Phosphorus is a highly reactive element that is essential for life and forms a variety of compounds in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In water, phosphorus may be present as the orthophosphate ion (PO43-) and is also present in all life forms as an essential component of cellular material. In natural ecosystems, phosphorus is derived from the erosion of rocks and is conserved for plant growth as it is returned to the soil through animal waste and the decomposition of plant and animal tissue; but in agricultural systems, a portion of the phosphorus is removed with each harvest, especially since phosphorus is concentrated in the seeds and fruit. Phosphorus is added to soil by using chemical fertilizers, manure, and composted materials. Agricultural use of chemical phosphorus fertilizer, in the United States, in 2008 was 4,247,000 tons, which is an increase of 25 percent since 1964 (http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FertilizerUse/). Widely grown corn, soybeans, and wheat use the greatest amount of phosphorus fertilizer among agricultural crops.
\nPhosphorus is largely retained in soil by a process called adsorption. Soils have a limited capacity to store phosphorus, and once the capacity of soil to adsorb phosphorus is exceeded, the excess will dissolve and move more freely with water either directly to a stream or downward to an aquifer. Surface-water runoff from rainstorms or excess irrigation is the primary way that phosphorus or soil containing phosphorus is transported to streams in most watersheds. There is a growing awareness that long-term over-application of manure and chemical fertilizer contributes to phosphorus movement into the groundwater system, resulting in a significant groundwater source of phosphorus to streams and lakes, as well as potential contamination of the groundwater resources.
\nLeaching of applied fertilizer and surface runoff of phosphorus from the soil can contribute to excess growth of algae in downstream water bodies, a condition known as eutrophication. Excessive amounts of algae in eutrophic water bodies can cause large daily changes in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water because oxygen concentrations tend to be high during daylight hours as a result of photosynthetic activity but then decrease at night. Low concentrations of dissolved oxygen can stress or kill sensitive species living in the water.
\nThis study examined concentrations and movement of phosphorus in the soils and groundwater in five agricultural settings across the United States characterized by differences in soil geochemistry, climate, irrigation usage, and cropping systems to assess potential phosphorus movement in the soil and groundwater under common agricultural conditions. The study design included assessment of a variety of agricultural practices, especially cropping patterns and irrigation, so that the factors that contribute to phosphorus movement to groundwater, or sequestration of the phosphorus to soil could be compared and examined. This type of information could potentially be used to formulate best management practices to limit the transport of phosphorus from the agricultural fields.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123004","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, Agricultural Chemicals Team (ACT)","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., and Johnson, H., 2012, Phosphorus and groundwater: Establishing links between agricultural use and transport to streams: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3004, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123004.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3004.JPG"},{"id":115735,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78b1e4b0c8380cd78762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Henry 0000-0002-7571-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":71693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007140,"text":"fs20123006 - 2012 - Monitoring floods and fires during the summer of 2011--The value of the Landsat satellite 40-year archives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"fs20123006","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3006","title":"Monitoring floods and fires during the summer of 2011--The value of the Landsat satellite 40-year archives","docAbstract":"The summer of 2011 proved to be a season of extreme events. Heavy snowfall in the western mountains and excessive spring rains caused flooding along the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers; whereas extended dry conditions enabled fires to rage out of control from Alaska and Canada, south to Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Georgia, and Mexico. The Landsat archive holds nearly 40 years of continuous global earth observation data. Landsat data are used by emergency responders to monitor change and damage caused by natural and man-made disasters. Decision makers rely on Landsat as they create plans for future environmental concerns.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123006","collaboration":"N","usgsCitation":"Owen, L., 2012, Monitoring floods and fires during the summer of 2011--The value of the Landsat satellite 40-year archives: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3006, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123006.