{"pageNumber":"4909","pageRowStart":"122700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165626,"records":[{"id":66655,"text":"i1313A - 1981 - Index map of flood studies, Culpeper Basin, Virginia and Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-04T16:53:57.391614","indexId":"i1313A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1313","subseriesTitle":"NONE","chapter":"A","title":"Index map of flood studies, Culpeper Basin, Virginia and Maryland","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1313A","usgsCitation":"Morsches, S.A., and Zenone, C., 1981, Index map of flood studies, Culpeper Basin, Virginia and Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1313, 1 Plate: 31.24 x 47.84 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1313A.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 31.24 x 47.84 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":256017,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1313a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":493433,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9139.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":256018,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1313a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256019,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1313a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"125000","country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Culpeper Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.28,\n              39.489\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.28,\n              38.205\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.218,\n              38.205\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.218,\n              39.489\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.28,\n              39.489\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4cce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morsches, S. A.","contributorId":38653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morsches","given":"S.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zenone, Chester","contributorId":8094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zenone","given":"Chester","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5842,"text":"pp1202 - 1981 - Deformation of host rocks and flow of magma during growth of minette dikes and breccia-bearing intrusions near Ship Rock, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:55","indexId":"pp1202","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1202","title":"Deformation of host rocks and flow of magma during growth of minette dikes and breccia-bearing intrusions near Ship Rock, New Mexico","docAbstract":"We have studied a small group of minette dikes and plugs that crop out within a flat-lying sequence of siltstone and shale near Ship Rock, a prominent volcanic throat of tuff breccia in northwestern New Mexico. Seven dikes form a radial pattern about Ship Rock we describe in detail the northeastern dike, which has an outcrop length of about 2,900 m, an average thickness of 2.3 m, and a maximum thickness of 7.2 m. The dike is composed of 35 discrete segments arranged in echelon; orientation. of dike segments ranges systematically from N. 52? E. to N. 66? E. A prominent joint set strikes parallel to the segments and is localized within several tens of meters of the dike. Regional joint patterns display no obvious relation to dike orientation. Small offsets of segment contacts, as well as wedge-shaped bodies of crumpled host rock within segments mark the sites of coalescence of smaller segments during dike growth. Bulges in the dike contact, which represent a nondilational component of growth, indicate that wall rocks were brecciated and eroded during the flow of magma. Breccias make up about 9 percent of the 7,176-m 2 area of the dike, are concentrated in its southwest half, and are commonly associated with its thickest parts. We also describe three subcircular plugs; each plug is smaller than 30 m in diameter, is laterally associated with a dike, and contains abundant breccias. Field evidence indicates that these plugs grew from the dikes by brecciation and erosion of wallrocks and that the bulges in the contact of the northeastern dike represent an initial stage of this process. \r\n\r\nFrom continuum-mechanical models of host-rock deformation, we conclude that dike propagation was the dominant mechanism for creating conduits for magma ascent where the host rock was brittle and elastic. At a given driving pressure, dikes dilate to accept greater volumes of magma than plugs, and for a given dilation, less work is done on the host rocks. In addition, the pressure required for dike growth decreases with dike length. From numerical solutions for dilation of cracks oriented like segments of the northeastern dike, we find that we can best model the form of the dike by treating it as composed of 10 cracks rather than 35. We attribute this result to coalescence of adjacent segments below the present outcrop and to inelastic deformation at segment ends. Using a driving pressure of 2 MPa (20 bars), we estimate a shear modulus of about 10^3 MPa for the host rocks, in agreement with laboratory tests on soft shale. A propagation criterion based on stress intensity at the segment ends indicates a fracture toughness of the host rocks of about 100 MPa-m^? , a hundredfold greater than values reported from laboratory tests. Segmentation of fractures is common in many materials and has been observed during fissure eruptions at Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii. At the northeastern dike, we attribute segmentation to local rotation of the direction of least principal compressive stress. \r\n\r\nFrom continuum-mechanical models of magma and heat flow in idealized conduits, we conclude that magma flows far more rapidly and with less relative heat loss in plugs than in dikes. Although dikes are the preferred form for emplacement, plugs are the preferred form for the flow of magma. We present a numerical solution for volumetric flow rate and wall heat flux for the northeastern dike and find that although the flow rate is extremely sensitive to conduit geometry, the rate of heat loss to wall rocks is not. During emplacement of the northeastern dike, local flow rate increased where wall rocks were eroded and reached a maximum of about 45 times the mean initial rate, whereas the maximum rate of heat loss to wallrocks increased to only 1.6 times the mean initial rate. An inferred progression from continuous magma flow along a dike to flow from a plug agrees well