The Laurentian Great Lakes of North America support a large and profitable freshwater fishery, but one continuously beset by parasitism from the invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Despite being the life stage that inflicts damage to the fishery, therefore necessitating a bi-national control program, our knowledge of juvenile sea lamprey ecology is poor and their response to control efforts are not assessed. Incidental capture of juvenile sea lamprey by commercial fishers is one means to collect data on this enigmatic life stage, and in Lake Huron such data have been collated since 1967. Here, we explore incidental captures of juvenile sea lamprey and their hosts from northern Lake Huron between 1987 and 2017 (n = 33,246 observations) to address four objectives. Firstly, we document collection efforts by fishers to provide historical context to the dataset. Secondly, we pose and test a series of questions related to fishery encounter, host selection, growth, distribution, and sex ratio to highlight how these types of data can be informative regarding juvenile sea lamprey ecology. Results presented here could be used to develop biological hypotheses to be addressed in future work. Thirdly, we directly assessed whether juvenile sea lamprey capture data could be useful in corroborating trends observed in adult sea lamprey abundance and wounding, as well as in identifying abundance and wounding hotspots. Lastly, we summarize research and outreach efforts that have benefited from the capture of juvenile sea lamprey in recent years.
Ecosystem managers confronted with newly invasive species may respond with a program of suppression or eradication. Suppression of an invasive species refers to management of a species such that its effect on other biota in the local ecosystem is acceptable. Eradication is the removal of all individuals of a species from a defined region. We examine the cost and benefit trade-offs between suppression and eradication of Laurentian Great Lakes sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) based on discussions at the 3rd Sea Lamprey International Symposium (held in 2019). Substantial effort has been expended annually since the 1960s to suppress sea lampreys in the Great Lakes basin. Choosing between suppression and eradication is a value judgement, ideally made jointly by scientists, decision-makers, stakeholders, and society. Successful large-scale eradications have been limited to a small number of cases for which the cost to human society justified and supported the long-term commitment necessary for success. The greatest challenge to successful eradication of sea lampreys from the Great Lakes may be a suitable social, political, legal, and institutional environment. Preparations could be made now for a transition in which public pushback on current control methods (pesticide applications and barriers to fish passage) leads to more extensive use of an alternative control method, such as genetic control.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2021.04.005","usgsCitation":"Adams, J.V., Birceanu, O., Chadderton, W.L., Jones, M., Lepak, J.M., Selheimer, T.S., Steeves, T.B., Sullivan, W.P., and Wingfield, J., 2021, Trade-offs between suppression and eradication of sea lampreys from the Great Lake: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 47, no. Suppl 1, p. S782-S795, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2021.04.005.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"S782","endPage":"S795","ipdsId":"IP-121357","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452576,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2021.04.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385317,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence River areas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 48.8936153614802\n ],\n [\n -92.8125,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -88.2861328125,\n 44.55916341529182\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -77.3876953125,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -71.54296874999999,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -67.5439453125,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -65.7861328125,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -67.7197265625,\n 49.89463439573421\n ],\n [\n -71.9384765625,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -79.3212890625,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -84.375,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -84.7705078125,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -86.484375,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 49.26780455063753\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 48.8936153614802\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"Suppl 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birceanu, Oana","contributorId":191034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birceanu","given":"Oana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chadderton, W. Lindsay","contributorId":257604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chadderton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lindsay","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":814712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":7219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lepak, Jesse M.","contributorId":172156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lepak","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Selheimer, Titus S","contributorId":257606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selheimer","given":"Titus","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":52065,"text":"Wisconsin Sea Grant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Steeves, Todd B.","contributorId":126761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steeves","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6598,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Centre","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sullivan, W. Paul","contributorId":257607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":52068,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada - retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wingfield, Jill","contributorId":257608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wingfield","given":"Jill","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7019,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70230076,"text":"70230076 - 2021 - Insight into the May 2015 summit inflation event at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T11:54:59.66099","indexId":"70230076","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-24T06:51:50","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insight into the May 2015 summit inflation event at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"We use ground and space geodetic data to study surface deformation at Kīlauea Volcano from January to September 2015. This period includes an episode of heightened activity in April and May 2015 that culminated in a magmatic intrusion beneath the volcano's summit. The data set consists of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), tilt, visual and seismic time series along with 25 descending and 15 ascending acquisitions of the Sentinel-1 satellite. We identify four different stages of surface deformation and volcanic activity, which we attribute to pressure changes and the movement of magma in response to an imbalance between magma supply and withdrawal in the shallow plumbing system, eventually leading to an intrusion beneath the summit area. In particular, we model the deformation as due to pressure changes in two subsurface magma bodies: the Halema‘uma‘u Reservoir (HMMR) and South Caldera Reservoir (SCR). The SCR was best described by an ellipsoidal source at 2.8 (2.65–3.07 at 95% confidence) km depth below the south caldera region. The HMMR was modeled as a point source located just east of Halema‘uma‘u crater at 1.5 (0.95–2.62) km depth. We suggest that a short-term increase in the magma supply rate to the volcano is a potential mechanisms for the intrusion, although other factors, like the filling of available void space or a reduced efficiency of magma transport through the volcano's East Rift Zone, may also play a role.
