{"pageNumber":"4913","pageRowStart":"122800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70015643,"text":"70015643 - 1986 - Isolation and detection of Giardia cysts from water using direct immunofluorescence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T11:40:16","indexId":"70015643","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation and detection of Giardia cysts from water using direct immunofluorescence","docAbstract":"<p><span>A water‐sampling apparatus used for the isolation and detection of&nbsp;</span><i>Giardia</i><span>cysts in water has been designed and tested. The sampling apparatus uses one of a variety of pumps or waterline pressure to move water through a filter. Two of the optional pumps are lightweight enough to make the apparatus portable and thus suitable for sampling in remote areas. This technique of sample processing produces good cyst recovery in much less time than is required with previously established methods.&nbsp;</span><i>Giardia</i><span>&nbsp;cysts are identified using direct immunofluorescence.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb00759.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Sorenson, S.K., Riggs, J.L., Dileanis, P.D., and Suk, T.J., 1986, Isolation and detection of Giardia cysts from water using direct immunofluorescence: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 22, no. 5, p. 843-845, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb00759.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"843","endPage":"845","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37d8e4b0c8380cd61203","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorenson, Stephen K.","contributorId":90314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riggs, John L.","contributorId":28378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dileanis, Peter D. dileanis@usgs.gov","contributorId":71541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dileanis","given":"Peter","email":"dileanis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suk, Thomas J.","contributorId":34578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suk","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015644,"text":"70015644 - 1986 - Effect of ground-water recharge on configuration of the water table beneath sand dunes and on seepage in lakes in the sandhills of Nebraska, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:28:14","indexId":"70015644","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of ground-water recharge on configuration of the water table beneath sand dunes and on seepage in lakes in the sandhills of Nebraska, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Analysis of water-level fluctuations in about 30 observation wells and 5 lakes in the Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge in the sandhills of Nebraska indicates water-table configuration beneath sand dunes in this area varies considerably, depending on the configuration of the topography of the dunes. If the topography of an interlake dunal area is hummocky, ground-water recharge is focused at topographic lows causing formation of water-table mounds. These mounds prevent ground-water movement from topographically high lakes to adjacent lower lakes. If a dune ridge is sharp, the opportunity for focused recharge does not exist, resulting in water-table troughs between lakes. Lakes aligned in descending altitudes, parallel to the principal direction of regional ground-water movement, generally have seepage from higher lakes toward lower lakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90166-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1986, Effect of ground-water recharge on configuration of the water table beneath sand dunes and on seepage in lakes in the sandhills of Nebraska, U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 86, no. 3-4, p. 221-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90166-6.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              39.842286020743394\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.625,\n              39.842286020743394\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.625,\n              43.100982876188546\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              43.100982876188546\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              39.842286020743394\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05e5e4b0c8380cd50ff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014967,"text":"70014967 - 1986 - Some Techniques for Reducing Landslide Hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T00:48:56.278391","indexId":"70014967","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1115,"text":"Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some Techniques for Reducing Landslide Hazards","docAbstract":"Many techniques are available for reducing landslide hazards; 27 are described in this paper. Prerequisites for the successful use of these techniques are hazard information understandable to nongeologists and adequate communication of this information to those who will, or are required to, use it. It is concluded that certain factors needed to ensure the lasting effectiveness of these techniques are usually beyond the control of the public planner, engineer, and decisionmaker.","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.xxiii.1.29","issn":"00045691","usgsCitation":"Kockelman, W.J., 1986, Some Techniques for Reducing Landslide Hazards: Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, v. 23, no. 1, p. 29-52, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xxiii.1.29.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223741,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf70e4b0c8380cd875b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kockelman, William J.","contributorId":34510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kockelman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014969,"text":"70014969 - 1986 - Determination of total, commonality, and uniqueness of interpreted structural elements from remotely sensed data in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70014969","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of total, commonality, and uniqueness of interpreted structural elements from remotely sensed data in Alaska","docAbstract":"Statistical analysis is conducted to determine the unique value of real- and synthetic-aperture side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) to detect interpreted structural elements. SLAR images were compared to standard and digitally enhanced Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) images and to aerial photographs. After interpretation of the imagery, data were cumulated by total length in miles and by frequency of counts. Maximum uniqueness is obtained first from real-aperture SLAR, 58.3% of total, and, second, from digitally enhanced Landsat MSS images, 54.1% of total. ?? 1986 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00898281","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Rosenfield, G., 1986, Determination of total, commonality, and uniqueness of interpreted structural elements from remotely sensed data in Alaska: Mathematical Geology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 161-179, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00898281.","startPage":"161","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00898281"},{"id":223792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffe0e4b0c8380cd4f44a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenfield, G.H.","contributorId":94670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenfield","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014996,"text":"70014996 - 1986 - Movement and fate of detergents in groundwater: A field study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T19:56:30","indexId":"70014996","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement and fate of detergents in groundwater: A field study","docAbstract":"<p>The major cations, anions, and detergents in a plume of contaminated groundwater at Otis Air Base on Cape Cod (Mass., U.S.A.) have moved approximately 3.5 km down gradient from the disposal beds. We hypothesize that the detergents form two distinct plumes, which consist of alkyl benzene sulfonates (ABS) detergents and linear alkyl sulfonates (LAS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaLS) detergents. The ABS detergents were deposited from approximately 1940 through 1965, when ABS detergents were banned. From 1965 to the present, LAS and NaLS detergents were in the sewage. The ABS detergents appear to be transported in the aquifer at the same rate as the specific conductance (major cations and anions) and boron, which are currently used as conservative tracers of the plume of contaminated groundwater. There appears to be little or no biological degradation of the ABS detergents in the aquifer, based on their concentration in the plume. On the other hand, the LAS and NaLS detergents have degraded rapidly and have been detected only 0.6 km down gradient. The roleof the detergents in the transport of other organic compounds in the plume is nuclear. There is a separation of the ABS detergent plume and the volatile organic compound plume; however, the time of entry of the detergents and the volatile organic compounds is unknown. Therefore, it is not possible to conclude on the interaction of these two classes of compounds.