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A regional aquifer system is defined as “an areally extensive set of aquifers which are linked in some way, such as hydraulically or economically” (Harrill and others, 1983, p. 2). The purpose of the Great Basin RASA is to evaluate aquifer system in the Great Basin by developing a better understanding of recharge and discharge processes, delineating individual ground-water flow systems, and developing mathematical models of representative flow systems. Harrill and others (1983) provide a more complete background of both the national RASA program and the Great Basin RASA.</p><p>The purpose of this atlas is to delineate and describe the major hydrogeologic units in the Great Basin region and to identify those units that (1) constitute regional aquifers or (2) act as barriers to the movement of ground water. The scope of this atlas, however, is limited to a brief geologic overview of the Great Basin: lithology and areal extent of units, major structural features, and influence of tectonic events. In addition, the water-bearing characteristics of each unit are briefly summarized.</p><p>This atlas is Chapter A of the three-part Hydrologic Atlas series. Chapter B shows ground-water levels in the Great Basin region, and Chapter C shows inferred directions of ground-water flow and individual flow systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ha694A","usgsCitation":"Plume, R.W., and Carlton, S.M., 1988, Hydrogeology of the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 694, 1 Sheet: 33.00 x 43.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha694A.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 33.00 x 43.57 inches","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335841,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ha694C","text":"HA-694-C","linkHelpText":"Major ground-water flow systems in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states"},{"id":335842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ha694B","text":"HA-694-B","linkHelpText":"Ground-water levels in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states"},{"id":89349,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/694a/plate-1.pdf","text":"Hydrologic Atlas HA-694-A","size":"16.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              42.24478535602799\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              38.77121637244273\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.86206054687499,\n              34.867904962568716\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.983154296875,\n              37.01132594307015\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.24755859375,\n              40.136890695345905\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.060791015625,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              42.24478535602799\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6150f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plume, Russell W. rwplume@usgs.gov","contributorId":2303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plume","given":"Russell","email":"rwplume@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":277625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlton, Stephen M.","contributorId":56309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlton","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":68304,"text":"ha695 - 1988 - Geohydrologic framework of the Gulf Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:30","indexId":"ha695","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"695","title":"Geohydrologic framework of the Gulf Coastal Plain","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha695","usgsCitation":"Hosman, R., 1988, Geohydrologic framework of the Gulf Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 695, 3 maps on 2 sheets :col. ;56 x 52 cm. and 23 x 23 cm., sheets 108 x 84 cm. and 102 x 71 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha695.","productDescription":"3 maps on 2 sheets :col. ;56 x 52 cm. and 23 x 23 cm., sheets 108 x 84 cm. and 102 x 71 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":89743,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/695/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89744,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/695/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"2500000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,26 ], [ -100,38 ], [ -88,38 ], [ -88,26 ], [ -100,26 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8ec0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hosman, R. L.","contributorId":42978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosman","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1309,"text":"wsp2196D - 1988 - Hydrology and ecology of the Apalachicola River, Florida : a summary of the river quality assessment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13496,"text":"ofr85626 - 1986 - Hydrology and ecology of the Apalachicola River, Florida; a summary of the river quality assessment","indexId":"ofr85626","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and ecology of the Apalachicola River, Florida; a summary of the river quality assessment"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1309,"text":"wsp2196D - 1988 - Hydrology and ecology of the Apalachicola River, Florida : a summary of the river quality assessment","indexId":"wsp2196D","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Hydrology and ecology of the Apalachicola River, Florida : a summary of the river quality assessment"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp2196D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2196","chapter":"D","title":"Hydrology and ecology of the Apalachicola River, Florida : a summary of the river quality assessment","docAbstract":"During 1979-81, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a large-scale study of the Apalachicola River in northwest Florida, the largest and one of the most economically important rivers in the State. Termed the Apalachicola River Quality Assessment, the study emphasized interrelations among hydrodynamics, the flood-plain forest, and the nutrient-detritus flow through the river system to the estuary. This report summarizes major findings of the study. Data on accumulation of toxic substances in sediments and benthic organisms in the river were also collected. \r\n\r\nBecause of the multiple uses of the Apalachicola River system, there are many difficult management decisions. The river is a waterway for shipping; hence there is an economic incentive for modification to facilitate movement of barge traffic. Such modifications include the proposed construction of dams, levees, bend easings, and training dikes; ditching and draining in the flood plain; and dredging and snagging in the river channel. The river is also recognized as an important supplier of detritus, nutrients, and freshwater to the Apalachicola Bay, which maintains an economically important shellfish industry. The importance of this input to the bay creates an incentive to keep the river basin in a natural state. Other values, such as timber harvesting, recreation, sport hunting, nature appreciation, and wildlife habitat, add even more to the difficulty of selecting management strategies.\r\n\r\nWater and nutrient budgets based on data collected during the river assessment study indicate the relative importance of various inputs and outflows in the system. Waterflow is controlled primarily by rainfall in upstream watersheds and is not greatly affected by local precipitation, ground-water exchanges, or evapotranspiration in the basin. On an annual basis, the total nutrient inflow to the system is nearly equal in quantity to total outflow, but there is a difference between inflow and outflow in the chemical and physical forms in which the nutrients are carried. The flood plain tends to be a net importer of soluble inorganic nutrients and a net exporter of particulate organic material. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of long-term records shows that dam construction in the upstream watersheds and at the Apalachicola headwaters has had little effect on the total annual waterflow but has probably suppressed low-flow extremes. Other effects include riverbed degradation and channelization which have to do with alteration of the habitat for aquatic biota and changes in flood-plain vegetation. \r\n\r\nWhatever management decisions are made should take into account the impact on the natural flooding cycle. Flooding is crucial to the present flood-plain plant community and to the production, decomposition, and transport of organic material from that community. Permanent, substantial changes in the natural flooding cycle would be likely to induce concomitant changes in the flood-plain environment and in the nutrient and detritus yield to the estuary.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2196D","usgsCitation":"Elder, J.F., Flagg, S.D., and Mattraw, H.C., 1988, Hydrology and ecology of the Apalachicola River, Florida : a summary of the river quality assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2196, v, 46 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2196D.