with observations of volcanic eruptions that begin from fissures and later are localized at discrete vents. We","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1202","usgsCitation":"Delaney, P.T., and Pollard, D.D., 1981, Deformation of host rocks and flow of magma during growth of minette dikes and breccia-bearing intrusions near Ship Rock, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1202, 61 p.;  1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1202.","productDescription":"61 p.;  1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1202/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32608,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1202/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32609,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1202/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delaney, Paul T.","contributorId":15195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollard, David D.","contributorId":38549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollard","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69321,"text":"l133 - 1981 - Land use and land cover, 1978, Hot Springs, South Dakota; Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:22","indexId":"l133","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":321,"text":"Land Use and Land Cover","code":"L","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"133","title":"Land use and land cover, 1978, Hot Springs, South Dakota; Nebraska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/l133","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Land use and land cover, 1978, Hot Springs, South Dakota; Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Land Use and Land Cover 133, -, https://doi.org/10.3133/l133.","productDescription":"-","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261163,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/l/133/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,43 ], [ -104,44 ], [ -102,44 ], [ -102,43 ], [ -104,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae032","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":43175,"text":"ofr813 - 1981 - Land use and land cover and associated maps for Chattanooga, Tennessee; North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:08","indexId":"ofr813","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-3","title":"Land use and land cover and associated maps for Chattanooga, Tennessee; North Carolina","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr813","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Land use and land cover and associated maps for Chattanooga, Tennessee; North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-3, 4 maps ;45 x 74 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr813.","productDescription":"4 maps ;45 x 74 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b166b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8479,"text":"ofr811329 - 1981 - Coal exploratory holes drilled in 1980 in the Birney 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Powder River and Big Horn Counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:14","indexId":"ofr811329","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1329","title":"Coal exploratory holes drilled in 1980 in the Birney 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Powder River and Big Horn Counties, Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811329","usgsCitation":"Culbertson, W., 1981, Coal exploratory holes drilled in 1980 in the Birney 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Powder River and Big Horn Counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1329, 54 p.  ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811329.","productDescription":"54 p.  ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1329/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36045,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1329/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36046,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1329/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5dda52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culbertson, W.C.","contributorId":28979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":43100,"text":"ofr811106 - 1981 - Ground-water levels in selected well fields and in west-central Florida, May 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:03","indexId":"ofr811106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1106","title":"Ground-water levels in selected well fields and in west-central Florida, May 1981","docAbstract":"The water table in the surficial aquifer and the potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer in a 1,200-square-mile area in west-central Florida are mapped semi-annually by the U.S. Geological Survey. Maps are based on water levels measured in wells each May to coincide with seasonal low levels and each September to coincide with seasonal high levels. The mapped area shows 14 well fields that supplied 200.7 million gallons to municipalities on May 18, 1981. The water is withdrawn from the Floridan aquifer, the major aquifer in Florida. The effect of localized withdrawal on ground water is shown on the maps as depressions in both the potentiometric and water-table surfaces. Water levels were lower in May 1981 than in May and September 1980. Annual change of water levels ranged from decreases of 19 feet at Sun City well field to less than 1 foot at Eldridge-Wilde well field. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr811106","usgsCitation":"Yobbi, D.K., and Woodham, W.M., 1981, Ground-water levels in selected well fields and in west-central Florida, May 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1106, 32 maps ;on 2 sheets 103 x 75 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811106.","productDescription":"32 maps ;on 2 sheets 103 x 75 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80913,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1106/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80914,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1106/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yobbi, D. K.","contributorId":56622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodham, W. M.","contributorId":72356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodham","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":8626,"text":"ofr81692 - 1981 - Base flow and chemical quality of streams in the Northern Great Plains area, Montana and Wyoming, 