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(86)90013-6","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., Barber, L., and LeBlanc, D., 1986, Movement and fate of detergents in groundwater: A field study: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 1, no. 1-2, p. 143-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(86)90013-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f0ee4b0c8380cd70d47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L.B. Jr.","contributorId":86900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.","contributorId":20909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015069,"text":"70015069 - 1986 - Emission spectrographic determination of volatile trace elements in geologic materials by a carrier distillation technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T11:16:09.499179","indexId":"70015069","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emission spectrographic determination of volatile trace elements in geologic materials by a carrier distillation technique","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Trace levels of chalcophile elements that form volatile sulfide minerals are determined in stream sediments and in the nonmagnetic fraction of a heavy-mineral concentrate of stream sediments by a carrier distillation emission spectrographic method. Photographically recorded spectra of samples are visually compared with those of synthetic standards for the two sample types. Rock and soil samples may also be analyzed by comparison with the stream-sediment standards. A gallium oxide spectrochemical carrier/buffer enhances the early emission of the volatile elements.</p><p>Detection limits in parts per million attained are: Sb 5, As 20, Bi 0.1, Cd 1, Cu 1, Pb 2, Ag 0.1, Zn 2, and Sn 0.1. A comparison with other methods of analysis, total-burn emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy, shows good correlation for standard reference for materials and samples from a variety of geologic terranes.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(86)90084-1","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Barton, H.N., 1986, Emission spectrographic determination of volatile trace elements in geologic materials by a carrier distillation technique: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 25, no. 3, p. 367-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(86)90084-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224346,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08fee4b0c8380cd51d52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, H. N.","contributorId":99546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015071,"text":"70015071 - 1986 - Cretaceous shales from the western interior of North America: Sulfur/carbon ratios and sulfur-isotope composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-26T01:38:53.907839","indexId":"70015071","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cretaceous shales from the western interior of North America: Sulfur/carbon ratios and sulfur-isotope composition","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15570028\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Carbon and sulfur abundance and δ<sup>34</sup>S of pyrite sulfur were studied in cores of selected Cretaceous marine shales from the western interior of North America. Sulfur/carbon ratios average 0.67, a value greater than that observed in recent marine sediments and much higher than global values calculated for the Cretaceous. Increased S/C ratios probably result from generally low levels of bioturbation and enhanced efficiency of sulfate reduction due to low oxygen levels in the Cretaceous seaway. Isotopic compositions of pyrite sulfur vary systematically with the level of oxygenation of the depositional environment and therefore with organic carbon abundance and type of organic matter. Samples with organic carbon in excess of 4 wt% contain disseminated pyrite that is extremely depleted in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup>S (mean δ<sup>34</sup>S = −31‰); these samples are laminated clay shales that contain hydrogen-rich (type II) organic matter. Samples containing less than 1.5% organic carbon display relatively “heavy” but wide ranging δ<sup>34</sup>S values (δ<sup>34</sup>S = −34.6‰ to +16.8‰; mean δ<sup>34</sup>S = −12.4‰); these samples are highly bioturbated and contain only type III, hydrogen-poor organic matter. Samples containing intermediate amounts of organic carbon contain pyrite with δ<sup>34</sup>S values averaging −25.9‰ and contain mixed type II and type III organic matter. The higher organic carbon content and the preservation of hydrogen-rich organic matter generally correlate with slow sedimentation. Samples rich in organic carbon and containing isotopically “light” sulfide sulfur accumulated beneath anoxic and perhaps sulfidic bottom waters. Samples with intermediate organic matter content and intermediate sulfur isotopic compositions accumulated under mainly dysaerobic bottom waters. Samples with relatively low amounts of organic carbon and wide-ranging but less negative sulfur isotopic values were deposited beneath oxygenated bottom waters. Sulfur-isotope data are apparently a sensitive indicator of diagenetic or depositional facies of fine-grained Cretaceous rocks in the western interior.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<225:CSFTWI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Gautier, D.L., 1986, Cretaceous shales from the western interior of North America: Sulfur/carbon ratios and sulfur-isotope composition: Geology, v. 14, no. 3, p. 225-228, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<225:CSFTWI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcade4b0c8380cd4e399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gautier, D. L.","contributorId":69996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015081,"text":"70015081 - 1986 - Recent patterns of sulfate variability in pristine streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T18:35:13.028689","indexId":"70015081","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":925,"text":"Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent patterns of sulfate variability in pristine streams","docAbstract":"Systematic modes of spatial and temporal variation in a 13-y record of stream sulfate from a nationwide network of headwater sampling stations are defined using principal components. Based on the undisturbed nature of the sampling network, it is suggested that these modes of stream sulfate variability are analogues for variations in acid deposition. Three statistically significant components, accounting for approximately 50% of the total stream sulfate variance, are identified. Analysis of component loadings and scores indicates that a major transition occurred in the early 1970s when stream sulfate concentrations in the northeast changed from persistently above mean levels to persistently below. At the same time concentrations of sulfate in Gulf