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3006.jpg"},{"id":112504,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3006/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"North America","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5da7e4b0c8380cd704ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, Linda 0000-0002-1734-5406 jonescheit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1734-5406","contributorId":478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Linda","email":"jonescheit@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70007126,"text":"fs20113136 - 2012 - Changing Arctic ecosystems--research to understand and project changes in marine and terrestrial ecosystems of the Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T14:41:01","indexId":"fs20113136","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3136","title":"Changing Arctic ecosystems--research to understand and project changes in marine and terrestrial ecosystems of the Arctic","docAbstract":"Ecosystems and their wildlife communities are not static; they change and evolve over time due to numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. A period of rapid change is occurring in the Arctic for which our current understanding of potential ecosystem and wildlife responses is limited. Changes to the physical environment include warming temperatures, diminishing sea ice, increasing coastal erosion, deteriorating permafrost, and changing water regimes. These changes influence biological communities and the ways in which human communities interact with them. Through the new initiative Changing Arctic Ecosystems (CAE) the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) strives to (1) understand the potential suite of wildlife population responses to these physical changes to inform key resource management decisions such as those related to the Endangered Species Act, and (2) provide unique insights into how Arctic ecosystems are responding under new stressors. Our studies examine how and why changes in the ice-dominated ecosystems of the Arctic are affecting wildlife and will provide a better foundation for understanding the degree and manner in which wildlife species respond and adapt to rapid environmental change. Changes to Arctic ecosystems will be felt broadly because the Arctic is a production zone for hundreds of species that migrate south for the winter. The CAE initiative includes three major research themes that span Arctic ice-dominated ecosystems and that are structured to identify and understand the linkages between physical processes, ecosystems, and wildlife populations. The USGS is applying knowledge-based modeling structures such as Bayesian Networks to integrate the work.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113136","usgsCitation":"Geiselman, J., DeGange, A.R., Oakley, K., Derksen, D.V., and Whalen, M.E., 2012, Changing Arctic ecosystems--research to understand and project changes in marine and terrestrial ecosystems of the Arctic: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3136, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113136.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3136.png"},{"id":112499,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Arctic","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f43de4b0c8380cd4bc14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geiselman, Joy","contributorId":84891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiselman","given":"Joy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oakley, Karen","contributorId":63517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whalen, Mary E. 0000-0003-2820-5158 mwhalen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2820-5158","contributorId":203717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whalen","given":"Mary","email":"mwhalen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70007098,"text":"fs20123005 - 2012 - Watershed modeling applications in south Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T09:29:11","indexId":"fs20123005","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3005","title":"Watershed modeling applications in south Texas","docAbstract":"Watershed models can be used to simulate natural and human-altered processes including the flow of water and associated transport of sediment, chemicals, nutrients, and microbial organisms within a watershed. Simulation of these processes is useful for addressing a wide range of water-resource challenges, such as quantifying changes in water availability over time, understanding the effects of development and land-use changes on water resources, quantifying changes in constituent loads and yields over time, and quantifying aquifer recharge temporally and spatially throughout a watershed.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with State and Federal agency partners, developed simulation models for several watersheds in south Texas. These models provide the capability to simulate scenarios of possible future conditions and management alternatives to help water-resource professionals with planning decisions. The program used for creating these Texas watershed models is the Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF). HSPF is one of the most comprehensive watershed modeling programs because it can simulate a variety of stream and watershed conditions with reasonable accuracy and enables flexibility in adjusting the model to simulate alternative conditions or scenarios. The HSPF model provides time-series data simulating water movement (runoff from land surfaces, infiltration of water through soil layers, flow in stream channels) and water-quality parameter values and constituent concentrations associated with the water movement at any selected location in the watershed. Time-series outputs from an HSPF simulation are continuous (for example, hourly or daily). Continuous models provide the advantage of simulating watershed processes for a full range of streamflow conditions. Continuous models can illustrate how processes that appreciably affect water-quality conditions during low flows might have relatively minor effects on water-quality conditions during high flows.
