In fiscal year 1982, the U S Geological Survey began an interdisciplinary research thrust entitled Toxic Waste-Groundwater Contamination Program The objective of the thrust was to provide earth sciences information necessary to evaluate and mitigate existing groundwater contamination problems resulting from the planned or inadvertant disposal of wastes and from certain land-use practices, and to improve future waste disposal and land-use practices The program supports process-oriented and interdisciplinary field research, and regional groundwater quality studies This article provides an overview of the current (Fiscal Year 1985) activities of the Toxic Waste Program
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","isbn":"9780121814908","usgsCitation":"Coleman, S.M., and Dethier, D., 1986, Levels of time information in weathering measurements, with examples from weathering rinds on volcanic clasts in the Western United States, chap. 15 of Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals, p. 379-393.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"393","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352450,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/rates-of-chemical-weathering-of-rocks-and-minerals/colman/978-0-08-091737-5"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff3835e4b0da30c1bfd9b5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Coleman, Steven M.","contributorId":34334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730911,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dethier, David P.","contributorId":35285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethier","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730912,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, Steven M.","contributorId":34334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dethier, David P.","contributorId":35285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethier","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015602,"text":"70015602 - 1986 - Obstacles facing the Venus radar mapper - The implications of gestalt formation in stereo-radargrammetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015602","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1429,"text":"Earth, Moon and Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Obstacles facing the Venus radar mapper - The implications of gestalt formation in stereo-radargrammetry","docAbstract":"The question of adapting to radar images the existing hardware that form topographic maps through stereo-photogrammetric models, is examined in principle. Such hardware utilizes a human/computer hybrid. Although the problem of brightness differentials between corresponding landmarks can be dealt with pseudo-photoclinometrically, the main problem is whether the perspective in a radar image can be conceived to mimic that of a photographic image obtained by a suitably positioned camera. This conception is found to be possible, providing the characteristic relief subtends a very small angle at the radar and at the fictitious camera. The photogrammetric model parameters must be determined a priori. ?? 1986 D. Reidel Publishing Company.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth, Moon and Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00113883","issn":"01679295","usgsCitation":"Wildey, R., 1986, Obstacles facing the Venus radar mapper - The implications of gestalt formation in stereo-radargrammetry: Earth, Moon and Planets, v. 36, no. 1, p. 41-48, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00113883.","startPage":"41","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205465,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00113883"},{"id":224267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b08e4b0c8380cd744a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildey, R.L.","contributorId":9700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildey","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27239,"text":"wri854159 - 1986 - Geohydrology of the Lloyd aquifer, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T21:27:20.297898","indexId":"wri854159","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4159","title":"Geohydrology of the Lloyd aquifer, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"The Lloyd aquifer contains only about 9% of the water stored in Long Island 's groundwater system but is the only source of potable water for several communities near the north and south shores. The Lloyd aquifer is virtually untapped throughout most of central Long Island because current legal restrictions permit its use only in coastal areas. The upper surface of the Lloyd aquifer ranges in depth from 100 ft below land surface on the north shore to more than 1,500 ft on the south shore. Aquifer thickness increases southward from 50 ft to about 500 ft. Transmissivity ranges from 1,500 to 19,000 sq ft/day. All recharge (35 to 40 mil gal/day) and nearly all discharge is through the overlying confining unit. Nearly all of the pumpage (approximately 20 mil gal/day) is in Queens and along the north and south shores of Nassau County. Potable water can be obtained on most of Long Island in larger quantities and at shallower depths from other aquifers than from the Lloyd. Local contamination of these other aquifers, however, may require at least temporary withdrawals from the Lloyd in noncoastal areas. Significant withdrawals from the Lloyd aquifer may lower the potentiometric surface and thereby induce landward movement of sea water into the aquifer in coastal areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854159","usgsCitation":"Garber, M.S., 1986, Geohydrology of the Lloyd aquifer, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4159, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854159.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415547,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36316.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4159/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56103,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4159/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Lloyd aquifer, Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.51130360165777,\n 41.04897322161665\n ],\n [\n -74.05971240699634,\n 41.04897322161665\n ],\n [\n -74.05971240699634,\n 40.51344467382111\n ],\n [\n -72.51130360165777,\n 40.51344467382111\n ],\n [\n -72.51130360165777,\n 41.04897322161665\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a894a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garber, M. S.","contributorId":6433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garber","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162141,"text":"70162141 - 1986 - A natural epizootic of infectious haematopoietic necrosis in imported Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., reared in the enzootic region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T10:38:43","indexId":"70162141","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" A natural epizootic of infectious haematopoietic necrosis in imported Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., reared in the enzootic region","docAbstract":"In June 1984, fry of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., (0-3 g mean weight), being reared in a hatehery operated by the University of Washington, began to die and infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) was diagnosed. A total of 40 000 fry were being held in 11 tanks. Mortality due to IHN was noticeable in three tanks, losses being heavy in one and moderate in two. Gross examination of the fish failed to reveal an obvious cause of death. Signs included: evidence of haemorrhage ventrally, anterior to the anus; pale gills and liver; an empty gut, except for the presence of a white caseous material; and abdominal distension. The spleen and kidney were normal. When examinations of the fish for bacteria and parasites were negative, virus isolation was attempted.