A Laplace transform solution was obtained for the injection of a tracer in a well situated in a homogeneous aquifer where steady, horizontal, radially convergent flow has been established due to pumping at a second well. The standard advection-dispersion equation for mass transfer was used as the controlling equation. For boundary conditions, mass balances that account for mixing of the tracer with the fluid residing in the injection and pumped wells were used. The derived solution, which can be adapted for either resident or flux-averaged concentration, is of practical use only for the pumped well. This problem is of interest because it is easily applied to field determination of aquifer dispersivity and effective porosity. Breakthrough curves were obtained by numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution. It was found that tracer mixing with fluid in the pumped and injection wells, especially in low-porosity aquifers, may have a significant influence on the shape of the tracer breakthrough curves.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i003p00439","usgsCitation":"Moench, A.F., 1989, Convergent radial dispersion: A Laplace transform solution for aquifer tracer testing: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 3, p. 439-447, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i003p00439.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"447","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbd7e4b0c8380cd4dfd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, Allen F. afmoench@usgs.gov","contributorId":3903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"Allen","email":"afmoench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":371446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015662,"text":"70015662 - 1989 - The hydrologic reponses to development in regional sedimentary aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T23:02:43.830399","indexId":"70015662","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The hydrologic reponses to development in regional sedimentary aquifers","docAbstract":"The hydrologic response to development of three of the most heavily pumped sedimentary aquifer systems in the United States is similar in some aspects and different in others. In the semiarid West, an unconfined sand aquifer and a confined sand and clay aquifer system have been subjected to withdrawals that are far greater than predevelopment recharge rates. As a result, the aquifers have large losses of ground water from storage. In the humid East, pumpage from a carbonate aquifer system has resulted in induced recharge and diversion of natural discharge with insignificant loss from storage. However, the following responses to development are common in all three aquifer systems: (1) ground-water circulation has increased,
(2) rates of recharge have increased—mostly due to recirculation of pumped ground water, or infiltration of imported surface water used for irrigation in the semiarid West,
(3) locations of recharge areas have changed, and (4) natural discharge has decreased.
Regional water-level declines associated with ground- water development are inevitably accompanied by some combination of elastic compaction of aquifer material, inelastic compaction of fine-grained sediments and land subsidence, dewatering of aquifer material near pumping centers, and induced formation of sinkholes. The degree to which these changes occur is dependent on: (1) rates of pumping in relation to available recharge, and (2) lithology, specifically the proportion of sand, gravel, silt, clay, and carbonate rock that comprise the aquifer system.
Complex sample matrices of estuarine biota tissue and bed sediment extracts were analyzed for selected chlorinated compounds. By using gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry, the coeluting interferences present in gas chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometry were eliminated in the biota tissue and bed sediment extracts. The selected chlorinated compounds included chlorobenzene; 1,2‐, 1,3‐ and 1,4‐dichlorobenzene; 1,2,3‐, 1,2,4‐ and 1,3,5‐trichlorobenzene; 1,2,3,4‐, 1,2,3,5‐ and 1,2,4,5‐tetrachlorobenzene; pentachlorobenzene; hexachlorobenzene; hexachloro‐1,3‐butadiene; octachlorostyrene; and octachloronaphthalene. Daughter ion spectra for these compounds are included. The detection limit for most of the compounds was 20 pg, and the instrument response was linear over five orders of magnitude, by using 13C‐labelled hexachlorobenzene as the internal standard.