and Southeast Atlantic coast streams shifted from persistently below to persistently above mean concentrations. Significantly, these changes occurred contemporaneously with regional trends in sulfate emissions which can generally be characterized as decreasing in the northeast and increasing in the southeast.Systematic modes of spatial and temporal variation in a 13-y record of stream sulfate from a nationwide network of headwater sampling stations are defined using principal components. Based on the undisturbed nature of the sampling network, it is suggested that these modes of stream sulfate variability are analogues for variations in acid deposition. Three statistically significant components, accounting for approximately 50% of the total stream sulfate variance, are identified. Analysis of component loadings and scores indicates that a major transition occurred in the early 1970s when stream sulfate concentrations in the northeast changed from persistently above mean levels to persistently below. At the same time concentrations of sulfate in Gulf and Southeast Atlantic coast streams shifted from persistently below to persistently above mean concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(86)90040-5","issn":"00046981","usgsCitation":"Lins, H., 1986, Recent patterns of sulfate variability in pristine streams: Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics, v. 20, no. 2, p. 367-375, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(86)90040-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"375","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223636,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9631e4b0c8380cd81e61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, H.F.","contributorId":81508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"H.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015082,"text":"70015082 - 1986 - SEISMIC-REFLECTOR DATABASE SOFTWARE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015082","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SEISMIC-REFLECTOR DATABASE SOFTWARE.","docAbstract":"The seismic data analysis (SDA) software system facilitates generation of marine seismic reflector databases composed of reflector depths, travel times, root-mean-square and interval velocities, geographic coordinates, and identifying information. System processes include digitizing of seismic profiles and velocity semblance curves, merging of velocity and navigation data with profile travel-time data, calculation of reflector depths in meters, profile and map graphic displays, data editing and smoothing, and entry of finalized data into a comprehensive database. An overview of concepts, file structures, and programs is presented.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - 1986 Working Symposium on Oceanographic Data Systems.","conferenceLocation":"La Jolla, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0818606568","usgsCitation":"Wright, E.L., and Hosom, J., 1986, SEISMIC-REFLECTOR DATABASE SOFTWARE., Proceedings - 1986 Working Symposium on Oceanographic Data Systems., La Jolla, CA, USA, p. 184-190.","startPage":"184","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf2ae4b0c8380cd8740b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Steiger Daniel","contributorId":128411,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Steiger Daniel","id":536298,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Evelyn L.","contributorId":50909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Evelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hosom, John-Paul","contributorId":78094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosom","given":"John-Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015083,"text":"70015083 - 1986 - MAPGEN CARTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015083","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MAPGEN CARTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM.","docAbstract":"MAPGEN is a software system that facilitates production of cartographic displays in the research and production environment. The system generates a set of metagraphic overlays of application-defined geographical information that can be aggregated in any combination for display without reprocessing the original data. An overview of the control files, available cartographic projections, graphic attributes, overlay generator and ancillary support programs, and the device-independent graphic subsystem are presented, along with examples of usage. System transportability and associated host hardware and operating system requirements are also addressed.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - 1986 Working Symposium on Oceanographic Data Systems.","conferenceLocation":"La Jolla, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0818606568","usgsCitation":"Evenden, G.I., 1986, MAPGEN CARTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM., Proceedings - 1986 Working Symposium on Oceanographic Data Systems., La Jolla, CA, USA, p. 239-245.","startPage":"239","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ab3e4b0c8380cd68f89","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Steiger Daniel","contributorId":128411,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Steiger Daniel","id":536299,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Evenden, Gerald I.","contributorId":22380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenden","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014980,"text":"70014980 - 1986 - Summary of pre-1980 tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St. Helens, Washington State, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70014980","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summary of pre-1980 tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St. Helens, Washington State, USA","docAbstract":"Mount St. Helens has been a prolific source of tephra-fall deposits for about 40 000 years. These tephra deposits (1) record numerous explosive eruptions, (2) form important regional time-stratigraphic marker beds, and (3) record repeated changes in composition within and between eruptive periods. Recognized tephra strata record more than 100 explosive eruptive events at Mount St. Helens; those tephra strata are classified as beds, layers, and sets. Tephra sets, each of which consists of a group of beds and layers, define in part the nine eruptive periods recognized at the volcano. Individual tephra sets are distinguished from stratigraphically adjacent sets by differences in composition or by evidence of clapsed time. Several tephra units from Mount St. Helens form important marker beds at distances of hundreds of kilometers downwind from the volcano. Cummingtonite phenocrysts, which are known in ejecta from only Mount St. Helens in the Pacific Northwest, characterize some marker beds and readily identify their source. The tephra sequence also records eruption of the mafic andesites that mark the appearance of the modern Mount St. Helens and numerous changes in composition among dacite, basalt, and andesite since that time. ?? 1986 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01073510","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Mullineaux, D.R., 1986, Summary of pre-1980 tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St. Helens, Washington State, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 48, no. 1, p. 17-26, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01073510.","startPage":"17","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205433,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01073510"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ea1e4b08c986b31e024","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullineaux, D. R.","contributorId":64248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullineaux","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014610,"text":"70014610 - 1986 - Effect of height and orientation ( microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T12:27:18.302067","indexId":"70014610","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of height and orientation ( microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Terrace scarps can serve as a nearly ideal natural laboratory for the study of the evolution of slopes. This paper examines the effects of scarp size (height) and orientation (microclimate) by keeping constant variables such as age, lithology, and regional climate.