\nThis fact sheet presents an overview of six selected watershed modeling studies by the USGS and partners that address a variety of water-resource issues in south Texas. These studies provide examples of modeling applications and demonstrate the usefulness and versatility of watershed models in aiding the understanding of hydrologic systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123005","usgsCitation":"Pedraza, D.E., and Ockerman, D.J., 2012, Watershed modeling applications in south Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3005, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123005.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3005.gif"},{"id":112455,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 14","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101,25.75 ], [ -101,30.25 ], [ -96,30.25 ], [ -96,25.75 ], [ -101,25.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf76e4b08c986b32e8ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pedraza, Diana E. 0000-0003-4483-8094 dpedraza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4483-8094","contributorId":1281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedraza","given":"Diana","email":"dpedraza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007091,"text":"fs20123002 - 2012 - The Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"fs20123002","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-06T14:36:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3002","title":"The Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium","docAbstract":"Palmyra Atoll in the tropical Pacific is the site of some exciting work by scientists from a diverse collection of research institutions. The Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium (PARC) fosters collaborative multi- and inter-disciplinary research by U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) agencies (USGS and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service–USFWS), academic institutions (for example, Stanford University, University of California, and Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand) and non-governmental organizations (for example, American Museum of Natural History and The Nature Conservancy) on the terrestrial and marine ecosystems at Palmyra Atoll. USGS has been a member of PARC since its inception in 2004.
\nPalmyra functions as a living laboratory. It is a low-lying coral atoll located about 1,800 kilometers south/southwest of Hawaii near the equator in the central Pacific Ocean (latitude 5°53'N, longitude 162°05'W). Palmyra Atoll and nearby Kingman Reef are U.S. territories and represent the northern atolls/reefs of the U.S. Line Islands. Palmyra also is one of the nine sovereign territories of the United States commonly referred to as the U.S. Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs) that straddle the equator (fig. 1). Palmyra Atoll and nearby Kingman Reef also were included as part of the seven territories that comprise the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument set aside by President Bush in 2009 (Proclamation 8336), which includes the same territories as the PRIAS, except Rose Atoll and Midway Atoll.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Supporting Sound Management of Our Coasts and Seas","usgsCitation":"Suchanek, T., 2012, The Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3002, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123002.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3002.jpg"},{"id":112434,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Palmyra Atoll","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -162.08333333333334,5.883333333333333 ], [ -162.08333333333334,5.883333333333333 ], [ -162.08333333333334,5.883333333333333 ], [ -162.08333333333334,5.883333333333333 ], [ -162.08333333333334,5.883333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba875e4b08c986b321c41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suchanek, Thomas H. tsuchanek@usgs.gov","contributorId":2800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suchanek","given":"Thomas H.","email":"tsuchanek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70007073,"text":"fs20113131 - 2012 - Assessment of potential shale gas resources of the Bombay, Cauvery, and Krishna-Godavari Provinces, India, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-16T00:10:04","indexId":"fs20113131","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3131","title":"Assessment of potential shale gas resources of the Bombay, Cauvery, and Krishna-Godavari Provinces, India, 2011","docAbstract":"Using a performance-based geologic assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated a technically recoverable mean volume of 6.1 trillion cubic feet of potential shale gas in the Bombay, Cauvery, and Krishna-Godavari Provinces of India.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113131","collaboration":"World Petroleum Resources Project","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012, Assessment of potential shale gas resources of the Bombay, Cauvery, and Krishna-Godavari Provinces, India, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3131, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113131.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3131.png"},{"id":112424,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"India","otherGeospatial":"Bombay Province;Krishna-godavari Province;Cauvery Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 69,10 ], [ 69,22 ], [ 85,22 ], [ 85,10 ], [ 69,10 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee4ce4b0c8380cd49ca6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043074,"text":"fs20113137 - 2011 - Lidar vegetation mapping in national parks: Gulf Coast Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-08T09:42:51","indexId":"fs20113137","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3137","subseriesTitle":"Decision Support for Coastal Science and Management","title":"Lidar vegetation mapping in national parks: Gulf Coast Network","docAbstract":"Airborne lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) is an active remote sensing technique used to collect accurate elevation data over large areas. Lidar provides an extremely high level of regional topographic detail, which makes this technology an essential component of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) science strategy. The USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) has collaborated with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Park Service (NPS) to acquire dense topographic lidar data in a variety of coastal environments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113137","collaboration":"Decision Support for Coastal Science and Management","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M., and Segura, M., 2011, Lidar vegetation mapping in national parks: Gulf Coast Network: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3137, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113137.","productDescription":"2 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3137.jpg"},{"id":266913,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3137/"},{"id":266914,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3137/pdf/fs2011-3137.