We undertook the task of determining whether base flow alkalinity of surface waters in the northeastern United States is related to indices of soil contact time and flow path partitioning that are derived from topographic and soils information. The influence of topography and soils on catchment hydrology has been incorporated previously in the variable source area model TOPMODEL as the relative frequency distribution of ln (a/Kb tan B), where ln is the Naperian logarithm, “a” is the area drained per unit contour, K is the saturated hydraulic conductivity, b is the soil depth, and tan B is the slope. Using digital elevation and soil survey data, we calculated the ln (a/Kb tan B) distribution for 145 catchments. Indices of flow path partitioning and soil contact time were derived from the ln (a/Kb tan B) distributions and compared to measurements of alkalinity in lakes to which the catchments drain. We found that alkalinity was, in general, positively correlated with the index of soil contact time, whereas the correlation between alkalinity and the flow path partitioning index was weak at best. A portion of the correlation between the soil contact time index and alkalinity was attributable to covariation with soil base saturation and cation exchange capacity, while another portion was found to be independent of these factors. Although our results indicate that catchments with long soil contact time indices are most likely to produce high alkalinity base flow, a sensitivity analysis of TOPMODEL suggests that surface waters of these same watersheds may be susceptible to alkalinity depressions during storm events, due to the role of flow paths.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i005p00829","usgsCitation":"Wolock, D., Hornberger, G., Beven, K., and Campbell, W., 1989, The relationship of catchment topography and soil hydraulic characteristics to lake alkalinity in the northeastern United States: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 5, p. 829-837, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i005p00829.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"829","endPage":"837","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf22e4b08c986b324589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, G.M.","contributorId":68463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beven, K.J.","contributorId":62759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beven","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, W.G.","contributorId":83278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015848,"text":"70015848 - 1989 - Rates and processes of channel development and recovery following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T16:17:09.528683","indexId":"70015848","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rates and processes of channel development and recovery following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"Stream channel development in response to the eruption of Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980, resulted in some of the largest sediment yields documented anywhere on earth. Development of new channels on the 2.7 km3 debris-avalanche deposit in the North Fork Toutle River caused net erosion of as much as 1.3 x 105 t km−2 annually. Development of these channels followed a four-stage sequence of channel initiation, channel incision with relatively constant width-to-depth ratio, channel widening accompanied by aggradation, and channel widening accompanied by scour-and-fill with little change in average channel elevation. These channels remain unstable both in width and elevation. Lahars affected channel and valley morphology on all flanks of the volcano. Steep, upstream reaches generally incised and widened during the first year following the eruption and aggraded during the following three years. Gently sloping downstream reaches aggraded and widened during the first year and incised during the following three years. The most rapid adjustments occurred during the first two winters following the eruption. The principal effect of the blast on channels throughout the 550 km2 devastated area was the subsequent rapid delivery of sand- and silt-size sediment eroded from hillslopes. Channels aggraded during early storms of the 1980–1981 winter but incised during later storms the same winter. Subsequent channel enlargement was constrained by logs deposited in channels by the blast and by post-1980 shallow debris slides. Since 1984, instability and sedimentation in laharand blast-affected channels have been within the range of pre-1980 levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626668909491318","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D.F., and Martinson, H.A., 1989, Rates and processes of channel development and recovery following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 34, no. 2, p. 115-127, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626668909491318.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479900,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626668909491318","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223127,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a953ee4b0c8380cd818bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, D. F.","contributorId":21167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinson, H. A.","contributorId":16834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015871,"text":"70015871 - 1989 - Circular convection during subsurface injection of liquid waste, St. Petersburg, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:45:57","indexId":"70015871","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Circular convection during subsurface injection of liquid waste, St. Petersburg, Florida","docAbstract":"Injection of liquid waste into a highly transmissive, saltwater-bearing, fractured dolomite underlying the city of St. Petersburg, Florida, provided an opportunity to study density-dependent flow associated with two miscible and density-different liquids. The injection zone was 98 m thick with a radial hydraulic conductivity of 762 m/d and a vertical hydraulic conductivity of 152 m/d. Mean chloride concentrations of the injectant during two tests of 91 and 366 days duration were 180 and 170 mg/L, respectively, whereas chloride concentration of native salt water ranged from 19,000 to 20,000 mg/L. During the 366-day test, chloride concentration in water from a well open to the upper part of the injection zone 223 m from the injection well approximately stabilized at about 4000 mg/L. Relatively constant chloride concentrations in water from this observation well at a level significantly greater than the injectant concentration suggested the hypothesis that circular convection with saltwater flow added chloride ions to the injection zone flow sampled at the observation well. In order to assess the acceptability of the circular convection hypothesis, information was required about the velocity field during injection. Mass transport model simulations were used to provide this information, after determining that the fractured injection zone could be treated as an equivalent porous medium with a single porosity. The mass transport model was calibrated using the 91-day test data from two observation wells 223 m from the injection well. The model was then run without parameter changes to simulate the 366-day test. Mass fractions of injectant computed for four observation wells during the 366-day test compared favorably with observed mass fractions. Observed mass fractions were calculated as a function of chloride concentration and density. Comparisons between model-computed mass fraction and velocity fields in a radial section showed circular convection, with salt water flowing toward the injection well in the lower part of the injection zone. The salt water then mixed with the injectant, and the mixture flowed away from the injection well in the upper part of the injection zone. On the basis of the model results and the assumed reasonableness of treating the injection zone as an equivalent porous medium with a single porosity, the hypothesis of circular convection with saltwater flow during subsurface injection of liquid waste into a highly transmissive saltwater-bearing fractured dolomite was judged acceptable.
