No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Reeves, R., and Ozuna, G., 1986, Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1983-84, with 1934-84 summary: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 43-44, 235 p.","productDescription":"235 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6aef2e4b0f2f0cebe462c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, R.D.","contributorId":95043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ozuna, G. B.","contributorId":25205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozuna","given":"G. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186874,"text":"70186874 - 1986 - Research on polar bears in Alaska, 1983-1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-12T13:29:37","indexId":"70186874","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Research on polar bears in Alaska, 1983-1985","docAbstract":"Research on the ecology and status of polar bear populations in Alaska has continued since 1967. Research was a joint U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/Alaska Department of Fish and Game effort until passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act in 1972, and has been largely a Federal effort since then. In 1985, Alaskan polar beer research continues to be carried out by the Research Division of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (DOI). A recent reorganization removed authority for ecological research in Alaska from the Denver Wildlife Research Center, and vested it with the newly created Alaska Office of Fish and Wildlife Research. This new research office is the center for Federal fish and Wildlife related research throughout the state of Alaska and in its coastal waters.
Although the responsibility for polar bear research lies with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, numerous other organizations and agencies deserve mention for their cooperation and support of the ongoing research. These include: the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (DOC), The U.S. Minerals Management Service (DOI), The Canadian Wildlife Service, The Northwest Territories Wildlife Service, the Yukon Wildlife Service, Dome Petroleum Ltd, Gulf Canada, and the Alaska Department of Fish and game.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar bears: Proceedings of the ninth working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"9th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group","conferenceDate":"August 9-11, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Edmonton, AB","language":"English","publisher":"IUCN","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, UK","isbn":"2-88032-308-8","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., 1986, Research on polar bears in Alaska, 1983-1985, in Polar bears: Proceedings of the ninth working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, Edmonton, AB, August 9-11, 1985, p. 85-115.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"115","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339617,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/5857"},{"id":339618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ef3dade4b0eed1ab8e3bee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187308,"text":"70187308 - 1986 - Alaska goose populations: Past, present and future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T15:30:29","indexId":"70187308","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5322,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","printIssn":"0078-1355","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Alaska goose populations: Past, present and future","docAbstract":"Many people think Alaska remains a pristine wilderness and that wildlife populations are still at prehistoric levels. This very likely is not true for the 11 species and subspecies of geese that nest in Alaska. Large, widely dispersed populations of geese were observed near the turn of the century. Even in the early 1970s, it was estimated that Alaskan habitats were used by 915,000 nesting and 100,000 additional migrating geese each year (King and Lensink 1971). Since then the Alaskan populations of most of these species have declined, some to dramatically low levels (Raveling 1984), even though habitats within the state have remained largely unaltered by man.
The U.S. has treaties with Canada, Mexico, Japan and the Soviet Union to protect geese and other shared migratory birds, confirming international concern for the welfare of this resource. Cooperative research on Alaskan geese during the past several decades has given understanding of their migration corridors, staging and wintering habitats, and the principle places where they are hunted, thereby providing information needed to develop effective management plans. The only attempt to re-introduce geese in Alaska has been in the Aleutian Islands. Other opportunities exist.
It is our intent here to: (1) review the historic and current status and important habitats of geese that occur in Alaska; (2) identify existing and potential threats to these populations; and (3) offer alternative management approaches for geese in Alaska.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the fifty-first North American wildlife and natural resources conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fifty-first North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference; Resource Management: First Line of National Defense","conferenceDate":"March 21-26, 1986","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"King, J.G., and Derksen, D.V., 1986, Alaska goose populations: Past, present and future, in Transactions of the fifty-first North American wildlife and natural resources conference, v. 51, Reno, NV, March 21-26, 1986, p. 464-479.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"464","endPage":"479","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5903033ae4b0e862d230f80e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, James G.","contributorId":191496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2000736,"text":"2000736 - 1986 - Experimentally, whirling disease infectivity survives but for a few days","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:58","indexId":"2000736","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"86-40","title":"Experimentally, whirling disease infectivity survives but for a few days","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"86-038/FH","usgsCitation":"Markiw, M., 1986, Experimentally, whirling disease infectivity survives but for a few days: Research Information Bulletin 86-40, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8e40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markiw, M.E.","contributorId":44865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markiw","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28149,"text":"wri854068 - 1986 - Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T21:11:33.502893","indexId":"wri854068","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4068","title":"Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"A 5-year, data-collection and modeling study was conducted on Pheasant Branch basin in and near Middleton, Wisconsin. The objectives of the study were to: (1) describe the streamflow characteristics, sediment transport, and stream-channel morphology in the Pheasant Branch basin; and (2) relate the above factors to changes caused by urbanization and project the effect of urbanization on the hydrology and channel morphology of the study area.
