Successful restoration of wetland ecosystems requires knowledge of wetland hydrologic patterns and an understanding of how those patterns affect wetland plant and animal populations.Within the Everglades, Florida, USA restoration, an applied science strategy including conceptual ecological models linking drivers to indicators is being used to organize current scientific understanding to support restoration efforts. A key driver of the ecosystem affecting the distribution and abundance of organisms is the timing, distribution, and volume of water flows that result in water depth patterns across the landscape. American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) are one of the ecological indicators being used to assess Everglades restoration because they are a keystone species and integrate biological impacts of hydrological operations through all life stages. Alligator body condition (the relative fatness of an animal) is one of the metrics being used and targets have been set to allow us to track progress. We examined trends in alligator body condition using Fulton’s K over a 15 year period (2000–2014) at seven different wetland areas within the Everglades ecosystem, assessed patterns and trends relative to restoration targets, and related those trends to hydrologic variables. We developed a series of 17 a priori hypotheses that we tested with an information theoretic approach to identify which hydrologic factors affect alligator body condition. Alligator body condition was highest throughout the Everglades during the early 2000s and is approximately 5–10% lower now (2014). Values have varied by year, area, and hydrology. Body condition was positively correlated with range in water depth and fall water depth. Our top model was the “Current” model and included variables that describe current year hydrology (spring depth, fall depth, hydroperiod, range, interaction of range and fall depth, interaction of range and hydroperiod). Across all models, interaction between range and fall water depth was the most important variable (relative weight of 1.0) followed by spring and fall water depths (0.99), range (0.96), hydroperiod (0.95) and interaction between range and hydroperiod (0.95). Our work provides additional evidence that restoring a greater range in annual water depths is important for improvement of alligator body condition and ecosystem function. This information can be incorporated into both planning and operations to assist in reaching Everglades restoration goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.003","usgsCitation":"Brandt, L., Beauchamp, J.S., Jeffery, B.M., Cherkiss, M.S., and Mazzotti, F., 2016, Fluctuating water depths affect American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) body condition in the Everglades, Florida, USA: Ecological Indicators, v. 67, p. 441-450, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.003.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"450","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069792","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471046,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.4473876953125,\n 26.676913083105454\n ],\n [\n -80.36773681640625,\n 26.684275490019488\n ],\n [\n -80.23590087890624,\n 26.571333057252076\n ],\n [\n -80.23590087890624,\n 26.382027976025352\n ],\n [\n -80.29083251953124,\n 26.347575438494673\n ],\n [\n -80.29632568359375,\n 26.185018250078308\n ],\n [\n -80.35400390625,\n 26.118452068488097\n ],\n [\n -80.44189453125,\n 26.145576207592274\n ],\n [\n -80.43365478515625,\n 25.962983554822678\n ],\n [\n -80.48858642578125,\n 25.760319754713887\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 25.46559428893416\n ],\n [\n -80.93353271484375,\n 25.40854689267053\n ],\n [\n -81.10382080078125,\n 25.631621577258493\n ],\n [\n -80.8428955078125,\n 25.767740402713383\n ],\n [\n -80.83740234375,\n 26.165298896316042\n ],\n [\n -80.82366943359375,\n 26.330345320410842\n ],\n [\n -80.54901123046875,\n 26.406630642556795\n ],\n [\n -80.452880859375,\n 26.458279167084125\n ],\n [\n -80.4473876953125,\n 26.676913083105454\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5721d4a3e4b0b13d39129145","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brandt, Laura A.","contributorId":18608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandt","given":"Laura A.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beauchamp, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":138880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12559,"text":"University of Florida, FLEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeffery, Brian M.","contributorId":138879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jeffery","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12558,"text":"University of Florida, Gainesville","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherkiss, Michael S. 0000-0002-7802-6791 mcherkiss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":4571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"Michael","email":"mcherkiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":12358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12604,"text":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Avenue, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170564,"text":"70170564 - 2016 - Will changes in phenology track climate change? A study of growth initiation timing in coast Douglas-fir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T13:41:54","indexId":"70170564","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-27T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Will changes in phenology track climate change? A study of growth initiation timing in coast Douglas-fir","docAbstract":"Under climate change, the reduction of frost risk, onset of warm temperatures and depletion of soil moisture are all likely to occur earlier in the year in many temperate regions. The resilience of tree species will depend on their ability to track these changes in climate with shifts in phenology that lead to earlier growth initiation in the spring. Exposure to warm temperatures (“forcing”) typically triggers growth initiation, but many trees also require exposure to cool temperatures (“chilling”) while dormant to readily initiate growth in the spring. If warming increases forcing and decreases chilling, climate change could maintain, advance or delay growth initiation phenology relative to the onset of favorable conditions. We modeled the timing of height- and diameter-growth initiation in coast Douglas-fir (an ecologically and economically vital tree in western North America) to determine whether changes in phenology are likely to track changes in climate using data from field-based and controlled-environment studies, which included conditions warmer than those currently experienced in the tree's range. For high latitude and elevation portions of the tree's range, our models predicted that warming will lead to earlier growth initiation and allow trees to track changes in the onset of the warm but still moist conditions that favor growth, generally without substantially greater exposure to frost. In contrast, towards lower latitude and elevation range limits, the models predicted that warming will lead to delayed growth initiation relative to changes in climate due to reduced chilling, with trees failing to capture favorable conditions in the earlier parts of the spring. This maladaptive response to climate change was more prevalent for diameter-growth initiation than height-growth initiation. The decoupling of growth initiation with the onset of favorable climatic conditions could reduce the resilience of coast Douglas-fir to climate change at the warm edges of its distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13328","usgsCitation":"Ford, K.R., Harrington, C.A., Bansal, S., Gould, P.J., and St. Clair, B., 2016, Will changes in phenology track climate change? 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5721d4a4e4b0b13d3912914d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, Kevin R.","contributorId":168906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25384,"text":"USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrington, Constance A.","contributorId":168907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrington","given":"Constance","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":25384,"text":"USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bansal, Sheel 0000-0003-1233-1707 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Corvallis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70171475,"text":"70171475 - 2016 - Longitudinal evaluation of leukocyte transcripts in killer whales (Orcinus Orca)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T15:27:21","indexId":"70171475","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-27T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3682,"text":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longitudinal evaluation of leukocyte transcripts in killer whales (Orcinus Orca)","docAbstract":"Early identification of illness and/or presence of environmental and/or social stressors in free-ranging and domestic cetaceans is a priority for marine mammal health care professionals. Incorporation of leukocyte gene transcript analysis into the diagnostic tool kit has the potential to augment classical diagnostics based upon ease of sample storage and shipment, inducible nature and well-defined roles of transcription and associated downstream actions. Development of biomarkers that could serve to identify “insults” and potentially differentiate disease etiology would be of great diagnostic value. To this end, a modest number of peripheral