The deposit along the Belle Fourche River is typically up to 2 m thick and extends about 90 m away from the channel along the insides of meander bends. The sediments contain above-background levels of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, and particularly arsenic. An influx at high streamflow of uncontaminated sediment from terraces and the premining floodplain as well as from tributaries causes arsenic concentrations in parts of the contaminated deposit that are farthest away from the channel to be two to three times less than arsenic concentrations in overbank sediment that is immediately adjacent to the channel.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.3290140507","usgsCitation":"Marron, D., 1989, Physical and chemical characteristics of a metal-contaminated overbank deposit, west-central South Dakota, USA: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 14, no. 5, p. 419-432, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290140507.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"432","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.0625,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -99.00878906249999,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -99.00878906249999,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 42.956422511073335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a74e4b0c8380cd78f01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marron, D. C.","contributorId":16031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marron","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015899,"text":"70015899 - 1989 - Interrelationships among hydrologic-budget components of a northern Wisconsin seepage lake and implications for acid-deposition modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T15:19:57.286534","indexId":"70015899","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interrelationships among hydrologic-budget components of a northern Wisconsin seepage lake and implications for acid-deposition modeling","docAbstract":"Components of the hydrologic budget for a northern Wisconsin seepage lake were analyzed by applying correlation and regression techniques to monthly data. Analyses for the 1981–83 water years revealed a statistically significant, direct relationship between storage change and precipitation-evaporation balance. Ground-water outflow was negatively correlated with ground-water inflow, and this relationship was influenced by similar relationships for both hydraulic gradients and cross-sectional areas in outflow versus inflow regions of the lake. Neither ground-water outflow nor inflow was significantly related to precipitation, evaporation, storage change, or lake stage; this may reflect a lag in response time of the ground-water system compared to the lake. The results (1) emphasize the complexity of factors that influence ground-water interactions with seepage lakes and (2) suggest the importance of completing detailed hydrologic studies of these systems before mechanistic models, such as those developed to predict effects of acid deposition, are applied.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01056199","usgsCitation":"Wentz, D.A., and Rose, W., 1989, Interrelationships among hydrologic-budget components of a northern Wisconsin seepage lake and implications for acid-deposition modeling: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 18, no. 1-2, p. 147-155, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01056199.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Vandercook Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.69120679416645,\n 45.9894661436733\n ],\n [\n -89.69120679416645,\n 45.97500382959842\n ],\n [\n -89.67867191017365,\n 45.97500382959842\n ],\n [\n -89.67867191017365,\n 45.9894661436733\n ],\n [\n -89.69120679416645,\n 45.9894661436733\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3da4e4b0c8380cd63709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wentz, Dennis A. dawentz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"Dennis","email":"dawentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":372033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":372032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015985,"text":"70015985 - 1989 - Criteria for a sediment data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70015985","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Criteria for a sediment data set","docAbstract":"The transport of sediment through a hydrologic system or basin is an extremely complex phenomenon. Many factors affect this movement. Criteria are established for an 'ultimate' or complete sediment data set, and guidelines are given for the collection of alluvial data. The paper describes what parameters need to be measured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic data set that could be used to compute sediment transport using any prominently known sediment-transport equation. The criteria address only the collection of data for noncohesive sediment.","conferenceTitle":"Sediment Transport Modeling: Proceedings of the International Symposium","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627187","usgsCitation":"Glysson, D.G., 1989, Criteria for a sediment data set, Sediment Transport Modeling: Proceedings of the