</p><p>If a scarp degrades as a closed system, and downslope movement is<span>&nbsp;</span><i>directly proportional to surface gradient</i>, the evolution of the scarp is modeled by the diffusion equation. For a group of scarps of same age and known starting angle, the diffusion-equation model predicts the relation between maximum scarp angle (\uD835\uDEC9) and scarp height (<i>h</i>). Late Pleistocene terrace scarps now as steep as 33.25°, as well as measured angles of repose for sand and gravel, require a starting angle as steep as 33.5°. For latest Pleistocene Idaho and Utah scarps, as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>h</i><span>&nbsp;</span>increases, \uD835\uDEC9 is gentler (more degraded) than modeled by the diffusion equation with a constant rate coefficient. The degradation-rate coefficient (<i>c</i>) increases tenfold with scarp height; it should not change with scarp height if downslope movement is solely determined by surface gradient (to the first power). Soil wash appears to be responsible for this departure from the diffusion-equation model, for transport rate by soil wash is a function of scarp size (height).</p><p>South-facing scarps are less vegetated and more degraded than north-facing scarps. For scarps 2 m high, the degradation rate (<i>c</i>*) on S-facing scarps is 2 times that on N-facing scarps; for 10-m scarps, it is 5 times.</p><p>The observed dependence of the rate coefficient<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* on scarp height can be removed by normalizing<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* to values for west-facing scarps of the same height. The residual<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* values calculated by this method correlate well with differences in incident solar radiation resulting from the different scarp orientations and maximum gradients. This correlation demonstrates the importance of orientation on slope processes and their rates through the differences in freeze-thaw cycles, soil moisture, and vegetative cover.</p><p>Scarp morphology may be used to estimate age, if one accounts for the effects of climate and for scarp height, orientation, and lithology. For example, using the dated Bonneville shoreline scarps for calibration and comparing only scarps of equal height, we estimate the Drum Mountains fault scarps to be 9,000 yr old. This age is about twice that produced by previous diffusion-equation calculations that have not accounted for the height as we have here, but it is the same as independent geologic estimates of their age.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., and Colman, S.M., 1986, Effect of height and orientation ( microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 7, p. 869-885, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"885","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05e7e4b0c8380cd50fff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014968,"text":"70014968 - 1986 - Identification of solute loading sources to a surface stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70014968","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of solute loading sources to a surface stream","docAbstract":"A study was performed to identify sources of solute loading to the Dirty Devil River and its major tributaries, in south-eastern Utah. A primary goal was to determine the contribution of gypsum dissolution to total dissolved solids concentration, and its potential increase in the future if salinity control measures are instituted. Synoptic field data were collected during the low flow period in October 1983. Data were analyzed using the geochemistry models WATEQF and BALANCE to postulate mineral reactions leading to solute loading. Three known sources of solute loading, involving two different geochemical mechanisms, were clearly discernable. Two additional areas of possible gypsum dissolution were located.A study was performed to identify sources of solute loading to the Dirty Devil River and its major tributaries, in south-eastern Utah. A primary goal was to determine the contribution of gypsum dissolution to total dissolved solids concentration, and its potential increase in the future if salinity control measures are instituted. Synoptic field data were collected during the low flow period in October 1983. Data were analyzed using the geochemistry models WATEQF and BALANCE to postulate mineral reactions leading to solute loading. Three known sources of solute loading, involving two different geochemical mechanisms, were clearly discernable. Two additional areas of possible gypsum dissolution were located.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Rittmaster, R., and Mueller, D., 1986, Identification of solute loading sources to a surface stream: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 22, no. 1, p. 81-89.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a383ce4b0c8380cd614c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rittmaster, R. L.","contributorId":55861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rittmaster","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, D. K.","contributorId":93525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014606,"text":"70014606 - 1986 - AIRBORNE INERTIAL SURVEYING USING LASER TRACKING AND PROFILING TECHNIQUES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014606","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"AIRBORNE INERTIAL SURVEYING USING LASER TRACKING AND PROFILING TECHNIQUES.","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey through a contract with the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory has developed the Aerial Profiling of Terrain System. This is an airborne inertial surveying system designed to use a laser tracker to provide position and velocity updates, and a laser profiler to measure terrain elevations. The performance characteristics of the system are discussed with emphasis placed on the performance of the laser devices. The results of testing the system are summarized for both performance evaluation and applications.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Remote Sensing.","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","publisherLocation":"Bellingham, WA, USA","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"0892526793","usgsCitation":"Cyran, E.J., 1986, AIRBORNE INERTIAL SURVEYING USING LASER TRACKING AND PROFILING TECHNIQUES., <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 644, Orlando, FL, USA, p. 54-59.","startPage":"54","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"644","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e629e4b0c8380cd471cb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Menzies Robert T.","contributorId":128346,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Menzies Robert T.","id":536291,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Cyran, Edward J.","contributorId":75156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cyran","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014604,"text":"70014604 - 1986 - CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE SURFACE WATER COMPONENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT (NAWQA) PROGRAM.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014604","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE SURFACE WATER COMPONENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT (NAWQA) PROGRAM.","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey started, in a pilot phase, a program to provide nationally consistent information on the status and trends in the quality of the nation's fresh water. The program also intends to identify and describe the relationships between both the status and trends in water quality as they relate to natural factors, and the history of land-use, and land- and waste-management practices. The program is organized into hydrologically based study units and, for the study of surface water, involves a combination of fixed-station, synoptic and intensive study approaches. Network design considerations are discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Oceans 86 - Conference Record.