approaches such as the percentage of conserved protein test. Additionally, several putative virulence factors were identified, including those associated with adhesion (capsule, ompA, ompH) and colonization (exbD, fur, galU, galE, lpxA, lpxC, and kdsA) of the host and a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), which may have played a role in disease development leading to the mortality event. Considerably low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were found for all the drugs tested, in concordance with the absence of antimicrobial resistance genes in these genomes. The novel findings of this study highlight genomic and phenotypic characteristics of this bacterium, providing insights into genome evolution and pathogenicity. We propose a reclassification of these organisms within the Pasteurellaceae family, designated as Mergibacter gen. nov., with Mergibacter septicus sp. nov. as the type species. The type strain is Mergibacter septicus A25201T (=DSM 112696).
Turtle body size is associated with demographic and other traits like mating success, reproductive output, maturity, and survival. As such, growth analyses are valuable for testing life history theory, demographic modeling, and conservation planning. Two important but unsettled research areas relate to growth after maturity and growth rate variation. If individuals exhibit indeterminate growth after maturity, older adults may have an advantage in fecundity, survival, or both over younger/smaller adults. Similarly, depending on how growth varies, a portion of the population may mature earlier, grow larger, or both. We used 23-years of capture-mark-recapture data to study growth and maturity in the Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata), a species suffering severe population declines and for which demographic data are needed for development of effective conservation and management strategies. There was strong support for models incorporating sex as a factor, with the interval growth model reparametrized for capture-mark-recapture data producing later mean maturation estimates than the age-based growth model. We found most individuals (94%) continued growing after maturity, but the instantaneous relative annual plastral growth rate was low. We recommend future studies examine the possible contribution of such slow, continued adult growth to fecundity and survival. Even seemingly negligible amounts of annual adult growth can have demographic consequences affecting the population vital rates for long-lived species.
Arid and semiarid ecosystems drive year-to-year variability in the strength of the terrestrial carbon (C) sink, yet there is uncertainty about how soil C gains and losses contribute to this variation. To address this knowledge gap, we embedded C-depleted soil mesocosms, containing litter or biocrust C inputs, within an in situ dryland ecosystem warming experiment. Over the course of one year, changes in microbial biomass and total soil organic C pools were monitored alongside hourly measurements of soil CO2 flux. We also developed a biogeochemical model to explore the mechanisms that gave rise to observed soil C dynamics. Field data and model simulations demonstrated that water exerted much stronger control on soil biogeochemistry than temperature, with precipitation events triggering large CO2 pulses and transport of litter- and biocrust-derived C into the soil profile. We expected leaching of organic matter would result in steady accumulation of C within the mineral soil over time. Instead, the size of the total organic C pool fluctuated throughout the year, largely in response to microbial growth: increases in the size of microbial biomass were negatively correlated with the quantity of C residing in the top 2 cm, where most biogeochemical changes were observed. Our data and models suggest that microbial responses to precipitation events trigger rapid metabolism of dissolved organic C inputs, which strongly limit accumulation of autotroph-derived C belowground. Accordingly, changes in the magnitude and/or frequency of precipitation events in this dryland ecosystem could have profound impacts on the strength of the soil C sink.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021JG006492","usgsCitation":"Waring, B.G., Smith, K.R., Grote, E.E., Howell, A.J., Reibold, R.H., Tucker, C.L., and Reed, S., 2021, Climatic controls on soil carbon accumulation and loss in a dryland ecosystems: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 126, no. 12, e2021JG006492, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006492.","productDescription":"e2021JG006492, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133338","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1978553","text":"External Repository"},{"id":393749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Castle Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.46605682373047,\n 38.58896696823242\n ],\n [\n -109.30744171142578,\n 38.58896696823242\n ],\n [\n -109.30744171142578,\n 38.718465403583835\n ],\n [\n -109.46605682373047,\n 38.718465403583835\n ],\n [\n -109.46605682373047,\n 38.58896696823242\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waring, Bonnie G. 0000-0002-8457-5164","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-5164","contributorId":245284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waring","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":49130,"text":"Utah State University, Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Logan UT 84322","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Kenneth R","contributorId":270738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":49130,"text":"Utah State University, Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Logan UT 84322","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grote, Edmund E. 0000-0002-9103-9482 ed_grote@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9103-9482","contributorId":4271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grote","given":"Edmund","email":"ed_grote@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howell, Armin J. 0000-0003-1243-0238 ahowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-0238","contributorId":196798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"Armin","email":"ahowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reibold, Robin H. 0000-0002-3323-487X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-487X","contributorId":207499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reibold","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tucker, Colin L","contributorId":270737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":56205,"text":"U.S. National Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Houghton, MI 49931","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":205372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70226182,"text":"70226182 - 2021 - Context dependency of disease-mediated competitive release in bat assemblages following white-nose syndrome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-16T12:58:22.531567","indexId":"70226182","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-14T06:56:52","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Context dependency of disease-mediated competitive release in bat assemblages following white-nose syndrome","docAbstract":"White-nose syndrome (WNS) has caused dramatic declines of several cave-hibernating bat species in North America since 2006, which has increased the activity of non-susceptible species in some geographic areas or during times of night formerly occupied by susceptible species—indicative of disease-mediated competitive release (DMCR). Yet, this pattern has not been evaluated across multiple bat assemblages simultaneously or across multiple years since WNS onset. We evaluated whether WNS altered spatial and temporal niche partitioning in bat assemblages at four locations in the eastern United States using long-term datasets of bat acoustic activity collected before and after WNS arrival. Activity of WNS-susceptible bat species decreased by 79–98% from pre-WNS levels across the four study locations, but only one of our four study sites provided strong evidence supporting the DMCR hypothesis in bats post-WNS. These results suggest that DMCR is likely dependent on the relative difference in activity by susceptible and non-susceptible species groups pre-WNS and the relative decline of susceptible species post-WNS allowing for competitive release, as well as the amount of time that had elapsed post-WNS. Our findings challenge the generality of WNS-mediated competitive release between susceptible and non-susceptible species and further highlight declining activity of some non-susceptible species, especially Lasiurus borealis, across three of four locations in the eastern United States. These results underscore the broader need for conservation efforts to address the multiple potential interacting drivers of bat declines on both WNS-susceptible and non-susceptible species.