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Jean Lafitte National Historical Park And Preserve","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.4175,29.7411 ], [ -92.4175,30.4934 ], [ -89.9149,30.4934 ], [ -89.9149,29.7411 ], [ -92.4175,29.7411 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5110d85fe4b036117656389b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica 0000-0002-3786-5118 mpal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-5118","contributorId":3639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy","given":"Monica","email":"mpal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Segura, Martha","contributorId":77939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segura","given":"Martha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038411,"text":"fs20113043 - 2011 - Streamflow of 2010--Water year summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-28T14:10:23","indexId":"fs20113043","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3043","title":"Streamflow of 2010--Water year summary","docAbstract":"The maps and graph in this summary describe streamflow conditions for water-year 2010 (October 1, 2009 to September 30, 2010) in the context of the 81-year period 1930-2010, unless otherwise noted. The illustrations are based on observed data from the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Streamflow Information Program. The period 1930-2010 was used because prior to 1930, the number of streamgages was too small to provide representative data for computing statistics for most regions of the country.\r\nIn the summary, reference is made to the term \"runoff,\" which is the depth to which a river basin, State, or other geographic area would be covered with water if all the streamflow within the area during a single year was uniformly distributed upon it. Runoff quantifies the magnitude of water flowing through the Nation's rivers and streams in measurement units that can be compared from one area to another.\r\nEach of the maps and graphs below can be expanded to a larger view by clicking on the image. In all the graphics, a rank of 1 indicates the highest flow of all years analyzed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113043","usgsCitation":"Xiaodong, J., Wolock, D.M., Lins, H.F., and Brady, S., 2011, Streamflow of 2010--Water year summary: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3043, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113043.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3043.gif"},{"id":256939,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b12e4b08c986b31cc75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xiaodong, Jian","contributorId":10260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiaodong","given":"Jian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brady, Steve","contributorId":108351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037981,"text":"fs20113149 - 2011 - Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the North Sakhalin Basin Province, Russia, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"fs20113149","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3149","title":"Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the North Sakhalin Basin Province, Russia, 2011","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated volumes of undiscovered, technically recoverable, conventional petroleum resources for the North Sakhalin Basin Province of Russia. The mean volumes were estimated at 5.3 billion barrels of crude oil, 43.8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 0.8 billion barrels of natural gas liquids.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113149","collaboration":"World Petroleum Resources Project","usgsCitation":"Klett, T., Schenk, C.J., Wandrey, C.J., Charpentier, R., Brownfield, M.E., Pitman, J.K., Pollastro, R.M., Cook, T.A., and Tennyson, M., 2011, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the North Sakhalin Basin Province, Russia, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3149, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113149.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3149.gif"},{"id":254455,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3149/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"North Sakhalin Basin Province","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee7be4b0c8380cd49d9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. 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Unlike familiar cone-shaped Cascades volcanoes, Newberry was built into the shape of a broad shield by repeated eruptions over 500,000 years. About 65,000 years ago a major explosion and collapse event created a large volcanic depression (caldera) at its summit. Newberry last erupted about 1,300 years ago, and present-day hot springs and geologically young lava flows indicate that it could reawaken at any time. Because of its proximity to nearby communities, frequency and size of past eruptions, and geologic youthfulness, U.S. Geological Survey scientists are working to better understand volcanic activity at Newberry and closely monitor the volcano for signs of unrest.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113145","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., Stovall, W.K., Ramsey, D.W., Ewert, J.W., and Jensen, R.A., 2011, Newberry Volcano—Central Oregon’s sleeping giant (ver. 2.0, August 2025): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011–3145, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113145.