blood leukocyte gene transcripts were selected for application to a domestic killer whale population with a focus on broad representation of inducible immunologically relevant genes. Normalized leukocyte transcript values, longitudinally acquired from 232 blood samples derived from 26 clinically healthy whales, were not visibly influenced temporally nor by sex or the specific Park in which they resided. Stability in leukocyte transcript number during periods of health enhances their potential use in diagnostics through identification of outliers. Transcript levels of two cytokine genes, IL-4 and IL-17, were highly variable within the group as compared to the other transcripts. IL-4 transcripts were typically absent. Analysis of transcript levels on the other genes of interest, on an individual animal basis, identified more outliers than were visible when analyzed in the context of the entire population. The majority of outliers (9 samples) were low, though elevated transcripts were identified for IL-17 from 2 animals and one each for Cox-2 and IL-10. The low number of outliers was not unexpected as sample selection was intentionally directed towards animals that were clinically healthy at the time of collection. Outliers may reflect animals experiencing subclinical disease that is transient and self-limiting. The immunologic knowledge derived from longitudinal immunologic studies in killer whales, as was the target of the present study, has the potential to improve diagnostics and health related decision making for this and other domestic and free-ranging cetacean species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Science Direct","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.04.011","usgsCitation":"Sitt, T., Bowen, L., Lee, C., Blanchard, M., McBain, J., Dold, C., and Stott, J.L., 2016, Longitudinal evaluation of leukocyte transcripts in killer whales (Orcinus Orca): Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v. 175, p. 7-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.04.011.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076179","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"175","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500769e4b0ee97d51bb677","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sitt, Tatjana","contributorId":169842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sitt","given":"Tatjana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25601,"text":"Dep't Animal and Vet Sciences, UVM, Burlington, VT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Lizabeth 0000-0001-9115-4336 lbowen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-4336","contributorId":4539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Lizabeth","email":"lbowen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Chia-Shan","contributorId":169843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Chia-Shan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25602,"text":"Dep't Pathology, Vet School, UC Davis, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blanchard, Myra","contributorId":169844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Myra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25603,"text":"Dep't of Pathology, Vet School, UC Davis, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McBain, James","contributorId":169845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBain","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25604,"text":"Vet consultant, San Diego, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dold, Christopher","contributorId":169846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dold","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25605,"text":"Corp. VP, Vet Services, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Orlando, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stott, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":82146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stott","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70171018,"text":"70171018 - 2016 - Numerical experiments to explain multiscale hydrological responses to mountain pine beetle tree mortality in a headwater watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T10:54:17","indexId":"70171018","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-26T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical experiments to explain multiscale hydrological responses to mountain pine beetle tree mortality in a headwater watershed","docAbstract":"The effects of mountain pine beetle (MPB)-induced tree mortality on a headwater hydrologic system were investigated using an integrated physical modeling framework with a high-resolution computational grid. Simulations of MPB-affected and unaffected conditions, each with identical atmospheric forcing for a normal water year, were compared at multiple scales to evaluate the effects of scale on MPB-affected hydrologic systems. Individual locations within the larger model were shown to maintain hillslope-scale processes affecting snowpack dynamics, total evapotranspiration, and soil moisture that are comparable to several field-based studies and previous modeling work. Hillslope-scale analyses also highlight the influence of compensating changes in evapotranspiration and snow processes. Reduced transpiration in the Grey Phase of MPB-induced tree mortality was offset by increased late-summer evaporation, while overall snowpack dynamics were more dependent on elevation effects than MPB-induced tree mortality. At the watershed scale, unaffected areas obscured the magnitude of MPB effects. Annual water yield from the watershed increased during Grey Phase simulations by 11 percent; a difference that would be difficult to diagnose with long-term gage observations that are complicated by inter-annual climate variability. The effects on hydrology observed and simulated at the hillslope scale can be further damped at the watershed scale, which spans more life zones and a broader range of landscape properties. These scaling effects may change under extreme conditions, e.g., increased total MPB-affected area or a water year with above average snowpack.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1002/2015WR018300","usgsCitation":"Penn, C.A., Bearup, L.A., Maxwell, R.M., and Clow, D.W., 2016, Numerical experiments to explain multiscale hydrological responses to mountain pine beetle tree mortality in a headwater watershed: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 4, p. 3143-3161, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018300.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"3143","endPage":"3161","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070327","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr018300","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"573ee3d2e4b04a3a6a24ad3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penn, Colin A. 0000-0002-5195-2744 cpenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-2744","contributorId":5336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penn","given":"Colin","email":"cpenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bearup, Lindsay A.","contributorId":139257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bearup","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maxwell, Reed M.","contributorId":95373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Reed","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170768,"text":"70170768 - 2016 - Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems: A region by region overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T11:01:47","indexId":"70170768","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-25T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5075,"text":"Ecosystem Health and Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems: A region by region overview","docAbstract":"Inter-related and spatially variable climate change factors including sea level rise, increased storminess, altered precipitation regime and increasing temperature are impacting mangroves at regional scales. This review highlights extreme regional variation in climate change threats and impacts, and how these factors impact the structure of mangrove communities, their biodiversity and geomorphological setting. All these factors interplay to determine spatially variable resiliency to climate change impacts, and because mangroves are varied in type and geographical location, these systems are good models for understanding such interactions at different scales. Sea level rise is likely to influence mangroves in all regions although local impacts are likely to be more varied. Changes in the frequency and intensity of storminess are likely to have a greater impact on N and Central America, Asia, Australia, and East Africa than West Africa and S. America. This review also highlights the numerous geographical knowledge gaps of climate change impacts, with some regions particularly understudied (e.g., Africa and the Middle East). While there has been a recent drive to address these knowledge gaps especially in South America and Asia, further research is required to allow researchers to tease apart the processes that influence both vulnerability and resilience to climate change. A more globally representative view of mangroves would allow us to better understand the importance of mangrove type and landscape setting in determining system resiliency to future climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/ehs2.1211","usgsCitation":"Ward, R.D., Friess, D.A., Day, R.H., and MacKenzie, R.A., 2016, Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems: A region by region overview: Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, v. 