The distribution of plankton in the ocean is patchy across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. One type of oceanographic feature that exemplifies this patchiness is a ‘thin layer’. Thin layers are subsurface aggregations of plankton that range in vertical thickness from centimeters to a few meters, which may extend horizontally for kilometers and persist for days. We undertook a field campaign to characterize the biological, physical, and chemical properties of thin layers in Monterey Bay, California (USA), an area where these features can be persistent. The particle aggregates (marine snow) sampled in the study had several quantifiable properties indicating how the layer was formed and how its structure was maintained. Particles were more elongated above the layer, and then changed orientation angle and increased in size within the layer, suggesting passive accumulation of particles along a physical gradient. The shift in particle aggregate orientation angle near the pycnocline suggests that shear may also have played a role in generating the thin layer. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were the most abundant phytoplankton within the thin layer. Further, both dissolved and particulate domoic acid were highest within the thin layer. We suggest that phosphate stress is responsible for the formation of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. aggregates. This stress together with increased nitrogen in the layer may lead to increased bloom toxicity in the subsurface blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Several zooplankton groups were observed to aggregate above and below the layer. With the knowledge that harmful algal bloom events can occur in subsurface thin layers, modified sampling methods to monitor for these hidden incubators could greatly improve the efficacy of early-warning systems designed to detect harmful algal blooms in coastal waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps13879","usgsCitation":"McManus, M., Greer, A.T., Timmerman, A.H., Sevadjian, J.C., Woodson, C.B., Cowen, R., Fong, D.A., Monismith, S.G., and Cheriton, O.M., 2021, Characterization of the biological, physical, and chemical properties of a toxic thin layer in a temperate marine system: Marine Ecology Progress Series (MEPS), v. 678, p. 17-35, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13879.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-129200","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13879","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"678","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McManus, Margaret A","contributorId":275122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McManus","given":"Margaret A","affiliations":[{"id":39036,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greer, Adam T","contributorId":275123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greer","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Timmerman, Amanda HV","contributorId":275126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Timmerman","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"HV","affiliations":[{"id":39679,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sevadjian, Jeff C","contributorId":275129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sevadjian","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":39679,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodson, C. Brock","contributorId":275132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brock","affiliations":[{"id":56710,"text":"School of ECAM Engineering, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cowen, Robert","contributorId":275135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cowen","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fong, Derek A","contributorId":275136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fong","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":196322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cheriton, Olivia M. 0000-0003-3011-9136","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-9136","contributorId":204459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheriton","given":"Olivia","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70226173,"text":"70226173 - 2021 - Multilayer perceptrons (MLPs)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-16T13:14:51.29369","indexId":"70226173","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-10T07:14:03","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Multilayer perceptrons (MLPs)","docAbstract":"Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are adaptable systems that can solve problems that are difficult to describe with a mathematical relationship. They seek relationships between different types of datasets with their abilities to learn either with supervision or without. ANNs recognize patterns between input and output space and generalize solutions, in a way simulating the human brain’s learning experience with many relatively simple individual processing elements, called neurons. Neurons are networked (network topology) in a number of ways depending on the problem type and complexity. One of the most widely used ANN learning techniques is supervised learning coupled with a multilayer perceptron (MLP) topology due to its flexible applicability to a wide range of modeling problems involving both general classification and regression. ANNs, due to this flexibility, have been applied to many fields since the 1990s and their theory, types (such as radial basis functions, random...
Wildfire-induced changes to soil and vegetation promote runoff-generated debris flows in steep watersheds. Postfire debris flows are most commonly observed in steep watersheds during the first wet season following a wildfire, but it is unclear how long the elevated threat of debris flow persists and why debris-flow potential changes in recovering burned areas. This work quantifies how rainfall intensity-duration (ID) thresholds for debris-flow initiation change with time since burning and provides a mechanistic explanation for these changes. We constrained a hydrologic model using field and remotely sensed measurements of soil-infiltration capacity, vegetation cover, runoff, and debris-flow activity. We applied this model to estimate rainfall ID thresholds for debris-flow initiation within three burned areas in the southwestern United States over a postfire recovery period of three to four years. Modeling suggests ID thresholds are lowest immediately following the fire (below a one-year recurrence interval [RI] storm) and increase with time, such that a 10- to 25-year RI storm would be required to generate a debris flow after three years of recovery. Modeled changes in rainfall ID thresholds result from increases in soil infiltration capacity, canopy interception, hydraulic roughness, and median grain size of sediment entrained in an incipient debris flow. The relative importance of each of these factors varied among our three sites. Results improve our ability to assess temporal changes in postfire debris-flow potential, highlight how site-specific factors may alter the persistence of postfire debris-flow hazards, and provide additional constraints on the timescale of recovery following wildfire.
Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was first documented in 2014 near the Port of Miami, Florida, and has since spread north and south along Florida’s Coral Reef, killing large numbers of more than 20 species of coral and leading to the functional extinction of at least one species, Dendrogyra cylindrus. SCTLD is assumed to be caused by bacteria based on presence of different molecular assemblages of bacteria in lesioned compared to apparently healthy tissues, its apparent spread among colonies, and cessation of spread of lesions in individual colonies treated with antibiotics. However, light microscopic examination of tissues of corals affected with SCTLD has not shown bacteria associated with tissue death. Rather, microscopy shows dead and dying coral cells and symbiotic dinoflagellates (endosymbionts) indicating a breakdown of host cell and endosymbiont symbiosis. It is unclear whether host cells die first leading to death of endosymbionts or vice versa. Based on microscopy, hypotheses as to possible causes of SCTLD include infectious agents not visible at the light microscopy level or toxicosis, perhaps originating from endosymbionts. To clarify this, we examined corals affected with SCTLD and apparently healthy corals using transmission electron microscopy. Endosymbionts in SCTLD-affected and apparently healthy corals consistently had varying degrees of pathology associated with elongated particles compatible in morphology with filamentous positive single-stranded RNA viruses of plants termed anisometric viral-like particles (AVLP). There was apparent progression from early to late replication of AVLP in the cytoplasm of endosymbionts adjacent to or at times within chloroplasts, with morphologic changes in chloroplasts consistent with those seen in plant cells infected by viruses. Coral host cell pathology appeared limited to massive proliferation and lysis of mucus cells. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that SCTLD is a viral disease of endosymbionts leading to coral host death. Efforts to confirm the presence of a virus associated with SCTLD through other means would be appropriate. These include showing the presence of a virus through molecular assays such as deep sequencing, attempts to grow this virus in the laboratory through culture of endosymbionts, localization of virus in tissue sections using immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization, and experimental infection of known-virus-negative corals to replicate disease at the gross and microscopic level.
The Mojave Desert region is in a critical position for assessing models of Laramide orogenesis, which is hypothesized to have initiated as one or more seamounts subducted beneath the Cretaceous continental margin. Geochronological and geochemical characteristics of Late Cretaceous magmatic products provide the opportunity to test the validity of Laramide orogenic models. Laramide-aged plutons are exposed along a transect across the Cordilleran Mesozoic magmatic system from Joshua Tree National Park in the Eastern Transverse Ranges eastward into the central Mojave Desert. A transect at latitude ∼33.5°N to 34.5°N includes: (1) the large upper-crustal Late Cretaceous Cadiz Valley batholith, (2) a thick section of Proterozoic to Jurassic host rocks, (3) Late Cretaceous stock to pluton-sized bodies at mesozonal depths, and (4) a Jurassic to Late Cretaceous midcrustal sheeted complex emplaced at ∼20 km depth that transitions into a migmatite complex truncated along the San Andreas fault. This magmatic section is structurally correlative with the Big Bear Lake intrusive suite in the San Bernardino Mountains and similar sheeted rocks recovered in the Cajon Pass Deep Scientific Drillhole.
Zircon U-Pb geochronology of 12 samples via secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS) (six from the Cadiz Valley batholith and six from the Cajon Pass Deep Scientific Drillhole) indicates that all Cretaceous igneous units investigated were intruded between 83 and 74 Ma, and Cajon Pass samples include a Jurassic age component. A compilation of new and published SIMS geochronological data demonstrates that voluminous magmatism in the Eastern Transverse Ranges and central Mojave Desert was continuous throughout the period suggested for the intersection and flat-slab subduction of the Shatsky Rise conjugate deep into the interior of western North America.
Whole-rock major-element, trace-element, and isotope geochemistry data from samples from a suite of 106 igneous rocks represent the breadth of Late Cretaceous units in the transect. Geochemistry indicates an origin in a subduction environment and intrusion into a crust thick enough to generate residual garnet. The lack of significant deflections of compositional characteristics and isotopic ratios in igneous products through space and time argues against a delamination event prior to 74 Ma.