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2196d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26342,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2196d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e8dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, John F.","contributorId":23919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":143539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flagg, Sherron D.","contributorId":59422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flagg","given":"Sherron","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattraw, Harold C. Jr.","contributorId":72360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattraw","given":"Harold","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26702,"text":"wri884054 - 1988 - Potential hydrologic effects of a drainage system in McMillan delta and water impoundment in Brantley Reservoir, Eddy County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri884054","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4054","title":"Potential hydrologic effects of a drainage system in McMillan delta and water impoundment in Brantley Reservoir, Eddy County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Construction of a proposed drainage system could result in a moderate flow increase in the Pecos River downstream from the McMillan delta. The potential effect of a new line channel of the Pecos River in McMillan delta in southeastern New Mexico would be an increase of less than 11,000 acre-ft/year. This increase includes overflow of 300 acre-ft from the present Pecos River channel, seepage losses of 3,600 acre-ft from the river bed and tributary inflow of 7,100 acre-ft. The potential effects of drains at the north end of the study area would be additional water of about 6,100 acre-ft within the first few years. In order to drain this much water, the drains would have to be dredged to a lower depth 6 to 8 mi to the south. Impoundment in Brantley Reservoir will cause increases in groundwater storage. The quantity of increased storage will depend on average reservoir pool levels. Major Johnson Springs probably will cease to flow at the conservation-pool level, and southward groundwater leakage from the Major Johnson Springs aquifer could increase. Large quantities of water may move in and out of storage in the Major Johnson Springs aquifer as the Brantley Reservoir pool changes between minimum pool and conservation pool levels. A ground--and surface-water monitoring network is needed to determine changes in groundwater storage caused by Brantley Reservoir. Water levels in selected wells need to be measured periodically during operation of the reservoir. Additional streamflow-gaging stations need to be established and surface-water samples analyzed to determine changes caused by a drainage system and Brantley Reservoir. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884054","usgsCitation":"Crouch, T.M., and Welder, G.E., 1988, Potential hydrologic effects of a drainage system in McMillan delta and water impoundment in Brantley Reservoir, Eddy County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4054, v, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884054.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55573,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae083","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crouch, T. M.","contributorId":106163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crouch","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welder, G. E.","contributorId":100814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welder","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4705,"text":"twri06A1 - 1988 - A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20038,"text":"ofr83875 - 1984 - A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"ofr83875","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4705,"text":"twri06A1 - 1988 - A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"twri06A1","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri06A1","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"06-A1","title":"A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","docAbstract":"This report presents a finite-difference model and its associated modular computer program. The model simulates flow in three dimensions. The report includes detailed explanations of physical and mathematical concepts on which the model is based and an explanation of how those concepts are incorporated in the modular structure of the computer program. The modular structure consists of a Main Program and a series of highly independent subroutines called 'modules.' The modules are grouped into 'packages.' Each package deals with a specific feature of the hydrologic system which is to be simulated, such as flow from rivers or flow into drains, or with a specific method of solving linear equations which describe the flow system, such as the Strongly Implicit Procedure or Slice-Successive Overrelaxation. \r\n\r\nThe division of the program into modules permits the user to examine specific hydrologic features of the model independently. This also facilita development of additional capabilities because new packages can be added to the program without modifying the existing packages. The input and output systems of the computer program are also designed to permit maximum flexibility. \r\n\r\nGround-water flow within the aquifer is simulated using a block-centered finite-difference approach. Layers can be simulated as confined, unconfined, or a combination of confined and unconfined. Flow associated with external stresses, such as wells, areal recharge, evapotranspiration, drains, and streams, can also be simulated. The finite-difference equations can be solved using either the Strongly Implicit Procedure or Slice-Successive Overrelaxation. \r\n\r\nThe program is written in FORTRAN 77 and will run without modification on most computers that have a FORTRAN 77 compiler. For each program ,module, this report includes a narrative description, a flow chart, a list of variables, and a module listing.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/twri06A1","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"McDonald, M.G., and Harbaugh, A.W., 1988, A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 06-A1, 586 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri06A1.","productDescription":"586 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri6a1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae07b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Michael G.","contributorId":47352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":149651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26652,"text":"wri874166 - 1988 - Hydrology of the Citrus Park Quadrangle, Hillsborough County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri874166","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4166","title":"Hydrology of the Citrus Park Quadrangle, Hillsborough County, Florida","docAbstract":"Rapid increases in population and development in the Citrus Park quadrangle northwest of Tampa have increased the demand for water from the surficial and Upper Floridan aquifers, while at the same time decreasing the amount of wetlands and agricultural or forested lands that formerly provided recharge to these aquifers. Because the study area is underlain by soluble deposits, sinkholes and small closed depressions are common surface features. Some of the lakes in the area are remnants of ancient sinkholes. Four streams drain the area. Two of the streams have been channelized to reduce the risk of local flooding. Pumping from three municipal well fields within the study area and from three nearby well fields has lowered the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer. The pumping also lowers the water table levels by inducing recharge from the surficial aquifer to the Upper Floridan aquifer. Heavy pumpage may prompt sinkhole activity, or in areas near the coast , induce saltwater intrusion. Water quality of streams and groundwater is generally good except in the vicinity of landfills and where saltwater encroachment into the principal water bearing unit has occurred along the coast. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874166","usgsCitation":"Corral, M., and Thompson, T.H., 1988, Hydrology of the Citrus Park Quadrangle, Hillsborough County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4166, 13 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874166.","productDescription":"13 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4166/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55530,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4166/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a9296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corral, M.A. Jr.","contributorId":34486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corral","given":"M.