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., 1986, CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE SURFACE WATER COMPONENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT (NAWQA) PROGRAM., <i>in</i> Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), Washington, DC, USA, p. 779-784.","startPage":"779","endPage":"784","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dde4b0c8380cd4b43e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44429,"text":"wri864149 - 1986 - Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 1: Mean annual runoff in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T19:06:49.566693","indexId":"wri864149","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4149","title":"Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 1: Mean annual runoff in Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>The map shows the mean annual runoff from drainage basins in Louisiana exclusive of those in the coastal zone and the alluvial valleys of the Mississippi, Ouachita, and Red Rivers. The mean annual runoff for the State of Louisiana varies from 0.7 (cu ft/s)/sq mi in the Sabine and Red River basins to &gt;2.0 (cu ft/s)/sq mi in the upper reaches of the Mermentau River. Factors that account for the three-fold variation in runoff across Louisiana include regional differences in rainfall, varying physical characteristics of the land, and differing land use patterns. The mean annual runoff was determined on the basis of continuing measurements of stage and discharge of uncontrolled streams. The periods of record from the 88 stations shown on the map vary from 5 to 25 yr. The 88 stations were grouped into seven categories of runoff. The boundaries for each region generally correspond to drainage boundaries or physiographic boundaries.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864149","usgsCitation":"McWreath, H.C., and Lowe, A.S., 1986, Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 1: Mean annual runoff in Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4149, 1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.87 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864149.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.87 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415859,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36576.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":81731,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4149/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.046,\n              33.02\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.0461,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.809,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.809,\n              33.02\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.046,\n              33.02\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643f04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McWreath, Harry C. III","contributorId":26191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWreath","given":"Harry","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowe, Alfred S.","contributorId":74820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70168679,"text":"70168679 - 1986 - Earthquakes, January-February 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-23T16:47:46","indexId":"70168679","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, January-February 1986","docAbstract":"<p>The first two months of the year were somewhat quiet seismically speaking. There were no major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) but one death was caused by an earthquake in Peru.</p>\n<p>In the United States a magntidue 4.9 earthquake in Ohio on January 31 caused some minor injuries and was felt in eleven states, the Nation's Capitol and Canada.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1986, Earthquakes, January-February 1986: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 6, p. 235-237.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"237","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cd90d3e4b0b1892d9e82c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014474,"text":"70014474 - 1986 - Chemical variability in the Sacramento River and in Northern San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T14:29:35.459269","indexId":"70014474","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical variability in the Sacramento River and in Northern San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Specific conductance and concentrations of alkalinity, dissolved silica, nitrate, and ammonium were measured daily in the Sacramento River flow to northern San Francisco Bay during the rainfall seasons of 1983 and 1984 (high flow) and during late summer and early fall of 1984 (low flow). Flow and concentrations of chemical species varied in response to storm events during high flow, but flow was more variable than concentrations of chemical species. Runoff from agriculturally developed areas appeared to increase specific conductance and concentrations of alkalinity during high flow. During low flow, inputs of agricultural tailwaters caused variations in concentrations of alkalinity and dissolved silica. Dilution of municipal waste by river flow caused variability in concentrations of ammonium during both high flow and low flow. Distributions of alkalinity, dissolved silica, nitrate, and ammonium were measured in northern San Francisco Bay during late summer and fall of 1984. Changes in distributions of alkalinity in the estuary were caused by variations in alkalinity in the Sacramento River. Changes in distributions of dissolved silica, nitrate, and ammonium appeared to be primarily related to variations in supply by the river and removal by phytoplankton. Effects of removal by phytoplankton were large for ammonium and dissolved silica, but appeared relatively small for nitrate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352099","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L., and Hager, S., 1986, Chemical variability in the Sacramento River and in Northern San Francisco Bay: Estuaries, v. 9, no. 4, p. 270-283, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352099.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River, Northern San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.98095703125,\n              37.57505900514996\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.058349609375,\n              37.57505900514996\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.058349609375,\n              38.805470223177466\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.98095703125,\n              38.805470223177466\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.98095703125,\n              37.57505900514996\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f598e4b0c8380cd4c2e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, L. E.","contributorId":89529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hager, S.W.","contributorId":51746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70168493,"text":"70168493 - 1986 - Volcanoes and atmospheres; catastrophic influences on the planets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T11:35:52","indexId":"70168493","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanoes and atmospheres; catastrophic influences on the planets","docAbstract":"<p>For a rare and brief instant in geologic time, we can imagine that the sulfurous, chromatic surface of Io (one of the satellites of Jupiter) lies quiet. Perhaps stars glisten brilliantly through the tenuous nigh sky. Here and there, thick icy fogs enshroud fumaroles where sulfur dioxide leaks from the underworld. Suddenly, a fissure splits the surface and billowing clouds of sulfurous gases and ice hurl orange and black ash into the atmosphere. Minute by minute, the intensity of the eruption builds; stars begin disappearing from the night sky. The rising plume inhales the nearby atmosphere, mixing it with the exhalations from the volcano. Particles of sulfur, sulfur dioxide snow and ash rise to 300 kilometers, later raining down across the planet a thousand kilometers away.