International Symposium, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 675-680.","startPage":"675","endPage":"680","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcb1e4b0c8380cd4e3ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glysson, Douglas G.","contributorId":25296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20893,"text":"ofr8914 - 1989 - Preliminary map of upper Eocene to Holocene volcanic and related rocks of the Cascade Range, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T21:04:45.279766","indexId":"ofr8914","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-14","title":"Preliminary map of upper Eocene to Holocene volcanic and related rocks of the Cascade Range, Oregon","docAbstract":"Since 1979 the Geothermal Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey has carried out multidisciplinary research in the Cascade Range. The goal of this research is to understand the geology, tectonics, and hydrology of the Cascades in order to characterize and quantify geothermal resource potential. A major goal of the program is compilation of a comprehensive geologic map of the entire Cascade Range that incorporates modern field studies and that has a unified and internally consistent explanation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8914","usgsCitation":"Sherrod, D.R., and Smith, J., 1989, Preliminary map of upper Eocene to Holocene volcanic and related rocks of the Cascade Range, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-14, Report: 20 p.; 1 Plate: 41.69 × 44.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8914.","productDescription":"Report: 20 p.; 1 Plate: 41.69 × 44.40 inches","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50488,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391637,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0014/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0014/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":410223,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17554.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.71,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -120.717,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -120.717,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -123.71,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -123.71,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, James G.","contributorId":98712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16021,"text":"ofr87217 - 1989 - Selected ground-water data, Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T18:30:02.633611","indexId":"ofr87217","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-217","title":"Selected ground-water data, Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data for Chester County, Pennsylvania are given for 3,010 wells and 32 springs. Water levels are given for 48 observation wells measured monthly during 1936-86. Chemical analyses of ground water are given for major ions, physical properties, nutrients, metals and other trace constituents, volatile organic compounds, acid organic compounds, base-neutral organic compounds, organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated napthalenes, organophosphorous insecticides, organic acid herbicides, triazine herbicides, other organic compounds, and radionuclides.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr87217","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., 1989, Selected ground-water data, Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-217, Report: iv, 198 p.; 2 Plates: 46.88 x 29.11 inches and 57.39 x 32.02 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87217.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 198 p.; 2 Plates: 46.88 x 29.11 inches and 57.39 x 32.02 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science 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Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":172107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185834,"text":"70185834 - 1989 - Solubility of jarosite solid solutions precipitated from acid mine waters, Iron Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T16:40:10","indexId":"70185834","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5350,"text":"Science Geological Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility of jarosite solid solutions precipitated from acid mine waters, Iron Mountain, California","docAbstract":"Because of the common occurrence of 15 to 25 mole percent hydronium substitution on the alkali site in jarosites, it is necessary to consider the hydronium content of jarosites in any attempt at rigorous evaluation of jarosite solubility or of the saturation state of natural waters with respect to jarosite. A Gibbs free energy of 3293.5±2.1 kJ mol-1 is recommended for a jarosite solid solution of composition K.77Na.03(H3O).20Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6. Solubility determinations for a wider range of natural and synthetic jarosite solid solutions will be necessary to quantify the binary and ternary mixing parameters in the (K-Na-H3O) system. In the absence of such studies, molar volume data for endmember minerals indicate that the K-H3O substitution in jarosite is probably closer to ideal mixing than either the Na-K or Na-H3O substitution.