1977-78","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:22","indexId":"ofr81692","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-692","title":"Base flow and chemical quality of streams in the Northern Great Plains area, Montana and Wyoming, 1977-78","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81692","usgsCitation":"Druse, S.A., Dodge, K.A., and Hotchkiss, W.R., 1981, Base flow and chemical quality of streams in the Northern Great Plains area, Montana and Wyoming, 1977-78 (WRI/OFR): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-692, iv, 64 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81692.","productDescription":"iv, 64 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0692/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36225,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0692/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36226,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0692/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"WRI/OFR","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Druse, Stanley A.","contributorId":7252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druse","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":158048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hotchkiss, W. R.","contributorId":61820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotchkiss","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":8627,"text":"ofr811293 - 1981 - Evaluation of geochemical sampling media in granitoid terrane of the southern Arabian shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:22","indexId":"ofr811293","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1293","title":"Evaluation of geochemical sampling media in granitoid terrane of the southern Arabian shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811293","usgsCitation":"Du Bray, E., 1981, Evaluation of geochemical sampling media in granitoid terrane of the southern Arabian shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1293, ii, 14 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811293.","productDescription":"ii, 14 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1293/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36227,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1293/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fadfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Du Bray, E. A.","contributorId":22333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du Bray","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9487,"text":"ofr81272 - 1981 - Composition of tidal flat sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T19:12:41.975578","indexId":"ofr81272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-272","title":"Composition of tidal flat sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this study was to characterize the modern sediments of sandy tidal flats in Willapa Bay, Washington based on their composition.</p><p>Generally, clay comprises less than five percent of the sediment. Clay content increases upslope and up-estuary. Principal clay minerals are montmorillanite, illite, and chlorite; two clay mineral suites are present: (1) muddy flat suite with clay containing 44% montmorillonite, and (2) sandy flat suite with clay composition of 88% montmorillonite.</p><p>Heavy minerals make up approximately four percent of the tidal flat sediment. Distribution of heavy minerals reflect their source with (1) heavy minerals most abundant near the beach on flats to the north where they were eroded out of terrace deposits, and (2) relatively greater heavy mineral concentrations (supplied by the Naselle River) across the entire flat to the south. The composition of the heavy mineral suite is mainly clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, hornblende, epidote, and opaque minerals. This mineral suite represents several sources including rivers, ocean and ocean beaches, and reworked local Tertiary and Quaternary deposits.</p><p>Tidal flat sediments are approximately 90% light minerals, mostly quartz. The light fraction also contains small quantities of lithic fragments, pumice, vegetation, and biogenic shell fragments. Tertiary and Quaternary terrace deposits are the major source of most of the light material.</p><p>Fossils make up less than one percent of the bottom sediment. Two foram assemblages are present: (1) a modern shallow-water assemblage characterized by Trochammina inflata, found mainly in muddy flats near rivers, and (2) a relic deep-water assemblage (Eocene to Cretaceous) characterized by such species as Bathysiphon and Cyclammina found predominantly on the sandy flats. Macrofossils consists of shells of the modern tidal flat mollusc assemblage.</p><p>Organic sediments were mostly carbon (1%). The highest concentrations of organic carbon are associated with muddy sediments near the Palix River and Pickernell Creek; overall, organic carbon concentration increased up-estuary. C/N ratios are transitional between open marine environments and marsh deposits of estuaries.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81272","usgsCitation":"Hill, G.W., and Chinn, J.L., 1981, Composition of tidal flat sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-272, iii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81272.","productDescription":"iii, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408910,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0272/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Willapa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.178466796875,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.67309570312499,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.67309570312499,\n              46.77184961467733\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.178466796875,\n              46.77184961467733\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.178466796875,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8102","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Gary W.","contributorId":56627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chinn, John L.","contributorId":97497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chinn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":159775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":67946,"text":"ha648 - 1981 - Bedrock geology, altitude of base, and 1980 saturated thickness of the high plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:13","indexId":"ha648","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"648","title":"Bedrock geology, altitude of base, and 1980 saturated thickness of the high plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha648","usgsCitation":"Weeks, J., and Gutentag, E.D., 1981, Bedrock geology, altitude of base, and 1980 saturated thickness of the high plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 648, 2 maps :col. ;on sheets 73 x 104 cm. folded to 18 x 26 in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha648.","productDescription":"2 maps :col. ;on sheets 73 x 104 cm. folded to 18 x 26 in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":89156,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/648/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89157,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/648/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"2500000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106,32 ], [ -106,43 ], [ -96,43 ], [ -96,32 ], [ -106,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633d9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, John B.","contributorId":36123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutentag, Edwin D.","contributorId":76287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutentag","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":67740,"text":"l131 - 1981 - Land use and land cover, 1976, Trona, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:06","indexId":"l131","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":321,"text":"Land Use and Land Cover","code":"L","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"131","title":"Land use and land cover, 1976, Trona, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/l131","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Land use and land cover, 1976, Trona, California: U.S. Geological Survey Land Use and Land Cover 131, -, https://doi.org/10.3133/l131.","productDescription":"-","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261047,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/l/131/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,35 ], [ -118,36 ], [ -116,36 ], [ -116,35 ], [ -118,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae0e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9187,"text":"ofr81541 - 1981 - Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes created by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9187,"text":"ofr81541 - 1981 - Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes created by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida","indexId":"ofr81541","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes created by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1696,"text":"wsp2192 - 1984 - Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes produced by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida","indexId":"wsp2192","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes produced by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1696,"text":"wsp2192 - 1984 - Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes produced by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida","indexId":"wsp2192","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes produced by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T20:48:50.348875","indexId":"ofr81541","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-541","title":"Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes created by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Turbidity plumes in Tampa Bay, Florida, were monitored during ship-channel dredging operations from February 1977 to August 1978 to document plume appearance and water quality, evaluate plume influence on the characteristics of Tampa Bay water, and provide a basis for transferring the information to other areas having generally similar sediment, dredge, disposal, containment, and tide conditions.</p><p>Sediment composition varied from 85 percent sand and shell fragments to 60 percent silt and clay. Plumes originating from the operation of one hopper dredge and three cutterhead-pipeline dredges, including one of the largest in the world, were investigated. Disposal methods included beach nourishment, stationary submerged discharge, oscillating surface discharge, and creation of emergent dikes using turbidity barrier containment. Tidal currents ranged from slack water to flow velocities of 0.60 meter per second.</p><p>Plumes were monitored simultaneously by (1) oblique and vertical 35-millimeter aerial photography and (2) water-quality sampling for determination of water clarity and concentrations of nutrients, metals, pesticides, and industrial compounds. Forty-nine photographs depict plumes ranging in length from a few tens of meters to several kilometers having turbidity levels ranging from less than 10 to 200,000 nephelometric turbidity units.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81541","programNote":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District","usgsCitation":"Goodwin, C., and Michaelis, D., 1981, Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes created by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-541, 147 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81541.","productDescription":"147 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394059,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0541/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0541/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.88223266601562,\n              27.48756291405129\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3590087890625,\n              27.48756291405129\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3590087890625,\n              28.034410011082954\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.88223266601562,\n              28.034410011082954\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.88223266601562,\n              27.48756291405129\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67adc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodwin, Carl R.","contributorId":76284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"Carl R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michaelis, D.M.","contributorId":44896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelis","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":67064,"text":"i1269 - 1981 - Map showing lava flows in the southeast part of the Tharsis Quadrangle of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:31","indexId":"i1269","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1269","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Map showing lava flows in the southeast part of the Tharsis Quadrangle of