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, T. H.","contributorId":23927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4687,"text":"twri02D2 - 1988 - Application of seismic-refraction techniques to hydrologic studies","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13950,"text":"ofr84746 - 1986 - Application of seismic-refraction techniques to hydrologic studies","indexId":"ofr84746","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Application of seismic-refraction techniques to hydrologic studies"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4687,"text":"twri02D2 - 1988 - Application of seismic-refraction techniques to hydrologic studies","indexId":"twri02D2","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Application of seismic-refraction techniques to hydrologic studies"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T07:46:19","indexId":"twri02D2","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"02-D2","title":"Application of seismic-refraction techniques to hydrologic studies","docAbstract":"During the past 30 years, seismic-refraction methods have been used extensively in petroleum, mineral, and engineering investigations and to some extent for hydrologic applications.  Recent advances in equipment, sound sources, and computer interpretation techniques make seismic refraction a highly effective and economical means of obtaining subsurface data in hydrologic studies.  Aquifers that can be defined by one or more high-seismic-velocity surface, such as (1) alluvial or glacial deposits in consolidated rock valleys, (2) limestone or sandstone underlain by metamorphic or igneous rock, or (3) saturated unconsolidated deposits overlain by unsaturated unconsolidated deposits, are ideally suited for seismic-refraction methods.  These methods allow economical collection of subsurface data, provide the basis for more efficient collection of data by test drilling or aquifer tests, and result in improved hydrologic studies.  This manual briefly reviews the basics of seismic-refraction theory and principles.  It emphasizes the use of these techniques in hydrologic investigations and describes the planning, equipment, field procedures, and interpretation techniques needed for this type of study.  Further-more, examples of the use of seismic-refraction techniques in a wide variety of hydrologic studies are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/twri02D2","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Haeni, F., 1988, Application of seismic-refraction techniques to hydrologic studies: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 02-D2, x, 86 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/twri02D2.","productDescription":"x, 86 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":247,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri2d2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a89a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2394,"text":"wsp2333 - 1988 - Tritium migration from a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Chicago, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"wsp2333","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2333","title":"Tritium migration from a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Chicago, Illinois","docAbstract":"This paper describes the results of a study to determine the geologic and hydrologic factors that control migration of tritium from a closed, low-level radioactive-waste disposal site. The disposal site, which operated from 1943 to mid1949, contains waste generated by research activities at the world's first nuclear reactors. Tritium has migrated horizontally at least 1,300 feet northward in glacial drift and more than 650 feet in the underlying dolomite. Thin, gently sloping sand layers in an otherwise clayey glacial drift are major conduits for ground-water flow and tritium migration in a perched zone beneath the disposal site. Tritium concentrations in the drift beneath the disposal site exceed 100,000 nanocuries per liter. Regional horizontal joints in the dolomite are enlarged by solution and are the major conduits for ground-water flow and tritium migration in the dolomite. A weathered zone at the top of the dolomite also is a pathway for tritium migration. The maximum measured tritium concentration in the dolomite is 29.4 nanocuries per liter. Fluctuations of tritium concentration in the dolomite are the result of dilution by seasonal recharge from the drift.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2333","usgsCitation":"Nicholas, J., and Healy, R.W., 1988, Tritium migration from a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Chicago, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2333, iv, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2333.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2333/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28371,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2333/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db624515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholas, J.R.","contributorId":26673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholas","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25427,"text":"wri884046 - 1988 - Cumulative potential hydrologic impacts of surface coal mining in the eastern Powder River structural basin, northeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"wri884046","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4046","title":"Cumulative potential hydrologic impacts of surface coal mining in the eastern Powder River structural basin, northeastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"There are 16 existing and six proposed surface coal mines in the eastern Powder River structural basin of northeastern Wyoming. Coal mining companies predict water level declines of 5 ft or more in the Wasatch aquifer to extend form about 1,000 to about 2,000 ft beyond the mine pits. The predicted 5 ft water level decline in the Wyodak coal aquifer generally extends 4-8 mi beyond the lease areas. About 3,000 wells are in the area of potential cumulative water level declines resulting from all anticipated mining. Of these 3,000 wells, about 1,200 are outside the areas of anticipated mining: about 1,000 wells supply water for domestic or livestock uses, and about 200 wells supply water for municipal, industrial, irrigation, and miscellaneous uses. The 1,800 remaining wells are used by coal mining companies. Future surface coal mining probably will result in postmining groundwater of similar quality to that currently present in the study area. By use of geochemical modeling techniques, the results of a hypothetical reaction path exercise indicate the potential for marked improvements in postmining water quality because of chemical reactions as postmining groundwater with a large dissolved solids concentration (3,540 mg/L) moves into a coal aquifer with relatively small dissolved solids concentrations (910 mg/L). Results of the modeling exercise also indicate geochemical conditions that are most ideal for large decreases in dissolved solids concentrations in coal aquifers receiving recharge from a spoil aquifer. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884046","usgsCitation":"Martin, L., Naftz, D.L., Lowham, H., and Rankl, J., 1988, Cumulative potential hydrologic impacts of surface coal mining in the eastern Powder River structural basin, northeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4046, x, 201 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884046.","productDescription":"x, 201 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54145,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54146,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54147,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54148,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54149,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54150,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, L.J.","contributorId":73637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowham, H. W.","contributorId":8111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowham","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rankl, J.G.","contributorId":107733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankl","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":3977,"text":"cir1013 - 1988 - Metal biogeochemistry in surface-water systems; a review of principles and concepts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"cir1013","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1013","title":"Metal biogeochemistry in surface-water systems; a review of principles and concepts","docAbstract":"Metals are ubiquitous in natural surface-water systems, both as dissolved constituents and as particulate constituents. Although concentrations of many metals are generally very low (hence the common term 'trace metals'), their effects on the water quality and the biota of surfacewater systems are likely to be substantial. Biogeochemical partitioning of metals results in a diversity of forms, including hydrated or 'free' ions, colloids, precipitates, adsorbed phases, and various coordination complexes with dissolved organic and inorganic ligands. \r\n\r\nMuch research has been dedicated to answering questions about the complexities of metal behavior and effects in aquatic systems. Voluminous