We argue that Late Cretaceous plutonism from the Eastern Transverse Ranges to the central Mojave Desert represents subduction zone arc magmatism that persisted until ca. 74 Ma. This interpretation is inconsistent with the proposed timing of the docking of the Shatsky Rise conjugate with the margin of western North America, particularly models in which the leading edge of the Shatsky Rise was beneath Wyoming at 74 Ma. Alternatively, the timing of cessation of plutonism precedes the timing of the passage of the Hess Rise conjugate beneath western North America at ca. 70–65 Ma. The presence, geochemical composition, and age of arc products in the Eastern Transverse Ranges and central Mojave Desert region must be accounted for in any tectonic model of the transition from Sevier to Laramide orogenesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02225.1","usgsCitation":"Economos, R., Barth, A.P., Wooden, J., Paterson, S.R., Friesenhahn, B., Weigand, B., Anderson, J., Roell, J., Palmer, E., Ianno, A., and Howard, K.A., 2021, Testing models of Laramide orogenic initiation by investigation of Late Cretaceous magmatic-tectonic evolution of the central Mojave sector of the California arc: Geosphere, v. 17, no. 6, p. 2042-2061, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02225.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2042","endPage":"2061","ipdsId":"IP-114848","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02225.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":392846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.597412109375,\n 32.98102014898148\n ],\n [\n -114.5599365234375,\n 32.98102014898148\n ],\n [\n -114.5599365234375,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -118.597412109375,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -118.597412109375,\n 32.98102014898148\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Economos, R.C","contributorId":270083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Economos","given":"R.C","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20300,"text":"Southern Methodist University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barth, Andrew P.","contributorId":214136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38983,"text":"Indiana University - Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J.L.","contributorId":192664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paterson, S. R","contributorId":270084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paterson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Friesenhahn, Brody","contributorId":270085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friesenhahn","given":"Brody","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20300,"text":"Southern Methodist University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weigand, B.A","contributorId":270086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weigand","given":"B.A","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56075,"text":"University of Göttingen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, J.L.","contributorId":270087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roell, J.L.","contributorId":270088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roell","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56076,"text":"Indiana/Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Palmer, E.F.","contributorId":270089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56076,"text":"Indiana/Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ianno, A.J.","contributorId":270090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ianno","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[{"id":39566,"text":"Juniata College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70227100,"text":"70227100 - 2021 - Monitoring and modeling tree bat (Genera: Lasiurus, Lasionycteris) occurrence using acoustics on structures off the mid-Atlantic coast—Implications for offshore wind development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T14:27:45.567844","indexId":"70227100","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-04T08:17:26","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5762,"text":"Animals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring and modeling tree bat (Genera: Lasiurus, Lasionycteris) occurrence using acoustics on structures off the mid-Atlantic coast—Implications for offshore wind development","docAbstract":"Context: Lethal control of predators is often undertaken to protect species of conservation concern. Traps are frequently baited to increase capture efficacy, but baited traps can potentially increase predation risk by attracting predators to protected areas. This is especially important if targeted predators can escape capture due to low trap success. Snake traps using live mouse lures may be beneficial if traps effectively remove snakes in the presence of birds and do not attract additional snakes to the area.
Aims: The present study evaluated whether mouse-lure traps in areas occupied by birds (simulated by deploying bird-lure traps) could influence predation risk from an invasive snake on Guam.
Methods: Snake traps were used, with Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) as a proxy for predation risk, to assess if an adjacent trap with a mouse (Mus musculus) would attract brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) to a focal area and increase contact between an invasive snake and avian prey. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) at stations containing either a bird-lure trap, mouse-lure trap or pair of traps (i.e. one bird-lure and one mouse-lure trap) was evaluated.
Key results: Bird-lure traps paired with mouse-lure traps did not differ in CPUE from isolated bird-lure traps. At paired stations, CPUE of snakes in mouse-lure traps was 2.3× higher than bird-lure traps, suggesting mouse lures were capable of drawing snakes away from avian prey. Bird-lure traps at paired stations experienced a decay in captures over time, whereas CPUE for isolated bird-lure traps increased after 9 weeks and exceeded mouse-lure traps after 7 weeks.
Conclusions: Mouse lures did not increase the risk of snakes being captured in bird-lure traps. Instead, mouse-lure traps may have locally suppressed snakes, whereas stations without mouse-lure traps still had snakes in the focal area, putting avian prey at greater risk. However, snakes caught with bird lures tended to be larger and in better body condition, suggesting preference for avian prey over mammalian prey in larger snakes.