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.1986.tb01001.x","usgsCitation":"Mulcahy, D., and Wood, J., 1986, A natural epizootic of infectious haematopoietic necrosis in imported Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., reared in the enzootic region: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 9, no. 2, p. 173-175, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1986.tb01001.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314308,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5698d4b8e4b0fbd3f7fa4bf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulcahy, D.","contributorId":82642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, J.","contributorId":152254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27169,"text":"wri864180 - 1986 - Long-term water-quality characteristics of Charlotte Harbor, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T18:25:22.645995","indexId":"wri864180","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4180","title":"Long-term water-quality characteristics of Charlotte Harbor, Florida","docAbstract":"Water-quality data for nine constituents collected from January 1976 through March 1984 in upper Charlotte Harbor were examined for evidence of trend (change) with time. Average seasonal patterns and moving averages were described to aid initial descriptions of variation. Multilinear regression models were developed using independent variables that are known to or that may affect variation of constituent. A nonparametric analysis (Seasonal Kendall test) was used as a different approach to determine trends. These results were generally consistent with the parametric analyses. Evidence suggested an increasing trend for temperature and orthophosphate and a decreasing trend for near-surface dissolved oxygen. The temperature trend was related to low winter temperatures early in the period. The orthophosphate trend was related to a major source, the Peace River. The source of the dissolved oxygen trend was not identified, but a relation with primary producers (phytoplankton) was likely. Evidence of a trend was not found for total phosphate, reactive silica, and organic nitrogen. Trend analysis for chloride appeared complicated by strong serial correlation, and the tentative conclusion was that no trend occurred. Nitrate plus nitrite and ammonia data contained too many values that were less than detection limits, and trend analysis could not be made.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864180","usgsCitation":"Fraser, T.H., 1986, Long-term water-quality characteristics of Charlotte Harbor, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4180, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864180.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4180/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126684,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4180/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415854,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49213.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Charlotte Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82,\n 26.9167\n ],\n [\n -82.25,\n 26.9167\n ],\n [\n -82.25,\n 26.667\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 26.667\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 26.9167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63eff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraser, T. 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St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.23182678222656,\n 46.256321590140196\n ],\n [\n -122.10205078125,\n 46.24540080200015\n ],\n [\n -122.11921691894531,\n 46.13845231463026\n ],\n [\n -122.25791931152344,\n 46.13845231463026\n ],\n [\n -122.24555969238281,\n 46.26011961544144\n ],\n [\n -122.23182678222656,\n 46.256321590140196\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f51e4b0961cf2811c40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, S.","contributorId":28451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1016611,"text":"1016611 - 1986 - [Book review] The encyclopedia of birds, by Christopher M. 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Middleton: Prairie Naturalist, v. 18.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634f2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014479,"text":"1014479 - 1986 - Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in striped bass Morone saxatilis: experimental infection of fry and fingerlings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T01:40:48.320237","indexId":"1014479","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in striped bass Morone saxatilis: experimental infection of fry and fingerlings","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/DAO001203","usgsCitation":"Wechsler, S., Schultz, C.L., McAllister, P.E., May, E., and Hetrick, F.M., 1986, Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in striped bass Morone saxatilis: experimental infection of fry and fingerlings: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 1, p. 203-208, https://doi.org/10.3354/DAO001203.