\n\n
Streamflow data were collected at five sites for 4 years in the basin to defme present streamflow conditions. Suspended-sediment data also were collected at these sites. In addition, periodic surveys of monumented channel cross sections were made and compared with a survey from an earlier study to document changes in the channel over a period of 10 years.
\nThe suspended-sediment data show a decrease in suspended-sediment load through the fully urbanized reach of the stream in 3 of the 4 years studied. This corresponds with the slight net decrease in cross-section area in this reach for the same period. Possible explanations for the decrease in suspended-sediment loads through this reach include (1) sediment being trapped at the five drop structures and the Park Street erosion-control structure and (2) sediment being deposited in overbank areas throughout the reach. Farther downstream, the suspended-sediment load decreased through the Pheasant Branch marsh during a year of high flow but increased through the marsh in 2 of the 3 years for which complete data are available. The marsh is not acting as a net sediment trap in some years.
\nA rainfall-runoff model was calibrated and verified for the basin upstream from U.S. Highway 12. This model was used to simulate 68 years of summer flood hydrographs for three conditions: Current land use, projected urban development, and complete urban development of all lands in the basin. Analysis of simulated flood flows indicates that projected urban development would double the mean annual flood peaks at U.S. Highway 12. Complete development of the basin would increase the mean annual flood peak by a factor of 2.4.
\nFrom 1971 to 1977, the mean streambed elevation lowered by almost 2 feet, and the mean channel width increased by more than 35 percent in the reach downstream from the fully urbanized part of the basin. In other reaches, the mean streambed elevation lowered by more than a foot. Changes in channel cross sections after 1977 were smaller.
\nIncreases in flood flow would tend to enlarge the channel. An increase in the mean annual flood by a factor of 2. 0 to 2.4 will cause a 40 to 50 percent increase in channel width and a 30 to 40 percent increase in channel depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey and the City of Middleton","usgsCitation":"Krug, W., and Goddard, G.L., 1986, Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4068, vi, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854068.","productDescription":"vi, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415474,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36247.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123391,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56979,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Middleton","otherGeospatial":"Pheasant Branch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.589,\n 43.049\n ],\n [\n -89.589,\n 43.16\n ],\n [\n -89.469,\n 43.16\n ],\n [\n -89.469,\n 43.049\n ],\n [\n -89.589,\n 43.049\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fd46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krug, W.R.","contributorId":23147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krug","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goddard, G. L.","contributorId":10442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015078,"text":"70015078 - 1986 - Evaluation of gas data from high-temperature fumaroles at Mount St. Helens, 1980-1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015078","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of gas data from high-temperature fumaroles at Mount St. Helens, 1980-1982","docAbstract":"The Mount St. Helens fumarole gases show linear composition trends during periods of noneruptive degassing between September 1980 and October 1981. The trends are characterized by increasing H2O and decreasing CO2 and sulfur. Maximum fumarole temperatures also show a linear decrease during this period. High-temperature fumarole gases collected from the crater and dome between September 1980 and July 1982 are all H2O-rich (> 90%) with 1-10% CO2 and small amounts of H2S, SO2, H2, CO, HC, and HF. Trace amounts of COS and S2 are present, and occasional observations of minor CH4 appear to result from contamination or low-temperature reactions in sample vessels. The O2 fugacities of the gases remain near Ni-NiO during cooling. The low sulfur content of the gases obviates the need for extensive gas-rock oxygen exchange to maintain fO2's near Ni-NiO. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of 50 gas samples collected between September 1980 and December 1981 led to improved compositions for 22 samples. The gases were initially in a state of equilibrium, but disequilibrium modifications from atmospheric oxidation of H2 and, to a lesser extent, CO occurred within the upper portions of the fumarole vents. The last temperatures of equilibrium for the fumarole gases range from 800??C to 650??C and are nearly always higher than the collection temperatures. No evidence was found of disequilibrium admixture of surface waters; if such modifications of the fumarole gases occurred, the water must have been added at depth and have reequilibrated with the other gas species at magmatic or near-magmatic temperatures. The highest quality analytical data are obtained by field gas chromatograph measurements and from caustic soda bottle samples. Samples collected in evacuated bottles or by pumping through double stopcock tubes tend to be severely deficient in sulfur due to post-collection reactions between H2S and SO2. It is also necessary to infer the water content of the latter samples. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Gerlach, T., and Casadevall, T.J., 1986, Evaluation of gas data from high-temperature fumaroles at Mount St. Helens, 1980-1982: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 28, no. 1-2, p. 107-140.","startPage":"107","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c77e4b0c8380cd52b6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015035,"text":"70015035 - 1986 - The solubility of BaCO3(cr) (witherite) in CO2-H2O solutions between 0 and 90°C, evaluation of the association constants of BaHCO3+(aq) and BaCO30(aq) between 5 and 80°C, and a preliminary evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of Ba2+(aq)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:07:51","indexId":"70015035","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The solubility of BaCO3(cr) (witherite) in CO2-H2O solutions between 0 and 90°C, evaluation of the association constants of BaHCO3+(aq) and BaCO30(aq) between 5 and 80°C, and a preliminary evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of Ba2+(aq)","docAbstract":"One hundred and fifty new measurements of the solubility of witherite were used to evaluate the equilibrium constant of the reaction BaCO3(cr) = Ba2+(aq) + CO32−(aq) between 0 and 90°C and 1 atm total pressure. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant is given by logK = 607.642 + 0.121098T − 20011.25/T − 236.4948 logT where T is in degrees Kelvin. The logK of BaCO3(cr), the Gibbs energy, the enthalpy and entropy of the reaction at 298.15 K are −8.562, 48.87 kJ · mol−1, 2.94 kJ · mol−1and −154.0 J · mol−1 · K−1, respectively. The equilibrium constants are consistent with an aqueous model that includes the ion pairs BaHCO3+(aq) and BaCO30(aq) Three different methods were used to evaluate the association constant of BaHCO3+(aq), and all yielded similar results. The temperature dependence of the association constant for the reaction Ba2+(aq) + HCO3−(aq) = BaHCO3+(aq) is given by logKBaHCO3+ = −3.0938 + 0.013669T.