Implications: Strategic placement of olfactory traps within areas of conservation concern may be beneficial for protecting birds of conservation concern from an invasive snake predator.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/WR21022","usgsCitation":"Klug, P.E., Yackel Adams, A.A., and Reed, R., 2021, Olfactory lures in predator control do not increase predation risk to birds in areas of conservation concern: Wildlife Research, v. 49, no. 2, p. 183-192, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR21022.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"192","ipdsId":"IP-124833","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wr21022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":398376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klug, Page E.","contributorId":210065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klug","given":"Page","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38064,"text":"USDA WS NWRC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackel Adams, Amy A. 0000-0002-7044-8447 yackela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":3116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"Amy","email":"yackela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Robert 0000-0001-8349-6168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":267796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70225712,"text":"70225712 - 2021 - Seven decades of coastal change at Barter Island, Alaska: Exploring the importance of waves and temperature on erosion of coastal permafrost bluffs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-04T14:03:24.155896","indexId":"70225712","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-03T08:55:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seven decades of coastal change at Barter Island, Alaska: Exploring the importance of waves and temperature on erosion of coastal permafrost bluffs","docAbstract":"Observational data of coastal change over much of the Arctic are limited largely due to its immensity, remoteness, harsh environment, and restricted periods of sunlight and ice-free conditions. Barter Island, Alaska, is one of the few locations where an extensive, observational dataset exists, which enables a detailed assessment of the trends and patterns of coastal change over decadal to annual time scales. Coastal bluff and shoreline positions were delineated from maps, aerial photographs, and satellite imagery acquired between 1947 and 2020, and at a nearly annual rate since 2004. Rates and patterns of shoreline and bluff change varied widely over the observational period. Shorelines showed a consistent trend of southerly erosion and westerly extension of the western termini of Barter Island and Bernard Spit, which has accelerated since at least 2000. The 3.2 km long stretch of ocean-exposed coastal permafrost bluffs retreated on average 114 m and at a maximum of 163 m at an average long-term rate (70 year) of 1.6 ± 0.1 m/yr. The long-term retreat rate was punctuated by individual years with retreat rates up to four times higher (6.6 ± 1.9 m/yr; 2012–2013) and both long-term (multidecadal) and short-term (annual to semiannual) rates showed a steady increase in retreat rates through time, with consistently high rates since 2015. A best-fit polynomial trend indicated acceleration in retreat rates that was independent of the large spatial and temporal variations observed on an annual basis. Rates and patterns of bluff retreat were correlated to incident wave energy and air and water temperatures. Wave energy was found to be the dominant driver of bluff retreat, followed by sea surface temperatures and warming air temperatures that are considered proxies for evaluating thermo-erosion and denudation. Normalized anomalies of cumulative wave energy, duration of open water, and air and sea temperature showed at least three distinct phases since 1979: a negative phase prior to 1987, a mixed phase between 1987 and the early to late 2000s, followed by a positive phase extending to 2020. The duration of the open-water season has tripled since 1979, increasing from approximately 40 to 140 days. Acceleration in retreat rates at Barter Island may be related to increases in both thermodenudation, associated with increasing air temperature, and the number of niche-forming and block-collapsing episodes associated with higher air and water temperature, more frequent storms, and longer ice-free conditions in the Beaufort Sea.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs13214420","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, A.E., Erikson, L.H., Jones, B., Richmond, B., and Engelstad, A.C., 2021, Seven decades of coastal change at Barter Island, Alaska: Exploring the importance of waves and temperature on erosion of coastal permafrost bluffs: Remote Sensing, v. 13, no. 21, 4420, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214420.","productDescription":"4420, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127799","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214420","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":391383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Barter Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -143.82545471191406,\n 70.08547429861382\n ],\n [\n -143.4814453125,\n 70.08547429861382\n ],\n [\n -143.4814453125,\n 70.1478274118401\n ],\n [\n -143.82545471191406,\n 70.1478274118401\n ],\n [\n -143.82545471191406,\n 70.08547429861382\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":149963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":208625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin M.","affiliations":[{"id":37848,"text":"Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, UNITED STATES","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":826382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":268302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce M.","affiliations":[{"id":55619,"text":"USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (emeritus, dec.)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engelstad, Anita C 0000-0002-0211-4189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0211-4189","contributorId":268303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engelstad","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70229713,"text":"70229713 - 2021 - Complex evolutionary history of felid anelloviruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-16T16:53:33.668959","indexId":"70229713","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-29T11:30:15","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3696,"text":"Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex evolutionary history of felid anelloviruses","docAbstract":"Anellovirus infections are highly prevalent in mammals, however, prior to this study only a handful of anellovirus genomes had been identified in members of the Felidae family. Here we characterise anelloviruses in pumas (Puma concolor), bobcats (Lynx rufus), Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), caracals (Caracal caracal) and domestic cats (Felis catus). The complete anellovirus genomes (n = 220) recovered from 149 individuals were diverse. ORF1 protein sequence similarity network analysis coupled with phylogenetic analysis, revealed two distinct clusters that are populated by felid-derived anellovirus sequences, a pattern mirroring that observed for the porcine anelloviruses. Of the two-felid dominant anellovirus groups, one includes sequences from bobcats, pumas, domestic cats and an ocelot, and the other includes sequences from caracals, Canada lynx, domestic cats and pumas. Coinfections of diverse anelloviruses appear to be common among the felids. Evidence of recombination, both within and between felid-specific anellovirus groups, supports a long coevolution history between host and virus.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2021.07.013","usgsCitation":"Kraberger, S., Serieys, L.E., Richet, C., Fountain-Jones, N.M., Baele, G., Bishop, J.M., Nehring, M., Ivan, J., Newkirk, E.S., Squires, J.R., Lund, M.C., Riley, S.P., Wilmers, C.C., van Helden, P.D., Van Doorslaer, K., Culver, M., VandeWoude, S., Martin, D.P., and Varsani, A., 2021, Complex evolutionary history of felid anelloviruses: Virology, v. 562, p. 176-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2021.07.013.