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493645,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3145/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":115811,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3145/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":493646,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3145/fs20113145.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2011-3145 PDF"},{"id":493648,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3145/versionHist.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"FS 2011-3145 Version History"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Bend","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range, Newberry Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.45246119577928,\n 44.40169701827557\n ],\n [\n -121.45246119577928,\n 43.60389733022518\n ],\n [\n -121.09198743081843,\n 43.60389733022518\n ],\n [\n -121.09198743081843,\n 44.40169701827557\n ],\n [\n -121.45246119577928,\n 44.40169701827557\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: February 6, 2012; Version 2.0: August 6, 2025","contact":"David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory
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Email: askCVO@usgs.gov
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2012-02-06","revisedDate":"2025-08-06","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6623e4b0c8380cd72d2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. 0000-0001-8714-9606 jdnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-9606","contributorId":3271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"Julie","email":"jdnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stovall, Wendy K. 0000-0003-2518-2595 wstovall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2518-2595","contributorId":5733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stovall","given":"Wendy","email":"wstovall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsey, David W. 0000-0003-1698-2523 dramsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-2523","contributorId":3819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"David","email":"dramsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ewert, John W. 0000-0003-2819-4057 jwewert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-4057","contributorId":642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewert","given":"John","email":"jwewert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jensen, Robert A.","contributorId":35469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":356344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70007077,"text":"fs20113084 - 2011 - Response of lake chemistry to atmospheric deposition and climate in selected Class I wilderness areas in the western United States, 1993-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"fs20113084","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3084","title":"Response of lake chemistry to atmospheric deposition and climate in selected Class I wilderness areas in the western United States, 1993-2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Air Resource Management, conducted a study to evaluate long-term trends in lake-water chemistry for 64 high-elevation lakes in selected Class I wilderness areas in Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming during 1993 to 2009. Understanding how and why lake chemistry is changing in mountain areas is essential for effectively managing and protecting high-elevation aquatic ecosystems. Trends in emissions, atmospheric deposition, and climate variables (air temperature and precipitation amount) were evaluated over a similar period of record. A main objective of the study was to determine if changes in atmospheric deposition of contaminants in the Rocky Mountain region have resulted in measurable changes in the chemistry of high-elevation lakes. A second objective was to investigate linkages between lake chemistry and air temperature and precipitation to improve understanding of the sensitivity of mountain lakes to climate variability.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113084","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., 2011, Response of lake chemistry to atmospheric deposition and climate in selected Class I wilderness areas in the western United States, 1993-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3084, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113084.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3084.gif"},{"id":112427,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3084/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator project, zone 13","country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Idaho;Utah;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,35 ], [ -117,46 ], [ -104,46 ], [ -104,35 ], [ -117,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa50e4b0c8380cd8627a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006303,"text":"70006303 - 2011 - Groundwater quality in the San Diego Drainages Hydrogeologic Province, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-19T21:14:52.589233","indexId":"70006303","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3111","title":"Groundwater quality in the San Diego Drainages Hydrogeologic Province, California","docAbstract":"More than 40 percent of California's drinking water is from groundwater. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State's groundwater quality and increases public access to groundwater-quality information. The San Diego Drainages Hydrogeologic Province (hereinafter referred to as San Diego) is one of the study units being evaluated. The San Diego study unit is approximately 3,900 square miles and consists of the Temecula Valley, Warner Valley, and 12 other alluvial basins (California Department of Water Resources, 2003). The study unit also consists of all areas outside defined groundwater basins that are within 3 kilometers of a public-supply well. The study unit was separated, based primarily on hydrogeologic settings, into four study areas: Temecula Valley, Warner Valley, Alluvial Basins, and Hard Rock (Wright and others, 2005). The sampling density for the Hard Rock study area, which consists of areas outside of groundwater basins, was much lower than for the other study areas. Consequently, aquifer proportions for the Hard Rock study area are not used to calculate the aquifer proportions shown by the pie charts. An assessment of groundwater