The effects of water-level regulation on aquatic macrophyte communities, individual plant species, and potential faunal habitat were investigated in a study of two regulated lakes and an unregulated lake in northern Minnesota. Water levels in Rainy Lake and Namakan Reservoir in Voyageurs National Park are regulated by dams. Natural annual fluctuations of 1.8 m are replaced with fluctuations of 1.1 m in Rainy Lake and 2.7 m in the five lakes that comprise Namakan Reservoir. In addition, springtime peaking of water levels in Namakan Reservoir is delayed by one month. After reaching the peak, water levels in the regulated lakes are held at that level through the summer and allowed to gradually decline through autumn and winter. This study was conducted by estimating the cover of each plant species in randomly placed quadrats along transects that followed depth contours in the lakes. These contours were selected to represent different plant habitats, as defined by the timing and duration of flooding and dewatering in unregulated Lac La Croix. Detrended correspondence analysis showed that the macrophyte communities at all depths of the regulated lakes differed from those in the unregulated lake. The differences were more profound in deeper parts of the littoral zone. Lac La Croix contained taxonomically and structurally diverse plant communities at all depths, maximizing faunal habitat. The greatest effect of the regulation on Rainy Lake was along transects at the depth that is never dewatered. There were only four taxa present; they were all erect aquatics that extended through the entire water column and offered little structurally diverse faunal habitat. The greatest effect of regulation on Namakan Lake was along transects at the depth where drawdown occurs in early winter and disturbance results from ice formation in the sediments. Rosette and mat-forming species were dominant, providing minimal faunal habitat. The hydrologic regime at Lac La Croix results in intermediate disturbance that maintains high diversity. There is too little disturbance from water-level fluctuations in Rainy Lake and too much disturbance in Namakan Reservoir, resulting in reduced diversity in both cases. The macrophyte communities of the regulated lake systems would benefit from a return to more natural hydrologic regimes. Namakan Reservoir should be regulated to reach its peak water level at the beginning of June, summer drawdowns should occur at both Rainy Lake and Namakan Reservoir, and the amplitude of annual drawdowns should vary between years but approximate 1.8 m. These hydrologic conditions should, over time, result in more diverse macrophyte communities and more diverse faunal habitat throughout the littoral zone of the regulated lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Meeker, J.E., and Wilcox, D.A., 1989, A comparison of aquatic macrophyte communities in regulated and non-regulated lakes, Voyageurs National Park and Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota: Research/Resources Management MWR-16, 39 p.","productDescription":"39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b1007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meeker, James E.","contributorId":80228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19219,"text":"ofr87221 - 1989 - Hydrologic data of the Nashua and Souhegan River basins, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T21:22:12.813378","indexId":"ofr87221","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-221","title":"Hydrologic data of the Nashua and Souhegan River basins, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr87221","usgsCitation":"Hansen, B.P., Brackley, R., and de Lima, V.A., 1989, Hydrologic data of the Nashua and Souhegan River basins, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-221, Report: vi, 73 p.; 1 Plate: 41.60 x 49.41 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87221.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 73 p.; 1 Plate: 41.60 x 49.41 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420179,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17163.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":48680,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48679,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0221/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151355,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0221/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Nashua and Souhegan River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.458,\n 42.75\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 42.75\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 42.25\n ],\n [\n -71.458,\n 42.25\n ],\n [\n -71.458,\n 42.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db607411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, B. P.","contributorId":45332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brackley, R. A.","contributorId":16851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brackley","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de Lima, V. A.","contributorId":11638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Lima","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38494,"text":"pp1370F - 1989 - Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste: Characterization of the Death Valley region, Nevada and California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12312,"text":"ofr84743 - 1984 - Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste; characterization of the Death Valley region, Nevada and California","indexId":"ofr84743","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste; characterization of the Death Valley region, Nevada and California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38494,"text":"pp1370F - 1989 - Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste: Characterization of the Death Valley region, Nevada and California","indexId":"pp1370F","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste: Characterization of the Death Valley region, Nevada and California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-08T20:16:27.18313","indexId":"pp1370F","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1370","chapter":"F","title":"Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste: Characterization of the Death Valley region, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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The well configuration allows water level to be monitored in two fluid reservoirs at depths of 85 and 250 m below land surface. During 1987, water level changes were recorded during 12 of the 18 episodes of accelerated fault creep detected by a creep meter spanning the fault trace 750 m northwest of the well. The creep-related water level changes in the shallow reservoir have durations of less than 1 day, whereas in the deeper reservoir the changes persist for as long as 2 months. These data suggest that the transient nature of the water level changes in the shallow interval is due to vertical flow to the water table and is not evidence that creep events propagate past the well. Phase leads of earth tidal constituents in the water level data from the shallow interval relative to the same constituents in the local volume strain tide support the interpretation of significant flow to the water table at periods of 1 day or less. The form of the water level changes in the deep interval is affected by horizontal flow to the well bore. This effect can be removed from the water level records using a theoretical response curve constrained by the phases of earth tidal constituents in the deep interval relative to the local volume strain tide. For the events where the signal in the shallow interval has been large enough to measure, the sizes of the simultaneous water level changes in the two reservoirs are consistent with the same amounts of volume strain occurring at both depths.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB09p12387","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Roeloffs, E., Burford, S., Riley, F.S., and Records, A., 1989, Hydrologic effects on water level changes associated with episodic fault creep near Parkfield, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B9, p. 12387-12402, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB09p12387.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"12387","endPage":"12402","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3622e4b0c8380cd6048b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roeloffs, E.A.","contributorId":88742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burford, S.S.","contributorId":85335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burford","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riley, F. S.","contributorId":7701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"F.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Records, A.W.","contributorId":107860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Records","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014342,"text":"70014342 - 1988 - Lognormal kriging for the assessment of reliability in groundwater quality control observation networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:53:46.443201","indexId":"70014342","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lognormal kriging for the assessment of reliability in groundwater quality control observation networks","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality observation networks are examples of discontinuous sampling on variables presenting spatial continuity and highly skewed frequency distributions. Anywhere in the aquifer, lognormal kriging provides estimates of the variable being sampled and a standard error of the estimate. The average and the maximum standard error within the network can be used to dynamically improve the network sampling efficiency or find a design able to assure a given reliability level. The approach does not require the formulation of any physical model for the aquifer or any actual sampling of hypothetical configurations. A case study is presented using the network monitoring salty water intrusion into the Llobregat delta confined aquifer, Barcelona, Spain. The variable chloride concentration used to trace the intrusion exhibits sudden changes within short distances which make the standard error fairly invariable to changes in sampling pattern and to substantial fluctuations in the number of wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(88)90006-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Candela, L., Olea, R., and Custodio, E., 1988, Lognormal kriging for the assessment of reliability in groundwater quality control observation networks: Journal of Hydrology, v. 103, no. 1-2, p. 67-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(88)90006-6.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"84","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a494ae4b0c8380cd684be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Candela, L.","contributorId":18913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Candela","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Custodio, E.","contributorId":42366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custodio","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013678,"text":"70013678 - 1988 - Experimental studies in stream-aquifer interaction along the Arkansas River in Central Kansas - Field testing and analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:40:17.779193","indexId":"70013678","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental studies in stream-aquifer interaction along the Arkansas River in Central Kansas - Field testing and analysis","docAbstract":"During the last several years, streamflows of a number of Kansas streams have been reduced as a result of groundwater declines. In order to better understand and quantify stream-aquifer interrelationships, an eight-day comprehensive stream-aquifer pumping test, followed by recovery monitoring, was conducted along the Arkansas River near Great Bend, Kansas. In addition to water level monitoring in numerous observation wells, streamflow data, streambed hydraulic gradients, neutron probe-based water content of dewatered sediments, water chemistry and other data were collected. The alluvial aquifer is shown to be highly transmissive (T = 1803 m2d−1) with the pumping stress (9538 m3d−1) having a radius of influence larger than 1.77 km, impacting both the aquifer levels and the streamflow in the nearby