Scavenging is an important function within ecosystems where scavengers remove organic matter, reduce disease, stabilize food webs, and generally make ecosystems more resilient to environmental changes. Global change (i.e., changing climate and increasing human impact) is currently influencing scavenger communities. Thus, understanding what promotes species richness in scavenger communities can help prioritize management actions. Using a long-term dataset from camera traps deployed with animal carcasses as bait along a 1881 km latitudinal gradient in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern USA, we investigated the relative impact of climate and humans on the species richness and diversity of vertebrate scavengers. Our most supported models for both mammalian and avian scavengers included climatic, but not human, variables. The richness of mammalian and avian scavengers detected was highest during relatively warm (5–10°C) and dry (100–150 mm precipitation) winters, when food was likely limited and both reliance on and detection of carrion was high. The diversity of mammalian and avian scavengers detected was highest under drier conditions. We then used these results to project the future species richness of scavengers that would be detected within our sampling area and under the climate scenario of 2070 (emissions level RCP8.5). Our predictions suggest up to 80% and 67% reductions, respectively, in the richness of avian and mammalian scavengers that would be detected at baited sites. Climate-induced shifts in behavior (i.e., reduction in scavenging, even if present) at this scale could have cascading implications for ecosystem function, resilience, and human health. Further, our study highlights the importance of conducting studies of scavenger community dynamics within ecosystems across wide spatial gradients within temperate environments. More broadly, these findings build upon our understanding of the impacts of climate-induced adjustments in behavior that can likely have negative impacts on systems at a large scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.15653","usgsCitation":"Marneweck, C.J., Katzner, T., and Jachowski, D., 2021, Predicted climate-induced reductions in scavenging in eastern North America: Global Change Biology, v. 27, no. 14, p. 3383-3394, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15653.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3383","endPage":"3394","ipdsId":"IP-125016","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.48828125,\n 45.27488643704891\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 40.34654412118006\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -77.0361328125,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -72.0703125,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -69.60937499999999,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -70.48828125,\n 45.27488643704891\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marneweck, Courtney J. 0000-0002-5064-1979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-1979","contributorId":261261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marneweck","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachowski, David S.","contributorId":228814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jachowski","given":"David S.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70222508,"text":"70222508 - 2021 - Mercury and water level management in lakes of northern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-02T15:30:54.462657","indexId":"70222508","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-23T10:26:27","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury and water level management in lakes of northern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Water level (WL) fluctuations substantially alter the fauna, flora, and microbial community of nearshore aquatic ecosystems. Water level management therefore has the potential to strongly influence a wide variety of ecosystem processes. Many northern temperate lake food webs experience substantial methylmercury contamination, which is partially mediated by the action of sulfate-reducing bacteria occurring in sediments that are periodically inundated. For lakes with elevated methylmercury, WL management could be designed to reduce methylmercury contamination. At the lake scale, this concept is supported by studies that identified statistical associations between fish mercury content and water level (WL) fluctuations. Here, we compiled a long-term dataset (1997–2015) of mercury content in young-of-year Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) from six lakes on the border of the United States and Canada and examined whether mercury content was associated with WL fluctuation. Many WL metrics covary and appear to have strong associations with Yellow Perch mercury. However, these associations appear to vary by lake, and lake-specific models are needed to identify relationships between WL fluctuation and Yellow Perch mercury content. We used partial least-squares regression (PLSR) to identify the associations between Yellow Perch mercury content and WL metrics, temperature, and annual deposition data for lakes in northern Minnesota. These PLSR models not only showed some variation among lakes, but also supported strong associations between WL fluctuations and annual variation in Yellow Perch mercury content. The study lakes underwent a change in WL management in 2000, when winter WL minimums were increased by about 1 m in five of the six study lakes, which reduced annual WL fluctuation on those lakes. Using the PLSR models, we estimated how this change in WL management would have affected Yellow Perch mercury content. In four of the five study lakes in which annual WL fluctuation was reduced in 2000, the change in WL management likely reduced Yellow Perch mercury content, relative to the previous WL management regime.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3465","usgsCitation":"Larson, J.H., Maki, R., Christensen, V., Hlavacek, E., Sandheinrich, M.B., LeDuc, J.F., Kissane, C., and Knights, B.C., 2021, Mercury and water level management in lakes of northern Minnesota: Ecosphere, v. 12, no. 4, e03465, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3465.","productDescription":"e03465, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119750","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3465","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96TWNJL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mercury and water level fluctuations in lakes of northern Minnesota - sampling site land cover and inundated area data"},{"id":387629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.240966796875,\n 48.16058943132621\n ],\n [\n -92.37991333007812,\n 48.16058943132621\n ],\n [\n -92.37991333007812,\n 48.62383195130112\n ],\n [\n -93.240966796875,\n 48.62383195130112\n ],\n [\n -93.240966796875,\n 48.16058943132621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, James H. 0000-0002-6414-9758 jhlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9758","contributorId":4250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"James","email":"jhlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maki, Ryan P.","contributorId":190131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maki","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Victoria 0000-0003-4166-7461","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":220548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hlavacek, Enrika 0000-0002-9872-2305 ehlavacek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-2305","contributorId":149114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hlavacek","given":"Enrika","email":"ehlavacek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandheinrich, Mark B.","contributorId":149084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12793,"text":"University of Wisconsin-La Crosse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LeDuc, Jaime F.","contributorId":190132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeDuc","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kissane, Claire","contributorId":178240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kissane","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Knights, Brent C. 0000-0001-8526-8468 bknights@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":2906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"Brent","email":"bknights@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70229013,"text":"70229013 - 2021 - Genetic structure and diversity of the endemic Carolina Madtom and conservation implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-25T14:54:41.296871","indexId":"70229013","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-23T08:48:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic structure and diversity of the endemic Carolina Madtom and conservation implications","docAbstract":"Identification and conservation of genetic diversity within and among freshwater fish populations are important to better manage and conserve imperiled species. The Carolina Madtom Noturus furiosus is a small, nongame catfish that is endemic to the Tar and Neuse River basins of North Carolina. Genetic structure has not been studied in the species, and given recent population declines in both basins, identification of remaining genetic diversity within the species is vital for informing conservation efforts. To assess the status and trends of Carolina Madtom genetic structure, we analyzed genetic markers from 173 individuals to (1) define population genetic structure, (2) assess intra- and interbasin genetic differentiation in the Tar and Neuse River basins, and (3) present management implications to guide conservation efforts. Using 10 microsatellite primers developed for the related Yellowfin Madtom N. flavipinnis, we observed low genetic diversity in Carolina Madtoms. Genotype frequencies within samples were not in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, with a deficit of heterozygotes that could be due to family structure, inbreeding, or segregation of null alleles. Mean (±SD) M-ratios for the Tar River (0.414 ± 0.117) and Neuse River (0.117 ± 0.102) basin collections indicated that both populations have experienced recent demographic bottlenecks, with that in the Neuse River basin population being more severe. Effective population size estimates for the respective populations were small, on the order of tens of individuals, driving low genetic diversity within populations. However, the multilocus population differentiation metrics ![\"urn:x-wiley:02755947:media:nafm10589:nafm10589-math-0001\"](\"https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/73bfb3fb-173a-4720-a715-45922add6b7a/nafm10589-math-0001.png\")
(mean ± SE = 0.135 ± 0.031) and DEST (0.125 ± 0.029) were significantly different from zero (P < 0.001), indicating significant genetic differentiation between the Tar and Neuse River basin populations. Our findings will inform managers on the status of genetic variation in the Carolina Madtom and will guide conservation toward protective listing and management decisions to maintain the viability of this important endemic species.