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486826,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao001203","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131638,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db672357","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wechsler, S.J.","contributorId":82260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wechsler","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, C. L.","contributorId":24308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, E.B.","contributorId":6406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hetrick, F. M.","contributorId":74337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hetrick","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014844,"text":"70014844 - 1986 - Borehole field calibration and measurement of low-concentration manganese by decay gamma rays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T15:59:49.859181","indexId":"70014844","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Borehole field calibration and measurement of low-concentration manganese by decay gamma rays","docAbstract":"The manganese concentration in the Arundel clay formation, Prince Georges County, Maryland, was determined from a borehole by using delayed neutron activation. The neutrons were produced by a 100 mu g 252 Cf source. The 847 keV gamma ray of manganese was detected continuously, and its counting rate was measured at intervals of 15 s as the measuring sonde was moved at a rate of 0.5 cm/s. The technique measured the concentration ratio of manganese to aluminum. This ratio, when combined with an estimate of the aluminum concentration of the clay, made it possible to determine the percentage concentration of manganese without using a test-pit calibration facility. The measurements were made by using an NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and a Ge(HP) solid-state detector cooled by solid propane. A two-pass technique had to be used with the scintillation detector because Compton background from the 1 779 keV photopeak of aluminum masked the manganese line. The Compton background did not interfere when the solid-state detector was used. The borehole measurements compared favorably with a chemical core analysis and were unaffected by water in the borehole.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442075","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Mikesell, J., Senftle, F.E., Lloyd, T., Tanner, A., Merritt, C., and Force, E.R., 1986, Borehole field calibration and measurement of low-concentration manganese by decay gamma rays: Geophysics, v. 51, no. 12, p. 2219-2224, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442075.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2219","endPage":"2224","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225600,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f217e4b0c8380cd4afd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mikesell, J.L.","contributorId":46113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikesell","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lloyd, T.A.","contributorId":6600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanner, A.B.","contributorId":44155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merritt, C.T.","contributorId":63966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Force, E. R.","contributorId":28235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70014503,"text":"70014503 - 1986 - NEW STUDIES OF URBAN FLOOD FREQUENCY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014503","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3647,"text":"Transportation Research Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NEW STUDIES OF URBAN FLOOD FREQUENCY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES.","docAbstract":"Five reports dealing with flood magnitude and frequency in urban areas in the southeastern United States have been published during the past 2 years by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). These reports are based on data collected in Tampa and Tallahassee, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; and several cities in Alabama and Tennessee. Each report contains regression equations useful for estimating flood peaks for selected recurrence intervals at ungauged urban sites. A nationwide study of urban flood characteristics by the USGS published in 1983 contains equations for estimating urban peak discharges for ungauged sites. At the time that the nationwide study was conducted, data from only 35 sites in the southeastern United States were available. The five new reports contain data for 88 additional sites. These new data show that the seven-parameter estimating equations developed in the nationwide study are unbiased and have prediction errors less than those described in the nationwide report.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transportation Research Record","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03611981","usgsCitation":"Sauer, V.B., 1986, NEW STUDIES OF URBAN FLOOD FREQUENCY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES.: Transportation Research Record, p. 10-15.","startPage":"10","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6146e4b0c8380cd718b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, Vernon B.","contributorId":92645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014502,"text":"70014502 - 1986 - Mineralogy and paragenesis of 'pocket' clays and associated minerals in complex granitic pegmatites, San Diego County, California.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014502","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and paragenesis of 'pocket' clays and associated minerals in complex granitic pegmatites, San Diego County, California.","docAbstract":"The sources of the elements incorporated into pocket-filling clays and pseudomorphous minerals, the conditions of formation, and the paragenesis of these minerals are discussed.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Foord, E., Starkey, H., and Taggert, J., 1986, Mineralogy and paragenesis of 'pocket' clays and associated minerals in complex granitic pegmatites, San Diego County, California.: American Mineralogist, v. 71, no. 3-4, p. 428-439.","startPage":"428","endPage":"439","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ac2e4b0c8380cd6f0ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starkey, H.C.","contributorId":88728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starkey","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taggert, J.E. Jr.","contributorId":95209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggert","given":"J.E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1013657,"text":"1013657 - 1986 - Salmonid whirling disease: dynamics of experimental production of the infective stage - the Triactinomyxon spore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:15","indexId":"1013657","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salmonid whirling disease: dynamics of experimental production of the infective stage - the Triactinomyxon spore","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"86-025/FH","usgsCitation":"Markiw, M., 1986, Salmonid whirling disease: dynamics of experimental production of the infective stage - the Triactinomyxon spore: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 43, no. 3, p. 521-526.","productDescription":"p. 521-526","startPage":"521","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markiw, M.E.","contributorId":44865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markiw","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013881,"text":"1013881 - 1986 - Design and application of vacuum degassers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:00:57.672346","indexId":"1013881","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Design