2, no. 4, e01211; 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ehs2.1211.","productDescription":"e01211; 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069865","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471048,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ehs2.1211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ehs2.1211/full"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57287a31e4b0b13d391865c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Raymond D.","contributorId":169071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":25406,"text":"Aquatic Research Centre, School of the Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friess, Daniel A.","contributorId":169072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friess","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":25407,"text":"Department of Geography, National University of Singapore","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day, Richard H. 0000-0002-5959-7054 dayr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-7054","contributorId":2427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Richard","email":"dayr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacKenzie, Richard A.","contributorId":169073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":25408,"text":"Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Hilo, HI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175626,"text":"70175626 - 2016 - Modeling flow, sediment transport and morphodynamics in rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T10:54:44","indexId":"70175626","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modeling flow, sediment transport and morphodynamics in rivers","docAbstract":"Predicting the response of natural or man-made channels to imposed supplies of water and sediment is one of the difficult practical problems commonly addressed by fluvial geomorphologists. This problem typically arises in three situations. In the first situation, geomorphologists are attempting to understand why a channel or class of channels has a certain general form; in a sense, this is the central goal of fluvial geomorphology. In the second situation, geomorphologists are trying to understand and explain how and why a specific channel will evolve or has evolved in response to altered or unusual sediment and water supplies to that channel. For example, this would include explaining the short-term response of a channel to an unusually large flood or predicting the response of a channel to long-term changes in flow or sediment supply due to various human activities such as damming or diversions. Finally, geomorphologists may be called upon to design or assess the design of proposed man-made channels that must carry a certain range of flows and sediment loads in a stable or at least quasi-stable manner. In each of these three situations, the problem is really the same: geomorphologists must understand and predict the interaction of the flow field in the channel, the sediment movement in the channel and the geometry of the channel bed and banks. In general, the flow field, the movement of sediment making up the bed and the morphology of the bed are intricately linked; the flow moves the sediment, the bed is altered by erosion and deposition of sediment and the shape of the bed is critically important for predicting the flow. This complex linkage is precisely what makes understanding channel form and process such a difficult and interesting challenge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781118648551.ch18","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J.M., McDonald, R.R., Shimizu, Y., Kimura, I., Nabi, M., and Asahi, K., 2016, Modeling flow, sediment transport and morphodynamics in rivers, p. 412-441, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118648551.ch18.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"412","endPage":"441","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059573","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffbbe4b0f2f0cebfc301","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shimizu, Yasuyuki","contributorId":173790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shimizu","given":"Yasuyuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17805,"text":"Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kimura, Ichiro","contributorId":173798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimura","given":"Ichiro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17805,"text":"Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nabi, Mohamed","contributorId":173800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nabi","given":"Mohamed","affiliations":[{"id":17805,"text":"Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Asahi, Kazutake","contributorId":173792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asahi","given":"Kazutake","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27296,"text":"River Link Corporation, Tokyo, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70169104,"text":"sir20165031 - 2016 - The source of groundwater and solutes to Many Devils Wash at a former uranium mill site in Shiprock, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T09:52:57","indexId":"sir20165031","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-21T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5031","title":"The source of groundwater and solutes to Many Devils Wash at a former uranium mill site in Shiprock, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Shiprock Disposal Site is the location of the former Navajo Mill (Mill), a uranium ore-processing facility, located on a terrace overlooking the San Juan River in the town of Shiprock, New Mexico. Following the closure of the Mill, all tailings and associated materials were encapsulated in a disposal cell built on top of the former Mill and tailings piles. The milling operations, conducted at the site from 1954 to 1968, created radioactive tailings and process-related wastes that are now found in the groundwater. Elevated concentrations of constituents of concern—ammonium, manganese, nitrate, selenium, strontium, sulfate, and uranium—have also been measured in groundwater seeps in the nearby Many Devils Wash arroyo, leading to the inference that these constituents originated from the Mill. These constituents have also been reported in groundwater that is associated with Mancos Shale, the bedrock that underlies the site. The objective of this report is to increase understanding of the source of water and solutes to the groundwater beneath Many Devils Wash and to establish the background concentrations for groundwater that is in contact with the Mancos Shale at the site. This report presents evidence on three working hypotheses: (1) the water and solutes in Many Devils Wash originated from the operations at the former Mill, (2) groundwater in deep aquifers is upwelling under artesian pressure to recharge the shallow groundwater beneath Many Devils Wash, and (3) the groundwater beneath Many Devils Wash originates as precipitation that infiltrates into the shallow aquifer system and discharges to Many Devils Wash in a series of springs on the east side of the wash. The solute concentrations in the shallow groundwater of Many Devils Wash would result from the interaction of the water and the Mancos Shale if the source of water was upwelling from deep aquifers or precipitation.
In order to compare the groundwater from various wells to groundwater that has been affected by Mill activities, a classification system was developed to determine which wells were most likely to have been affected. Affects to groundwater by the Mill were determined by using the reported uranium alpha activity ratios measured in groundwater samples, along with the concentration of the uranium and the location of the wells relative to the Mill. Activity ratios of 1.2 or less were determined to be the most reliable indicator of Mill-affected groundwater. Wells with samples that had a reported activity ratio of 1.2 or less were classified as Mill affected. To compare groundwater with background water-quality, data from groundwater seeps and springs in the Upper Eagle Nest Arroyo and Salt Creek Wash, located north of the San Juan River, are also presented and analyzed.
Based on groundwater elevations and tritium concentrations measured in wells located between the disposal cell and Many Devils Wash, Mill water is not likely to reach Many Devils Wash. The tritium concentrations also indicate that groundwater from the Mill has not substantially affected Many Devils Wash in the past. Upwelling from deep aquifers was also determined to be an unlikely source, primarily by comparing the composition of the stable isotopes of water in the shallow groundwater with those reported in groundwater samples from the deeper aquifers. The stable-isotope compositions of the shallow groundwater around the site are enriched relative to the San Juan River and local meteoric lines, which suggests that most of the shallow groundwater has been influenced by evaporation and therefore was recharged at the surface. Several observations indicate that focused recharge is the likely source of groundwater in the area of Many Devils Wash. The visible erosional features in Many Devils Wash provide evidence of piping and groundwater sapping, and the distribution and type of vegetation in Many Devils Wash suggest that the focused recharge of precipitation is occurring. The estimated recharge from precipitation was calculated to be 0.0008 inches per year (in/yr) by using the mass-balance approach from reported seep discharge and 0.0011 in/yr using the chloride mass-balance approach.