Riparian habitat in the southwestern USA has undergone substantial degradation over the past century, prompting extensive management and restoration of these critical ecosystems. Most restoration efforts, however, do not account for life history traits or riverine complexity that may influence genetic diversity and structure. Here, we use simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in four southwestern riparian species (Populus fremontii, Salix gooddingii, S. exigua, and Prosopis glandulosa) that occupy a geographically complex region to address four questions: 1) How is river connectivity related to genetic diversity and structure? 2) How do mating systems and dispersal mechanisms influence gene flow? 3) Is genetic diversity influenced by unidirectional water flow? 4) How do unregulated tributary and regulated river flows affect clonality and associated diversity? Our results identify five findings: 1) Patterns of genetic diversity and structure vary substantially across different species; 2) species with geographic distributions that include a large, perennial river exhibit the least genetic structure; 3) mating system, clonality, and seed dispersal are related to genetic structure; 4) genetic diversity is variable among species and populations, but does not increase or decrease unidirectionally; and 5) clonality and associated diversity does not differ along a regulated river relative to unregulated tributaries. Our multispecies approach to understanding how riverine complexity and life history traits influence genetic diversity and structure could be incorporated into management efforts to more closely match riparian species with their unique environments, thereby facilitating restoration success.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Ecological Restoration","doi":"10.1111/rec.13418","usgsCitation":"Palmquist, E.C., Allan, G.J., Ogle, K., Whitham, T.G., Butterfield, B.J., and Shafroth, P., 2021, Riverine complexity and life history inform restoration in riparian environments in the southwestern U.S.: Restoration Ecology, v. 29, no. 7, e13418, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13418.","productDescription":"e13418, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122036","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JLNJGJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Plant genetic structure data from riparian areas within the Grand Canyon region in northern Arizona"},{"id":385541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 34.74161249883172\n ],\n [\n -110.36865234374999,\n 34.74161249883172\n ],\n [\n -110.36865234374999,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 34.74161249883172\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmquist, Emily C. 0000-0003-1069-2154 epalmquist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-2154","contributorId":5669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmquist","given":"Emily","email":"epalmquist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allan, Gerald J","contributorId":257926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allan","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":52178,"text":"Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ogle, Kiona","contributorId":248351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ogle","given":"Kiona","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitham, Thomas G.","contributorId":174327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitham","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":27416,"text":"Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Nothern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butterfield, Bradley J. 0000-0003-0974-9811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9811","contributorId":167009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24591,"text":"Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":225182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70220198,"text":"70220198 - 2021 - West-wide drought analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-27T12:40:24.30458","indexId":"70220198","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-23T07:33:53","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"chapter":"4","title":"West-wide drought analysis","docAbstract":"This chapter describes analyses of the variability and characteristics of drought for historical and future projected climate conditions across the Western United States. The analyses are performed using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI; Palmer, 1965) to define drought events. The advantage of using PDSI to define droughts is that it focuses explicitly on droughts driven by hydroclimate variability. The PDSI does not include anthropogenic effects, such as water management, including the effects of reservoirs and diversions. Thus, PDSI is well-suited to examine natural climate-driven drought characteristics (i.e., drought duration, severity, and frequency).\nThe next section (Section 4.1) describes the PDSI dataset and how it is used in the analyses. Section 4.2 describes the methodologies used to identify and analyze drought events. Section 4.3 presents results, along with considerations regarding the interpretations of the results. Summary and next steps emerging from the analyses are described in Section 4.4. Lastly, a listing of key findings is given in Section 4.5.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"West-Wide Climate and Hydrology Assessment, Technical Memorandum No. ENV-2021-001","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","collaboration":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Gangopadhyay, S., McCabe, G.J., Pruitt, T., and House, B., 2021, West-wide drought analysis, 54 p.","productDescription":"54 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"182","ipdsId":"IP-125638","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385309,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usbr.gov/climate/secure/2021secure.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu","contributorId":257611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gangopadhyay","given":"Subhrendu","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":200854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pruitt, Tom","contributorId":257612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pruitt","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"House, Brandon","contributorId":257613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"House","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70230170,"text":"70230170 - 2021 - Radionuclides in surface water and groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T11:53:49.612176","indexId":"70230170","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-23T06:52:23","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Radionuclides in surface water and groundwater","docAbstract":"Unique among all the contaminants that adversely affect surface- and groundwater quality, radioactive compounds pose a double threat from toxicity and ionizing radiation. The high energy potential of many of these materials makes them both useful and hazardous. The unique properties of radioactive materials make them invaluable for medical and energy applications. However, mining, production, use, and disposal of compounds and their byproducts provide potential pathways for their release into the environment, posing a risk to both humans and ecosystems. This chapter presents an overview of the sources and uses of radioactive compounds in the United States, biogeochemical processes that control mobility in the environment, examples of radionuclide contamination, and an overview of remediation strategies.