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"189","ipdsId":"IP-131734","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Complex_evolutionary_history_of_felid_anelloviruses/23010917","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"562","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraberger, Simona","contributorId":288545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraberger","given":"Simona","affiliations":[{"id":12431,"text":"ASU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Serieys, Laurel EK","contributorId":288546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serieys","given":"Laurel","email":"","middleInitial":"EK","affiliations":[{"id":54468,"text":"uc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richet, Cecile","contributorId":288547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richet","given":"Cecile","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12431,"text":"ASU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fountain-Jones, Nicholas M","contributorId":288548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fountain-Jones","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":61795,"text":"ut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baele, Guy","contributorId":288550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baele","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61796,"text":"ri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bishop, Jacqueline M.","contributorId":288667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nehring, Mary","contributorId":288668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nehring","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ivan, Jacob S.","contributorId":200243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivan","given":"Jacob S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Newkirk, Eric S.","contributorId":244981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newkirk","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Squires, John R.","contributorId":195901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Squires","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lund, Michael C.","contributorId":288669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lund","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Riley, Seth P. D.","contributorId":208334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riley","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"P. D.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wilmers, Christopher C.","contributorId":150642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilmers","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"van Helden, Paul D.","contributorId":288671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Helden","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Van Doorslaer, Koenraad","contributorId":287199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Doorslaer","given":"Koenraad","affiliations":[{"id":40855,"text":"UA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":197693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"VandeWoude, Sue","contributorId":179201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VandeWoude","given":"Sue","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Martin, Darren P.","contributorId":288672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Darren","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Varsani, Arvind","contributorId":171722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varsani","given":"Arvind","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70225723,"text":"70225723 - 2021 - Rapid embryonic development supports the early onset of gill functions in two coral reef damselfishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T17:35:18.462852","indexId":"70225723","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-28T07:01:35","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid embryonic development supports the early onset of gill functions in two coral reef damselfishes","docAbstract":"The gill is one of the most important organs for growth and survival of fishes. Early life stages in coral reef fishes often exhibit extreme physiological and demographic characteristics that are linked to well-established respiratory and ionoregulatory processes. However, gill development and function in coral reef fishes is not well-understood. Therefore, we investigated gill morphology, oxygen uptake, and ionoregulatory systems throughout embryogenesis in two coral reef damselfishes, Acanthochromis polyacanthus and Amphiprion melanopus (Pomacentridae). In both species, we found key gill structures to develop rapidly early in the embryonic phase. Ionoregulatory cells appear on gill filaments 3-4 days post fertilization and increase in density, whilst disappearing or shrinking in cutaneous locations. Primary respiratory tissue (lamellae) appears 5-7 days post fertilization, coinciding with a peak in oxygen uptake rates of the developing embryos. Oxygen uptake was unaffected by phenylhydrazine across all ages (pre-hatch), indicating that haemoglobin is not yet required for oxygen uptake. This suggests that gills have limited contribution to respiratory functions during embryonic development, at least until hatching. Rapid gill development in damselfishes, when compared to most of the previously investigated fishes, may reflect preparations for a high-performance, challenging lifestyle on tropical reefs, but may also make reef fishes more vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors.
Mineralogical and geochemical studies of interbedded black and gray mudstones in the Triassic part of the Triassic-Jurassic Otuk Formation (northern Alaska) document locally abundant barite and pyrite plus diverse redox signatures. These strata, deposited in an outer shelf setting at paleolatitudes of ~45 to 60°N, show widespread sedimentological evidence for bioturbation. Barite occurs preferentially in black mudstones (TOC = 0.93–6.46 wt%), forming displacive euhedral crystals with pyrite inclusions and rims, and late albite inclusions or intergrowths. Pyrite also occurs as small (3–20 μm) framboids, discontinuous laminae, euhedral and anhedral crystals, and replacements of barite and fossils (mainly radiolarians). Paragenetically early wurtzite is present as clusters of very small (1–3 μm) aggregates of radiating crystals 0.5 to 1.0 μm long with cores of organic matter that overgrow framboidal pyrite; later wurtzite forms 10- to 30-μm bladed crystals. Equant grains (3–30 μm) and small (20 μm) angular clusters of zinc sulfide that include <1-μm-long, comb-like structures are sphalerite or wurtzite, or both. Minor siderite forms euhedral crystals intergrown with albite that enclose wurtzite and barite. Illite shows intergrowths with sphalerite; rare K-feldspar is intergrown with barite. Formation of these minerals and assemblages is attributed to early diagenetic processes.
Whole-rock geochemical data for 15 samples show large ranges in redox proxies including Post Archean Average Shale (PAAS)-normalized enrichment factors (EFs) for V, U, Mo, and Re, and Al-normalized ratios for V, U, and Mo. Results for most black mudstones, with or without abundant barite and/or pyrite, suggest deposition within an oxygen minimum zone. Cerium anomalies, PAAS-normalized and calculated on a detrital-free basis, range widely from 0.49 to 0.96 and may reflect diagenetic overprinting by Ce-depleted fluids. Considering data for both black and gray mudstones, the overall geochemical pattern together with evidence from pyrite framboid sizes suggest that redox conditions fluctuated greatly from euxinic to oxic, like the redox profiles reported for modern shelf sediments offshore Peru and Namibia. The euxinic redox signatures in some Otuk black mudstones may correlate with widespread Early to Middle Triassic ocean anoxic events proposed for other regions.