\nThe log of the association constant, the Gibbs energy, the enthalpy and entropy of the reaction at 298.15°K are 0.982, −5.606 kJ · mol−1, 23.26 kJ · mol−1 and 96.8 J · mol−1 · K−1, respectively. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant for the reaction Ba2+(aq) + CO2−3(aq) = BaCO03(aq) is given bylogKBaCO30 = 0.113 + 0.008721T.
\nThe log of the association constant, the Gibbs energy, the enthalpy and entropy of the reaction at 298.15° K are 2.71, −15.49 kJ · mol−1, 14.84 kJ · mol−1 and 101.7 J· mol−1 · K−1.
\nThe above model leads to reliable calculations of the aqueous speciation and solubility of witherite in the system BaCO3-CO2-H2O from 0 to more than 90°C. Literature data on witherite solubility were re-evaluated and compared with the results of this study.
\nProblems in the thennodynamic selections of Ba compounds are considered. Newer data require the revision of ΔfH° and ΔfG° of Ba2+(aq) to −532.5 and −555.36 kJ · mol−1, respectively, for agreement with solubility data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(86)90077-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Busenberg, E., and Plummer, N., 1986, The solubility of BaCO3(cr) (witherite) in CO2-H2O solutions between 0 and 90°C, evaluation of the association constants of BaHCO3+(aq) and BaCO30(aq) between 5 and 80°C, and a preliminary evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of Ba2+(aq): Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, no. 10, p. 2225-2233, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90077-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2225","endPage":"2233","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb040e4b08c986b324d2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014677,"text":"70014677 - 1986 - Inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T16:07:56.371743","indexId":"70014677","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2155,"text":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc","docAbstract":"An inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometric method is described for the determination of six elements in a variety of geological materials. Sixteen reference materials are analysed by this technique to demonstrate its use in geochemical exploration. Samples are decomposed with nitric, hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids, and the residue dissolved in hydrochloric acid and diluted to volume. The elements are determined in two groups based on compatibility of instrument operating conditions and consideration of crustal abundance levels. Cadmium, Cu, Pb and Zn are determined as a group in the 50-ml sample solution under one set of instrument conditions with the use of scatter correction. Limitations of the scatter correction technique used with the fluorescence instrument are discussed. Iron and Mn are determined together using another set of instrumental conditions on a 1-50 dilution of the sample solution without the use of scatter correction. The ranges of concentration (??g g-1) of these elements in the sample that can be determined are: Cd, 0.3-500; Cu, 0.4-500; Fe, 85-250 000; Mn, 45-100 000; Pb, 5-10 000; and Zn, 0.4-300. The precision of the method is usually less than 5% relative standard deviation (RSD) over a wide concentration range and acceptable accuracy is shown by the agreement between values obtained and those recommended for the reference materials.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/JA9860100343","issn":"02679477","usgsCitation":"Sanzolone, R.F., 1986, Inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 1, no. 5, p. 343-347, https://doi.org/10.1039/JA9860100343.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"347","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226102,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ab5e4b0c8380cd61ed6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014841,"text":"70014841 - 1986 - Image mapping with the Thematic Mapper.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70014841","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Image mapping with the Thematic Mapper.","docAbstract":"This paper deals principally with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image maps as published by the US Geological Survey (USGS). Landsat data have certain characteristics that make them suitable for conversion into image maps. These characteristics involve 1) spatial resolution, 2) geometric fidelity, and 3) spectral response. This paper analyzes the three mentioned characteristics and discusses the processes involved in producing TM image maps.-from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A., 1986, Image mapping with the Thematic Mapper.: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 52, no. 9, p. 1499-1505.","startPage":"1499","endPage":"1505","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3878e4b0c8380cd6159e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvocoresses, A. P.","contributorId":82703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014490,"text":"70014490 - 1986 - Vegetation, climatic and floral changes at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014490","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation, climatic and floral changes at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary","docAbstract":"he western interior of North America has the only known non-marine sections that contain the iridium-rich clay interpreted as the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary1-7. Because vegetation and climate can be directly inferred from physiognomy of leaves8-15 and because leaf species typically represent low taxonomic categories, studies of leaf floras in these sections provide data on the effects of a terminal Cretaceous event on the land flora, vegetation and climate. A previous study based on detailed sampling of leaves and their dispersed cuticle16 in the Raton Basin provides a framework for interpretation of other leaf sequences over 20 degrees of latitude. We conclude that at the boundary there were: (1) High levels of extinction in the south and low levels in the north; (2) major ecological disruption followed by long-term vegetational changes that mimicked normal ecological succession; (3) a major increase in precipitation; and (4) a brief, low-temperature excursion, which supports models of an 'impact winter'. ?? 