Fire and fuel management is a high priority in North American sagebrush ecosystems where the expansion of piñon and juniper trees and the invasion of nonnative annual grasses are altering fire regimes and resulting in loss of sagebrush species and habitat. We evaluated 10-yr effects of woody fuel treatments on sagebrush recruitment and plant functional group interactions using Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project data. We used mixed-effects ANOVAs to examine treatment effects on sagebrush density and cover and perennial and annual grass cover in expansion woodlands (prescribed fire and cut-and-leave) and annual grass invasion areas (prescribed fire, mowing, tebuthiuron herbicide application). We used piecewise structural equation models to evaluate interactions among sagebrush seedling density, juvenile and adult density, and cover and perennial and annual grass cover. Fuel treatments were equated to pulse or press disturbances varying in resource release and subsequent intra- and interspecific interactions. Prescribed fire, a high magnitude pulse disturbance with more severe effects in warm and dry sites, reduced sagebrush cover and decoupled associations among sagebrush seedlings, juvenile and adult density, and cover indicating changed population structure. Cutting and leaving trees, a low magnitude pulse disturbance in cooler and moister woodlands, increased sagebrush density and cover and generally had lesser effects on sagebrush intraspecific associations. Mowing, a moderate magnitude pulse disturbance, and tebuthiuron herbicide application, a multiyear press disturbance, reduced sagebrush cover and disrupted intraspecific relationships. Competitive release increased cover of perennial grass in all treatments but tebuthiuron. Annual grass increased in all treatments, especially prescribed fire and tebuthiuron. Annual and perennial grass interactions with sagebrush were generally rare, but in woodland treatments perennial grass suppressed annual grass through year 6. Treatments in cooler and moister woodland sites had more positive effects on sagebrush recruitment and perennial grass cover, less negative effects on sagebrush intraspecific interactions, and smaller increases in annual grass cover indicating potential increases in resilience to fire. In warmer and drier invasion sites, reductions in woody fuels resulted in lack of sagebrush recruitment, disruption of sagebrush intraspecific interactions, and progressive increases in annual grass indicating reduced resilience to fire and resistance to invaders.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3450","usgsCitation":"Chambers, J., Urza, A.K., Board, D.I., Miller, R.F., Pyke, D.A., Roundy, B.A., Schupp, E.W., and Tausch, R.J., 2021, Sagebrush recovery patterns after fuel treatments mediated by disturbance type and plant functional group interactions: Ecosphere, v. 12, no. 4, e03450, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3450.","productDescription":"e03450, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123790","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3450","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, Jeanne C.","contributorId":75889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jeanne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Urza, Alexandra K. 0000-0001-9795-6735","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-6735","contributorId":261259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Urza","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16848,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Board, David I.","contributorId":261260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Board","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":16848,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Richard F.","contributorId":178258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roundy, Bruce A.","contributorId":178261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roundy","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schupp, Eugene W.","contributorId":178262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schupp","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tausch, Robin J.","contributorId":213637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tausch","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70266036,"text":"70266036 - 2021 - Hydrologic effects on growth and hatching success of age-0 Channel Catfish in the Tallapoosa River basin: Implications for management in regulated systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-24T15:44:41.254501","indexId":"70266036","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic effects on growth and hatching success of age-0 Channel Catfish in the Tallapoosa River basin: Implications for management in regulated systems","docAbstract":"We assessed the effects of hydrology on growth and hatching success of age‐0 Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus in regulated and unregulated reaches of the Tallapoosa River basin, Alabama. Age‐0 Channel Catfish (N = 91) were collected from sites in both the Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions in fall 2003 and fall 2005. Lapillus otoliths were used to estimate the daily ages of age‐0 Channel Catfish, for which hatch dates were back‐calculated. We performed growth analysis to determine growth histories of each fish at 20‐d increments from hatch. Across the 2 years of sampling, Channel Catfish hatches were documented from June 7 to September 15. Ages and growth rates of age‐0 Channel Catfish ranged from 20 to 126 d and 0.60 to 1.5 mm/d, respectively. In general, growth was highest among age‐0 Channel Catfish from unregulated sites in the lower Coastal Plain, lowest among fish from unregulated sites in the Piedmont, and intermediate from regulated sites in the Piedmont. Successful hatching typically occurred during periods when mean discharges were in the upper two quartiles of flows for each site but not during exceptionally high peaks in flow. Physiographic province, the frequency of high pulses, and the number of flow reversals were the most important factors influencing the growth of recently hatched Channel Catfish. Results suggest that a low to moderate frequency of high pulses (25–150 pulses per 20‐d increment) and a moderate number of flow reversals (~100–175 reversals per 20‐d increment) enhances early growth of Channel Catfish in the Tallapoosa River system. Managing flow, when possible, to minimize large releases of water that result in exceptionally high pulses and providing minimal hydropeaking may improve hatching success during the Channel Catfish spawning season.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10600","usgsCitation":"Erickson, K., Sakaris, P., Conner, H., and Irwin, E.R., 2021, Hydrologic effects on growth and hatching success of age-0 Channel Catfish in the Tallapoosa River basin: Implications for management in regulated systems: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 41, no. S1, p. S118-S132, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10600.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"S118","endPage":"S132","ipdsId":"IP-117156","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":484988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Tallapoosa River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.13103826076762,\n 34.346950443170655\n ],\n [\n -86.13103826076762,\n 33.770251015559566\n ],\n [\n -85.39701150663335,\n 33.770251015559566\n ],\n [\n -85.39701150663335,\n 34.346950443170655\n ],\n [\n -86.13103826076762,\n 34.346950443170655\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Keith A.","contributorId":353730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erickson","given":"Keith A.","affiliations":[{"id":84494,"text":"Georgia Gwinnett College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sakaris, Peter C.","contributorId":353731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sakaris","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[{"id":84494,"text":"Georgia Gwinnett College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conner, Hannah","contributorId":353732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conner","given":"Hannah","affiliations":[{"id":84494,"text":"Georgia Gwinnett College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irwin, Elise R. 0000-0002-6866-4976 eirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-4976","contributorId":2588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Elise","email":"eirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":934430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70222089,"text":"70222089 - 2021 - Quantifying diagenesis, contributing factors, and resulting isotopic bias in benthic foraminifera using the Foraminiferal Preservation Index: Implications for geochemical proxy