More than 140 m of upper Cenozoic basin-fill sediments were deposited and then deformed in Fisher Valley between about 2.5 and 0.25 m.y. ago, in response to uplift of the adjacent Onion Creek salt diapir. In addition to these basin-fill sediments, minor amounts of eolian and fluvial sand were deposited in Holocene time. The sediments, whose relative ages are known from the stratigraphy, are predominantly sandy, second-cycle red beds derived from nearby Mesozoic rocks; most were deposited in a vertical sequence, filling a sedimentary basin now exposed by fluvial dissection. We have applied a variety of established and experimental dating methods to the sediments in Fisher Valley to establish their age and to provide time control for the recent history of the Onion Creek salt diapir.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1422:DTUCSI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Choquette, A., Rosholt, J., Miller, G.H., and Huntley, D., 1986, Dating the upper Cenozoic sediments in Fisher Valley, southeastern Utah (USA): Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 12, p. 1422-1431, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1422:DTUCSI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1422","endPage":"1431","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225845,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fde4e4b0c8380cd4e9cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Choquette, Anne F.","contributorId":98323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choquette","given":"Anne F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosholt, J.M.","contributorId":90476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosholt","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, G. H.","contributorId":54732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huntley, D.J.","contributorId":24932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntley","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70015040,"text":"70015040 - 1986 - Seismic measurements of the internal properties of fault zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-07T15:49:47.356543","indexId":"70015040","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic measurements of the internal properties of fault zones","docAbstract":"The internal properties within and adjacent to fault zones are reviewed, principally on the basis of laboratory, borehole, and seismic refraction and reflection data. The deformation of rocks by faulting ranges from intragrain microcracking to severe alteration. Saturated microcracked and mildly fractured rocks do not exhibit a significant reduction in velocity, but, from borehole measurements, densely fractured rocks do show significantly reduced velocities, the amount of reduction generally proportional to the fracture density. Highly fractured rock and thick fault gouge along the creeping portion of the San Andreas fault are evidenced by a pronounced seismic low-velocity zone (LVZ), which is either very thin or absent along locked portions of the fault. Thus there is a correlation between fault slip behavior and seismic velocity structure within the fault zone; high pore pressure within the pronounced LVZ may be conductive to fault creep. Deep seismic reflection data indicate that crustal faults sometimes extend through the entire crust. Models of these data and geologic evidence are consistent with a composition of deep faults consisting of highly foliated, seismically anisotropic mylonites.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"","doi":"10.1007/BF00875723","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Mooney, W.D., and Ginzburg, A., 1986, Seismic measurements of the internal properties of fault zones: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 124, no. 1-2, p. 141-157, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00875723.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b2ee4b08c986b31765b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginzburg, A.","contributorId":78472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginzburg","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003279,"text":"1003279 - 1986 - Potential for nitrosamine formation in seven fishery chemicals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T15:58:59.953251","indexId":"1003279","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for nitrosamine formation in seven fishery chemicals","docAbstract":"In recent years, nitrosamines have been reported as possible causes of cancer, mutations, or birth defects. Inasmuch as these compounds may be formed by the interaction of certain amines with nitrite in the aquatic environment, we evaluated seven fishery chemicals for their potential to form nitrosamines: the experimental fish toxicant digeranylethanolamine (GD‐174); the four therapeutants Terramycin, erythromycin, Hyamine 1622, and Hyamine 3500; and the two tracer dyes rhodamine B and rhodamine WT. The results indicate that the controlled use of the seven fishery chemicals in natural environments will not lead to the formation of nitrosamines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C301:PFNFIS%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Abidi, S.L., Dawson, V.K., and Hubley, R., 1986, Potential for nitrosamine formation in seven fishery chemicals: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 48, no. 4, p. 301-302, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C301:PFNFIS%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68332d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abidi, S. L.","contributorId":19898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abidi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubley, R.C. Jr.","contributorId":94625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubley","given":"R.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014622,"text":"70014622 - 1986 - A comparison of upper mantle subcontinental electrical conductivity for North America, Europe, and Asia.