1986 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/324148a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, J.A., and Upchurch, G., 1986, Vegetation, climatic and floral changes at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Nature, v. 324, no. 6093, p. 148-152, https://doi.org/10.1038/324148a0.","startPage":"148","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/324148a0"},{"id":225317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"324","issue":"6093","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1e9e4b08c986b32a807","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, J. A.","contributorId":14026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Upchurch, G.R. Jr.","contributorId":70546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upchurch","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014671,"text":"70014671 - 1986 - Akermanite: phase transitions in heat capacity and thermal expansion, and revised thermodynamic data.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014671","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Akermanite: phase transitions in heat capacity and thermal expansion, and revised thermodynamic data.","docAbstract":"A small but sharp anomaly in the heat capacity of akermanite at 357.9 K, and a discontinuity in its thermal expansion at 693 K, as determined by XRD, have been found. The enthalpy and entropy assigned to the heat-capacity anomaly, for the purpose of tabulation, are 679 J/mol and 1.9 J/(mol.K), respectively. They were determined from the difference between the measured values of the heat capacity in the T interval 320-365 K and that obtained from an equation which fits the heat-capacity and heat-content data for akermanite from 290 to 1731 K. Heat-capacity measurements are reported for the T range from 9 to 995 K. The entropy and enthalpy of formation of akermanite at 298.15 K and 1 bar are 212.5 + or - 0.4 J/(mol.K) and -3864.5 + or - 4.0 kJ/mol, respectively. Weak satellite reflections have been observed in hk0 single-crystal X-ray precession photographs and electron-diffraction patterns of this material at room T. With in situ heating by TEM, the satellite reflections decreased significantly in intensity above 358 K and disappeared at about 580 K and, on cooling, reappeared. These observations suggest that the anomalies in the thermal behaviour of akermanite are associated with local displacements of Ca ions from the mirror plane (space group P421m) and accompanying distortion of the MgSi2O7 framework.-L.C.C.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Hemingway, B.S., Evans, H.T., Nord, G.L., Haselton, H., Robie, R.A., and McGee, J.J., 1986, Akermanite: phase transitions in heat capacity and thermal expansion, and revised thermodynamic data.: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 24, no. 3, p. 425-434.","startPage":"425","endPage":"434","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e92be4b0c8380cd48136","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, H. T. Jr.","contributorId":41859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nord, Gordon L. Jr.","contributorId":12498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nord","given":"Gordon","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haselton, H.T. Jr.","contributorId":83520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haselton","given":"H.T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGee, J. J.","contributorId":92271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70014667,"text":"70014667 - 1986 - A coefficient of agreement as a measure of thematic classification accuracy.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014667","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A coefficient of agreement as a measure of thematic classification accuracy.","docAbstract":"The classification error matrix typically contains tabulated results of accuracy evaluation for a thematic classification, such as a land-use and land-cover map. Diagonal elements of the matrix represent counts correct. The usual designation of classification accuracy has been total percent correct. Nondiagonal elements of the matrix have usually been neglected. A coefficient of agreement is determined for the interpreted map as a whole, and individually for each interpreted category. These coefficients utilize all cell values in the matrix.-from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rosenfield, G., and Fitzpatrick-Lins, K., 1986, A coefficient of agreement as a measure of thematic classification accuracy.: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 52, no. 2, p. 223-227.","startPage":"223","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e348e4b0c8380cd45f2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenfield, G.H.","contributorId":94670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenfield","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick-Lins, K.","contributorId":78480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick-Lins","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014660,"text":"70014660 - 1986 - Structure of the North American Atlantic Continental Margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T16:32:06.716782","indexId":"70014660","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2307,"text":"Journal of Geological Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the North American Atlantic Continental Margin","docAbstract":"The use of multichannel seismic-reflection profiles to study oceanic areas has advanced our understanding of deep crustal structure and the history of its development. Off eastern North America, where the structure of the continental margin is essentially constructional, seismic profiles have approximated geologic cross sections up to 10–15 km below the sea floor and revealed major structural and stratigraphic features that have regional hydrocarbon potential. These features include (a) a block-faulted basement hinge zone; (b) a deep, broad, rifted basement filled with clastic sediment and salt; and (c) a buried paleoshelf-edge complex that has many forms. The mapping of seismo-stratigraphic units over the continental shelf, slope, and rise has shown that the margin's developmental state included infilling of a rifted margin, buildup of a carbonate platform, and construction of an onlapping continental-rise wedge that was accompanied by eroison of the slope.