Calculations of median EFs for trace elements in Otuk black mudstones reveal both enrichments and depletions. Normalizations to the median composition of the three least-mineralized black mudstones show that barite- and/or pyrite-rich samples display large (>50%) positive changes for Li (+80.4%), V (+75.6%), Sr (+75.9%), Ba (+790%), Cu (+92.1%), Ni (+169%), Ag (+156%), Au (+3091%), As (+109%), Sb (+476%), and Se (+205%); Zn shows a moderate positive change of +42.1%. Moderate negative changes are evident only for Ge (−47.2%) and W (−30.6%). The local enrichments may reflect one or more factors including redox variations in bottom waters and pore fluids, element mobility during diagenesis, and selective fractionation into minerals such as barite, pyrite, and wurtzite. Anomalously low U/Al and UEF values, compared to those for other modern and ancient organic-rich sediments and sedimentary rocks, are attributed to increased solubility and loss of U during bioturbation-related oxygenation in the subsurface.
Physicochemical constraints on barite, pyrite, and wurtzite formation are informed by use of a pH-fO2 plot constructed at 10 °C. Based on paragenetic evidence for multistage deposition of these three minerals, together with the presence of illite intergrown with ZnS and K-feldspar with barite, proposed diagenetic trends involve an increase in pH and fO2 related to the ingress of sulfate-rich pore fluids during bioturbation, followed by a return to lower then higher pH and fO2 conditions linked to carbon, sulfur, barium, and iron cycling during diagenesis. Labile Ba of marine pelagic origin was mobilized from organic-rich sediment upward to the sulfate-methane transition zone where barite precipitated during the interaction of reduced Ba- and CH4-rich fluids with sulfate-bearing pore fluids. The formation of paragenetically early wurtzite (ZnS) crystals, as well as locally high EF values for Cu, Ni, Ag, and Au, is attributed to metal enrichment of pore fluids, with sources being derived in part from water-column deposition from hydrothermal plumes related to coeval Triassic seafloor vent systems including a volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in British Columbia and the Wrangellia Large Igneous Province in Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120568","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., McAleer, R.J., Shanks, W., and Dumoulin, J.A., 2021, Diagenetic barite-pyrite-wurtzite formation and redox signatures in Triassic mudstone, Brooks Range, northern Alaska: Chemical Geology, v. 585, 120568, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120568.","productDescription":"120568, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130237","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450344,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120568","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":418739,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.604267717169,\n 71.70733094087223\n ],\n [\n -168.604267717169,\n 67.12370451837805\n ],\n [\n -140.49132965188403,\n 67.12370451837805\n ],\n [\n -140.49132965188403,\n 71.70733094087223\n ],\n [\n -168.604267717169,\n 71.70733094087223\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"585","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":215498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne (Pat)","contributorId":240838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne (Pat)","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70225591,"text":"70225591 - 2021 - Tracking secondary lahar flow paths and characterizing pulses and surges using infrasound array networks at Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-02T18:33:53.820302","indexId":"70225591","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-25T09:46:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7593,"text":"Volcanica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking secondary lahar flow paths and characterizing pulses and surges using infrasound array networks at Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala","docAbstract":"Lahars are one of the greatest hazards at many volcanoes, including Volcán de Fuego (Guatemala). On 1 December 2018 at 8:00pm local Guatemala time (2:00:00 UTC), an hour-long lahar event was detected at Volcán de Fuego by two permanent seismo-acoustic stations along the Las Lajas channel on the southeast side. To establish the timing, duration, and speed of the lahar, infrasound array records were examined to identify both the source direction(s) and the correlated energy fluctuations at the two stations. Co-located seismic and acoustic signals were also examined, which indicated at least 5 distinct energy pulses within the lahar record. We infer that varying sediment load and/or changes in flow velocity is shown by clear fluctuations in the acoustic and seismic power recorded at one of the stations. This particular event studied with infrasound provides insight into how lahars occur around Volcán de Fuego.
","language":"English","publisher":"Presses universitaires de Strasbourg","doi":"10.30909/vol.04.02.239256","usgsCitation":"Bosa, A., Johnson, J., DeAngelis, S., Lyons, J.J., Roca, A., Anderson, J., and Pineda, A., 2021, Tracking secondary lahar flow paths and characterizing pulses and surges using infrasound array networks at Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala: Volcanica, v. 4, no. 2, p. 239-256, https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.04.02.239256.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"256","ipdsId":"IP-130024","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390965,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":450356,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.04.02.239256","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"Guatemala","otherGeospatial":"Volcán de Fuego","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.94242095947266,\n 14.396773712446521\n ],\n [\n -90.81298828125,\n 14.396773712446521\n ],\n [\n -90.81298828125,\n 14.500170089974075\n ],\n [\n -90.94242095947266,\n 14.500170089974075\n ],\n [\n -90.94242095947266,\n 14.396773712446521\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bosa, Ashley 0000-0002-6981-0306","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6981-0306","contributorId":268013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bosa","given":"Ashley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Jeffery","contributorId":268014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jeffery","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, Silvio","contributorId":268015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Silvio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyons, John J. 0000-0001-5409-1698 jlyons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-1698","contributorId":5394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"jlyons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roca, Amilcar","contributorId":268016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roca","given":"Amilcar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, Jacob F. 0000-0001-6447-6778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6447-6778","contributorId":268017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Jacob F.","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pineda, Armando","contributorId":268018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pineda","given":"Armando","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70225616,"text":"70225616 - 2021 - How will baseflow respond to climate change in the Upper Colorado River Basin?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T17:09:32.971879","indexId":"70225616","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-25T06:35:51","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How will baseflow respond to climate change in the Upper Colorado River Basin?","docAbstract":"Baseflow is critical to sustaining streamflow in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Therefore, effective water resources management requires estimates of baseflow response to climatic changes. This study provides the first estimates of projected baseflow changes from historical (1984 – 2012) to thirty-year periods centered around 2030, 2050, and 2080 under warm/wet, median, and hot/dry climatic conditions using a hybrid statistical-deterministic baseflow model. Total baseflow supplied to the Lower Colorado River Basin may decline by up to 33%, although this value may increase in the near future by 6% under warm/wet conditions. The percentage of baseflow lost during in-stream transport is projected to increase by 1 - 5% relative to historical conditions. Results highlight that climate driven changes in high elevation hydrology have impacts on basin-wide water availability. Study results have implications for human and ecological water availability in one of the most heavily managed watersheds in the world.