literature on the subject has been produced. This paper synthesizes the findings of aquatic metal studies and describes some general concepts that emerge from such a synthesis. Emphasis is on sources, occurrence, partitioning, transport, and biological interactions of metals in freshwater systems of North America. Biological interactions, in this case, refer to bioavailability, effects of metals on ecological characteristics and functions of aquatic systems, and roles of biota in controlling metal partitioning. \r\n\r\nThis discussion is devoted primarily to the elements aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, and zinc and secondarily to cobalt, molybdenum, selenium, silver, and vanadium. Sources of these elements are both natural and anthropogenic. Significant anthropogenic sources are atmospheric deposition, discharges of municipal and industrial wastes, mine drainage, and urban and agricultural runoff. \r\n\r\nBiogeochemical partitioning of metals is controlled by various characteristics of the water and sediments in which the metals are found. Among the most important controlling factors are pH, oxidation-reduction potential, hydrologic features, sediment grain size, and the existence and nature of clay minerals, organic matter, and hydrous oxides of manganese and iron. Partitioning is also controlled by biological processes that provide mechanisms for detoxification of metals and for enhanced uptake of nutritive metals. Partitioning is important largely because availability to biota is highly variable among different phases. Hence, accumulation in biological tissues and toxicity of an element are dependent not only on total concentration of the element but also on the factors that control partitioning.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/cir1013","usgsCitation":"Elder, J.F., 1988, Metal biogeochemistry in surface-water systems; a review of principles and concepts: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1013, v, 43 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1013.","productDescription":"v, 43 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/1013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31062,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/1013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62563a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, John F.","contributorId":23919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":147938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26000,"text":"wri864347 - 1988 - The predevelopment ground-water flow system and hydrologic characteristics of the coastal plain aquifers of South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:47:28","indexId":"wri864347","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4347","title":"The predevelopment ground-water flow system and hydrologic characteristics of the coastal plain aquifers of South Carolina","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864347","usgsCitation":"Aucott, W.R., 1988, The predevelopment ground-water flow system and hydrologic characteristics of the coastal plain aquifers of South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4347, iv, 66 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864347.","productDescription":"iv, 66 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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R.","contributorId":64288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aucott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26020,"text":"wri884068 - 1988 - Well construction, lithology, and geophysical logs for boreholes in Bear Creek Valley near Oak Ridge, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T22:45:23.481276","indexId":"wri884068","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4068","title":"Well construction, lithology, and geophysical logs for boreholes in Bear Creek Valley near Oak Ridge, Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>Twenty-four wells were constructed at nine sites at Bear Creek Valley to provide geologic and hydrologic information. Lithologic samples and suits of geophysical logs were obtained from the deepest boreholes at six of the sites. Two of these boreholes at the base of Chestnut Ridge were completed in the Maynardville Limestone and two were completed in the Nolichucky Shale. Two boreholes along Pine Ridge were completed in the Rome Formation. Zones of similar lithology within a borehole were delineated from rock cutting refined by examination of geophysical logs. The contact between the Maynardville Limestone and Nolichucky Shale was identified in two of the boreholes. Fractures and cavities were readily identifiable on the acoustic-televiewer and caliper logs. Distinct water-bearing intervals were also identified from the temperature, fluid resistance, and resistivity logs. Depths at which the drilling encounterd a thrust were identified in two boreholes in the Rome Formation from both rock cutting and geophysical logs.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884068","usgsCitation":"Bailey, Z., and Hanchar, D., 1988, Well construction, lithology, and geophysical logs for boreholes in Bear Creek Valley near Oak Ridge, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4068, Report: iv, 21 p.; 7 Plates: 28.61 x 12.27 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884068.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 21 p.; 7 Plates: 28.61 x 12.27 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411208,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46990.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54799,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54798,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54797,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54796,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54795,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54794,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54793,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4068/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Oak Ridge","otherGeospatial":"Bear Creek Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.2075,\n              36.0111\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3983,\n              36.0111\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3983,\n              35.8958\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2075,\n              35.8958\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2075,\n              36.0111\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Z. C.","contributorId":54587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanchar, D. W.","contributorId":87986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanchar","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26311,"text":"wri884024 - 1988 - Hydrology of the Floral City Pool of Tsala Apopka Lake, west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"wri884024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4024","title":"Hydrology of the Floral City Pool of Tsala Apopka Lake, west-central Florida","docAbstract":"Tsala Apopka Lake, in west-central Florida, has an area of about 19,000 acres and is divided into three water-management pools, with the Floral City Pool, the most upgradient. The Floral City Pool, which has a surface area of approximately 4,750 acres, contains an extensive combination of lakes, wetlands, and connecting canals. The Pool receives inflow from the Withlacoochee River through two canals. Outflow is through one manmade canal and one natural slough. Canal flow is partially controlled by manmade structures. A cumulative deficit of 19.4 inches of rainfall from August 1984 through May 1985 reduced surface-water inflow to the Floral City Pool to about 0.5 cu ft/sec by May 1985. During May 1985, pool levels declined approximately 0.04 ft/day. By the end of May, there was no observable outflow. From June 1985 through September 1985, 39.8 inches of rainfall caused above-average inflow to the Floral City Pool and a pool-level increase of 6.2 ft. The inflow of 340 CFS nearly equaled the outflow of 338 CFS by the end of September. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884024","usgsCitation":"Bradner, L.A., 1988, Hydrology of the Floral City Pool of Tsala Apopka Lake, west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4024, v, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884024.