Correlation of seismic stratigraphy with well-log biostratigraphy reveals that the area experienced a gradual rise in sea level during the Mesozoic and an episodic sea-level fall during the Cenozoic. These long-term changes formed a subdued continental shelf-slope-rise transition in the early Tertiary and a steepened one in the Quaternary. Comparison of seismic and drill-hole data has also shown margin-wide unconformities similar to those shown by the Vail curve of coastal onlap and eustatic sea-level change, i.e., unconformities that provide markers to subdivide the sequences of reflections on the seismic-reflection profiles. Further, the termination of older key reflectors against oceanic basement gives us a corroborative check on the age of oceanic crust as determined from the magnetic anomalies produced by sea-floor-spreading.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.5408/0022-1368-34.2.72","issn":"00221368","usgsCitation":"Schlee, J.S., and Klitgord, K., 1986, Structure of the North American Atlantic Continental Margin: Journal of Geological Education, v. 34, no. 2, p. 72-89, https://doi.org/10.5408/0022-1368-34.2.72.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480141,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5408/0022-1368-34.2.72","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c5ee4b08c986b31d3c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlee, J. S.","contributorId":68337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, K.K.","contributorId":41152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"K.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014688,"text":"70014688 - 1986 - Evolution of the Coast batholith along the Skagway Traverse, Alaska and British Columbia.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014688","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of the Coast batholith along the Skagway Traverse, Alaska and British Columbia.","docAbstract":"Reconnaissance geological mapping of a strip 10-15 km wide across the Coast batholith from Haines to Skagway to the vicinity of Log Cabin was performed. The petrography, major- and minor-element chemistry, geochronology (using the U/Pb method on zircons), and initial ratios of 87Sr/86Sr of a suite of representative samples from each major unit are reported.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Barker, F., Arth, J.G., and Stern, T.W., 1986, Evolution of the Coast batholith along the Skagway Traverse, Alaska and British Columbia.: American Mineralogist, v. 71, no. 3-4, p. 632-643.","startPage":"632","endPage":"643","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d88e4b0c8380cd53088","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, F.","contributorId":101368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arth, Joseph G.","contributorId":104546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arth","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stern, T. W.","contributorId":36122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007531,"text":"1007531 - 1986 - Natural fire management in national parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T16:00:09.915815","indexId":"1007531","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural fire management in national parks","docAbstract":"An evolving understanding of ecological processes, together with ambiguities in National Park Service policy, have led to multiple interpretations of the role of management in our large natural area National Parks. National Park Service management policies must be dynamic and responsive to changes in scientific knowledge and societal values. We propose that the principal aim of NPS resource management in natural areas is the unimpeded interaction of native ecosystem processes and structural elements. The case of the changing role of natural fire management is used as an example in developing this rationale.
Experimental studies were conducted at elevated pressures and temperatures on the combined solubilities of iron, zinc, and lead sulfides in chloride solutions buffered in pH by a silicate assemblage of quartz monzonite composition plus added muscovite, and buffered in/s2 and/o2 by the assemblage pyrite-pyrrhotite-magnetite. Major controls on base metal concentration are temperature, total chloride, and pressure. Higher temperature and higher chloride concentration favor higher metal solubilities as expected, but the pressure effect is opposite to that generally expected and is of considerable importance to the problem of ore mineral transport. At 500 °C, 0.5 kbar, and 1 m total chloride, Fe, Zn, and Pb solubilities were 8500, 4300, and 8700 ppm, respectively, whereas at 1 kbar they were 4200, 2400, and 2600 ppm, and at 2 kbar, 1700, 800, and 1200 ppm. The experimental results thus indicate that the metals could be carried over long distances on a decreasing pressure gradient so long as the temperature decreases were not sufficient to significantly offset the pressure effect. Such a condition could be approximated by a near-adiabatic transport cooling path. Such a condition is probably common geologically, especially for hydrothermal processes involving fairly deep-seated sources of heat and mineral components.