records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-19T23:24:09.565365","indexId":"70222089","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-22T18:19:21","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5790,"text":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying diagenesis, contributing factors, and resulting isotopic bias in benthic foraminifera using the Foraminiferal Preservation Index: Implications for geochemical proxy records","docAbstract":"Geochemical records generated from the calcite tests of benthic foraminifera, especially those of the genera Cibicidoides and Uvigerina, provide the basis for proxy reconstructions of past climate. However, the extent to which benthic foraminifera are affected by postdepositional alteration is poorly constrained. Furthermore, how diagenesis may alter the geochemical composition of benthic foraminiferal tests, and thereby biasing a variety of proxy-based climate records, is also poorly constrained. We present the Foraminiferal Preservation Index (FPI) as a new metric to quantify preservation quality based on objective, well-defined criteria. The FPI is used to identify and quantify trends in diagenesis temporally, from late Pliocene to modern coretop samples (3.3–0 Ma), as well as spatially in the deep ocean. The FPI identifies the chemical composition of deep-ocean water masses to be the primary driver of diagenesis through time, while also serving as a supplementary method of identifying periods of changing water mass influence at a given site. Additionally, we present stable isotope data (δ18O, δ13C) generated from individual Cibicidoides specimens of various preservation quality that demonstrate the likelihood of significant biasing in a variety of geochemical proxy records, especially those used to reconstruct past changes in ice volume and sea level. These single-test data further demonstrate that when incorporating carefully selected tests of only the highest preservation quality, robust paleorecords can be generated.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020PA004110","usgsCitation":"Poirier, R., Gaetano, M.Q., Acevedo, K., Morgan F. Schaller, M.F., Raymo, M.E., and Kozdon, R., 2021, Quantifying diagenesis, contributing factors, and resulting isotopic bias in benthic foraminifera using the Foraminiferal Preservation Index: Implications for geochemical proxy records: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 36, no. 5, e2020PA004110, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA004110.","productDescription":"e2020PA004110, 32 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121944","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poirier, Robert 0000-0001-5380-4545","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-4545","contributorId":261201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poirier","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaetano, Madison Q.","contributorId":261202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaetano","given":"Madison","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":7159,"text":"University of Cincinnati","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Acevedo, Kimberly","contributorId":261203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Acevedo","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan F. Schaller, Morgan F. 0000-0003-2742-2126","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-2126","contributorId":261204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan F. Schaller","given":"Morgan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12656,"text":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Raymo, Maureen E.","contributorId":261205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymo","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":28041,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kozdon, Reinhard 0000-0001-6347-456X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-456X","contributorId":261206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kozdon","given":"Reinhard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28041,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70218471,"text":"70218471 - 2021 - Microbial ecology of coral-dominated reefs in the Federated States of Micronesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T20:44:52.868929","indexId":"70218471","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-22T15:34:53","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":870,"text":"Aquatic Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial ecology of coral-dominated reefs in the Federated States of Micronesia","docAbstract":"Microorganisms are central to the functioning of coral reef ecosystems, but their dynamics are unstudied on most reefs. We examined the microbial ecology of shallow reefs within the Federated States of Micronesia. We surveyed 20 reefs surrounding 7 islands and atolls (Yap, Woleai, Olimarao, Kosrae, Kapingamarangi, Nukuoro, and Pohnpei), spanning 875053 km2. On the reefs, we found consistently higher coral coverage (mean ± SD = 36.9 ± 22.2%; max 77%) compared to macroalgae coverage (15.2 ± 15.5%; max 58%), and low abundances of fish. Reef waters had low inorganic nutrient concentrations and were dominated by Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus, and SAR11 bacteria. The richness of bacterial and archaeal communities was significantly related to interactions between island/atoll and depth. High coral coverage on reefs was linked to higher relative abundances of Flavobacteriaceae, Leisingera, Owenweeksia, Vibrio, and the OM27 clade, as well as other heterotrophic bacterial groups, consistent with communities residing in waters near corals and within coral mucus. Microbial community structure at reef depth was significantly correlated with geographic distance, suggesting that island biogeography influences reef microbial communities. Reefs at Kosrae Island, which hosted the highest coral abundance and diversity, were unique compared to other locations; seawater from Kosrae reefs had the lowest organic carbon (59.8-67.9 µM), highest organic nitrogen (4.5-5.3 µM), and harbored consistent microbial communities (>85% similar), which were dominated by heterotrophic cells. This study suggests that the reef-water microbial ecology on Micronesian reefs is influenced by the density and diversity of corals as well as other biogeographical features.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/ame01961","usgsCitation":"Apprill, A., Holm, H., Santoro, A.E., Becker, C., Neave, M., Hughen, K., Dona, A.R., Aeby, G., Work, T.M., Weber, L., and McNally, S., 2021, Microbial ecology of coral-dominated reefs in the Federated States of Micronesia: Aquatic Microbial Ecology, v. 86, p. 115-136, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01961.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"136","ipdsId":"IP-125456","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01961","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Federated States of Micronesia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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Since 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey and a consortium of local governments have tracked water-quality conditions and trends in several of the area’s water-supply lakes and streams. This report summarizes data collected through this cooperative effort, known as the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, from October 2017 through September 2018 (water year 2018) and from October 2018 through September 2019 (water year 2019). Major findings for this period include the following:
Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive
Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
Shallow nearshore groundwater and estimates of groundwater seepage were collected at 21 locations along the north and south shores of Lake Spokane beginning in October 2016 and ending in October 2019. Nitrate plus nitrite concentrations in nearshore groundwater ranged from <0.04 to 7.60 milligrams of nitrogen per liter. Nearshore groundwater orthophosphate concentrations ranged from <0.004 to 0.381 milligrams of phosphorus per liter, and, overall, there were no consistent seasonal differences in nearshore groundwater nutrients during this study. Nitrate plus nitrite concentrations were highest at sites located adjacent to nearshore development and similar to concentrations in water collected from nearby drinking water wells. Similarly, samples from locations adjacent to nearshore development were statistically greater than samples collected from other locations for orthophosphate concentrations. Dissolved boron concentrations, elevated values of which are an indicator of household-detergent use, were elevated in spring and summer at some locations, indicating that residential wastewater was reaching the lake. Stable isotope ratios of nitrate (15N and 18O), which were used to identify the source nitrate in sampled groundwater, showed that most data indicated a mix of soil nitrogen and nitrogen sources from human or animal waste.