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, S.W., 1986, Volcanoes and atmospheres; catastrophic influences on the planets: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 2, p. 76-83.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"83","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4565ce4b0946c652185f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, S. W.","contributorId":19186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70195831,"text":"70195831 - 1986 - A hybrid microcomputer system for geological investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T15:44:07","indexId":"70195831","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5643,"text":"Computers and Geology","printIssn":"0271-0420","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hybrid microcomputer system for geological investigations","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Botbol, J., Evenden, G., Hanley, J., and Merriam, D.F., 1986, A hybrid microcomputer system for geological investigations: Computers and Geology, v. 5, p. 105-112.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff3835e4b0da30c1bfd9bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Botbol, J.M.","contributorId":46944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botbol","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenden, G. I.","contributorId":52960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenden","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanley, J.","contributorId":85586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanley","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014666,"text":"70014666 - 1986 - Improved phase-ellipse method for in-situ geophone calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T12:02:37.114105","indexId":"70014666","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1806,"text":"Geophysical Prospecting","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved phase-ellipse method for in-situ geophone calibration","docAbstract":"<p><span>For amplitude and phase response calibration of moving-coil electromagnetic geophones two parameters are needed, namely, the geophone natural frequency,&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sub>0</sub><span>, and the geophone upper resonance frequency&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sub>u</sub><span>. The phase-ellipse method is commonly used for the in situ determination of these parameters. For a given signal-to-noise ratio, the precision of the measurement of</span><i>f</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;and</span><i>f</i><sub>u</sub><span>&nbsp;depends on the phase sensitivity,&nbsp;</span><i>f(δφ/δf)</i><span>&nbsp;For some commercial geophones&nbsp;</span><i>f(δφ/δf)</i><span>&nbsp;at</span><i>f</i><sub>u</sub><span>&nbsp;can be an order of magnitude less than the sensitivity at</span><i>f</i><sub>0</sub><span>. In this paper we present an improved phase-ellipse method with increased precision. Compared to measurements made with the existing phase-ellipse methods, our method shows a 6- and 3-fold improvement in the precision, respectively, on measurements of&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;and</span><i>f</i><sub>u</sub><span>&nbsp;on a commercial geophone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2478.1986.tb00480.x","usgsCitation":"Liu, H.P., and Peselnick, L., 1986, Improved phase-ellipse method for in-situ geophone calibration: Geophysical Prospecting, v. 34, no. 4, p. 537-544, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1986.tb00480.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"544","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225908,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3961e4b0c8380cd618da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Huaibao P.","contributorId":14581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Huaibao","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peselnick, L.","contributorId":66825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peselnick","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001644,"text":"1001644 - 1986 - Waterfowl harvest at Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge, 1936-41","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T12:26:25","indexId":"1001644","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterfowl harvest at Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge, 1936-41","docAbstract":"Waterfowl harvest at Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) for the 6-yr period 1936-41 is described and compared with a recent (1978-83) period. During the early period 46,987 geese and 76,143 ducks were bagged during 48,610 hunter-visits. Hunting seasons were 30 to 60 d in length. Greater White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons, followed by Northern Pintails Anas acuta, and Cackling Canada Geese Branta canadensis minima were the most important birds in the harvest. Average harvest was 1.0 goose and 1.6 ducks per hunter-visit. A short (30-d) and late hunting season drastically curtailed harvest in 1937. Reduced hunting activity in 1941 was attributed to military mobilization. During the 1978-83 period 34,416 geese and 63,458 ducks were bagged during 69,170 hunter-visits. Hunting seasons during this period were mostly 93 d in length. The most important bird in the harvest was the Mallard A. platyrhynchos, followed by White-fronted Goose and Northern Pintail. Average harvest was 0.5 goose and 0.9 duck per hunter-visit. In general dabbling ducks increased in overall importance while diving ducks decreased between the two periods. Harvest decreased 20.5% while hunter-visits increased 42.3%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"California Fish and Game","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gilmer, D., Hicks, J., Bartonek, J., and McCollum, E., 1986, Waterfowl harvest at Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge, 1936-41: California Fish and Game, v. 72, no. 3, p. 132-143.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"143","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.56715393066405,\n              41.828642001860544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.40579223632812,\n              41.828642001860544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.40579223632812,\n              41.94927724511655\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.56715393066405,\n              41.94927724511655\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.56715393066405,\n              41.828642001860544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47e1e4b07f02db4ba0ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilmer, D.S.","contributorId":22270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hicks, J.M.","contributorId":62544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartonek, James C.","contributorId":38085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartonek","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCollum, E.H.","contributorId":73543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCollum","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":38487,"text":"pp1403B - 1986 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:59:22.807123","indexId":"pp1403B","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1403","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>The Floridan aquifer system of the Southeastern United States is comprised of a thick sequence of carbonate rocks that are mostly of Paleocene to early Miocene age and that are hydraulically connected in varying degrees. The aquifer system consists of a single vertically continuous permeable unit updip and of two major permeable zones (the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers) separated by one of seven middle confining units downdip. Neither the boundaries of the aquifer system or of its component high- and low-permeability zones necessarily conform to either formation boundaries or time-stratigraphic breaks. The rocks that make up the Floridan aquifer system, its upper and lower confining units, and a surficial aquifer have been separated into several