Arkansas River. Drawdown and recharge boundary effects were observed in all observation wells, including those on the opposite side of the river. The alluvial aquifer did not exhibit a water table behavior and responded as a leaky confined aquifer. A semiconfining clay layer less than 3 m thick and an additional recharge source from a nearby stream-alluvial system were the probable causes of the observed phenomena. Actual streamflow depletion is shown to be appreciably less than the computed depletion based on analytical solutions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(88)90017-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sophocleous, M., Townsend, M., Vogler, L., McClain, T., Marks, E., and Coble, G., 1988, Experimental studies in stream-aquifer interaction along the Arkansas River in Central Kansas - Field testing and analysis: Journal of Hydrology, v. 98, no. 3-4, p. 249-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(88)90017-0.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"273","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Great Bend","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.85991437326487,\n 38.37778375097983\n ],\n [\n -98.85991437326487,\n 38.31437297701257\n ],\n [\n -98.70912129291908,\n 38.31437297701257\n ],\n [\n -98.70912129291908,\n 38.37778375097983\n ],\n [\n -98.85991437326487,\n 38.37778375097983\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0de0e4b0c8380cd5322c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Townsend, M.A.","contributorId":88785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogler, L.D.","contributorId":11069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogler","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McClain, T.J.","contributorId":48246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClain","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marks, E.T.","contributorId":19844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marks","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coble, G.R.","contributorId":19034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coble","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70013670,"text":"70013670 - 1988 - Pumping tests in nonuniform aquifers - The radially symmetric case","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:48:32.451815","indexId":"70013670","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pumping tests in nonuniform aquifers - The radially symmetric case","docAbstract":"Traditionally, pumping-test-analysis methodology has been limited to applications involving aquifers whose properties are assumed uniform in space. This work attempts to assess the applicability of analytical methodology to a broader class of units with spatially varying properties. An examination of flow behavior in a simple configuration consisting of pumping from the center of a circular disk embedded in a matrix of differing properties is the basis for this investigation. A solution describing flow in this configuration is obtained through Laplace-transform techniques using analytical and numerical inversion schemes. Approaches for the calculation of flow properties in conditions that can be roughly represented by this simple configuration are proposed. Possible applications include a wide variety of geologic structures, as well as the case of a well skin resulting from drilling or development. Of more importance than the specifics of these techniques for analysis of water-level responses is the insight into flow behavior during a pumping test that is provided by the large-time form of the derived solution. The solution reveals that drawdown during a pumping test can be considered to consist of two components that are dependent and independent of near-well properties, respectively. Such an interpretation of pumping-test drawdown allows some general conclusions to be drawn concerning the relationship between parameters calculated using analytical approaches based on curve-matching and those calculated using approaches based on the slope of a semilog straight line plot. The infinite-series truncation that underlies the semilog analytical approaches is shown to remove further contributions of near-well material to total drawdown. In addition, the semilog distance-drawdown approach is shown to yield an expression that is equivalent to the Thiem equation. These results allow some general recommendations to be made concerning observation-well placement for pumping tests in nonuniform aquifers. The relative diffusivity of material on either side of a discontinuity is shown to be the major factor in controlling flow behavior during the period in which the front of the cone of depression is moving across the discontinuity. Though resulting from an analysis of flow in an idealized configuration, the insights of this work into flow behavior during a pumping test are applicable to a wide class of nonuniform units.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(88)90025-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Butler, J., 1988, Pumping tests in nonuniform aquifers - The radially symmetric case: Journal of Hydrology, v. 101, no. 1-4, p. 15-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(88)90025-X.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9035e4b0c8380cd7fbd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, J.J. Jr.","contributorId":12194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3186,"text":"wsp2325 - 1988 - National water summary 1986: Hydrologic events and ground-water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T20:58:06.584628","indexId":"wsp2325","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2325","title":"National water summary 1986: Hydrologic events and ground-water quality","docAbstract":"Ground water is one of the most important natural resources of the United States and degradation of its quality could have a major effect on the welfare of the Nation. Currently (1985), ground water is the source of drinking water for 53 percent of the Nation's population and for more than 97 percent of its rural population. It is the source of about 40 percent of the Nation's public water supply, 33 percent of water for irrigation, and 17 percent of freshwater for selfsupplied industries.