and application of vacuum degassers","docAbstract":"Designs of vacuum degassers, which alleviate gas supersaturation in hatchery waters, have progressed greatly in recent years. Basic rules of thumb now exist by which the feasibility of vacuum degassers can be determined for particular facilities, and by which complete systems can be designed and built to meet local needs. These rules are presented in the form of step‐by‐step procedures and guidelines directed to practicing hatchery operators. The flexibility of vacuum degasser designs is illustrated for large‐, medium‐, and small‐volume systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C215:DAAOVD%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fuss, J.T., 1986, Design and application of vacuum degassers: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 48, p. 215-221, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C215:DAAOVD%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131749,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667ec1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuss, J. T.","contributorId":37673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014237,"text":"1014237 - 1986 - Replacement of distiller solubles with grain compared for salmonid diet formulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:32","indexId":"1014237","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1629,"text":"Feedstuffs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Replacement of distiller solubles with grain compared for salmonid diet formulation","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Feedstuffs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"87-102/TL","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S.G., 1986, Replacement of distiller solubles with grain compared for salmonid diet formulation: Feedstuffs, v. 58, no. 53.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bef1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014511,"text":"1014511 - 1986 - Mycoplasma contamination in fish cell lines: An evaluation of detection by differential incorporation of 3H-uridine and 14C-uracil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-02T00:02:07.500613","indexId":"1014511","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mycoplasma contamination in fish cell lines: An evaluation of detection by differential incorporation of 3H-uridine and 14C-uracil","docAbstract":"Differential incorporation of uridine and uracil was used to assay for mycoplasma contamination in five fish cell lines: bluegill fry (BF-2), chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214), epithelioma papillosum cyprini (EPC), fathead minnow (FHM) and rainbow trout gonad (RTG-2). The method was not suitable for monitoring BF-2, CHSE-214, FHM, and RTG-2 cell lines because they incorporated uracil. Differential incorporation of uridine and uracil may be applicable for screening EPC cells because only this cell line could distinguish cultures experimentally infected with Mycoplasma orale from cultures known to be free from microbial contaminants.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.1986.tb00990.x","usgsCitation":"Schultz, C.L., Lidgerding, B.C., McAllister, P.E., and Hetrick, F.M., 1986, Mycoplasma contamination in fish cell lines: An evaluation of detection by differential incorporation of 3H-uridine and 14C-uracil: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 9, no. 2, p. 117-122, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1986.tb00990.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698aa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, C. L.","contributorId":24308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidgerding, B. C.","contributorId":8028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidgerding","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hetrick, F. M.","contributorId":74337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hetrick","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014501,"text":"70014501 - 1986 - Role of replacement in the genesis of anorthosite in the Boehls Butte area, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T12:02:18.172713","indexId":"70014501","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1789,"text":"Geological Society of Finland, Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of replacement in the genesis of anorthosite in the Boehls Butte area, Idaho","docAbstract":"In the Boehls Butte area, Idaho, three large and numerous small lenses of layered to massive anorthosite consisting of two, and locally three, types of plagioclase and minor hornblende and micas occur in aluminum silicate-rich garnet mica schist. In most of this anorthosite, andesine megacrysts with bytownite inclusions are embedded in a fine-grained groundmass of bytownite or anorthite. In places labradorite occurs instead of andesine. Some labradorite laths show Carlsbad twinning and rims of andesine around anorthite inclusions. Along the contacts, lenses of fine-grained bytownite anorthosite with some hornblende or garnet and quartz are common. These lenses could represent calcic parent rocks that were changed to two-plagioclase rocks by partial replacement of bytownite by andesine.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of Finland","doi":"10.17741/bgsf/58.1.005","usgsCitation":"Hietanen, A., 1986, Role of replacement in the genesis of anorthosite in the Boehls Butte area, Idaho: Geological Society of Finland, Bulletin, v. 58, no. 1, p. 71-79, https://doi.org/10.17741/bgsf/58.1.005.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480542,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.17741/bgsf/58.1.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Boehls Butte","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 47.333\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 46.666\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 46.666\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 47.333\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 47.333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae66e4b0c8380cd870b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hietanen, Anna","contributorId":43841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hietanen","given":"Anna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014827,"text":"70014827 - 1986 - Low-frequency radiation from point sources in a fluid-filled borehole","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T16:30:54.578618","indexId":"70014827","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-frequency radiation from point sources in a fluid-filled borehole","docAbstract":"Far-field displacement fields have been derived for an impulsive point force acting on a fluid-filled borehole wall under the assumption that the borehole diameter is small compared to the wavelength involved. The displacements due to an arbitrary source can be computed easily by combining the solutions for the impulsive sources.