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:30","indexId":"70014622","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2322,"text":"Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift fur Geophysik","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of upper mantle subcontinental electrical conductivity for North America, Europe, and Asia.","docAbstract":"Spherical harmonic analysis coefficients of the external and internal parts of the quiet-day geomagnetic field variations (Sq), separated for the N American, European, Central Asian and E Asian regions, were used to determine conductivity profiles to depths of about 600km by the Schmucker equivalent-substitute conductor method. All 3 regions showed a roughly exponential increase of conductivity with depth. Distinct discontinuities seemed to be evident near 255-300km and near 450-600km. Regional differences in the conductivity profiles were shown by the functional fittings to the data. For depths less than about 275km, the N American conductivities seemed to be significantly higher than the other regions. For depths greater than about 300km, the E Asian conductivities were largest. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift fur Geophysik","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W., and Schiffmacher, E., 1986, A comparison of upper mantle subcontinental electrical conductivity for North America, Europe, and Asia.: Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift fur Geophysik, v. 59, no. 1, p. 56-61.","startPage":"56","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e37be4b0c8380cd46069","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, W.H.","contributorId":30749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schiffmacher, E.R.","contributorId":69297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffmacher","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014621,"text":"70014621 - 1986 - DIGITAL MAPPING PROGRAM OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:30","indexId":"70014621","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"DIGITAL MAPPING PROGRAM OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","docAbstract":"As the nation's primary Federal earth-science, factfinding and research agency, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides cartographic and natural resource information to many users to aid in planning and decision-making. Users of the data, both inside and outside the USGS, have become more and more sophisticated in their applications. As a consequence, scientists at the USGS are embracing computer technology as an essential element of their data gathering and production activities. Now, much of that cartographic information is available in computer-compatible form on magnetic tape from USGS national digital cartographic data bases.","conferenceTitle":"Advances in CAD/CAM Workstations: Case Studies.","conferenceLocation":"Monterey, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Klumer Academic Publ","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, USA","isbn":"0898381576","usgsCitation":"Mikuni, A.M., 1986, DIGITAL MAPPING PROGRAM OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY., Advances in CAD/CAM Workstations: Case Studies., Monterey, CA, USA, p. 173-184.","startPage":"173","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd47e4b0c8380cd4e73b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mikuni, Alan M.","contributorId":7016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikuni","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014615,"text":"70014615 - 1986 - Mineralogy and geochemical evolution of the Little Three pegmatite-aplite layered intrusive, Ramona, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-28T08:51:42","indexId":"70014615","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and geochemical evolution of the Little Three pegmatite-aplite layered intrusive, Ramona, California","docAbstract":"Several layered pegmatite-aplite intrusives exposed at the Little Three mine, Ramona, display closely associated fine-grained to giant-textured mineral assemblages which are believed to have co-evolved from a hydrous aluminosilicate residual melt with an exsolved supercritical vapour phase. Calculations of phase relations between the major pegmatite-aplite mineral assemblages and supercritical aqueous fluid were made, assuming equilibrium and closed-system behaviour as a first-order model.-J.A.Z.","language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Stern, L., Brown, G.E., Bird, D., Jahns, R.H., Foord, E., Shigley, J., and Spaulding, L., 1986, Mineralogy and geochemical evolution of the Little Three pegmatite-aplite layered intrusive, Ramona, California: American Mineralogist, v. 71, no. 3-4, p. 406-427.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"427","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Jr.","contributorId":50668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"L.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1007531,"text":"1007531 - 1986 - Natural fire management in national parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T16:00:09.915815","indexId":"1007531","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural fire management in national parks","docAbstract":"An evolving understanding of ecological processes, together with ambiguities in National Park Service policy, have led to multiple interpretations of the role of management in our large natural area National Parks. National Park Service management policies must be dynamic and responsive to changes in scientific knowledge and societal values. We propose that the principal aim of NPS resource management in natural areas is the unimpeded interaction of native ecosystem processes and structural elements. The case of the changing role of natural fire management is used as an example in developing this rationale.
No abstract available.
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St. Paul, Minnesota. The design of the finite-difference model grid for the doublet-well system is complicated because the aquifer is anisotropic and the principal axes of transmissivity are not aligned with the axis between the two wells.