Mars","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1269","usgsCitation":"Scott, D.H., Schaber, G.G., and Tanaka, K.L., 1981, Map showing lava flows in the southeast part of the Tharsis Quadrangle of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1269, 1 map ;40 x 59 cm. on sheet 81 x 87 cm. folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1269.","productDescription":"1 map ;40 x 59 cm. on sheet 81 x 87 cm. folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438970,"rank":401,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BPX85D","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Map showing lava flows in the southeast part of the Tharsis Quadrangle of Mars"},{"id":187688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101402,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1269/plate-1.pdf","size":"5901","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"2000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db658784","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, D. H.","contributorId":73565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaber, G. G.","contributorId":68300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaber","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":43248,"text":"ofr81972 - 1981 - Geophysical log suite from drill hole No. 7, Mariano Lake-Lake Valley drilling project, McKinley County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:26","indexId":"ofr81972","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-972","title":"Geophysical log suite from drill hole No. 7, Mariano Lake-Lake Valley drilling project, McKinley County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81972","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Geophysical log suite from drill hole No. 7, Mariano Lake-Lake Valley drilling project, McKinley County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-972, 4 well logs ;no sheets 406 x 30 cm. or smaller +1 text (7 p. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81972.","productDescription":"4 well logs ;no sheets 406 x 30 cm. or smaller +1 text (7 p. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0972/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":80972,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0972/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c108","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":43124,"text":"ofr812 - 1981 - Land use and land cover and associated maps for Port Arthur, Louisiana, Texas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":43125,"text":"ofr79265 - 1979 - Land use and land cover and associated maps for Port Arthur, Texas; Louisiana","indexId":"ofr79265","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Land use and land cover and associated maps for Port Arthur, Texas; Louisiana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":43124,"text":"ofr812 - 1981 - Land use and land cover and associated maps for Port Arthur, Louisiana, Texas","indexId":"ofr812","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Land use and land cover and associated maps for Port Arthur, Louisiana, Texas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:01","indexId":"ofr812","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-2","title":"Land use and land cover and associated maps for Port Arthur, Louisiana, Texas","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr812","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Land use and land cover and associated maps for Port Arthur, Louisiana, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-2, 3 sheets ;45 x 78 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr812.","productDescription":"3 sheets ;45 x 78 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6b05bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8504,"text":"ofr81539 - 1981 - Hydrology of the coal-resource areas in the upper drainages of Huntington and Cottonwood creeks, central Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T18:16:56.208692","indexId":"ofr81539","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-539","title":"Hydrology of the coal-resource areas in the upper drainages of Huntington and Cottonwood creeks, central Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrology of coal-resource areas in the upper drainages of Huntington and Cottonwood Creeks in central Utah was studied in order to better define the hydrologic system, to identify the hydrologic effects of underground coal mining, and to devise methods to detect the effects.</p><p>Discharge records from gaging stations in this mountainous area indicated that there are large differences in the annual discharge of streams per unit area of drainage. These differences are attributed to differences in precipitation, differences in evaporation and sublimation of the snowpack, and to subsurface movement of water out of some basins. Surface waters sampled during 1977-79 were of good chemical quality; dissolved-solids concentrations rarely exceeded 500 milligrams per liter.</p><p>The Star Point Sandstone and the lower coal-bearing part of the Blackhawk Formation, both of Cretaceous age, are saturated in some areas, and the aquifer yields water to underground coal mines. Most of the larger discharging springs in the study area issue from the Star Point-Blackhawk aquifer where faulted. Ground water also occurs in several water-bearing zones above the Star Point-Blackhawk aquifer. It is not known whether the water in these overlying units is part of a continuous zone of saturation or whether unsaturated zones occur between units and some water is perched.</p><p>Dissolved-solids concentrations in water from about 140 springs ranged from 50 to 750 milligrams per liter. The chemical characteristics of water from the water-bearing zones of different formations usually were very similar.</p><p>Dewatering of underground coal mines was the largest manmade discharge from the Star Point-Blackhawk aquifer in the study area during 1979. The dewatering of mines has decreased the amount of water in storage in the aquifer, but water-level data were not available to define the extent of the depletion. Other possible impacts due to mine dewatering include the diminution of spring flows and increases in ground-water recharge, both of which are more likely to occur where rocks have been fractured due to subsidence above mines. Also, the flows of streams that receive water discharged from mines probably have increased accordingly. The discharge of mine water into streams causes some degradation in surface-water quality, but the quality of ground water is probably not adversely affected by mining.