A conceptual model of groundwater quality beneath Many Devils Wash is presented to explain the source of solutes in the groundwater beneath Many Devils Wash. The major-ion concentrations and geochemical evolution in the groundwater beneath Many Devils Wash and across the study area support the conceptual model that the underlying Mancos Shale is the source of solutes. Differences in the major-ion composition between groundwater samples collected around the site, result from the degree of weathering to the Mancos Shale. The cation distribution appears to be an indicator of effects from the Mill, with samples from the Mill-affected wells largely having a calcium/magnesium-sulfate composition that resembles the reported compositions of more weathered shale; however, that composition could change if the Mill-processed water flowed into areas where the Mancos Shale was less weathered. On the basis of the widespread presence of uranium in the Mancos Shale and the distribution of aqueous uranium in the analog sites and other sites in the region, it appears likely that uranium in the groundwater of Many Devils Wash is naturally sourced from the Mancos Shale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Navajo Nation Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Robertson, A.J., Ranalli, A.J., Austin, S.A., and Lawlis, B.R., 2016, The source of groundwater and solutes to Many Devils Wash at a former uranium mill site in Shiprock, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5031, 54 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165031.","productDescription":"x, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051391","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5031/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":320373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5031/sir20165031.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5031"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Shiprock","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.74404907226562,\n 36.84775766525783\n ],\n [\n -108.74267578125,\n 36.70806354647625\n ],\n [\n -108.54766845703125,\n 36.71356812817935\n ],\n [\n -108.56552124023438,\n 36.869733528373395\n ],\n [\n -108.74542236328125,\n 36.87742358748459\n ],\n [\n -108.74404907226562,\n 36.84775766525783\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5338 Montgomery Blvd. NE
Suite 400
Albuquerque, NM 87109
http://nm.water.usgs.gov/
The One Health initiative is a global effort fostering interdisciplinary collaborations to address challenges in human, animal, and environmental health. While One Health has received considerable press, its benefits remain unclear because its effects have not been quantitatively described. We systematically surveyed the published literature and used social network analysis to measure interdisciplinarity in One Health studies constructing dynamic pathogen transmission models. The number of publications fulfilling our search criteria increased by 14.6% per year, which is faster than growth rates for life sciences as a whole and for most biology subdisciplines. Surveyed publications clustered into three communities: one used by ecologists, one used by veterinarians, and a third diverse-authorship community used by population biologists, mathematicians, epidemiologists, and experts in human health. Overlap between these communities increased through time in terms of author number, diversity of co-author affiliations, and diversity of citations. However, communities continue to differ in the systems studied, questions asked, and methods employed. While the infectious disease research community has made significant progress toward integrating its participating disciplines, some segregation—especially along the veterinary/ecological research interface—remains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public library of science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.1002448","usgsCitation":"Manlove, K., Walker, J.G., Craft, M.E., Huyvaert, K., Joseph, M.B., Miller, R.S., Nol, P., Patyk, K.A., O’Brian, D., Walsh, D.P., and Cross, P.C., 2016, “One Health” or three? Publication silos among the One Health disciplines: PLoS Biology, v. 14, no. 4, e1002448; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002448.","productDescription":"e1002448; 14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072536","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002448","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc8e4b07e28b662dd7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manlove, Kezia","contributorId":68204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manlove","given":"Kezia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Josephine G","contributorId":168371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Josephine","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":7172,"text":"University of Bristol, U.K. and University of Oregon, Eugene","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Craft, Meggan E.","contributorId":168372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craft","given":"Meggan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huyvaert, Kathryn P.","contributorId":73906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huyvaert","given":"Kathryn P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joseph, Maxwell B.","contributorId":39678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Maxwell","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Ryan S.","contributorId":49005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nol, Pauline","contributorId":34053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nol","given":"Pauline","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Patyk, Kelly A.","contributorId":139696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patyk","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"O’Brian, Daniel","contributorId":168373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brian","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7024,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Walsh, Daniel P. 0000-0002-7772-2445 dwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-2445","contributorId":4758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Daniel","email":"dwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70170459,"text":"70170459 - 2016 - Wintering Sandhill Crane exposure to wind energy development in the central and southern Great Plains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T10:33:43","indexId":"70170459","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-21T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wintering Sandhill Crane exposure to wind energy development in the central and southern Great Plains, USA","docAbstract":"Numerous wind energy projects have been constructed in the central and southern Great Plains, USA, the main wintering area for midcontinental Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis). In an initial assessment of the potential risks of wind towers to cranes, we estimated spatial overlap, investigated potential avoidance behavior, and determined the habitat associations of cranes. We used data from cranes marked with platform transmitting terminals (PTTs) with and without global positioning system (GPS) capabilities. We estimated the wintering distributions of PTT-marked cranes prior to the construction of wind towers, which we compared with current tower locations. Based on this analysis, we found 7% spatial overlap between the distributions of cranes and towers. When we looked at individually marked cranes, we found that 52% would have occurred within 10 km of a tower at some point during winter. Using data from cranes marked after tower construction, we found a potential indication of avoidance behavior, whereby GPS-marked cranes generally used areas slightly more distant from existing wind towers than would be expected by chance. Results from a habitat selection model suggested that distances between crane locations and towers may have been driven more by habitat selection than by avoidance, as most wind towers were constructed in locations not often selected by wintering cranes. Our findings of modest regional overlap and that few towers have been placed in preferred crane habitat suggest that the current distribution of wind towers may be of low risk to the continued persistence of wintering midcontinental Sandhill Cranes in the central and southern Great Plains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-15-99.1","usgsCitation":"Pearse, A.T., Brandt, D.A., and Krapu, G., 2016, Wintering Sandhill Crane exposure to wind energy development in the central and southern Great Plains, USA: The Condor, v. 118, no. 2, p. 391-401, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-15-99.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"401","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061835","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-15-99.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krapu, Gary 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":168791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170494,"text":"70170494 - 2016 - Potential effects of sea-level rise on plant productivity: Species-specific responses in northeast Pacific tidal marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:42:39","indexId":"70170494","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-21T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of sea-level rise on plant productivity: Species-specific responses in northeast Pacific tidal marshes","docAbstract":"Coastal wetland plants are adapted to varying degrees of inundation. However, functional relationships between inundation and productivity are poorly characterized for most species. Determining species-specific tolerances to inundation is necessary to evaluate sea-level rise (SLR) effects on future marsh plant community composition, quantify organic matter inputs to marsh accretion, and inform predictive modeling of tidal wetland persistence. In 2 macrotidal estuaries in the northeast Pacific we grew 5 common species in experimental mesocosms across a gradient of tidal elevations to assess effects on growth. We also tested whether species abundance distributions along elevation gradients in adjacent marshes matched productivity profiles in the mesocosms. We found parabolic relationships between inundation and total plant biomass and shoot counts in Spartina foliosa and Bolboschoenus maritimus in California, USA, and in Carex lyngbyei in Oregon, USA, with maximum total plant biomass occurring at 38, 28, and 15% time submerged, respectively. However, biomass of Salicornia pacifica and Juncus balticus declined monotonically with increasing inundation. Inundation effects on the ratio of belowground to aboveground biomass varied inconsistently among species. In comparisons of field distributions with mesocosm results, B. maritimus, C. lyngbyei and J. balticus were abundant in marshes at or above elevations corresponding with their maximum productivity; however, S. foliosa and S. pacifica were frequently abundant at lower elevations corresponding with sub-optimal productivity. Our findings show species-level differences in how marsh plant growth may respond to future SLR and highlight the sensitivity of high marsh species such as S. pacifica and J. balticus to increases in flooding.