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4024/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55108,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4024/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55109,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6019d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradner, L. A.","contributorId":21925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradner","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26316,"text":"wri874000 - 1988 - Hydrogeology and preliminary assessment of regional flow in the upper Cretaceous and adjacent aquifers in the northern Mississippi embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri874000","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4000","title":"Hydrogeology and preliminary assessment of regional flow in the upper Cretaceous and adjacent aquifers in the northern Mississippi embayment","docAbstract":"On a regional scale, the groundwater system of the northern Mississippi embayment is composed of a series of nonindurated clastic sediments that overlie a thick sequence of Paleozoic carbonate, sandstones, and shales. The units that comprise the geohydrologic framework of this study are the alluvium-lower Wilcox Aquifer the Midway confining unit, the Upper Cretaceous aquifer, the Cretaceous-Paleozoic confining unit, and the Ozark-St. Francois aquifer. The Upper Cretaceous aquifer of Late Cretaceous age is the primary focus of this investigation; the study is part of the Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer-System Analysis. A four layer finite-difference groundwater flow model enabled testing of alternative boundary concepts and provide a refined definition of the hydrologic budget of the deep aquifers. The alluvium-lower Wilcox aquifer, the Upper Cretaceous aquifer, and the Ozark-St. Francois aquifer form layers 2 through 4, respectively. Layer 1 is an inactive layer of constant heads representing shallow water levels, which are a major control on recharge to and discharge from the regional system. A matrix of leakance values simulates each confining unit, allowing vertical interchange of water between different aquifers. The model was calibrated to 1980 conditions by using the assumption that 1980 was near steady-state conditions; it was calibrated to simulate observed heads were found to be most sensitive to pumping, and least sensitive to the leakance. By using all available water quality and water level data, alternative boundary conditions were tested by comparing model simulated heads to observed heads. The results of the early modeling effort also contribute to a better understanding of the regional hydrologic budget, indicating that: upward leakage from the Ozark-St. Francois aquifer to the Upper Cretaceous aquifer is about 43 cu ft/sec; upward recharge of about 68 cu ft/sec occurs to the lower Wilcox-alluvium aquifer from the Upper Cretaceous aquifer; and the Midway is an effective regional confining unit. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874000","usgsCitation":"Brahana, J., and Mesko, T.O., 1988, Hydrogeology and preliminary assessment of regional flow in the upper Cretaceous and adjacent aquifers in the northern Mississippi embayment: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4000, vi, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874000.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2009,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri87-4000","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_87_4000.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625601","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brahana, J. V.","contributorId":32926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brahana","given":"J. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mesko, T. O.","contributorId":83934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesko","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12693,"text":"ofr88719 - 1988 - Hydrologic data collection activities in the Solomon Gulch basin near Valdez, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:39","indexId":"ofr88719","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-719","title":"Hydrologic data collection activities in the Solomon Gulch basin near Valdez, Alaska","docAbstract":"In 1981, the Alaska Power Authority completed construction of a dam spillway at the north end of Solomon Lake near Valdez. Regulation and diversion from the dam since 1982 have significantly altered the natural flow characteristics of Solomon Gulch. In September 1986, the Geological Survey began data collection to determine mean daily discharge at four sites below Solomon Lake and thus document the effects of regulation and diversion of water on the flow at various points in the system. Periodic discharge measurements and continuous records of water stage were obtained at two of the sites, and daily discharge values were computed for all four sites. The report contains descriptions of the data collection sites and the discharge records for each site for September 1986 and water year 1987. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88719","usgsCitation":"Bigelow, B.B., 1988, Hydrologic data collection activities in the Solomon Gulch basin near Valdez, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-719, iv, 15 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88719.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0719/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41105,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0719/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f808","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bigelow, B. B.","contributorId":76317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bigelow","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11979,"text":"ofr87682 - 1988 - Climatic data for Mirror Lake, West Thornton, New Hampshire: 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T15:55:45.000535","indexId":"ofr87682","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-682","title":"Climatic data for Mirror Lake, West Thornton, New Hampshire: 1985","docAbstract":"Research on the hydrology of Mirror Lake, West Thornton, New Hampshire, includes a study of evaporation. Those climatic data needed for energy-budget and mass-transfer evaporation studies are presented, including: water surface temperature, dry-bulb and wet-bulb air temperatures, vapor pressure at and above the water surface, wind speed, and short- and long-wave radiation. Data are collected at raft and land stations. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr87682","usgsCitation":"Sturrock, A.M., Buso, D., Scarborough, J., and Winter, T.C., 1988, Climatic data for Mirror Lake, West Thornton, New Hampshire: 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-682, iii, 64 leaves , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87682.","productDescription":"iii, 64 leaves ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374663,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0682/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0682/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","city":"West Thorton","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.69540405273438,\n              43.94141717295212\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.68913841247559,\n              43.94141717295212\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.68913841247559,\n              43.94648475051101\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.69540405273438,\n              43.94648475051101\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.69540405273438,\n              43.94141717295212\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545eef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sturrock, Alex M.","contributorId":48948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturrock","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buso, D.C.","contributorId":31392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scarborough, J.L.","contributorId":94673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scarborough","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29495,"text":"wri884020 - 1988 - Hydrology of the chain of lakes tributary to Devils Lake and water-level simulations of Devils Lake, northeastern North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:22:37","indexId":"wri884020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4020","title":"Hydrology of the chain of lakes tributary to Devils Lake and water-level simulations of Devils Lake, northeastern North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>High water levels of the chain of lakes tributary to Devils Lake, North Dakota have, in recent years, caused flooding of cropland and county roads, thus disrupting agricultural interests. High water levels of Devils Lake pose a flood threat to the city of Devils Lake, Camp Grafton National Guard Camp, and road, sewer, and lagoon systems of several communities. The chain of lakes acts as an evaporation and storage basin. During the spring and summer of 1985, about 25,980 acre-feet of runoff flowed into the chain of lakes from upstream tributaries. About 10,180 acre-feet (about 39 percent) of that runoff flowed out of the chain of lakes. By September 30, 1985, about 440 acre-feet (less than 2 percent of the runoff that flowed into the chain of lakes) remained in storage in the chain of lakes upstream of Devils Lake. The other 15,360 acre-feet (about 59 percent of the runoff that flowed into the chain of lakes) was removed from the chain of lakes, mainly by evaporation.