chronostratigraphic units. The external and internal geometry of these stratigraphic units is presented on a series of structure contour and isopach maps and by a series of geohydrologic cross sections and a fence diagram. Paleocene through middle Eocene units consist of an updip clastic facies and a downdip carbonate bank facies, that extends progressively farther north and east in progressively younger units. Upper Eocene and Oligocene strata are predominantly carbonate rocks throughout the study area. Miocene and younger strata are mostly clastic rocks. Subsurface data show that some modifications in current stratigraphic nomenclature are necessary. First, the middle Eocene Lake City Limestone cannot be distinguished lithologically or faunally from the overlying middle Eocene Avon Park 'Limestone.' Accordingly, it is proposed that the term Lake City be abandoned and the term Avon Park Formation be applied to the entire middle Eocene carbonate section of peninsular Florida and southeastern Georgia. A reference well section in Levy County, Fla., is proposed for the expanded Avon Park Formation. The Avon Park is called a 'formation' more properly than a 'limestone' because the unit contains rock types other than limestone. Second, like the Avon Park, the lower Eocene Oldsmar and Paleocene Cedar Keys 'Limestones' of peninsular Florida practically everywhere contain rock types other than limestone. It is therefore proposed that these units be referred to more accurately as Oldsmar Formation and Cedar Keys Formation. The uppermost hydrologic unit in the study area is a surficial aquifer that can be divided into (1) a fluvial sand-and-gravel aquifer in southwestern Alabama and westernmost panhandle Florida, (2) limestone and sandy limestone of the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern peninsular Florida, and (3) a thin blanket of terrace and fluvial sands elsewhere. The surficial aquifer is underlain by a thick sequence of fine clastic rocks and low-permeability carbonate rocks, most of which are part of the middle Miocene Hawthorn Formation and all of which form the upper confining unit of the Floridan aquifer system. In places, the upper confining unit has been removed by erosion or is breached by sinkholes. Water in the Floridan aquifer system thus occurs under unconfined, semiconfined, or fully confined conditions, depending upon the presence, thickness, and integrity of the upper confining unit. Within the Floridan aquifer system, seven low permeability zones of subregional extent split the aquifer system in most places into an Upper and Lower Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer, which consists of all or parts of rocks of Oligocene age, late Eocene age, and the upper half of rocks of middle Eocene age, is highly permeable. The middle confining units that underlie the Upper Floridan are mostly of middle Eocene age but may be as young as Oligocene or as old as early Eocene. Where no middle confining unit exists, the entire aquifer system is comprised of permeable rocks and for hydrologic discussions is treated as the Upper Floridan aquifer.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1403B","usgsCitation":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina; 1986; PP; 1403-B; Miller, James A.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 91 p.; 34 Plates: 53.53 x 30.58 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"91","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420161,"rank":36,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4835.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":21984,"rank":23,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-21.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21983,"rank":22,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-20.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21977,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21973,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21972,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21969,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21967,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21966,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21965,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21997,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1403-B"},{"id":165034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":21993,"rank":32,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-30.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21989,"rank":28,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-26.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21988,"rank":27,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-25.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21987,"rank":26,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-24.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21986,"rank":25,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-23.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21981,"rank":20,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21980,"rank":19,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21979,"rank":18,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21976,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21975,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21974,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21971,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21970,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21968,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21964,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21985,"rank":24,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-22.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21990,"rank":29,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-27.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21991,"rank":30,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-28.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21992,"rank":31,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-29.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21994,"rank":33,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-31.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21995,"rank":34,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-32.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21996,"rank":35,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-33.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21978,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21982,"rank":21,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-19.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Floridan Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.97973632812499,\n              24.577099744289427\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9140625,\n              24.457150524185852\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.090087890625,\n              24.686952411999155\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.43090820312499,\n              25.005972656239187\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.145263671875,\n              25.631621577258493\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0079345703125,\n              26.82407078047018\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6011962890625,\n              28.217289755957054\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.52978515625,\n              28.45420354994914\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.848388671875,\n              28.950475674848008\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2548828125,\n              29.754839972510933\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.375732421875,\n              30.38235321766959\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.40869140625,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.27685546875,\n              31.240985378021307\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.892333984375,\n              31.952162238024975\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6671142578125,\n              32.18491105051798\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.43365478515625,\n              