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"Inter Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps11683","usgsCitation":"Janousek, C., Buffington, K., Thorne, K.M., Guntenspergen, G.R., Takekawa, J.Y., and Dugger, B., 2016, Potential effects of sea-level rise on plant productivity: Species-specific responses in northeast Pacific tidal marshes: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 548, p. 111-125, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11683.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067489","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11683","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","city":"Petaluma, Siletz","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.9645767211914,\n 44.68915916393589\n ],\n [\n -123.9645767211914,\n 44.752828833304385\n ],\n [\n -123.87067794799805,\n 44.752828833304385\n ],\n [\n -123.87067794799805,\n 44.68915916393589\n ],\n [\n -123.9645767211914,\n 44.68915916393589\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.82577514648438,\n 38.15021749945389\n ],\n [\n -122.82577514648438,\n 38.35942628215571\n ],\n [\n -122.48519897460936,\n 38.35942628215571\n ],\n [\n -122.48519897460936,\n 38.15021749945389\n ],\n [\n -122.82577514648438,\n 38.15021749945389\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"548","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571b4b33e4b071321fe31cc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janousek, Christopher 0000-0003-2124-6715 cjanousek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-6715","contributorId":150053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janousek","given":"Christopher","email":"cjanousek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buffington, Kevin J. 0000-0001-9741-1241 kbuffington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-1241","contributorId":4775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"Kevin","email":"kbuffington@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657 kthorne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":4191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen","email":"kthorne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dugger, Bruce D.","contributorId":81236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Bruce D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70170882,"text":"70170882 - 2016 - The Point Sal–Point Piedras Blancas correlation and the problem of slip on the San Gregorio–Hosgri fault, central California Coast Ranges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T11:06:22","indexId":"70170882","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-20T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Point Sal–Point Piedras Blancas correlation and the problem of slip on the San Gregorio–Hosgri fault, central California Coast Ranges","docAbstract":"
Existing models for large-magnitude, right-lateral slip on the San Gregorio–Hosgri fault system imply much more deformation of the onshore block in the Santa Maria basin than is supported by geologic data. This problem is resolved by a model in which dextral slip on this fault system increases gradually from 0–10 km near Point Arguello to ∼150 km at Cape San Martin, but such a model requires abandoning the cross-fault tie between Point Sal and Point Piedras Blancas, which requires 90–100 km of right-lateral slip on the southern Hosgri fault. We collected stratigraphic and detrital zircon data from Miocene clastic rocks overlying Jurassic basement at both localities to determine if either section contained unique characteristics that could establish how far apart they were in the early Miocene. Our data indicate that these basins formed in the early Miocene during a period of widespread transtensional basin formation in the central Coast Ranges, and they filled with sediment derived from nearby pre-Cenozoic basement rocks. Although detrital zircon data do not indicate a unique source component in either section, they establish the maximum depositional age of the previously undated Point Piedras Blancas section to be 18 Ma. We also show that detrital zircon trace-element data can be used to discriminate between zircons of oceanic crust and arc affinity of the same age, a potentially useful tool in future studies of the California Coast Ranges. Overall, we find no characteristics in the stratigraphy and provenance of the Point Sal and Point Piedras Blancas sections that are sufficiently unique to prove whether they were far apart or close together in the early Miocene, making them of questionable utility as piercing points.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1130/GES01289.1","usgsCitation":"Colgan, J.P., and Stanley, R.G., 2016, The Point Sal–Point Piedras Blancas correlation and the problem of slip on the San Gregorio–Hosgri fault, central California Coast Ranges: Geosphere, v. 12, no. 3, p. 971-984, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01289.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"971","endPage":"984","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061433","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01289.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572dc05be4b0dae0d5d8f2d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170766,"text":"70170766 - 2016 - Biogeographical history and coalescent species delimitation of Pacific island skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Emoia cyanura species group)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T16:26:11","indexId":"70170766","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-20T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeographical history and coalescent species delimitation of Pacific island skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Emoia cyanura species group)","docAbstract":"A prevailing hypothesis for how Pacific islands organisms have obtained their extant distributions is that of a stepping-stone model, in which populations originate from Papua New Guinea in the western Pacific and gradually disperse eastward. Here, we test this model using a spatiotemporal framework for Emoia cyanura and E. impar, two species within the Emoia cyanura species group (ECSG; Family: Scincidae). We further assess species limits within the group, utilizing novel coalescent methods.
\nPacific Islands.
\nWe obtained DNA sequence data from one mitochondrial and three nuclear markers for 117 individuals, representing seven of the nine species within the ECSG. These data were analysed for concordance with the stepping-stone model using estimation of population structure, divergence dates, and historical biogeographical range. To assess hypotheses of independent lineages within each widespread species, we also employed the Bayesian Phylogenetics & Phylogeography (BPP) program to define operational taxonomic units in *BEAST.
\nPopulation structure analyses consistently found individuals from western island groups representing divergent populations, with central and eastern populations demonstrating minimal genetic variation. Phylogenetic hypotheses support a western origin for E. cyanura and E. impar, while biogeographical and divergence time estimations predict a recent and rapid expansion out of the western Pacific. The BPP and *BEAST analyses found evidence for five independent lineages within E. impar and five independent lineages within E. cyanura/E. pseudocyanura.
\nIn contrast to the expectations of a stepping-stone model, E. cyanura and E. impar each exhibit the genetic signature of a rapid radiation during the mid to late Pleistocene, with evidence for newly identified lineages, mainly on western islands. Of these recovered lineages, we propose three to be elevated to species status. These findings expand our understanding of endemic Pacific biota, which are subject to conservation threats from human impacts and climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Scientific Publications","doi":"10.1111/jbi.12772","usgsCitation":"Klein, E., Harris, R., Fisher, R.N., and Reeder, T., 2016, Biogeographical history and coalescent species delimitation of Pacific island skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Emoia cyanura species group): Journal of Biogeography, v. 43, no. 10, p. 1917-1929, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12772.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1917","endPage":"1929","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071494","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320843,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 191.7333984375,\n 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57287a2be4b0b13d391865b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Elaine","contributorId":169068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klein","given":"Elaine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25403,"text":"U Washington, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Rebecca","contributorId":169069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25404,"text":"U of Washington, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 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estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:01:11","indexId":"70162080","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-20T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of lek count protocols on greater sage-grouse population trend estimates","docAbstract":"Annual counts of males displaying at lek sites are an important tool for monitoring greater sage-grouse populations (Centrocercus urophasianus), but seasonal and diurnal variation in lek attendance may increase variance and bias of trend analyses. Recommendations for protocols to reduce observation error have called for restricting lek counts to within 30 minutes of sunrise, but this may limit the number of lek counts available for analysis, particularly from years before monitoring was widely standardized. Reducing the temporal window for conducting lek counts also may constrain the ability of agencies to monitor leks