\nAn analytical solution for flow in a doublet-well system in an infinite anisotropic aquifer was employed in the design of a grid with artificial boundaries placed in the midst of the flow field. Flow-net analysis was used to determine water flux across an cquipotential boundary and to assign approximate flux values at model boundaries. This enabled the simulation of the effects of the entire flow field, although only a small part was modeled.
\nThe validity of the flux values at the model boundaries for the isothermal case was tested by simulation of an eight-day injection test of ambient-temperature water. Model-computed pressures compared very favorably with field-observed pressures. The validity of boundary-flux values also was tested for nonisothermal conditions by simulation of injection of 300o F water at 300 gallons per minute for eight days.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Worthington, OH","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01028.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.T., and Voss, C., 1986, Finite-difference grid for a doublet well in an anisotropic aquifer: Ground Water, v. 24, no. 4, p. 490-496, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01028.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"490","endPage":"496","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a102be4b0c8380cd53b6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. T.","contributorId":15209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007653,"text":"1007653 - 1986 - Incidence of gunshot deaths in desert tortoises in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:04","indexId":"1007653","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incidence of gunshot deaths in desert tortoises in California","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Berry, K., 1986, Incidence of gunshot deaths in desert tortoises in California: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 14, p. 127-132.","productDescription":"p. 127-132","startPage":"127","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":129785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f57b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188277,"text":"70188277 - 1986 - Rb-Sr, K-Ar, and stable isotope evidence for the ages and sources of fluid components of gold-bearing quartz veins in the northern Sierra Nevada foothills metamorphic belt, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T11:16:52","indexId":"70188277","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rb-Sr, K-Ar, and stable isotope evidence for the ages and sources of fluid components of gold-bearing quartz veins in the northern Sierra Nevada foothills metamorphic belt, California","docAbstract":"Gold-bearing quartz veins occur in and near major fault zones in deformed oceanic and island-arc rocks west of the main outcrop of the Sierra Nevada composite batholith. Veins typically occupy minor reverse faults that crosscut blueschist to amphibolite-grade metamorphic rocks whose metamorphic ages range from early Paleozoic to Jurassic. Vein micas and carbonate-quartz-mica assemblages that formed by hydrothermal metasomatism of ultramafic wall rocks in the Alleghany, Grass Valley, Washington, and Mother Lode districts yield concordant K-Ar and Rb-Sr ages. The dated veins are significantly younger than prograde metamorphism, penetrative deformation, and accretion of their host rocks to the continental margin. New and previously published mineralization ages from 13 localities in the Sierra foothills range from about 140 to 110 m.y. ago, with mean and median between 120 and 115 m.y. The age relations suggest that mineralizing fluids were set in motion by deep magmatic activity related to the resumption of east-dipping subduction along the western margin of North America following the Late Jurassic Nevadan collision event.CO 2 -bearing fluids responsible for metasomatism and much of the vein mica, carbonate, albite, and quartz deposition in several northern mines were isotopically heavy (delta 18 O [asymp] 8-14ppm; delta D between about -10 and -50ppm) and do not resemble seawater, magmatic, or meteoric waters. Metasomatic and vein-filling mica, dolomite, magnesite, and quartz in altered ultramafic rocks generally formed from fluids with similar Sr and O isotope ratios at a given locality. Consistent quartz-mica delta 18 O fractionations (delta 18 O (sub Q-M) = 4.5-4.9ppm) from various localities imply uniform equilibration temperatures, probably between 300 degrees and 350 degrees C. On a local (mine) scale, fluids responsible for both carbonate alteration of mafic and ultramafic wall rocks and albitic alteration of felsic and pelitic rocks had similar Sr isotope ratios.Samples from three veins in the central Alleghany district fit a 115.7 + or - 3-m.y. Rb-Sr isochron with a ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) i value of approximately 0.7119. Inferred 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of metasomatic fluids from mines in different parts of the foothills region vary considerably (0.704-0.718), suggesting that Sr was derived from sources ranging from \"western assemblage\" Mesozoic ophiolitic or arc volcanic rocks to early Paleozoic continent-derived clastic rocks of the Shoo Fly Complex. Systematic geographic variations in both Sr and O isotopes can be rationalized by assuming extensive fluid interaction with rocks similar to the ones that are exposed within a few kilometers of the veins, but the ultimate sources of the fluids, and of Au and other constituents, may be independent of these. Isotopically lighter (meteoric?) fluids deposited some late quartz overgrowths and occupied secondary fluid inclusions in earlier vein quartz.