</p><p>High-runoff conditions for Devils Lake were simulated on the basis of records of hydrologic and climatologic data for the years 1985-2032, and a low-runoff condition for Devils Lake was simulated for the years 1985-1990. The January 1985 water level of 1,426.12 feet above sea level was used for the initial lake level. A combination of storage conditions in the upstream chain of lakes and different hydrologic and climatologic variables were used for the high-runoff-condition simulations. For existing storage conditions in the chain of lakes, Devils Lake would have a maximum water level ranging from 1,432.0 to 1,442.6 feet above sea level. For midlevel storage conditions, maximum water levels of Devils Lake would range from 1,432.4 to 1,441.4 feet above sea level. For highlevel storage conditions, maximum water levels of Devils Lake would range from 1,431.3 to 1,439.9 feet above sea level. The low-runoff condition simulation indicates that Devils Lake would have a minimum water level of 1,420.7 feet above sea level. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884020","usgsCitation":"Ryan, G.L., and Wiche, G.J., 1988, Hydrology of the chain of lakes tributary to Devils Lake and water-level simulations of Devils Lake, northeastern North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4020, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884020.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58344,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc7be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, Gerald L.","contributorId":43417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12726,"text":"ofr88129 - 1988 - U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:36:01","indexId":"ofr88129","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-129","title":"U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Oregon","docAbstract":"The use of groundwater in Oregon is expected to increase owing to continued population growth and to surface water supplies that are inadequate to meet present or future demand. The major groundwater issues in Oregon are: conjunctive use of surface and groundwater; contamination from hazardous wastes, leakage from underground gasoline and diesel tanks, naturally occurring brackish water, and high concentrations of dissolved iron; groundwater availability; and Indian water rights. Before 1987, the Oregon Water Resources Department, in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), maintained a network of about 400 observation wells in Oregon to monitor fluctuations in groundwater levels. Water levels currently are measured cooperatively only in active project areas. The USGS has conducted more than 120 hydrologic investigations in Oregon. During fiscal year 1987, the USGS entered into cooperative agreements with 23 local, State, and Federal agencies to conduct hydrologic investigations in Oregon; six investigations included quantitative studies of groundwater. Examples of these groundwater studies are: groundwater hydrology of the Portland basin; groundwater hydrology in the Umatilla Plateau; and iron geochemistry of a sand dune aquifer near Coos Bay. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88129","usgsCitation":"Bolke, E., 1988, U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-129, 2 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88129.","productDescription":"2 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":145765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0129/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41136,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0129/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db6124ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28815,"text":"wri884032 - 1988 - The US Geological Survey stream-gaging program in west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri884032","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4032","title":"The US Geological Survey stream-gaging program in west-central Florida","docAbstract":"The results of a study of the network of the stream-gaging program in west-central Florida are documented. Selected hydrologic data, including drainage area, period of record, and mean annual flow were compiled for the 57 continuous-record gaging stations which were active in 1985. Additionally, selected hydrologic data for 20 discontinued gaging stations are included. Data uses and funding sources were identified for the stations currently being operated in west-central Florida with a budget of $320,000. All stations have been identified as having valid and needed uses, all stations are properly funded, and no short-term project stations exist within the stream-gaging program. On the basis of the analysis, it was concluded that all stations in the present stream-gaging program should be continued in operation. Future studies also will be required because of changes in demands for streamflow information with subsequent addition and deletion of gaging stations. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884032","usgsCitation":"Mycyk, R., 1988, The US Geological Survey stream-gaging program in west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4032, iii, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884032.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4032/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57679,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4032/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6730ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mycyk, R.T.","contributorId":32566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mycyk","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29654,"text":"wri874186 - 1988 - Hydrology of Alkali Creek and Castle Valley Ridge coal-lease tracts, central Utah, and potential effects of coal mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T20:20:14.104305","indexId":"wri874186","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4186","title":"Hydrology of Alkali Creek and Castle Valley Ridge coal-lease tracts, central Utah, and potential effects of coal mining","docAbstract":"The Alkali Creek coal-lease tract includes about 2,150 acres in the Book Cliffs coal field in central Utah, and the Castle Valley Ridge coal-lease tract includes about 3,360 acres in the Wasatch Plateau coal field, also in central Utah. Both the Alkali Creek and Castle Valley Ridge coal-lease tracts are near areas where coal is currently (1987) mined by underground methods from the Cretaceous Blackhawk Formation. The Alkali Creek and Castle Valley Ridge areas have intermittent streams in which flow after snowmelt runoff is locally sustained into midsummer by springflow. The only perennial stream is South Fork Corner Canyon Creek in the Castle Valley Ridge area. Peak flow in both areas generally is from snowmelt runoff; however, peak flow from thunderstorm runoff in the Alkali Creek area can exceed that from snowmelt runoff. Estimated annual source-area sediment yield was 0.5 acre-ft/sq mi in the Alkali Creek lease tract and it was 0.3 acre-ft/sq mi in the Castle Valley Ridge lease tract. Groundwater in the Alkali Creek area occurs in perched aquifers in the Flagstaff Limestone and in other formations above the coal-bearing Blackhawk Formation. The principal source of recharge to the aquifers is snowmelt on outcrops. Faults may be major conduits and control the movement of groundwater. Groundwater discharges at formation contacts, between zones of differing permeability within a formation, near faults and into mines. Water sampled from 13 springs in the Alkali Creek area contained dissolved solids at concentrations ranging from 273 to 5,210 mg/L. Water sampled from 17 springs in the Castle Valley Ridge area contained dissolved solids at concentrations ranging from 208 to 579 mg/L. The composition of water from a recently abandoned part of an active mine the Wasatch Plateau closely resembles that of water discharging from a nearby mine that has been abandoned for more than 30 years. Mining of the Alkali Creek and Castle Valley Ridge coal-lease tracts likely will result in decreased pH and increased concentration of dissolved solids of the water that enters the mines. Even after mining, the water, especially in the Castle Valley Ridge area, may still meet Utah 's drinking water standards. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874186","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., and Baskin, R.L., 1988, Hydrology of Alkali Creek and Castle Valley Ridge coal-lease tracts, central Utah, and potential effects of coal mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4186, Report: vii, 53 p.; 2 Plates: 25.61 x 16.19 inches and 19.62 x 20.86 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874186.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 53 p.; 2 Plates: 25.61 x 16.19 inches and 19.62 x 20.86 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4186/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":466150,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46843.htm","text":"Alkali Creek area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466151,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46844.htm","text":"Castle Valley Ridge area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58474,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4186/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58472,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4186/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58473,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4186/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Alkali Creek and Castle Valley Ridge coal-lease tracts","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.6858,\n              39.7392\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.6858,\n              39.6744\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.6,\n              39.6744\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.6,\n              39.7392\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.6858,\n              39.7392\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.1353,\n              39.