Teleseismic P wave travel time residuals are used to detect lateral velocity heterogeneities in the upper mantle beneath Washington and northern Oregon. The results of an inversion for three-dimensional velocity variations resolves an east dipping high-velocity zone that we interpret as the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. The plate is characterized by 3–8% higher velocities than those in the surrounding upper mantle. Inversion of the travel time data and ray trace modeling indicate that the plate extends to a depth of 200–300 km. The plate dips at a moderate angle of 45° to the east-northeast beneath the central Washington Cascade Range north of Mount Rainier, with 5% faster velocities than the surrounding upper mantle. Beneath the North Cascade Range of Washington, the plate strikes to the northwest and has 6–8% faster velocities than the upper mantle to the west. South of 47°N, beneath the Cascade Range in southern Washington and northern Oregon, the plate dips steeply to the east and has 3–4% faster velocities than the surrounding upper mantle. Based on changes in the geometry and velocity structure of the subducted Juan de Fuca plate east of about 123°W, we propose that the subducted slab is segmented into three sections beneath Washington and northern Oregon.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB02p02077","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Michaelson, C.A., and Weaver, C., 1986, Upper mantle structure from teleseismic P wave arrivals in Washington and northern Oregon: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B2, p. 2077-2094, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB02p02077.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2077","endPage":"2094","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd5ae4b08c986b328fa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michaelson, C. A.","contributorId":50900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, C.S.","contributorId":57874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015057,"text":"70015057 - 1986 - Migration of volcanism in the San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T01:19:09.32694","indexId":"70015057","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration of volcanism in the San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona","docAbstract":"The remanent magnetization of volcanic rocks has been determined at 650 sites in the San Francisco volcanic field in the southern part of the Colorado Plateau. The polarity of remanent magnetization—combined with K-Ar age determinations, spatial and petrographic associations, stratigraphic relations, and state of preservation of the cinder cones—provides a basis for assignment to known magnetic polarity epochs of 610 mafic vents and >100 intermediate to silicic flows, flow sequences, and vents. The age assignments for basaltic rocks include 243 Brunhes (<0.73 Ma) vents, 220 Matuyama (0.73 to 2.48 Ma) vents, and 147 pre-Matuyama (2.48 to about 5.0 Ma) vents. Basaltic volcanism migrated northeastward before Matuyama time at a rate of ∼1.2 cm/yr and eastward (S87° ± 5°E) over the past 2.5 m.y. at a rate of 2.9 ± 0.3 cm/yr. Concomitant acceleration in total magma production (from 75 to 1,400 × 10−6 km3/yr) and frequency of basaltic eruptions (from 1 per 17,000 yr to 1 per 3,000 yr) occurred between 5 and 0.25 Ma. For the past 0.25 m.y., magma production (∼180 × 10−6 km3/yr) and perhaps eruption frequency have decreased. This evolutionary sequence, coupled with the lead and strontium-isotopic composition of the rocks, can be explained by magmatism caused by shear heating at the base of the lithosphere. We propose that this eastward drift of volcanic activity represents absolute westward motion of the North American plate. Our model is in agreement with a model in which the African plate is fixed to the deep mantle.