Translocations of North American prairie-grouse (genus Tympanuchus) present a conservation paradox wherein they are performed to augment, restore, or reintroduce populations, but translocated individuals exhibit a diminished ability to contribute to population restoration. For reintroduced populations without immigration, persistence can only be achieved through reproductive contributions by translocated individuals and their progeny. Due to the disruptive nature of translocation (e.g., physiological chronic stress), progeny produced at restoration sites may outperform founder populations in terms of demographics, but this hypothesis has yet to be tested. We reintroduced Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse (T. phasianellus columbianus; CSTG) to north central Nevada from 2013 to 2017 and used integrated population models (IPMs) to evaluate the process of population establishment and estimate latent contributions of progeny hatched at the restoration site to population rate of change (
Understanding the rates and patterns of tidal wetland elevation changes relative to sea-level is essential for understanding the extent of potential wetland loss over the coming years. Using an enhanced and more flexible modeling framework of an ecosystem model (WARMER-2), we explored sea-level rise (SLR) impacts on wetland elevations and carbon sequestration rates through 2100 by considering plant community transitions, salinity effects on productivity, and changes in sediment availability. We incorporated local experimental results for plant productivity relative to inundation and salinity into a species transition model, as well as site-level estimates of organic matter decomposition. The revised modeling framework includes an improved calibration scheme that more accurately reconstructs soil profiles and incorporates parameter uncertainty through Monte Carlo simulations. Using WARMER-2, we evaluated elevation change in three tidal wetlands in the San Francisco Bay Estuary, CA, USA along an estuarine tidal and salinity gradient with varying scenarios of SLR, salinization, and changes in sediment availability. We also tested the sensitivity of marsh elevation and carbon accumulation rates to different plant productivity functions. Wetland elevation at all three sites was sensitive to changes in sediment availability, but sites with greater initial elevations or space for upland transgression persisted longer under higher SLR rates than sites at lower elevations. Using a multi-species wetland vegetation transition model for organic matter contribution to accretion, WARMER-2 projected increased elevations relative to sea levels (resilience) and higher rates of carbon accumulation when compared with projections assuming no future change in vegetation with SLR. A threshold analysis revealed that all three wetland sites were likely to eventually transition to an unvegetated state with SLR rates above 7 mm/yr. Our results show the utility in incorporating additional estuary-specific parameters to bolster confidence in model projections. The new WARMER-2 modeling framework is widely applicable to other tidal wetland ecosystems and can assist in teasing apart important drivers of wetland elevation change under SLR.
Historically, Cisco Coregonus artedi and Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis were abundant throughout the Laurentian Great Lakes, but overharvest, habitat degradation, and interactions with exotic species caused most populations to collapse by the mid-1900s. Strict commercial fishery regulations and improved environmental and ecological conditions allowed Cisco to partially recover only in Lake Superior, whereas Lake Whitefish recovered in all the upper Great Lakes (Superior, Michigan, and Huron). The differential responses of Cisco and Lake Whitefish to improved environmental and ecological conditions in lakes Michigan and Huron have led to questions about potential negative interactions between these species. To provide context for fishery managers, we tested for positive and negative correlations between historical (1929–1970) Cisco and Lake Whitefish commercial gill net catch per effort (CPE; kg/km of net) at a variety of spatial scales in Michigan waters of the upper Great Lakes. The three best-fit spatial models—LAKEWIDE, REGIONAL 10, and SIMPLE—all had similar levels of support (scaled second-order Akaike Information Criterion < 3.0), and we used these models to determine whether there was a significant correlation between Cisco and Lake Whitefish CPE (positive and negative). There was either no correlation between Cisco and Lake Whitefish CPE or a positive correlation for most (12 of 13) pairwise (Cisco–Lake Whitefish) comparisons. We identified no strong positive or negative correlations in the lakewide (LAKEWIDE) or reduced (SIMPLE) models. In the regional model (REGIONAL 10), we identified strong and positive correlations between Cisco and Lake Whitefish CPE in two regions (ρ = 0.59–0.71) and a weak negative correlation in one region (ρ = −0.45). Collectively, our findings suggest that Cisco and Lake Whitefish CPE were largely independent of each other; thus, these species likely did not interact to the detriment of one another in Michigan waters of the upper Great Lakes during 1929–1970.