Generally, median groundwater discharge to the lake was low across all sites and seasons, with most values smaller than 1 centimeter per day (cm/d). Similar to the nutrient-concentration data, seasonal patterns in seepage flux were weak, and, where there were seasonal increases in flux, the increased groundwater discharge did not carry increased nutrients. Localized estimates of groundwater seepage flux were scaled up to the entire length of the lakeshore. The median groundwater flux of 0.34 cm/d scaled to 1.9 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) and the maximum recorded seepage flux of 17.6 cm/d was equivalent to 97 ft3/s. These estimates of groundwater inputs are orders of magnitude less than surface water inputs to the lake.
Nutrient loads were determined from the product of groundwater flow and a representative nutrient concentration. Using the median seepage flux of 1.9 ft3/s, the orthophosphate load ranged from 0.7 to 3.8 pounds of phosphorus per day based on the median and maximum orthophosphate concentrations, respectively. For nitrate plus nitrite, loads ranged from 5.8 to 76.6 pounds of nitrogen per day. Using the maximum value of seepage flux, maximum orthophosphate loads ranged from 35 to 198 pounds of phosphorus per day, and maximum nitrate plus nitrite loads ranged from 296 to 3,943 pound of nitrogen per day. Overall, groundwater nutrient loads are small compared to other sources to the lake. Continued monitoring of future nutrient loads would aid decisions by resource managers as infrastructure within the neighboring residential communities continues to age around Lake Spokane.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215023","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Stevens County Conservation District and Spokane County Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Sheibley, R.W., and Foreman, J.R., 2021, Nitrogen and phosphorus loads from groundwater to Lake Spokane, Spokane, Washington, October 2016–October 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5023, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215023.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 34 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119397","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397365,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5023/sir20215023.XML"},{"id":385292,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P95IQ8HH","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water quality and seepage estimates collected at Lake Spokane, Washington, 2016–19."},{"id":385290,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5023/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385291,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5023/sir20215023.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021-5023"},{"id":397364,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5023/images"},{"id":402988,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20215023/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2021-5023"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lake Spokane","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.86407470703125,\n 47.76148371616669\n ],\n [\n -117.50976562499999,\n 47.76148371616669\n ],\n [\n -117.50976562499999,\n 47.91173983456231\n ],\n [\n -117.86407470703125,\n 47.91173983456231\n ],\n [\n -117.86407470703125,\n 47.76148371616669\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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We appreciate the encouraging response to our call for indicators for genetic diversity within the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity, CBD (Laikre et al. 2020; Hoban et al. 2020). In agreement with us, Frankham (2021) highlights the urgent necessity for the CBD to include an indicator that tracks the maintenance of genetic diversity within populations of all species—wild and domestic. Draft CBD Headline indicators (which all CBD Parties will need to report) do not include genetic diversity within populations of wild species (CBD/SBSTTA/24/3Add.1).