</p><p>Some environmental changes associated with underground mining are difficult to detect without data collected over a long period. With respect to the ground-water system, the year-to-year similarity of spring-discharge recession curves may provide a method to detect some of these changes. Changes in the benthic-invertebrate population may help detect pollution of surface waters.</p><p>Comprehensive studies of the ground-water system are needed in conjunction with hydrologic monitoring in order to fully assess the hydrologic impacts of the underground coal mining.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81539","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources and Energy, Division of Oil, Gas, and Mining","usgsCitation":"Danielson, T.W., ReMillard, M.D., and Fuller, R.H., 1981, Hydrology of the coal-resource areas in the upper drainages of Huntington and Cottonwood creeks, central Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-539, Report: vi, 85 p.; 2 Plates: 24.71 x 37.66 inches and 24.58 x 37.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81539.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 85 p.; 2 Plates: 24.71 x 37.66 inches and 24.58 x 37.93 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405144,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0539/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":405143,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0539/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":405142,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0539/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0539/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"central Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.39175415039062,\n              39.13645165015621\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.13014221191406,\n              39.13645165015621\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.13014221191406,\n              39.35022841846271\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.39175415039062,\n              39.35022841846271\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.39175415039062,\n              39.13645165015621\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc78b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danielson, T. W.","contributorId":48590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"T.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ReMillard, Michael D.","contributorId":95748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ReMillard","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Richard H.","contributorId":66236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":66843,"text":"i1235B - 1981 - Map showing general chemical quality of ground water in the Alton-Kolob coal-fields area, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T20:56:29.152103","indexId":"i1235B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1235","chapter":"B","title":"Map showing general chemical quality of ground water in the Alton-Kolob coal-fields area, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>This is one of a series of maps that describes the geology and related natural resources of the Alton-Kolob coal-fields area, Utah. The purpose of this map is to show regional variations in ground-water quality as depicted by its dissolved-solids concentration. The map is based on chemical analyses of water samples from springs, streams during base flow, and wells less than 1.000 feet deep. There are significant areal and vertical variations in the ground-water quality – especially in those areas where the dissolved-solids concentrations range from 100 to 1,000 and from 500 to 3,000 mg/L (milligrams per liter). Consequently, determination of the actual chemical quality of the ground-water, including concentrations of specific ions in any given locality, can be made only by special investigation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i1235B","usgsCitation":"Price, D., 1981, Map showing general chemical quality of ground water in the Alton-Kolob coal-fields area, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1235, 1 Plate: 46.30 x 40.10 inches; Cover: 9.21 x 11.79 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1235B.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 46.30 x 40.10 inches; Cover: 9.21 x 11.79 inches","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493389,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9052.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":256100,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1235b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":256099,"rank":2,"type":{"id":8,"text":"Cover"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1235b/report.pdf","text":"Folio Cover","size":"28 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256098,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1235b/plate-1-preview.pdf","text":"Map I-1235-B (Low-resolution)","size":"4.77 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256097,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1235b/plate-1.pdf","text":"Map I-1235-B (High-resolution)","size":"25.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"125000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Alton-Kolob coal-fields area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.25,37 ], [ -113.25,38 ], [ -112,38 ], [ -112,37 ], [ -113.25,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4771","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Don","contributorId":30608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":67065,"text":"i1278 - 1981 - Map showing lava flows in the southwest part of the Arcadia Quadrangle of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:31","indexId":"i1278","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1278","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Map showing lava flows in the southwest part of the Arcadia Quadrangle of Mars","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1278","usgsCitation":"Scott, D.H., Tanaka, K.L., and Schaber, G.G., 1981, Map showing lava flows in the southwest part of the Arcadia Quadrangle of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1278, 1 map :col. ;51 x 79 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1278.