efficiently. We used lek count data collected across Wyoming during 1995−2014 to investigate the effect of lek counts conducted between 30 minutes before and 30, 60, or 90 minutes after sunrise on population trend estimates. We also evaluated trends across scales relevant to management, including statewide, within Working Group Areas and Core Areas, and for individual leks. To further evaluate accuracy and precision of trend estimates from lek count protocols, we used simulations based on a lek attendance model and compared simulated and estimated values of annual rate of change in population size (λ) from scenarios of varying numbers of leks, lek count timing, and count frequency (counts/lek/year). We found that restricting analyses to counts conducted within 30 minutes of sunrise generally did not improve precision of population trend estimates, although differences among timings increased as the number of leks and count frequency decreased. Lek attendance declined >30 minutes after sunrise, but simulations indicated that including lek counts conducted up to 90 minutes after sunrise can increase the number of leks monitored compared to trend estimates based on counts conducted within 30 minutes of sunrise. This increase in leks monitored resulted in greater precision of estimates without reducing accuracy. Increasing count frequency also improved precision. These results suggest that the current distribution of count timings available in lek count databases such as that of Wyoming (conducted up to 90 minutes after sunrise) can be used to estimate sage-grouse population trends without reducing precision or accuracy relative to trends from counts conducted within 30 minutes of sunrise. However, only 10% of all Wyoming counts in our sample (1995−2014) were conducted 61−90 minutes after sunrise, and further increasing this percentage may still bias trend estimates because of declining lek attendance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.1050","usgsCitation":"Monroe, A., Edmunds, D.R., and Aldridge, C.L., 2016, Effects of lek count protocols on greater sage-grouse population trend estimates: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 4, p. 667-678, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1050.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"667","endPage":"678","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068601","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57189a1be4b0ef3b7caaf785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monroe, Adrian P. 0000-0003-0934-8225 amonroe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0934-8225","contributorId":152209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"Adrian P.","email":"amonroe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edmunds, David R. 0000-0002-5212-8271 dedmunds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5212-8271","contributorId":152210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmunds","given":"David","email":"dedmunds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174896,"text":"70174896 - 2016 - Effect of cysteine and humic acids on bioavailability of Ag from Ag nanoparticles to a freshwater snail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-25T11:55:44","indexId":"70174896","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-20T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5146,"text":"NanoImpact","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of cysteine and humic acids on bioavailability of Ag from Ag nanoparticles to a freshwater snail","docAbstract":"Metal-based engineered nanoparticles (NPs) will undergo transformations that will affect their bioavailability, toxicity and ecological risk when released to the environment, including interactions with dissolved organic material. The purpose of this paper is to determine how interactions with two different types of organic material affect the bioavailability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Silver uptake rates by the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis were determined after exposure to 25 nmol l-1 of Ag as PVP AgNPs, PEG AgNPs or AgNO3, in the presence of either Suwannee River humic acid or cysteine, a high-affinity thiol-rich organic ligand. Total uptake rate of Ag from the two NPs was either increased or not strongly affected in the presence of 1 – 10 mg 1-1 humic acid. Humic substances contain relatively few strong ligands for Ag explaining their limited effects on Ag uptake rate. In contrast, Ag uptake rate was substantially reduced by cysteine. Three components of uptake from the AgNPs were quantified in the presence of cysteine using a biodynamic modeling approach: uptake of dissolved Ag released by the AgNPs, uptake of a polymer or large (>3kD) Ag-cysteine complex and uptake of the nanoparticle itself. Addition of 1:1 Ag:cysteine reduced concentrations of dissolved Ag, which contributed to, but did not fully explain the reductions in uptake. A bioavailable Ag-cysteine complex (> 3kD) appeared to be the dominant avenue of uptake from both PVP AgNPs and PEG AgNPs in the presence of cysteine. Quantifying the different avenues of uptake sets the stage for studies to assess toxicity unique to NPs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2016.06.006","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., Stoiber, T., Croteau, M.N., Romer, I., Merrifeild, R., and Lead, J., 2016, Effect of cysteine and humic acids on bioavailability of Ag from Ag nanoparticles to a freshwater snail: NanoImpact, v. 2, p. 61-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2016.06.006.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"69","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073881","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5790a17ee4b030378fb47425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoiber, Tasha","contributorId":173022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoiber","given":"Tasha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16975,"text":"University of California Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romer, Isabelle","contributorId":173025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romer","given":"Isabelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27144,"text":"University of Birmingham, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merrifeild, Ruth","contributorId":173023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merrifeild","given":"Ruth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27143,"text":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lead, Jamie","contributorId":173024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lead","given":"Jamie","affiliations":[{"id":27143,"text":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70170412,"text":"70170412 - 2016 - Avian mercury exposure and toxicological risk across western North America: A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:31:03","indexId":"70170412","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-20T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian mercury exposure and toxicological risk across western North America: A synthesis","docAbstract":"Methylmercury contamination of the environment is an important issue globally, and birds are useful bioindicators for mercury monitoring programs. The available data on mercury contamination of birds in western North America were synthesized. Original data from multiple databases were obtained and a literature review was conducted to obtain additional mercury concentrations. In total, 29219 original bird mercury concentrations from 225 species were compiled, and an additional 1712 mean mercury concentrations, representing 19998 individuals and 176 species, from 200 publications were obtained. To make mercury data comparable across bird tissues, published equations of tissue mercury correlations were used to convert all mercury concentrations into blood-equivalent mercury concentrations. Blood-equivalent mercury concentrations differed among species, foraging guilds, habitat types, locations, and ecoregions. Piscivores and carnivores exhibited the greatest mercury concentrations, whereas herbivores and granivores exhibited the lowest mercury concentrations. Bird mercury concentrations were greatest in ocean and salt marsh habitats and lowest in terrestrial habitats. Bird mercury concentrations were above toxicity benchmarks in many areas throughout western North America, and multiple hotspots were identified. Additionally, published toxicity benchmarks established in multiple tissues were summarized and translated into a common blood-equivalent mercury concentration. Overall, 66% of birds sampled in western North American exceeded a blood-equivalent mercury concentration of 0.2 μg/g wet weight (ww; above background levels), which is the lowest-observed effect level, 28% exceeded 1.0 μg/g ww (moderate risk), 8% exceeded 3.0 μg/g ww (high risk), and 4% exceeded 4.0 μg/g ww (severe risk). Mercury monitoring programs should sample bird tissues, such as adult blood and eggs, that are most-easily translated into tissues with well-developed toxicity benchmarks and that are directly relevant to bird reproduction. Results indicate that mercury contamination of birds is prevalent in many areas throughout western North America, and large-scale ecological attributes are important factors influencing bird mercury concentrations.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Lubbock and the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, developed and calibrated a Soil and Water Assessment Tool watershed model of the Double Mountain Fork Brazos River watershed in western Texas to simulate monthly mean streamflow and to evaluate the effects of brush management on water yields in the watershed, particularly to Lake Alan Henry, for calendar years 1994–2013. Model simulations were done to quantify the possible change in water yield of individual subbasins in the Double Mountain Fork Brazos River watershed as a result of the replacement of shrubland (brush) with grassland. The simulation results will serve as a tool for resource managers to guide brush-management efforts.
\nThe model was calibrated from 1994 through 2008 and validated from 2009 through 2013 with streamflow data collected at the U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 08079600 Double Mountain Fork Brazos River at Justiceburg, Texas (hereinafter referred to as the “Justiceburg gage”). Simulated monthly mean streamflow showed agreement with measured monthly mean streamflow for the 1994–2013 study period: the percentage bias was +6, the coefficient of determination was 0.73, and the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of model efficiency was 0.71.