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1353,\n              39.5111\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0761,\n              39.5111\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0761,\n              39.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1353,\n              39.6\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604b44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baskin, R. L.","contributorId":14460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12815,"text":"ofr87452 - 1988 - A strategy for collecting ground-water data and developing a ground-water model of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer, Woodbury and Monona Counties, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-11T13:05:37","indexId":"ofr87452","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-452","title":"A strategy for collecting ground-water data and developing a ground-water model of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer, Woodbury and Monona Counties, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>A ground-water-flow model and plan for obtaining supporting data are proposed for a part of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer in Woodbury and Monona Counties, Iowa. The proposed model and the use of the principle of superposition will aid in the interpretation of the relation between ground water and surface water in the study area, particularly the effect of lowered river stages on water levels in the alluvial aquifer. Information on the geometry, hydraulic characteristics, and water levels in the alluvial aquifer needs to be collected for use in the model and for model calibration. A plan to obtain hydrologic and geologic information by use of exploratory test-well drilling is proposed. Also proposed is a monitoring network to obtain information on the spatial and temporal variability of water levels within the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/ofr87452","collaboration":"Prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District","usgsCitation":"Buchmiller, R.C., 1988, A strategy for collecting ground-water data and developing a ground-water model of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer, Woodbury and Monona Counties, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-452, v, 16 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87452.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":147433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0452/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41231,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0452/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Monona County, Woodbury County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-95.6701,42.2099],[-95.6705,42.1231],[-95.6708,42.0354],[-95.6731,41.9491],[-95.6734,41.8619],[-95.7912,41.8626],[-95.9077,41.8627],[-96.0237,41.8632],[-96.1365,41.8657],[-96.1397,41.8682],[-96.143,41.8736],[-96.1451,41.8781],[-96.1452,41.8821],[-96.1462,41.8863],[-96.148,41.8898],[-96.1531,41.8951],[-96.1563,41.8987],[-96.1595,41.9023],[-96.1597,41.9055],[-96.1598,41.908],[-96.1579,41.9098],[-96.1556,41.911],[-96.1516,41.9119],[-96.1476,41.913],[-96.144,41.9153],[-96.1408,41.9175],[-96.1381,41.9206],[-96.1367,41.9246],[-96.1364,41.9287],[-96.1381,41.9319],[-96.1398,41.9359],[-96.1413,41.9408],[-96.1426,41.9444],[-96.1421,41.9476],[-96.1414,41.9511],[-96.1399,41.9547],[-96.137,41.9582],[-96.1346,41.9614],[-96.133,41.9664],[-96.1335,41.97],[-96.1382,41.9745],[-96.143,41.9771],[-96.1476,41.9775],[-96.1528,41.9787],[-96.1578,41.9789],[-96.1627,41.9786],[-96.1671,41.9778],[-96.1714,41.9779],[-96.1748,41.9783],[-96.1781,41.9804],[-96.1811,41.9823],[-96.1831,41.9854],[-96.185,41.9897],[-96.1848,41.9929],[-96.1847,41.9963],[-96.185,42.0001],[-96.1851,42.0044],[-96.1857,42.0055],[-96.1877,42.0063],[-96.192,42.0087],[-96.2057,42.0094],[-96.215,42.0069],[-96.2246,41.9945],[-96.2367,41.9961],[-96.2413,42.0009],[-96.2416,42.0037],[-96.238,42.0128],[-96.2283,42.0174],[-96.2225,42.0233],[-96.2217,42.025],[-96.2212,42.0282],[-96.2232,42.0309],[-96.224,42.034],[-96.2312,42.0378],[-96.2332,42.0384],[-96.2383,42.0411],[-96.2578,42.0384],[-96.2698,42.0429],[-96.272,42.0461],[-96.2728,42.0474],[-96.2742,42.0502],[-96.2777,42.0586],[-96.279,42.0685],[-96.2771,42.0804],[-96.2693,42.092],[-96.2661,42.1031],[-96.2686,42.1149],[-96.2753,42.1199],[-96.2766,42.1221],[-96.2863,42.126],[-96.3055,42.1298],[-96.3126,42.1362],[-96.3152,42.1411],[-96.3179,42.1472],[-96.3259,42.1532],[-96.3403,42.1595],[-96.3474,42.1669],[-96.3482,42.1702],[-96.3488,42.1709],[-96.3502,42.174],[-96.3513,42.1777],[-96.3511,42.1799],[-96.3512,42.184],[-96.3506,42.1863],[-96.3507,42.189],[-96.3508,42.1908],[-96.3505,42.1931],[-96.3509,42.1958],[-96.3538,42.2021],[-96.3564,42.2062],[-96.3578,42.2093],[-96.3585,42.212],[-96.358,42.2147],[-96.3576,42.2154],[-96.3368,42.2178],[-96.3224,42.2324],[-96.3287,42.24],[-96.328,42.2478],[-96.3307,42.2587],[-96.3389,42.2679],[-96.3534,42.2743],[-96.3574,42.277],[-96.3674,42.2899],[-96.3703,42.3065],[-96.3715,42.3142],[-96.3735,42.3171],[-96.3737,42.3185],[-96.3829,42.3256],[-96.4085,42.3374],[-96.4186,42.352],[-96.4162,42.3629],[-96.4077,42.3739],[-96.4158,42.3923],[-96.4149,42.4088],[-96.3987,42.4227],[-96.3964,42.4243],[-96.3909,42.4288],[-96.3869,42.4327],[-96.3834,42.4383],[-96.382,42.4445],[-96.381,42.4526],[-96.3807,42.4642],[-96.3831,42.4722],[-96.3863,42.4787],[-96.3915,42.484],[-96.3997,42.4877],[-96.4079,42.4896],[-96.4192,42.4916],[-96.4328,42.4908],[-96.4483,42.4893],[-96.45,42.4895],[-96.4589,42.4907],[-96.4687,42.493],[-96.473,42.4945],[-96.4754,42.4962],[-96.4763,42.5014],[-96.4749,42.5037],[-96.4746,42.5071],[-96.4764,42.5101],[-96.4838,42.5121],[-96.4888,42.5123],[-96.4918,42.5137],[-96.4926,42.5215],[-96.4798,42.5261],[-96.4774,42.5294],[-96.477,42.5335],[-96.4776,42.5494],[-96.4792,42.557],[-96.4862,42.5601],[-96.4954,42.5589],[-96.4982,42.562],[-96.4514,42.5622],[-96.3711,42.5622],[-96.2166,42.5614],[-96.0995,42.5615],[-95.8585,42.5611],[-95.7402,42.5609],[-95.7414,42.5223],[-95.7399,42.475],[-95.6696,42.4744],[-95.6693,42.384],[-95.6706,42.3658],[-95.6696,42.2962],[-95.6701,42.2099]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Monona\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchmiller, Robert C.","contributorId":72372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmiller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28643,"text":"wri884187 - 1988 - Potential effects of surface coal mining on the hydrology of the upper Otter Creek-Pasture Creek area, Moorhead coal field, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T21:04:42.141391","indexId":"wri884187","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4187","title":"Potential effects of surface coal mining on the hydrology of the upper Otter Creek-Pasture Creek area, Moorhead coal field, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"<p>The combined upper Otter Creek-Pasture Creek area, south of Ashland, Montana, contains large reserves of Federal coal for potential lease sale. A hydrologic study was conducted in the area to describe existing hydrologic systems and generalized groundwater quality, to assess potential effects of surface mining on local water resources, and to evaluate the potential for reclamation of those water resources. Principal aquifers are coal beds and sandstone in the upper Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation (Paleocene age), and sand and gravel in alluvium (Pleistocene and Holocene age). Hydraulic conductivity determined from aquifer tests was about 0.004 to 16 ft/d for coal or sandstone aquifers and 1 to 290 ft/d for alluvial aquifers. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water from bedrock ranged from 1,160 to 4,390 mg/L. In alluvium, the concentrations were 1,770 to 12,600 mg/L. Surface water is available from interrupted flow along downstream reaches of Otter and Pasture Creeks, from stock ponds, and from springs. Most stock ponds are dry by midsummer. Mining of coal in the Anderson, Dietz, and Canyon beds would lower the potentiometric surface within coal and sandstone aquifers. Alluvium along Otter Creek, its main tributaries, and Pasture Creek would be removed at the mines. Planned structuring of the spoils and reconstruction of alluvial aquifers could minimize downstream changes in water quality. Although mining would alter the existing hydrologic systems and destroy several shallow wells and stock ponds, alternative water supplies are available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884187","usgsCitation":"McClymonds, N.E., and Moreland, J.A., 1988, Potential effects of surface coal mining on the hydrology of the upper Otter Creek-Pasture Creek area, Moorhead coal field, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4187, Report: v, 87 p.; 2 Plates: 15.65 × 21.42 inches and 16.07 × 21.26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884187.","productDescription":"Report: v, 87 p.; 2 Plates: 15.65 × 21.42 inches and 16.07 × 21.26 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57483,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57482,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4187/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57481,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4187/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393934,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47090.htm"},{"id":124096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4187/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Moorhead coal field, upper Otter Creek - Pasture Creek area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.1819,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              45.1592\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.1819,\n              45.1592\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.1819,\n              45\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6838bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClymonds, N. E.","contributorId":94653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClymonds","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moreland, J. A.","contributorId":71994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreland","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19023,"text":"ofr88170 - 1988 - Hydrologic and suspended-sediment data for Reelfoot Lake, Obion and Lake Counties, northwestern Tennessee, May 1985-September 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:32","indexId":"ofr88170","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-170","title":"Hydrologic and suspended-sediment data for Reelfoot Lake, Obion and Lake Counties, northwestern Tennessee, May 1985-September 1986","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data for Reelfoot Lake in Obion and Lake Counties, Tennessee, were collected at 4 surface water inflow stations, 1 outflow station, 2 rainfall stations, 2 lake elevation stations, and 29 wells for the period May 1, 1985 through September 30, 1986. Additionally, suspended-sediment data were collected at three stations on two of the major tributaries to the lake. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88170","usgsCitation":"Garrett, J., 1988, Hydrologic and suspended-sediment data for Reelfoot Lake, Obion and Lake Counties, northwestern Tennessee, May 1985-September 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-170, iv, 50 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88170.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1095,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr88-170","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":151335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrett, J.W.","contributorId":87958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12995,"text":"ofr87548 - 1988 - Hydrologic data for computation of sediment discharge: Toutle and North Fork Toutle Rivers near Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years 1980-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-08T18:45:52.588542","indexId":"ofr87548","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-548","title":"Hydrologic data for computation of sediment discharge: Toutle and North Fork Toutle Rivers near Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years 1980-84","docAbstract":"Immediately after the devastating May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, a program was initiated by the U.S. Geological Survey to study the streamflow and sediment characteristics of streams impacted by the eruption. Some of the data gathered in that program are presented in this report. Data are presented for two key sites in the Toutle River basin: North Fork Toutle River near Kid Valley, and Toutle River at Tower Road, near Silver Lake. The types of data presented are appropriate for use with sediment transport formulas; however, the data are also intended for use in a wide variety of additional applications. The data presented in this report are unique because they delineate flow conditions possessing great potential fo sediment transport. The data define unusually high suspended-sediment concentration. Data defining hydraulic, peak discharge, suspended-sediment, and bed-material characteristics are presented. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr87548","usgsCitation":"Childers, D., Hammond, S.E., and Johnson, W.P., 1988, Hydrologic data for computation of sediment discharge: Toutle and North Fork Toutle Rivers near Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years 1980-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-548, viii, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87548.","productDescription":"viii, 117 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379246,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0548/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0548/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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      ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childers, Dallas","contributorId":57861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"Dallas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammond, Stephen E. sehammon@usgs.gov","contributorId":676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"Stephen","email":"sehammon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":167095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, William P.","contributorId":107288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":13027,"text":"ofr87704 - 1988 - Estimated water use in Iowa, 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-09T12:48:39","indexId":"ofr87704","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-704","title":"Estimated water use in Iowa, 1985","docAbstract":"<p>Periodic assessments of water use in Iowa are needed to understand and manage the demands for the available water resources. This report summarizes where, how much, and for what purposes water was used in Iowa during 1985. The data are presented for the following categories: agricultural, self-supplied commercial, self-supplied domestic, self-supplied industrial, irrigation, mining, power generation (excluding hydroelectric plants), and public-water supply. The water-use data are further categorized by county, hydrologic unit subregion, and major aquifer system. During 1985, a total of 1,010,000 million gallons was estimated to have been withdrawn from Iowa's surface- and ground-water resources. Of this, 76 percent was withdrawn from surface-water sources and 24 percent from ground-water sources. Power generation was the largest water-use category, withdrawing 66 percent of the total withdrawals; 99 percent was from surface-water sources. Public-water supply was the second largest water-use category and accounted for 13 percent of total withdrawals; 74 percent was from ground-water sources. Self-supplied industries withdrew 7 percent of the total water use and agricultural withdrawals were 6 percent of the total water use. The remaining 8 percent was accounted for by irrigation (3 percent), self-supplied domestic (2 percent), mining (2 percent), and self-supplied commercial (1 percent) water users. The largest estimated water use occurred in Woodbury County where 201,000 million gallons was withdrawn. Pottawattamie County had the second largest water use with 182,000 million gallons. Other counties with significant withdrawals were Allamakee (74,900 million gallons), Muscatine (63,900 million gallons), and Clinton (62,300 million gallons). Power generation plants are in each of these counties. Surface-water withdrawals were most intensive along the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. Nearly 80 percent of the surface water used in the State was by power generation plants on the border rivers. Surficial aquifers were the source of 60 percent of the ground-water withdrawals. The remaining 40 percent was withdrawn from the following aquifers: Silurian-Devonian, 14 percent; Cambrian-Ordovician, 13 percent; Dakota, 8 percent; and Mississippian-Pennsylvanian, 5 percent. It was estimated that 17 percent of the total surface water and ground water withdrawn was consumed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/ofr87704","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Clark, M.L., and Thamke, J., 1988, Estimated water use in Iowa, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-704, iii, 28 p: ill., maps; 22 x 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87704.","productDescription":"iii, 28 p: ill., maps; 22 x 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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