quality for the Hard Rock study area can be found in Wright and Belitz, 2011. The temperatures in the coastal part of the study unit are mild with dry summers, moist winters, and an average annual rainfall of about 10 inches. The temperatures in the mountainous eastern part of the study unit are cooler than in the coastal part, with an annual precipitation of about 45 inches that occurs mostly in the winter. The primary aquifers consist of Quaternary-age alluvium and weathered bedrock in the Temecula Valley, Warner Valley, and Alluvial Basins study areas, whereas in the Hard Rock study area the primary aquifers consist mainly of fractured and decomposed granite of Mesozoic age. The primary aquifers are defined as those parts of the aquifers corresponding to the perforated intervals of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database. Public-supply wells typically are drilled to depths between 200 and 700 feet, consist of solid casing from the land surface to a depth of about 60 to 170 feet, and are perforated, or consist of an open hole, below the solid casing. Water quality in the shallow and deep parts of the aquifer system may differ from water quality in the primary aquifers. Municipal water use accounts for approximately 70 percent of water used in the study unit; the majority of the remainder is used for agriculture, industry, and commerce. Groundwater accounts for approximately 8 percent of the municipal supply, and surface water, the majority of which is imported, accounts for the rest. Recharge to groundwater occurs through stream-channel infiltration from rivers and their tributaries, infiltration in engineered recharge basins, and infiltration of water from precipitation and irrigation. The primary source of discharge is water pumped from wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70006303","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Wright, M.T., and Belitz, K., 2011, Groundwater quality in the San Diego Drainages Hydrogeologic Province, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3111, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70006303.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3111.png"},{"id":112173,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3111/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":399135,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96350.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Orange County, Riverside County, San Diego County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.8053,\n 32.5344\n ],\n [\n -116.2964,\n 32.5344\n ],\n [\n -116.2964,\n 33.7053\n ],\n [\n -117.8053,\n 33.7053\n ],\n [\n -117.8053,\n 32.5344\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2db7e4b0c8380cd5bfca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006259,"text":"fs20113153 - 2011 - LandsatLook images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-27T10:00:39","indexId":"fs20113153","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3153","title":"LandsatLook images","docAbstract":"LandsatLook images are full resolution JPEG files derived from Landsat Level 1 data products. The images are compressed and stretched to create an image optimized for image selection and visual interpretation; it is not recommended that they be used in digital analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113153","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2011, LandsatLook images (Originally posted December 15, 2011; Revised August 16, 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3153, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113153.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3153.jpg"},{"id":112042,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3153/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","edition":"Originally posted December 15, 2011; Revised August 16, 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43f6e4b0c8380cd66728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128037,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":780213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006148,"text":"fs20113142 - 2011 - Assessing the vulnerability of public-supply wells to contamination—Edwards aquifer near San Antonio, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T09:14:38","indexId":"fs20113142","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3142","title":"Assessing the vulnerability of public-supply wells to contamination—Edwards aquifer near San Antonio, Texas","docAbstract":"This fact sheet highlights findings from the vulnerability study of a public-supply well field in San Antonio, Texas. The well field consists of six production wells that tap the Edwards aquifer. Typically, one or two wells are pumped at a time, yielding an average total of 20-21 million gallons per day. Water samples were collected from public-supply wells in the well field and from monitoring wells installed along general directions of flow to the well field. Samples from the well field contained some constituents of concern for drinking-water quality, including nitrate; the pesticide compounds atrazine, deethylatrazine, and simazine; and the volatile organic compounds tetrachloroethene (also called perchloroethene, or PCE), chloroform, bromoform, and dibromochloromethane. These constituents were detected in untreated water at concentrations much less than established drinking-water standards, where such standards exist. Overall, the study findings point to four primary factors that affect the movement and fate of contaminants and the vulnerability of the public-supply well field in San Antonio, Texas: (1) groundwater age (how long ago water entered, or recharged, the aquifer), (2) fast pathways for flow of groundwater through features formed or enlarged by dissolution of bedrock, (3) recharge characteristics of the aquifer, and (4) natural geochemical processes within the aquifer. A computer-model simulation of groundwater flow and transport was used to estimate the traveltime (or age) of water particles entering public-supply well W4 in the well field. Modeled findings show that almost half of the water reaching the public-supply well is less than 2 years old. Such a large percentage of very young water indicates that (1) contaminants entering the aquifer may be transported rapidly to the well, (2) there is limited time for chemical reactions to occur in the aquifer that may attenuate contaminants, and (3) should recharge water become contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms (which have limited survival times in aquifers), the microorganisms may be able to persist to the well. Features formed or enlarged by dissolution of bedrock allow most of the water reaching the well field to travel rapidly from the recharge zone to the supply wells along fast pathways rather than through the aquifer matrix. Supporting evidence includes (1) geophysical logging and flowmeter measurements in public-supply well W4 and in nearby monitoring wells showing that most of the flow volume into and out of the wells occurs in three horizontal zones, thought to be dissolution-enlarged bedding planes; and (2) fluctuations in groundwater chemistry that can be correlated to individual precipitation events. Analysis of water samples collected from shallow, intermediate, and deep zones of the Edwards aquifer at public-supply well W4 and from nearby monitoring wells reveal that water in the vicinity of the selected well field is notably well mixed throughout the sampled thickness of the Edwards aquifer, showing little of the chemical variation with depth that is commonly seen in other aquifers. Contaminants were found at all depths, and they did not enter the well through a specific horizon. The well-mixed nature of the Edwards aquifer is caused by the recharge characteristics of the area combined with fast flow paths through karst features. Constituents of concern in the Edwards aquifer for the long-term sustainability of the groundwater resource include the nutrient nitrate and anthropogenic contaminants such as atrazine, PCE, and chloroform. A scenario of hypothetical contaminant loading in the aquifer recharge zone was evaluated by using results from groundwater-flow-model particle tracking to assess the response of the aquifer to potential contamination. Results indicate that the concentrations at public-supply well W4 would begin to respond to contaminant loading in the recharge zone within 1 year because of short traveltimes through fast flow paths. Within 10 years, contaminant concentrations in the public-supply well would be equal to 90 percent of the input concentration for a contaminant (such as nitrate) that does not degrade in the oxic conditions of the Edwards aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113142","usgsCitation":"Jagucki, M.L., Musgrove, M., Lindgren, R.J., Fahlquist, L., and Eberts, S., 2011, Assessing the vulnerability of public-supply wells to contamination—Edwards aquifer near San Antonio, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3142, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113142.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011-3142.gif"},{"id":111128,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3142/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar;Medina","city":"San Antonio","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.16694444444445,29.4 ], [ -99.16694444444445,29.666944444444447 ], [ -98.31777777777778,29.666944444444447 ], [ -98.31777777777778,29.4 ], [ -99.16694444444445,29.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment, Transport of Anthropogenic and Natural Contaminants (TANC) to Public-Supply Wells","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edf2e4b0c8380cd49b1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jagucki, Martha L. 0000-0003-3798-8393 mjagucki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3798-8393","contributorId":1794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagucki","given":"Martha","email":"mjagucki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindgren, Richard J. lindgren@usgs.gov","contributorId":1667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Richard","email":"lindgren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fahlquist, Lynne","contributorId":8810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahlquist","given":"Lynne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. smeberts@usgs.gov","contributorId":2264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra M.","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70006205,"text":"fs20113147 - 2011 - Historical streamflows of Double Mountain Fork of Brazos River and water-surface elevations of Lake Alan Henry, Garza County, Texas, water years 1962-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:16:32","indexId":"fs20113147","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3147","title":"Historical streamflows of Double Mountain Fork of Brazos River and water-surface elevations of Lake Alan Henry, Garza County, Texas, water years 1962-2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the City of Lubbock, Texas, operates two surface-water stations in Garza County, Tex.: USGS streamflow-gaging station 08079600 Double Mountain Fork Brazos River at Justiceburg, Tex., and 08079700 Lake Alan Henry Reservoir, a water-supply reservoir about 60 miles southeast of Lubbock, Tex., and about 10 miles east of Justiceburg, Tex. The streamflow and water-surface elevation data from the two stations are useful to water-resource managers and planners in support of forecasting and water-resource infrastructure operations and are used in regional hydrologic studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113147","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Lubbock","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., and Vrabel, J., 2011, Historical streamflows of Double Mountain Fork of Brazos River and water-surface elevations of Lake Alan Henry, Garza County, Texas, water years 1962-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3147, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113147.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3147.gif"},{"id":111039,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3147/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101.25,32.93333333333333 ], [ -101.25,33.11666666666667 ], [ -100.91666666666667,33.11666666666667 ], [ -100.91666666666667,32.93333333333333 ], [ -101.25,32.93333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31a0e4b0c8380cd5e0aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vrabel, Joseph 0000-0002-8773-0764 jvrabel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8773-0764","contributorId":1577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrabel","given":"Joseph","email":"jvrabel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}