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10592-021-01359-w","usgsCitation":"Laikre, L., Hohenlohe, P.A., Allendorf, F.W., Bertola, L.D., Breed, M.F., Bruford, M.W., Funk, W., Gajardo, G., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, A., Grueber, C.E., Hedrick, P.W., Heuertz, M., Hunter, M., Johannesson, K., Liggins, L., MacDonald, A.J., Mergeay, J., Moharrek, F., O’Brien, D., Ogden, R., Orozco-terWengel, P., Palma-Silva, C., Pierson, J., Paz-Vinas, I., Russo, I., Ryman, N., Segelbacher, G., Sjogren-Gulve, P., Waits, L.P., Vernesi, C., and Hoban, S.M., 2021, Authors’ reply to letter to the editor: Continued improvement to genetic diversity indicator for CBD: Conservation Genetics, v. 22, p. 533-536, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-021-01359-w.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"533","endPage":"536","ipdsId":"IP-127679","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-021-01359-w","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laikre, Linda","contributorId":261151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laikre","given":"Linda","affiliations":[{"id":24562,"text":"Stockholm University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hohenlohe, Paul A.","contributorId":46399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hohenlohe","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12708,"text":"Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allendorf, Fred W.","contributorId":124525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allendorf","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5084,"text":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bertola, Laura D.","contributorId":239924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bertola","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":38178,"text":"City College of New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Breed, Martin F","contributorId":261142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breed","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[{"id":52745,"text":"College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bruford, Michael W.","contributorId":190769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruford","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Funk, W. 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P","contributorId":261163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waits","given":"Lisette","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Vernesi, Cristiano","contributorId":239922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vernesi","given":"Cristiano","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48051,"text":"Dept. of Sustainable Agroecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Edmund Mach","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Hoban, Sean M. 0000-0002-0348-8449","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-8449","contributorId":206582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoban","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37343,"text":"The Morton Arboretum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31}]}} ,{"id":70230759,"text":"70230759 - 2021 - Geometric calibration updates to Landsat 7 ETM+ instrument for Landsat Collection 2 products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-25T15:11:53.761629","indexId":"70230759","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-22T10:03:14","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometric calibration updates to Landsat 7 ETM+ instrument for Landsat Collection 2 products","docAbstract":"The Landsat 7 (L7) spacecraft and its instrument, the enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+), have been consistently characterized and calibrated since its launch in April of 1999. These performance metrics and calibration updates are determined through the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat image assessment system (IAS), which has been performing this function since launch. Starting in 2016, the USGS adopted a tiered collection management structure for its Landsat data products that ensures a consistent method of processing for the Landsat archive within a given collection while allowing a set of calibration updates to be performed between any two given collections. The time frame between 2016 and the end of 2020 was part of the Landsat data Collection 1, in the middle of 2020 was the start of the Landsat Collection 2 data products. The start of a given collection initiates the reprocessing of the Landsat archive, which may involve one or more of a set of updated calibration parameters, improvements in the support data needed for product generation, and improved algorithms used in both the processing flow of products along with the characterization and calibration of the Landsat instruments and spacecraft. This paper discusses only the ETM+ geometric spacecraft and instrument calibration improvements for Collection 2. Three ETM+ calibration updates were made for the ETM+; updates to the thermal band odd-to-even detector alignment, sensor to attitude control system (ACS) alignment, and a cold-to-warm focal plane alignment adjustment. The sensor alignment updates impact only the accuracy of the systematic terrain products (L1GT), which are the products generated before applying any corrections based on the ground control used in registration. The band alignment changes impacted only bands 5, 6, and 7 within the focal plane. Other geometric calibration updates, such as scan mirror alignment, are done on a routine basis and are not part of the Collection 2 updates due to their more dynamic characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs13091638","usgsCitation":"Choate, M., Rengarajan, R., Storey, J.C., and Lubke, M., 2021, Geometric calibration updates to Landsat 7 ETM+ instrument for Landsat Collection 2 products: Remote Sensing, v. 13, no. 9, 1638, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091638.","productDescription":"1638, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128282","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091638","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":399585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choate, Mike 0000-0002-8101-4994 choate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-4994","contributorId":4618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"Mike","email":"choate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rengarajan, Rajagopalan 0000-0003-1860-7110 rrengarajan@contractor.usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-7110","contributorId":192376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rengarajan","given":"Rajagopalan","email":"rrengarajan@contractor.usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40546,"text":"KBR, Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":841296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storey, James C. 0000-0002-6664-7232 storey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7232","contributorId":5333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storey","given":"James","email":"storey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lubke, Mark 0000-0002-7257-2337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7257-2337","contributorId":261911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lubke","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":53079,"text":"KBR, contractor to U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220269,"text":"70220269 - 2021 - Priority species lists to restore desert tortoise and pollinator habitats in Mojave Desert shrublands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T12:26:08.854146","indexId":"70220269","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-22T07:22:25","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Priority species lists to restore desert tortoise and pollinator habitats in Mojave Desert shrublands","docAbstract":"Mojave Desert shrublands are home to unique plants and wildlife and are experiencing rapid habitat change due to unprecedented large-scale disturbances; yet, established practices to effectively restore disturbed landscapes are not well developed. A priority species list of native plant taxa was developed to guide seed collectors, commercial growers, resource managers, and restoration practitioners in support of the Bureau of Land Management's Mojave Desert Native Plant Program. We identify focal plant taxa that are important for habitats of the threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), a widely distributed herbivore in low and middle elevations, and pollinator taxa, including mostly Lepidopterans and Apoidean bees, some of whose populations are in decline. We identified 201 unique plant taxa in the diets of tortoises, and 49 taxa that provide thermal cover for tortoises with some overlapping taxa that provide both diet and cover. We discuss 134 native pollinators associated with plants used for nectaring, larval hosts, or cover and nesting materials. Detailed plant species accounts describing the status-of-knowledge for 57 plant taxonomic groups including detailed information on life history, ecology, and pollinator syndrome relevant to restoration success, methods of seed harvesting, propagation, and historical use in restoration. Our approach for developing a priority plant species list for the Mojave Desert provides a data-guided listing of species for restoration practitioners and identifies knowledge gaps for future investigation.
A full three-dimensional (3D) potential field model of the central and southern Bushveld Complex reveals information about the Complex in areas obscured by younger geological cover. Previously, two-dimensional gravity models and a few magnetic models limited to certain sections of the Bushveld Complex have been used to propose geometries for the Rustenburg Layered Suite, especially in the western and eastern lobes. These models were often used to support different emplacement models. Although these models provided valuable information, two-and-a-half-dimensional (2.5D) potential field modelling is not well suited to modelling complex 3D geology. Also, in most cases, only the magnetic or gravity data were modelled, but jointly modelling both data sets better constrains the results, as was shown recently for a 3D model of the northern lobe. Joint 3D modelling of regional gravity and magnetic data combined with published crustal thickness models derived from broadband seismic tomography studies and constrained by density and susceptibility data, geologic mapping, boreholes and seismic reflection data were used to create a 3D model of the central and southeastern sections of the Bushveld Complex, as well as the southern part of the northern lobe. The model shows a complex geometry with thick continuous Rustenburg Layered Suite S in most of the western and southeastern lobes, but less continuous Rustenburg Layered Suite in the eastern lobe. Large domes or thick granites and granophyre in the latter interrupt the continuity of the Rustenburg Layered Suite and the western and eastern lobes are strictly speaking only partially connected in places. However, they are not separate intrusions, but one disconnected by pre-existing and synmagmatic updoming. Three possible feeders were modelled in the northern, western, and south-eastern lobes.