Previous broad band measurements of the spectral reflectance of leaves indicate variations in spectral emissivity that, although small, might be detected with current airborne thermal infrared imaging systems. Preliminary high spectral resolution measurements of the spectral reflectance of leaves of four different species reported here show a different spectral response for each species. These data suggest that species discrimination using remote sensing data in the thermal infrared may be feasible, and raise the possibility that other factors that might affect leaf surface composition and spectral response, such as metal stress, might also be detected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431168608948981","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Salisbury, J., 1986, Preliminary measurements of leaf spectral reflectance in the 8-14 μm region: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 7, no. 12, p. 1879-1886, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168608948981.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1879","endPage":"1886","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225316,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8920e4b0c8380cd7dcbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salisbury, J.W.","contributorId":78352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salisbury","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014495,"text":"70014495 - 1986 - Management of the life and death of an earth-science database: some examples from geotherm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:37:53","indexId":"70014495","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management of the life and death of an earth-science database: some examples from geotherm","docAbstract":"Productive earth-science databases require managers who are familiar with and skilled at using available software developed specifically for database management. There also should be a primary user with a clearly understood mission. The geologic phenomenon addressed by the database must be sufficiently understood, and adequate appropriate data must be available to construct a useful database. The database manager, in concert with the primary user, must ensure that data of adequate quality are available in the database, as well as prepare for mechanisms of releasing the data when the database is terminated. The primary user needs to be held accountable along with the database manager to ensure that a useful database will be created. Quality of data and maintenance of database relevancy to the user's mission are important issues during the database's lifetime. Products prepared at termination may be used more than the operational database and thus are of critical importance. These concepts are based, in part, on both the shortcomings and successes of GEOTHERM, a comprehensive system of databases and software used to store, locate, and evaluate the geology, geochemistry, and hydrology of geothermal systems. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(86)90006-3","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Bliss, J.D., 1986, Management of the life and death of an earth-science database: some examples from geotherm: Computers & Geosciences, v. 12, no. 2, p. 199-205, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(86)90006-3.","startPage":"199","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266183,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(86)90006-3"},{"id":225384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c78e4b0c8380cd69cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bliss, J. D.","contributorId":25564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015039,"text":"70015039 - 1986 - Use of detrended correspondence analysis to evaluate factors controlling spatial distribution of benthic insects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:49:40","indexId":"70015039","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of detrended correspondence analysis to evaluate factors controlling spatial distribution of benthic insects","docAbstract":"Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was evaluated for its effectiveness in displaying factors controlling the spatial distribution of benthic insects in an oligotrophic stream where an experimental gradient (copper) that selectively affects population abundances was imposed. DCA proved to be highly sensitive to differences among samples and consistently provided ecologically meaningful species ordinations.
Seasonality of taxa was the major gradient displayed by DCA prior to copper exposure when data for all sampling dates were included. Sensitivity of taxa to copper was a more important factor affecting community structure than was seasonality during periods of continuous exposure to copper (2.5 to 15 µg l-1 CuT; approximately 12 to 75 ng l-1 Cu2+. When pre-dose data for each sampling date were ordinated independently, substratum composition and biological interactions were the major gradients displayed in species ordinations. During periods of exposure, sensitivity of taxa to copper was the primary gradient. This gradient also reflected a generally greater sensitivity to copper of herbivorous than of detritivorous or predatory benthic insects. DCA revealed the persistence, eleven months after dosing ceased, of differences in community structure between the control and high treatment (5 and 10 µg l-1 CuT) sections. Differences between sections were not evident on this sampling date from total biomass or total density (numerical) estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00006774","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Leland, H., Carter, J.L., and Fend, S.V., 1986, Use of detrended correspondence analysis to evaluate factors controlling spatial distribution of benthic insects: Hydrobiologia, v. 131, no. 2, p. 113-123, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006774.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbee2e4b08c986b329834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leland, H.V.","contributorId":82455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"H.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fend, Steven V. 0000-0002-4638-6602 svfend@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":3591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"Steven","email":"svfend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007653,"text":"1007653 - 1986 - Incidence of gunshot deaths in desert tortoises in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:04","indexId":"1007653","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incidence of gunshot deaths in desert tortoises in California","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Berry, K., 1986, Incidence of gunshot deaths in desert tortoises in California: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 14, p. 127-132.","productDescription":"p. 127-132","startPage":"127","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":129785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f57b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014689,"text":"70014689 - 1986 - LONG-TERM EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70014689","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"LONG-TERM EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.","docAbstract":"The Charleston, South Carolina, area offers a unique opportunity to conduct studies that give insight into the implementation of policy for long-term earthquake preparedness at the local level. Research by Greene and Gori documented the low state of preparedness in 1981. Recent studies show that earthquake preparedness activities are now occurring in Charleston. Since 1981, increased national attention has been used by local citizens in Charleston to overcome political, informational, social, organizational, and economic barriers which tend to retard the adoption and implementation of earthquake mitigation policies.