32.31731244438278\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.31854248046875,\n              33.03629817885956\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.2169189453125,\n              33.15594830078649\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.60693359375,\n              33.5963189611327\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.38671875,\n              33.578014746143985\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.43017578125,\n              32.74108223150125\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.1220703125,\n              31.93351676190369\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.472900390625,\n              31.970803930433096\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.4014892578125,\n              30.159376896356193\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6708984375,\n              30.221101852485987\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.759033203125,\n              30.38709188778112\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.3690185546875,\n              30.349176094149833\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.858154296875,\n              30.183121842195515\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.440673828125,\n              29.907329376851553\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.4132080078125,\n              29.654642479663647\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.067138671875,\n              29.568679425235135\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3255615234375,\n              29.88351825335318\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.26513671875,\n              30.0405664305846\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.05639648437499,\n              30.083354648756128\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.660888671875,\n              29.888280933159265\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0950927734375,\n              29.176145182559758\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8369140625,\n              29.142566155107065\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.705078125,\n              28.8831596093235\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8204345703125,\n              28.188243641850313\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.880859375,\n              27.873072565422785\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.298583984375,\n              26.77013508224145\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.177734375,\n              26.426308999847024\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.947021484375,\n              26.436146919246013\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.749267578125,\n              25.859223554761382\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4251708984375,\n              25.794945475649673\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1614990234375,\n              25.37380917154398\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.18896484375,\n              25.24469595130604\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1285400390625,\n              25.11544539706194\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9854736328125,\n              24.78673454198888\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.9522705078125,\n              24.84656534821976\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.97973632812499,\n              24.577099744289427\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","publishedDate":"1986-10-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628892","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, James A.","contributorId":49772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030615,"text":"70030615 - 1986 - Cambrian nepheline syenite complex at Jabal Sawda, Midyan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-27T01:26:14.356669","indexId":"70030615","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2147,"text":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cambrian nepheline syenite complex at Jabal Sawda, Midyan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id9\"><p>The only nepheline syenite complex presently known in the Arabian Shield is at Jabal Sawda, about 30 km S of Haql in the extreme NW of Saudi Arabia. It is a post-tectonic, composite intrusion with a crudely concentric structure. A core of leuco-nepheline syenite, a partial ring of mela-nepheline syenite, and an almost complete outer ring of alkali-feldspar syenite are the main rock units. Several mega-inclusions of porphyritic nepheline syenite, nepheline monzosyenite, malignite and ijolite are present in the leuco-nepheline syenite. The chemical composition is notable for very high values of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>O, Ba, La, Nb, Sr and Zr. U<img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">Pb isotope dating indicates an emplacement age of 553 ± 4 Ma, one of an increasing number of reliable Cambrian isotope dates in the northern Red Sea region.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0899-5362(86)80075-6","issn":"08995","usgsCitation":"Liddicoat, W., Ramsay, C., and Hedge, C., 1986, Cambrian nepheline syenite complex at Jabal Sawda, Midyan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 4, no. C, p. 139-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(86)80075-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f32ae4b0c8380cd4b62e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liddicoat, W.K.","contributorId":67727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liddicoat","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsay, C.R.","contributorId":64890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsay","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hedge, C. E.","contributorId":73611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001443,"text":"1001443 - 1986 - Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-07T15:44:30.17188","indexId":"1001443","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Seasonal survival of 109 adult female mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) fitted with radio transmitters was evaluated in northcentral Minnesota during 1968-74. Survival rates for the 169-day breeding and postbreeding period were: 1.0 during nest initiation (36 days), 0.798 during incubation (28 days), 0.943 during brood rearing (51 days), 0.947 during molt (26 days), and 1.0 during premigration (28 days). Survival for the 169-day spring-summer period was 0.713 for adult females remaining on the study area. Fall-winter survival was estimated at 0.881 for those adult birds remaining on the study area throughout the summer. The data confirm speculation on relative risk to females of various phases of the mallard reproductive cycle and support previous conclusions that the northcentral Minnesota breeding mallard population is not self sustaining. The value of learning further details of processes affecting specific seasonal mortality factors for both adult and young waterfowl is emphasized.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801485","usgsCitation":"Kirby, R., and Cowardin, L.M., 1986, Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 1, p. 38-43, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801485.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Chippewa National Forest, northcentral Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.43855212948581,\n              47.97945086109905\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.43855212948581,\n              47.31104204205181\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.03404030322343,\n              47.31104204205181\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.03404030322343,\n              47.97945086109905\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.43855212948581,\n              47.97945086109905\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, Ronald E.","contributorId":117972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Ronald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowardin, Lewis M.","contributorId":34574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}