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.81.2.296","usgsCitation":"Bohlke, J., and Kistler, R.W., 1986, Rb-Sr, K-Ar, and stable isotope evidence for the ages and sources of fluid components of gold-bearing quartz veins in the northern Sierra Nevada foothills metamorphic belt, California: Economic Geology, v. 81, p. 296-322, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.81.2.296.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"322","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366db0e4b0f6c2d0d7d66c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":115397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014556,"text":"70014556 - 1986 - Brine and gas recovery from geopressured systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T18:41:51.865607","indexId":"70014556","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brine and gas recovery from geopressured systems","docAbstract":"A series of parametric calculations was run with the geopressured—geothermal simulator MUSHRM to assess the effects of important formation, fluid and well parameters on brine and gas recovery from geopressured reservoir systems. The specific parameters considered are formation permeability, pore-fluid salinity, temperature and gas content, well radius and location with respect to reservoir boundaries, desired flow rate, and possible shale recharge. It was found that the total brine and gas recovered (as a fraction of the resource in situ) were most sensitive to formation permeability, pore-fluid gas content and shale recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(86)90027-1","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Garg, S., Riney, T., and Wallace, R.H., 1986, Brine and gas recovery from geopressured systems: Geothermics, v. 15, no. 1, p. 23-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(86)90027-1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f281e4b0c8380cd4b1ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garg, S.K.","contributorId":86499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garg","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riney, T.D.","contributorId":72537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riney","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, R. H. Jr.","contributorId":62268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014555,"text":"70014555 - 1986 - Analysing seismic-source mechanisms by linear-programming methods.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T11:26:30","indexId":"70014555","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1804,"text":"Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysing seismic-source mechanisms by linear-programming methods.","docAbstract":"Linear-programming methods are powerful and efficient tools for objectively analysing seismic focal mechanisms and are applicable to a wide range of problems, including tsunami warning and nuclear explosion identification. The source mechanism is represented as a point in the 6-D space of moment-tensor components. The present method can easily be extended to fit observed seismic-wave amplitudes (either signed or absolute) subject to polarity constraints, and to assess the range of mechanisms consistent with a set of measured amplitudes. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1986.tb04364.x","usgsCitation":"Julian, B., 1986, Analysing seismic-source mechanisms by linear-programming methods.: Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 84, no. 2, p. 431-443, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1986.tb04364.x.","startPage":"431","endPage":"443","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269142,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1986.tb04364.x"}],"volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf3e4b0c8380cd48b06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015683,"text":"70015683 - 1986 - Fumarole emissions at Mount St. Helens volcano, June 1980 to October 1981: Degassing of a magma-hydrothermal system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70015683","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fumarole emissions at Mount St. Helens volcano, June 1980 to October 1981: Degassing of a magma-hydrothermal system","docAbstract":"This study is an investigation of the chemical changes in the Mount St. Helens fumarole gases up to October 1981, the sources of the fumarole gases, and the stability of gas species in the shallow magma system. These problems are investigated by calculations of element compositions, thermodynamic equilibria, and magmatic volatile-hydrothermal steam mixing models. The fumarole gases are treated as mixtures of magmatic volatiles and hydrothermal steam formed by magma degassing and boiling of local waters in a dryout zone near conduit and dome magma. The magmatic volatile fraction is significant in fumaroles with temperatures in excess of the magma cracking-temperature (??? 700??C) - i.e., the temperature below which cracking is induced by thermal stresses during cooling and solidification. Linear composition changes of the fumarole gases over time appear to be the result of a steady decline in the magmatic volatile mixing fraction, which may be due to the tapping of progressively volatile-depleted magma. The maximum proportion of hydrothermal steam in the fumaroles rose from about 25-35% in September 1980 to around 50-70% by October 1981. Fractional degassing of magmatic CO2 and sulfur also contributed to the chemical changes in the fumarole gases. The steady chemical changes indicate that replenishment of the magma system with undegassed magma was not significant between September 1980 and September 1981. Extrapolations of chemical trends suggest that fumarole gases emitted at the time of formation of the first dome in mid-June 1980 were more enriched in a magmatic volatile fraction and contained a minimum of 9% CO2. Calculations show H2S is the predominant sulfur species in Mount St. Helens magma below depths of 200 m. Rapid release of gases from magma below this depth is a plausible mechanism for producing the high H2S/SO2 observed in Mount St. Helens plumes during explosive eruptions. This study suggests that dacite-andesite volcanos may emit gases richer in CO2 during the earlier episodes of an eruptive cycle and burden the atmosphere with much more H2S than SO2 during explosive eruptions. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Gerlach, T., and Casadevall, T.J., 1986, Fumarole emissions at Mount St. Helens volcano, June 1980 to October 1981: Degassing of a magma-hydrothermal system: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 28, no. 1-2, p. 141-160.","startPage":"141","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a140fe4b0c8380cd548b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014881,"text":"70014881 - 1986 - Alternate forms of the associated Legendre functions for use in geomagnetic modeling.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T00:12:27.3837","indexId":"70014881","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2310,"text":"Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternate forms of the associated Legendre functions for use in geomagnetic modeling.","docAbstract":"An inconvenience attending traditional use of associated Legendre functions in global modeling is that the functions are not separable with respect to the two indices (order and degree). In 1973 Merilees suggested a way to avoid the problem by showing that associated Legendre functions of order m and degree m+k can be expressed in terms of elementary functions as
Pmm+k(θ)=sinm(θ)∑ki=0amkicos(iθ)
where amki, the constants to be determined, are somewhat analogous to Fourier coefficients. Merilees noted that there are several advantages to using this form, but he also raises a question of precision for degree and order greater than 25. This note calls attention to some possible gains in time savings and accuracy in geomagnetic modeling based upon this form. For this purpose, expansions of associated Legendre polynomials in terms of sines and cosines of multiple angles are displayed up to degree and order 10. Examples are also given explaining how some surface spherical harmonics can be transformed into true Fourier series for selected polar great circle paths.
Vapor-liquid relations (P-T-x) for the system NaCl-H2O were determined experimentally at temperatures spanning the critical temperature of water (Tc), the lowest temperature in the system at which critical behavior occurs. In addition, vapor-liquid-halite P-T-x(vapor) relations were determined from 300° to 500°C. Results show that at 373.0°C, immediately below Tc, the vapor side of the isothermal vaporliquid P-x boundary has a shape quite different from that previously conceived. The NaCl content of the vapor increases with pressure in a smooth manner from the pressure of the three-phase assemblage (135 bars, 0.0029% NaCl), to a pressure just below that of the vapor pressure of pure water (0.012% NaCl at 184 bars). Above this pressure the boundary abruptly reverses and projects asymptotically to 0% NaCl in a beak-like shape at 218 bars, the vapor pressure of pure water. At 375.5°, slightly above Tc, the asymptote disappears, and is replaced by a rounded nose. At progressively higher temperatures, the nose disappears and by 380°C the familiar symmetrical bell-shaped curve predominates with the critical point defined by the top of the bell. The P-T curve of the three-phase assemblage determined in the present study is in agreement with previous workers. The NaCl content of the three-phase vapor, however, is much higher than some literature values at temperatures above 410°C.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(86)90317-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., Rosenbauer, R.J., and Pitzer, K.S., 1986, The system NaCl-H2O: relations of vapor-liquid near the critical temperature of water and of vapor-liquid-halite from 300° to 500°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, no. 7, p. 1437-1444, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90317-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1437","endPage":"1444","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb0e1e4b08c986b3250df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":371609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":371610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitzer, Kenneth S.","contributorId":94435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitzer","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015056,"text":"70015056 - 1986 - Geochemistry and aqueous chemistry of aluminum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-21T17:59:48.272301","indexId":"70015056","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2582,"text":"Kidney International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and aqueous chemistry of aluminum","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Hem, J., 1986, Geochemistry and aqueous chemistry of aluminum: Kidney International, no. Suppl 18, p. S3-S7.