Bumble bees, Bombus spp. (Apidae), are important native pollinators; however, populations of some species are declining in North America and agricultural chemicals are a potential cause. Fungicides are generally not highly toxic to bees, but little is known about sublethal or synergistic effects. This study evaluates bumble bee exposure to fungicides by quantifying concentrations of boscalid and pyraclostrobin in nectar and pollen collected by colonies of Bombus huntii Greene, 1860 (Hunt bumble bee) deployed in a commercial cherry Prunus avium L. orchard in the spring of 2016. Seven colonies were placed adjacent to an orchard block that was sprayed with a fungicide mixture of boscalid and pyraclostrobin and a control group of seven colonies was placed next to an unsprayed block of orchard 400 m away from the treated block. Nectar and pollen were collected daily, beginning 1 d before spray application and continuing for a total of 12 d, and analyzed for both fungicides. Fungicide concentrations varied spatially by colony and temporally by day. The highest concentrations in nectar occurred 1 and 3 d after spraying: up to 440 ng/g boscalid and 240 ng/g pyraclostrobin. Six days after application, pollen from cherry flowers contained the highest concentrations of the fungicides: up to 60,500 ng/g boscalid and 32,000 ng/g pyraclostrobin. These data can help to determine field-level fungicide concentrations in nectar and pollen and direct future work on understanding the effects of these compounds, including their interactions with important bumble bee pathogenic and beneficial symbionts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Journals","doi":"10.1093/jee/toab051","usgsCitation":"Kuivila, K., Judd, H., Hladik, M.L., and Strange, J.P., 2021, Field-level exposure of bumble bees to fungicides applied to a commercial cherry orchard: Journal of Economic Entomology, v. 114, no. 3, p. 1065-1071, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab051.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1065","endPage":"1071","ipdsId":"IP-122268","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-7940-489X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":260408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Judd, Houston","contributorId":260410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Judd","given":"Houston","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hladik, Michelle L. 0000-0002-0891-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":205314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strange, James P.","contributorId":224183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strange","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36589,"text":"USDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228529,"text":"70228529 - 2021 - Annual winter water-level drawdowns influence physical habitat structure and macrophytes in Massachusetts, USA, lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T11:59:58.764655","indexId":"70228529","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-21T13:27:15","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual winter water-level drawdowns influence physical habitat structure and macrophytes in Massachusetts, USA, lakes","docAbstract":"Annual wintertime water-level drawdowns are a common management strategy in recreational lakes; however, few studies have estimated their relative impact on lake littoral habitat among a set of typically co-occurring anthropogenic stressors including lakeshore development and herbicide application. Within 21 Massachusetts, USA lakes that represented a drawdown magnitude gradient (0.07–2.26 m), we assessed depth-specific littoral habitat (coarse wood, sediment, macrophytes) at two sites adjacent to forested or developed shorelines. Using generalized linear mixed models, we found coarse wood abundance and branching complexity was not correlated with drawdown magnitude but was primarily explained by the presence of lakeshore development. Drawdown magnitude was negatively correlated with silt cover and positively correlated with coarse substrate cover, with effects further varying by depth (0.5 m vs. 1 m). Macrophyte biomass and biovolume were negatively correlated with drawdown magnitude with effects also varying by depth for biomass. Macrophyte taxa with annual longevity strategies (e.g., Najas flexilis) and amphibious growth forms increased in biomass proportions with drawdown magnitude. Distance-based redundancy analyses suggested macrophyte taxa composition was driven by drawdown magnitude, coarse substrate, alkalinity, water transparency, and herbicide use. These results suggest the importance of water quality and depth on macrophyte assemblage responses to winter drawdowns and the potential to develop drawdown-tolerant macrophyte assemblages. Altogether, understanding the unique impacts of anthropogenic stressors on littoral zone habitat across heterogeneous environmental lake conditions can help minimize impacts to lake ecological integrity while maintaining recreational value.
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\"}}]}","volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carmignani, Jason R.","contributorId":276066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carmignani","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227154,"text":"70227154 - 2021 - Groundwater residence time estimates obscured by anthropogenic carbonate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T16:22:58.74868","indexId":"70227154","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-21T10:09:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater residence time estimates obscured by anthropogenic carbonate","docAbstract":"Groundwater is an important source of drinking and irrigation water. Dating groundwater informs its vulnerability to contamination and aids in calibrating flow models. Here, we report measurements of multiple age tracers (14C, 3H, 39Ar, and 85Kr) and parameters relevant to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from 17 wells in California’s San Joaquin Valley (SJV), an agricultural region that is heavily reliant on groundwater. We find evidence for a major mid-20th century shift in groundwater DIC input from mostly closed- to mostly open-system carbonate dissolution, which we suggest is driven by input of anthropogenic carbonate soil amendments. Crucially, enhanced open-system dissolution, in which DIC equilibrates with soil CO2, fundamentally affects the initial 14C activity of recently recharged groundwater. Conventional 14C dating of deeper SJV groundwater, assuming an open system, substantially overestimates residence time and thereby underestimates susceptibility to modern contamination. Because carbonate soil amendments are ubiquitous, other groundwater-reliant agricultural regions may be similarly affected.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.abf3503","usgsCitation":"Seltzer, A., Bekaert, D., Barry, P.H., Durkin, K., Mace, E., Aaselth, C.E., Zappala, J., Mueller, P., Jurgens, B., and Kulongoski, J.T., 2021, Groundwater residence time estimates obscured by anthropogenic carbonate: Science Advances, v. 7, no. 17, eabf3503, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf3503.","productDescription":"eabf3503, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119391","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf3503","text":"External Repository"},{"id":393748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Dr.
Lawrence, KS 66049