\nThe calibrated watershed model was used to perform brush-management simulations. The National Land Cover Database 2006, which was the land-cover data used to develop the watershed model, was modified to simulate shrubland replacement with grassland in each of the 35 model subbasins. After replacement of shrubland with grassland in areas with land slope less than 20 percent and excluding riparian areas, the modeled 20-year (1994 through 2013) water yields to Lake Alan Henry increased by 114,000 acre-feet or about 5,700 acre-feet per year. In terms of the increase in water yield per acre of shrubland replaced with grassland, the average annual increase in water yield was 17,300 gallons per acre. Within the modeled subbasins, the increase in average annual water yield ranged from 5,850 to 34,400 gallons per acre of shrubland replaced with grassland. Subbasins downstream from the Justiceburg gage had a higher average annual increase in water yield (21,700 gallons per acre) than subbasins upstream from the streamflow-gaging station (16,800 gallons per acre).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Lubbock and the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Harwell, G.R., Stengel, V.G., and Bumgarner, J.R., 2016, Simulation of streamflow and the effects of brush management on water yields in the Double Mountain Fork Brazos River watershed, western Texas 1994–2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5032, 39 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165032.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 39 p.; Precipitation and Temperature Data","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-072426","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320033,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5032/sir20165032_data.zip","text":"Precipitation and Temperature Data","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016–5032 Precipitation and Temperature Data"},{"id":319869,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5032/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319870,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5032/sir20165032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5032"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Double Mountain Fork Brazos River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.7,\n 33.165\n ],\n [\n -101.7,\n 32.835\n ],\n [\n -100.9,\n 32.835\n ],\n [\n -100.9,\n 33.165\n ],\n [\n -101.7,\n 33.165\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4733
Many barrier islands in the United States are eroding and losing elevation substantively because of storm surge, waves, and sea-level changes. This is particularly true for the deltaic barrier system in Louisiana. Breton Island is near the mouth of the Mississippi River at the southern end of the Chandeleur barrier island chain in southeast Louisiana. This report expands on previous geomorphic studies of Breton Island by incorporating additional historic and recent datasets. Multiple analyses focus on longand short-term shoreline change, as well as episodic events and anthropogenic modification. Analyses periods include long term (1869–2014), long-term historic (1869–1950), post-Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet (1950–2014), pre/post-Hurricane Katrina (2004–5), and recent (2005–14). In addition to shoreline change, barrier island geomorphology is evaluated using island area, elevation, and sediment volume change. In the long term (1869–2014), Breton Island was affected by landward transgression, island narrowing, and elevation loss. Major storm events exacerbated the long-term trends. In the recent period (2005–14), Breton Island eroded at a slower rate than in the long-term and gained area and total sediment volume. The recent accretion is likely because of the lack of major storms since Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161039","usgsCitation":"Terrano, J.F., Flocks, J.G., and Smith, K.E.L., 2016, Analysis of shoreline and geomorphic change for Breton Island, Louisiana, from 1869 to 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1039, 34 p.,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161039.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 34 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070444","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320056,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1039/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":320057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1039/ofr20161039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.69 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1039"},{"id":324797,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70G3H6G","text":"USGS data release - Topobathymetric Lidar Survey of Breton and Gosier Islands, Louisiana, January 16 and 18, 2014"},{"id":324798,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7XS5SGM","text":"USGS data release - A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for Breton Island, Louisiana: 1869–2014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Breton Island, Breton National Wildlife Refuge, Chandeleur barrier island chain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.17087554931639,\n 29.50729642400116\n ],\n [\n -89.17757034301758,\n 29.506698839472033\n ],\n [\n -89.18306350708008,\n 29.503262659979747\n ],\n [\n -89.18684005737305,\n 29.49579230227246\n ],\n [\n -89.18478012084961,\n 29.493849919009545\n ],\n [\n -89.1840934753418,\n 29.492206334848714\n ],\n [\n -89.17928695678711,\n 29.492804004901785\n ],\n [\n -89.17671203613281,\n 29.49235575269256\n ],\n [\n -89.17722702026367,\n 29.48862024048175\n ],\n [\n -89.18169021606444,\n 29.483390291999466\n ],\n [\n -89.18254852294922,\n 29.477861195816843\n ],\n [\n -89.1789436340332,\n 29.473676814427723\n ],\n [\n -89.1734504699707,\n 29.473527369040777\n ],\n [\n -89.16847229003906,\n 29.478907264175373\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 29.48742484748479\n ],\n [\n -89.16435241699219,\n 29.497585238377603\n ],\n [\n -89.16521072387695,\n 29.501918036260868\n ],\n [\n -89.1653823852539,\n 29.506101251415647\n ],\n [\n -89.16778564453125,\n 29.508043399702284\n ],\n [\n -89.17087554931639,\n 29.50729642400116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
In 2013, Landsat 8 began adding high quality, global, moderate-resolution imagery to the more than 40-year archive of Landsat imagery. To assess the potential effects of the availability of Landsat 8 imagery on users and their work, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Land Remote Sensing Program (LRS) initiated a survey of Landsat users. The objectives of the survey were to
\n1. Characterize various Landsat user groups, such as United States (U.S.) and international users and Landsat 8 and non-Landsat 8 users;
2. Identify any differences among user groups in uses and preferences;
3. Measure the importance of and satisfaction with Landsat 8 attributes;
4. Assess the importance to users of the frequency of usable imagery; and
5. Determine any challenges in using Landsat 8.
The online survey was sent to 51,617 Landsat users registered with USGS in May 2014. Almost 13,000 people responded to the survey for a response rate of 25 percent (n = 12,966). Current Landsat users (users who had used Landsat in their work in the year prior to the survey) composed 89 percent of the sample (n = 11,549) and past Landsat users composed 11 percent (n = 1,417). The results reported here apply to current Landsat users registered with the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center.
\nUsers from 161 countries responded to the survey. Of those, 19 percent were citizens or permanent residents of the United States and 81 percent resided in other countries. More than 70 percent of current users had used Landsat 8 in the year prior to the survey. The majority of Landsat 8 users (65 percent) were established users who used Landsat imagery regularly both before and after Landsat 8 imagery became available. The average current Landsat user was male, 36 years old, and highly educated, with 9 years of experience using satellite imagery or geographic information system (GIS) software. Landsat 8 users had, on average, two more years of experience than non-Landsat 8 users. Users were employed predominantly by academic institutions (65 percent), followed by private businesses (13 percent), Federal governments (10 percent), State and local governments (6 percent), and nonprofit organizations (6 percent).