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"S3","endPage":"S7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"Suppl 18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16cee4b0c8380cd5527f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hem, J.D.","contributorId":54576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015726,"text":"70015726 - 1986 - Estimating monthly streamflow values by cokriging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015726","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating monthly streamflow values by cokriging","docAbstract":"Cokriging is applied to estimation of missing monthly streamflow values in three records from gaging stations in west central Virginia. Missing values are estimated from optimal consideration of the pattern of auto- and cross-correlation among standardized residual log-flow records. Investigation of the sensitivity of estimation to data configuration showed that when observations are available within two months of a missing value, estimation is improved by accounting for correlation. Concurrent and lag-one observations tend to screen the influence of other available observations. Three models of covariance structure in residual log-flow records are compared using cross-validation. Models differ in how much monthly variation they allow in covariance. Precision of estimation, reflected in mean squared error (MSE), proved to be insensitive to this choice. Cross-validation is suggested as a tool for choosing an inverse transformation when an initial nonlinear transformation is applied to flow values. ?? 1986 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00899744","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Solow, A., and Gorelick, S., 1986, Estimating monthly streamflow values by cokriging: Mathematical Geology, v. 18, no. 8, p. 785-809, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00899744.","startPage":"785","endPage":"809","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205416,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899744"},{"id":223785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b2ee4b0c8380cd525ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solow, A.R.","contributorId":9404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solow","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorelick, S.M.","contributorId":21589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014926,"text":"70014926 - 1986 - PERFORMANCE OF AN EARTHQUAKE EXCITED ROOF DIAPHRAGM.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70014926","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PERFORMANCE OF AN EARTHQUAKE EXCITED ROOF DIAPHRAGM.","docAbstract":"The objective of this paper is to study the earthquake performance of the roof diaphragm of the West Valley College gymnasium in Saratoga, California through a complete set of acceleration records obtained during the 24 April 1984 Morgan Hill Earthquake (M equals 6. 1). The roof diaphragm of the 112 ft. multiplied by 144 ft. rectangular, symmetric gymnasium consists of 3/8 in. plywood over tongue-and-groove sheathing attached to steel trusses supported by reinforced concrete columns and walls. Three sensors placed in the direction of each of the axes of the diaphragm facilitate the evaluation of in-plane deformation of the diaphragm. Other sensors placed at ground level measure vertical and horizontal motion of the building floor, and consequently allow the calculation of the relative motion of the diaphragm with respect to the ground level.","conferenceTitle":"Dynamic Response of Structures, Proceedings of the Third Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872625265","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., Brady, G., Safak, E., and Converse, A., 1986, PERFORMANCE OF AN EARTHQUAKE EXCITED ROOF DIAPHRAGM., Dynamic Response of Structures, Proceedings of the Third Conference., Los Angeles, CA, USA, p. 863-870.","startPage":"863","endPage":"870","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7347e4b0c8380cd76f47","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hart Gary C.Nelson Richard B.","contributorId":128392,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hart Gary C.Nelson Richard B.","id":536297,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, G.","contributorId":58650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Safak, E.","contributorId":104070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Converse, A.","contributorId":71322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014925,"text":"70014925 - 1986 - VISCOPLASTIC FLUID MODEL FOR DEBRIS FLOW ROUTING.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70014925","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"VISCOPLASTIC FLUID MODEL FOR DEBRIS FLOW ROUTING.","docAbstract":"This paper describes how a generalized viscoplastic fluid model, which was developed based on non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, can be successfully applied to routing a debris flow down a channel. The one-dimensional dynamic equations developed for unsteady clear-water flow can be used for debris flow routing if the flow parameters, such as the momentum (or energy) correction factor and the resistance coefficient, can be accurately evaluated. The writer's generalized viscoplastic fluid model can be used to express such flow parameters in terms of the rheological parameters for debris flow in wide channels. A preliminary analysis of the theoretical solutions reveals the importance of the flow behavior index and the so-called modified Froude number for uniformly progressive flow in snout profile modeling.","conferenceTitle":"Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872625451","usgsCitation":"Chen, C., 1986, VISCOPLASTIC FLUID MODEL FOR DEBRIS FLOW ROUTING., Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference., Long Beach, CA, USA, p. 