In general, the borehole source generates not only longitudinal and vertically polarized shear waves, but also horizontally polarized shear waves. This study also indicates that only the axisymmetric motion around the borehole due to normal stress is affected by the fluid in the borehole. In the long-wavelength limit, the presence of the fluid does not affect the radiation from tangential sources into the surrounding medium.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442226","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 1986, Low-frequency radiation from point sources in a fluid-filled borehole: Geophysics, v. 51, no. 9, p. 1801-1807, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442226.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1801","endPage":"1807","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225340,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a55e4b0c8380cd68cb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009898,"text":"70009898 - 1986 - Authors' reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T17:18:04.550789","indexId":"70009898","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Authors' reply","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(86)90228-3","issn":"00046981","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R., and Peters, N., 1986, Authors' reply: Atmospheric Environment, v. 20, no. 1, p. 230-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(86)90228-3.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"232","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eeefe4b0c8380cd4a049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, R.M.","contributorId":58639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014843,"text":"70014843 - 1986 - Contrasting magma types and steady-state, volume-predictable, basaltic volcanism along the Great Rift, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T01:21:37.912337","indexId":"70014843","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting magma types and steady-state, volume-predictable, basaltic volcanism along the Great Rift, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Great Rift is an 85-km-long, 2- to 8-km-wide volcanic rift zone in the Snake River Plain, Idaho. Three latest Pleistocene to Holocene basaltic lava fields, Craters of the Moon, Kings Bowl, and Wapi, are located along the Great Rift. The Craters of the Moon lava field is a composite of more than 60 lava flows, 25 cinder cones, and at least 8 eruptive fissure systems. It covers 1,600 km2 and contains ∼30 km3 of lava flows and associated pyroclastic deposits. Field, radiocarbon, and paleomagnetic data show that the Craters of the Moon lava field formed in eight eruptive periods, each of which was typically several hundred years or less in duration and was separated from others before and after by intervals of several hundred to several thousand years. The first eruptive period began ∼15,000 yr B.P., and the latest eruptive period ended ∼2100 yr B.P. The small Kings Bowl lava field (3.3 km2, 0.01 km3) and the larger Wapi lava field (330 km2, 6 km3) both formed ∼2250 yr B.P.
Three magma types have fed flows along the Great Rift. The types are (1) a contaminated type that has a SiO2 range of ∼49%–64% and commonly shows petrographic evidence of contamination, (2) a fractionated type that has a SiO2 range of ∼44%–54% and shows no evidence of contamination and whose chemical and mineralogical variation can be accounted for mainly by crystal fractionation, and (3) a Snake River Plain type that has a SiO2 range of ∼45%–48%, shows little evidence of fractionation, and is represented by Kings Bowl–Wapi flows and olivine basalts of the Snake River Plain. The contaminated and fractionated magma types were erupted at the Craters of the Moon lava field, and the Snake River Plain magma type was erupted at the Kings Bowl and Wapi lava fields. These relations imply that the magma reservoirs are spatially isolated.
The magma output rate for the Craters of the Moon segment of the Great Rift was constant at ∼1.5 km3/1,000 yr for the period from 15,000 to 7000 yr B.P. The rate increased to ∼2.8 km3/1,000 yr from 7000 to 2000 yr B.P., mainly as a result of the addition of contaminated magma to the nearly constant output rate of fractionated magma. The Craters of the Moon segment of the Great Rift has experienced quasi-steady-state, volume-predictable volcanism for the last 15,000 yr. The recurrence interval of eruptive activity for the Craters of the Moon lava field ranges from several hundred to ∼3,000 yr. Because the present interval has lasted ∼2,100 yr, another eruptive period seems likely to occur within the next 1,000 yr. The steady-state, volume-predictable relationship suggests that 5–6 km3 of lava will be erupted in the next eruptive period.