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;51 x 79 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438971,"rank":401,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MCWUFY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Map showing lava flows in the southwest part of the Arcadia Quadrangle of Mars"},{"id":187689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101403,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1278/plate-1.pdf","size":"8950","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"2000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db658820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, D. H.","contributorId":73565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaber, G. G.","contributorId":68300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaber","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":61805,"text":"gq1547 - 1981 - Geologic map of the Crumpler quadrangle, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:50","indexId":"gq1547","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1547","title":"Geologic map of the Crumpler quadrangle, West Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq1547","usgsCitation":"Stricker, G.D., 1981, Geologic map of the Crumpler quadrangle, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1547, 1 map :col. ;58 x 46 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1547.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;58 x 46 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":102642,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_1092.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"1092"},{"id":248096,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1547/report.pdf","size":"21","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1547/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.36749999999999,37.3675 ], [ -81.36749999999999,37.5 ], [ -81.25,37.5 ], [ -81.25,37.3675 ], [ -81.36749999999999,37.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b09e4b07f02db69bdd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stricker, Gary D. gstricker@usgs.gov","contributorId":87163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Gary","email":"gstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":266387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8671,"text":"ofr81571 - 1981 - Changed magma budget since 1975 at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:11","indexId":"ofr81571","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-571","title":"Changed magma budget since 1975 at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81571","usgsCitation":"Dzurisin, D., and Koyanagi, R.Y., 1981, Changed magma budget since 1975 at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-571, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81571.","productDescription":"46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0571/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36266,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0571/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":158126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koyanagi, Robert Y.","contributorId":52561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":43473,"text":"ofr81368 - 1981 - Geology map of the Jacks Spring quadrangle, Mineral County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-23T19:14:35.982747","indexId":"ofr81368","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-368","title":"Geology map of the Jacks Spring quadrangle, Mineral County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81368","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.H., 1981, Geology map of the Jacks Spring quadrangle, Mineral County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-368, 1 Plate: 32.36 × 29.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81368.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 32.36 × 29.44 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81129,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0368/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":108146,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12022.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Mineral County","otherGeospatial":"Jacks Spring quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.375,\n              38.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.50,\n              38.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.50,\n              38.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.375,\n              38.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.375,\n              38.0\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69793a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, John Harris","contributorId":63790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Harris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":60750,"text":"mf1331 - 1981 - Geologic map of the Monroe SE Quadrangle, Sevier and Piute counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:26","indexId":"mf1331","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1331","title":"Geologic map of the Monroe SE Quadrangle, Sevier and Piute counties, Utah","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf1331","usgsCitation":"Rowley, P.D., Cunningham, C.G., and Kaplan, A., 1981, Geologic map of the Monroe SE Quadrangle, Sevier and Piute counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1331, 1 map ;58 x 46 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1331.","productDescription":"1 map ;58 x 46 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":105751,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6967.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6967"},{"id":182451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.11749999999999,38.5 ], [ -112.11749999999999,38.6175 ], [ -112,38.6175 ], [ -112,38.5 ], [ -112.11749999999999,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6968b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowley, P. D.","contributorId":87551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, C. G.","contributorId":76741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"C.