10-18.","startPage":"10","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0ebe4b08c986b32a3b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Cheng-lung","contributorId":30752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Cheng-lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015052,"text":"70015052 - 1986 - A statistical methodology for estimating transport parameters: Theory and applications to one-dimensional advectivec-dispersive systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T08:37:51","indexId":"70015052","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A statistical methodology for estimating transport parameters: Theory and applications to one-dimensional advectivec-dispersive systems","docAbstract":"A simulation nonlinear multiple-regression methodology for estimating parameters that characterize the transport of contaminants is developed and demonstrated. Finite difference contaminant transport simulation is combined with a nonlinear weighted least squares multiple-regression procedure. The technique provides optimal parameter estimates and gives statistics for assessing the reliability of these estimates under certain general assumptions about the distributions of the random measurement errors. Monte Carlo analysis is used to estimate parameter reliability for a hypothetical homogeneous soil column for which concentration data contain large random measurement errors. The value of data collected spatially versus data collected temporally was investigated for estimation of velocity, dispersion coefficient, effective porosity, first-order decay rate, and zero-order production. The use of spatial data gave estimates that were 2–3 times more reliable than estimates based on temporal data for all parameters except velocity. Comparison of estimated linear and nonlinear confidence intervals based upon Monte Carlo analysis showed that the linear approximation is poor for dispersion coefficient and zero-order production coefficient when data are collected over time. In addition, examples demonstrate transport parameter estimation for two real one-dimensional systems. First, the longitudinal dispersivity and effective porosity of an unsaturated soil are estimated using laboratory column data. We compare the reliability of estimates based upon data from individual laboratory experiments versus estimates based upon pooled data from several experiments. Second, the simulation nonlinear regression procedure is extended to include an additional governing equation that describes delayed storage during contaminant transport. The model is applied to analyze the trends, variability, and interrelationship of parameters in a mourtain stream in northern California.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i008p01303","usgsCitation":"Wagner, B.J., and Gorelick, S.M., 1986, A statistical methodology for estimating transport parameters: Theory and applications to one-dimensional advectivec-dispersive systems: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 8, p. 1303-1315, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i008p01303.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1303","endPage":"1315","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf8ae4b0c8380cd87652","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Brian J. bjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Brian","email":"bjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":369946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorelick, Steven M.","contributorId":69295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014467,"text":"70014467 - 1986 - Structural deformation and sedimentation in an active Caldera, Rabaul, Papua New Guinea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:30","indexId":"70014467","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural deformation and sedimentation in an active Caldera, Rabaul, Papua New Guinea","docAbstract":"Recent seismic and tectonic activity in Rabaul Caldera, Papua New Guinea, suggests that magma is accumulating at a shallow depth beneath this partially submerged structure and that a new volcano may be developing. Changes in onshore elevation since 1971 (as much as 2 m on south Matupit Island) indicate that rapid and large-scale uplifts have occurred on the seafloor near the center of the caldera. The frequency of seismic events within the caldera has also increased during this period. Earthquake locations define an elliptical ring surrounding the center of this uplift within the caldera. A marine geophysical survey in 1982 by the U.S. Geological Survey's R/V \"S.P. Lee\" in Rabaul Caldera shows the development of a bulge in the seafloor near the center of the caldera. High-resolution seismic reflection profiles show that this bulge consists of two domal uplifts bounded and separated by two major north-south-trending fault zones. Deformed sediments overlie these zones; a prominent slump flanks the area of the bulge. Five major acoustic units were identified in the seismic reflection profiles: an acoustic basement and four sedimentary units consisting of irregularly layered, cross-layered, contorted, and well-layered sequences. The acoustic basement is probably composed of crystalline volcanic rocks, and the layered acoustic units are probably sediments, primarily ash deposited in different environments. The cross-layered, irregularly layered, and contorted units appear to have been deposited in a dynamic environment subjected to strong currents, seismicity, and/or mass wasting, while the well-layered units were deposited in a low-energy environment. Locally, well-layered sequences interfinger with the other sedimentary units, indicating a transitional environment that alternated between high-energy and low-energy depositional processes. A submarine channel cuts most of the acoustic units and appears to be the conduit for sediment transport out of the caldera; it occupies an older buried channel north of the caldera that is presently being exhumed. In the south, active erosion of well-layered sediments is taking place. What are believed to be several young volcanic cones also disrupt the depositional layers. We conclude that the bulge in the seafloor and the associated fault zones are a result of emplacement of magma at a shallow depth. Contorted sediment and slumps adjacent to the bulge are probably the result of uplift and seismic activity. The pattern of seismicity appears to reflect increased magma pressure at depth beneath the caldera floor. This activity may eventually lead to an eruption. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Greene, H., Tiffin, D.L., and McKee, C., 1986, Structural deformation and sedimentation in an active Caldera, Rabaul, Papua New Guinea: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 30, no. 3-4, p. 327-356.","startPage":"327","endPage":"356","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bdee4b08c986b31d137","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiffin, D. L.","contributorId":11193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, C.O.","contributorId":32689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015108,"text":"70015108 - 1986 - COMPARISON OF FOUR ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATES AND THE PONAR GRAB FOR BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE COLLECTION.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015108","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"COMPARISON OF FOUR ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATES AND THE PONAR GRAB FOR BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE COLLECTION.","docAbstract":"Four different bottom-placed artificial substrates were compared with the Ponar grab for collecting benthic invertebrates. Artificial substrate samples of organisms were larger and more diverse than those of the grab. Barbeque Basket samplers caught the most taxa and individuals and Beak Trays caught the least. Chironomids and crustaceans were dominant in artificial substrate samples. Exposure habitat (left or right bank) determined taxa availability, whereas sampler design determined suitability for colonization by the taxa. Diversity for Beak Tray samples was lower than that for other artificial substrates but higher than for Ponar samples. The Barbeque Basket, Bull Basket, and Multiple Plate samples were taxonomically similar. Ponar samples were different, and Beak Trays were of intermediate similarity. Additional study results are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Slack, K.V., Ferreira, R.F., and Averett, R.C., 1986, COMPARISON OF FOUR ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATES AND THE PONAR GRAB FOR BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE COLLECTION.: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 22, no. 2, p. 237-248.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2d9e4b0c8380cd4b41d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, Keith V.","contributorId":47781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferreira, Rodger F.","contributorId":13976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"Rodger","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Averett, Robert C.","contributorId":27500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015660,"text":"70015660 - 1986 - The initial giant umbrella cloud of the May 18th, 1980, explosive eruption of Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015660","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The initial giant umbrella cloud of the May 18th, 1980, explosive eruption of Mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"The initial eruption column of May 18th, 1980 reached nearly 30 km altitude and released 1017 joules of thermal energy into the atmosphere in only a few minutes. Ascent of the cloud resulted in forced intrusion of a giant umbrella-shaped cloud between altitudes of 10 and 20 km at radial horizontal velocities initially in excess of 50 m/s. The mushroom cloud expanded 15 km upwind, forming a stagnation point where the radial expansion velocity and wind velocity were equal. The cloud was initiated when the pyroclastic blast flow became buoyant. The flow reduced its density as it moved away from the volcano by decompression, by sedimentation, and by mixing with and heating the surrounding air. Observations indicate that much of the flow, covering an area of 600 km2, became buoyant within 1.5 minutes and abruptly ascended to form the giant cloud. Calculations are presented for the amount of air that must have been entrained into the flow to make it buoyant. Assuming an initial temperature of 450??C and a magmatic origin for the explosion, these calculations indicate that the flow became buoyant when its temperature was approximately 150??C and the flow consisted of a mixture of 3.25 ?? 1011 kg of pyroclasts and 5.0 ?? 1011 kg of air. If sedimentation is considered, these figures reduce to 1.1 ?? 1011 kg of pyroclasts and 1.0 ?? 1011 kg of air. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Sparks, R.S., Moore, J., and Rice, C., 1986, The initial giant umbrella cloud of the May 18th, 1980, explosive eruption of Mount St. Helens: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 28, no. 3-4, p. 257-274.","startPage":"257","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad45e4b08c986b323adc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparks, R. S. J.","contributorId":46686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, C.J.","contributorId":39531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}