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Third U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering.","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Inst","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA, USA","isbn":"0943198070","usgsCitation":"Gori, P.L., and Greene, M., 1986, LONG-TERM EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA., Proceedings of the Third U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering., v. 3, Charleston, SC, USA, p. 2341-2351.","startPage":"2341","endPage":"2351","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40eee4b0c8380cd65167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gori, P. L.","contributorId":87138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gori","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greene, M.R.","contributorId":96723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014492,"text":"70014492 - 1986 - Radon in unconventional natural gas from Gulf Coast geopressured-geothermal reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T13:33:19.998134","indexId":"70014492","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radon in unconventional natural gas from Gulf Coast geopressured-geothermal reservoirs","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00151a014","usgsCitation":"Kraemer, T.F., 1986, Radon in unconventional natural gas from Gulf Coast geopressured-geothermal reservoirs: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 20, no. 9, p. 939-942, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00151a014.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"939","endPage":"942","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast, Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.43934293870635,\n 26.224921208966407\n ],\n [\n -98.22840284864202,\n 25.98597854439454\n ],\n [\n -97.96672244341106,\n 26.005578981007744\n ],\n [\n -97.67233198752689,\n 25.976177100165017\n ],\n [\n -97.49787838403915,\n 25.809427727616807\n ],\n [\n -97.36703818142432,\n 25.789794681610445\n ],\n [\n -97.29071472989818,\n 25.897736153063306\n ],\n [\n -97.13806782684723,\n 25.91735128564828\n ],\n [\n -96.23308975875726,\n 25.750518837604716\n ],\n [\n -96.39664001202661,\n 26.809450380338617\n ],\n [\n -96.34212326093659,\n 27.091307894281186\n ],\n [\n -95.70972894829532,\n 27.63357793483091\n ],\n [\n -95.05552793521858,\n 27.759080954850205\n ],\n [\n -94.41223027235958,\n 27.768729052629183\n ],\n [\n -93.07111819555155,\n 27.643237134433107\n ],\n [\n -92.75492103923123,\n 27.865162952281153\n ],\n [\n -91.83903962092289,\n 27.797668212932678\n ],\n [\n -91.41380896242322,\n 27.874801630095945\n ],\n [\n -91.07580510566679,\n 27.865162952281153\n ],\n [\n -89.89824328212812,\n 28.240434163286068\n ],\n [\n -89.86553323147425,\n 28.566520723396152\n ],\n [\n -89.32036572057685,\n 28.547366972832492\n ],\n [\n -88.88423171185879,\n 28.910690752786238\n ],\n [\n -88.9060384122943,\n 29.06329043939982\n ],\n [\n -89.3857858218846,\n 30.18169971961376\n ],\n [\n -89.5166260244994,\n 30.2005484002334\n ],\n [\n -89.61475617646101,\n 30.28532279123911\n ],\n [\n -89.68017627776874,\n 30.48284486579432\n ],\n [\n -89.76740307951262,\n 30.567374818195503\n ],\n [\n -89.82191983060264,\n 30.708094473531105\n ],\n [\n -89.73469302885876,\n 30.90475750995796\n ],\n [\n -89.73469302885876,\n 31.0076106432371\n ],\n [\n -91.64277931700032,\n 30.998264935928816\n ],\n [\n -92.3078836802948,\n 30.85796949737376\n ],\n [\n -94.52126377453892,\n 30.81115864508915\n ],\n [\n -95.57888874567985,\n 30.31356466317669\n ],\n [\n -96.50944995012932,\n 29.61539056959211\n ],\n [\n -97.38171796756542,\n 28.85423636903039\n ],\n [\n -98.16675918325765,\n 27.904548462660117\n ],\n [\n -98.40663288805247,\n 27.053315374519244\n ],\n [\n -98.43934293870635,\n 26.224921208966407\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a943fe4b0c8380cd812b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014693,"text":"70014693 - 1986 - THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE IN A DEEP SANDSTONE AQUIFER IN MINNESOTA: FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND THERMAL ENERGY-TRANSPORT MODELING.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70014693","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE IN A DEEP SANDSTONE AQUIFER IN MINNESOTA: FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND THERMAL ENERGY-TRANSPORT MODELING.","docAbstract":"A study of the feasibility of storing heated water in a deep sandstone aquifer in Minnesota is described. The aquifer consists of four hydraulic zones that are areally anisotropic and have average hydraulic conductivities that range from 0. 03 to 1. 2 meters per day. A preliminary axially symmetric, nonisothermal, isotropic, single-phase, radial-flow, thermal-energy-transport model was constructed to investigate the sensitivity of model simulation to various hydraulic and thermal properties of the aquifer. A three-dimensional flow and thermal-energy transport model was constructed to incorporate the areal anisotropy of the aquifer. Analytical solutions of equations describing areally anisotropic groundwater flow around a doublet-well system were used to specify model boundary conditions for simulation of heat injection. The entire heat-injection-testing period of approximately 400 days was simulated. Model-computed temperatures compared favorably with field-recorded temperatures, with differences of no more than plus or minus 8 degree C. For each test cycle, model-computed aquifer thermal efficiency, defined as total heat withdrawn divided by total heat injected, was within plus or minus 2% of the field-calculated values.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference","conferenceTitle":"21st Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference: Advancing toward Technology Breakout in Energy Conversion.","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","issn":"0146955X","isbn":"0841209863","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.T., 1986, THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE IN A DEEP SANDSTONE AQUIFER IN MINNESOTA: FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND THERMAL ENERGY-TRANSPORT MODELING., in Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, p. 682-685.","startPage":"682","endPage":"685","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba388e4b08c986b31fd41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. 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