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaplan, A.M.","contributorId":69234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":9584,"text":"ofr81585 - 1981 - Clay mineralogy of Devonian shales in the Appalachian Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T20:37:27.0429","indexId":"ofr81585","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-585","title":"Clay mineralogy of Devonian shales in the Appalachian Basin","docAbstract":"<p>A study of the clay mineralogy of the Devonian black shales of the Appalachian basin was undertaken to help predict areas for potential gas resources. More than 2,100 samples from 84 drill holes representing 11 shale units were analyzed for clay mineralogy or whole—rock mineralogy or both. Approximately 1,300 samples were from drill cores and about 800 samples were from drill cuttings. Illite (2M) recrystallized during diagenesis is more or less uniformly present throughout all shale units. Chlorite formed during low grade metamorphism is least abundant in the younger units and more abundant in the older units. Illite—smectite mixed—layer clay, which supplied the material for the formation of chlorite, is most abundant in the younger units and least abundant in the older units. Illite—chlorite mixed—layer clay occurs as a trace in all shale units. Kaolinite, the only unaltered detrital clay mineral, occurs in about 25 to 30 percent of the samples. The source of the kaolinite appears to have been to the east and northeast of the basin of deposition. The color of the shale units is primarily due to the organic content; however, those shales that contain calcite are darker than those that do not for equal amounts of organic carbon. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81585","usgsCitation":"Hosterman, J.W., and Whitlow, S.I., 1981, Clay mineralogy of Devonian shales in the Appalachian Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-585, Report: iii, 170 p.; 1 Plate: 26.20 x 27.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81585.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 170 p.; 1 Plate: 26.20 x 27.92 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395483,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0585/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395482,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0585/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0585/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hosterman, John W.","contributorId":48962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosterman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitlow, Sallie I.","contributorId":8854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlow","given":"Sallie","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":8483,"text":"ofr81639 - 1981 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Deschutes River basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T18:19:42.790664","indexId":"ofr81639","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-639","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Deschutes River basin, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of the study was to determine the magnitude and frequency of low flows of streams in the Deschutes River basin.</p><p>The streams in the basin usually have their low flows in August and September. Seven-day low flows were smallest in 1952 when annual rainfall at the Olympia airport was also the least during the 1945-75 period of continuous gaging-station records in the basin.</p><p>The magnitude and frequency of seven-day low flows were estimated for 23 streamflow sites, either from frequency analysis of data at long-term stations or from correlation of measured or computed discharges at a stream flow site with data at a long-term station.</p><p>Seven-day low flows ranged from no-flow at one tributary of Deschutes River having a drainage area of 1.85 square miles to 98 cubic feet per second for Deschutes River near its mouth, where the drainage was 162 square miles.</p><p>Mean monthly flows were determined for two long-term stations and estimated for the months of July to September for the other streamflow sites.</p><p>Miscellaneous streamflow measurements made over the years by the U.S. Geological Survey are listed in the Appendix.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81639","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Washington Department of Fisheries","usgsCitation":"Cummans, J., 1981, Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Deschutes River basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-639, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81639.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405145,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0639/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0639/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Deschutes River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.9150390625,\n              46.63057868059483\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.904296875,\n              46.63057868059483\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.904296875,\n              47.11499982620772\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9150390625,\n              47.11499982620772\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9150390625,\n              46.63057868059483\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cummans, J. E.","contributorId":24767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummans","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":43472,"text":"ofr81369 - 1981 - Geology map of the Basalt quadrangle, Mineral County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-23T19:05:34.556022","indexId":"ofr81369","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-369","title":"Geology map of the Basalt quadrangle, Mineral County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81369","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.H., 1981, Geology map of the Basalt quadrangle, Mineral County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-369, 1 Plate: 32.47 × 32.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81369.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 32.47 × 32.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108147,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12023.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12023"},{"id":81128,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0369/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Mineral County","otherGeospatial":"Basalt quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.25,\n              38.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.375,\n              38.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.375,\n              38.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.25,\n              38.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.25,\n              38.125\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ee4b07f02db69fff8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, John Harris","contributorId":63790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Harris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}