Ground water also is the source of about 40 percent of the average annual streamflow in the United States, although during long periods of little or no precipitation, ground-water discharges provide nearly all of the base streamflow. This hydraulic connection between aquifers and streams implies that if a persistent pollutant gets into an aquifer, it eventually could discharge into a stream.
Information presented in the 1986 National Water Summary clearly shows that the United States has very large amounts of potable ground water available for use. Although naturally occurring constituents, such as nitrate, and human-induced substances, such as synthetic organic chemicals, frequently are detected in ground water, their concentrations usually do not exceed existing Federal or State standards or guidelines for maximum concentrations in drinking water.
Troublesome contamination of ground water falls into two basic categories related to the source or sources of the contamination. Locally, high concentrations of a variety of toxic metals, organic chemicals, and petroleum products have been detected in ground water associated with point sources such as wastedisposal sites, storage-tank leaks, and hazardous chemical spills. These types of local problems commonly occur in densely populated urban areas and industrialized areas. Larger, multicounty areas also have been identified where contamination frequently is found in shallow wells. These areas generally are associated with broad-scale, or nonpoint, sources of contamination such as agricultural activities or highdensity domestic waste disposal (septic systems) in urban centers. At present, only a very small percentage of the total volume of potable ground water in the United States is contaminated from both point and nonpoint sources; however, available data, especially data about the occurrence of synthetic organic and toxic substances, generally are inadequate to determine the full extent of ground-water contamination in the Nation's aquifers or to define trends in groundwater quality. Most information about the occurrence of these substances has come from the study of individual sites or areas where contamination had already been detected or suspected.
Management and protection of ground water present a major challenge to the Nation. Current and projected costs of detection and cleanup of existing ground-water contamination are staggering and, even so, complete removal of pollutants from ground water in the vicinity of some waste sites might not be technically feasible. At all levels of government, the task of protecting the resource for its most beneficial uses is difficult and controversial.
Despite increasing awareness that some of the Nation's ground water is contaminated with a variety of toxic metals, synthetic organic chemicals, radionuclides, pesticides, and other contaminants that might present a long-term risk to human health, public policy towards ground-water protection is still in the formative stages. Despite increasing efforts devoted to ground-water protection by State and Federal regulatory and resource-management agencies, the extent of ground-water contamination is likely to appear to increase over the next few years because more agencies will be searching for evidence of contamination, and they will be using increasingly sensitive analytical procedures. Increased technology and expanded monitoring activities probably will detect the effects of past contamination and land uses on water quality. The significant time lag between a waterquality change in one part of an aquifer system and the effects of that change at a downgradient site, such as a well, results from the generally slow movement of ground water. This lag between cause and observed effect needs to be considered in evaluating the effectiveness of current and future ground-water policies and remedial measures.
Conclusive answers to questions about the location, extent, and severity of ground-water contamination, and about trends in ground-water quality, must await further collection and analysis of data from the Nation's aquifers. Generalizations, however, can be made, and the 1986 National Water Summary, which describes the natural quality of ground-water resources in each State and the major contamination problems that have been identified as of 1986, provides a national perspective of the ground-water-quality situation.
The 1986 National Water Summary follows the format of previous volumes. It contains three parts, and the contents of each of these parts are highlighted below.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2325","usgsCitation":"United States Geological Survey, 1988, National water summary 1986: Hydrologic events and ground-water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2325, ix, 560 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2325.","productDescription":"ix, 560 p.","numberOfPages":"570","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science 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