\nOf the Landsat imagery obtained in the past year by current users, on average 31 percent came from a Landsat 8 sensor. An equivalent amount came from the Landsat 7 ETM+ sensor (33 percent); slightly less came from Landsats 4 and 5 TM sensors (27 percent). Much less came from Landsats 1 through 5 MSS sensors (5 percent). Overall, more than a third of users’ work used Landsat imagery (38 percent). Of this work, on average, 37 percent of the work was operational. Landsat 8 users considered a greater proportion of their work operational than non-Landsat 8 users (39 percent compared with 29 percent). Environmental sciences and management were the most commonly selected primary applications (selected by 42 percent of users). Land use/land cover (23 percent) was the second most commonly selected primary application, followed by education (12 percent), agriculture (9 percent), and planning and development (6 percent).
\nLandsat 8 users were asked to rank the importance of certain attributes in determining whether to use Landsat 8 imagery in their work. The archive was ranked most important, followed by cost, spatial resolution, extent of coverage, data quality, and frequency of revisit. Users were asked how satisfied they were with these same attributes as they currently apply to Landsat 8 imagery. On average, users were most satisfied with lack of cost, extent of coverage, data quality, and the archive, but they were satisfied with all attributes.
\nUsers were asked how often they needed Landsat imagery to meet various requirements for their primary application. The survey question specifically asked how often users needed usable imagery, which differs from how often they would like the Landsat satellites to acquire an image. Users were asked to identify their needed frequency of usable imagery for the following levels:
\n1. Threshold level—the minimum frequency of usable imagery needed to be of any value to their primary application.
2. Breakthrough level—the frequency of usable imagery that would result in a significant improvement for their primary application of the imagery.
3. Target level—the frequency of usable imagery that would only provide a limited additional increase in the expected performance for their primary application.
To meet the threshold level, three-quarters of users needed usable imagery every 17 days or less frequently. At the breakthrough level, two-thirds of users (64 percent) needed a usable image every 5–16 days. The current constellation of two satellites (Landsat 7 and 8) is capable of meeting the threshold and breakthrough needs of most users at least some of the time, but a single satellite would be highly unlikely to do so. Two-fifths of users (40 percent) felt that usable imagery provided every 4 days or more frequently would meet their target level which the current Landsat constellation cannot provide. Landsat 8 users were significantly more likely than non-Landsat 8 users to need usable imagery more frequently to meet their target levels. Additionally, U.S. Landsat 8 users were significantly more likely than other Landsat users to need usable imagery more frequently in order meet both their breakthrough and target levels.
\nTo explore the effect of the availability of Landsat 8 imagery on Landsat imagery use in general, established users (those who had consistently used Landsat imagery both before and after Landsat 8 imagery became available) using Landsat 8 imagery were asked about changes in the amount of Landsat imagery they used. The majority of established users using Landsat 8 imagery (60 percent) reported an average increase of 51 percent in the number of scenes obtained after Landsat 8 imagery became available. Landsat 8 users were asked if they had encountered challenges in using Landsat 8 whereas non-Landsat 8 users were asked if such challenges had played a role in why they were not using Landsat 8 imagery. Although many users did not encounter challenges when using or trying to use Landsat 8 data, slightly less than 30 percent did encounter issues with processing the data to a usable point. The most common issue reported was not being able to create or have access to a surface reflectance corrected product. Other challenges were related to the file sizes of images being too large to download, store, or analyze. There were no statistically significant differences between Landsat 8 and non-Landsat 8 users in terms of challenges encountered when using or trying to use the imagery, which indicates that users were not unduly discouraged by the challenges they may have encountered. When asked about potential consequences of not using Landsat 8, more than half of the non-Landsat 8 users did not report detrimental effects on their work from not using the imagery. Of those who did report detrimental effects, decreased quality of work, decreased scope of work, and increased time spent on work were the most common.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161032","usgsCitation":"Miller, H.M., 2016, Users and uses of Landsat 8 satellite imagery—2014 survey results: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1032, 27 p., https://dx.doi/org/10.3133/ofr20161032.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069774","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320059,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1032/ofr20161032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1032"},{"id":320058,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1032/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Center Director, USGS Fort Collins Science Center
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Box 25046, MS-939
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
Concentrations of H2O and CO2 in olivine-hosted melt inclusions can be used to estimate crystallization depths for the olivine host. However, the original dissolved CO2concentration of melt inclusions at the time of trapping can be difficult to measure directly because in many cases substantial CO2 is transferred to shrinkage bubbles that form during post-entrapment cooling and crystallization. To investigate this problem, we heated olivine from the 1959 Kīlauea Iki and 1960 Kapoho (Hawai‘i) eruptions in a 1-atm furnace to temperatures above the melt inclusion trapping temperature to redissolve the CO2 in shrinkage bubbles. The measured CO2 concentrations of the experimentally rehomogenized inclusions (⩽590 ppm for Kīlauea Iki [n=10]; ⩽880 ppm for Kapoho, with one inclusion at 1863 ppm [n=38]) overlap with values for naturally quenched inclusions from the same samples, but experimentally rehomogenized inclusions have higher within-sample median CO2 values than naturally quenched inclusions, indicating at least partial dissolution of CO2 from the vapor bubble during heating. Comparison of our data with predictions from modeling of vapor bubble formation and published Raman data on the density of CO2 in the vapor bubbles suggests that 55-85% of the dissolved CO2 in the melt inclusions at the time of trapping was lost to post-entrapment shrinkage bubbles. Our results combined with the Raman data demonstrate that olivine from the early part of the Kīlauea Iki eruption crystallized at <6 km depth, with the majority of olivine in the 1-3 km depth range. These depths are consistent with the interpretation that the Kīlauea Iki magma was supplied from Kīlauea’s summit magma reservoir (∼2-5 km depth). In contrast, olivine from Kapoho, which was the rift zone extension of the Kīlauea Iki eruption, crystallized over a much wider range of depths (∼1-16 km). The wider depth range requires magma transport during the Kapoho eruption from deep beneath the summit region and/or from deep beneath Kīlauea’s east rift zone. The deeply derived olivine crystals and their host magma mixed with stored, more evolved magma in the rift zone, and the mixture was later erupted at Kapoho.
\nThe Florida Everglades freshwater landscape exhibits a distribution of islands covered by woody vegetation and bordered by marshes and wet prairies. Known as “tree islands”, these ecogeomorphic features can be found in few other low gradient, nutrient limited freshwater wetlands. In the last few decades, however, a large percentage of tree islands have either shrank or disappeared in apparent response to altered water depths and other stressors associated with human impacts on the Everglades. Because the processes determining the formation and spatial organization of tree islands remain poorly understood, it is still unclear what controls the sensitivity of these landscapes to altered conditions. We hypothesize that positive feedbacks between woody plants and soil accretion are crucial to emergence and decline of tree islands. Likewise, positive feedbacks between phosphorus (P) accumulation and trees explain the P enrichment commonly observed in tree island soils. Here, we develop a spatially-explicit model of tree island formation and evolution, which accounts for these positive feedbacks (facilitation) as well as for long range competition and fire dynamics. It is found that tree island patterns form within a range of parameter values consistent with field data. Simulated impacts of reduced water levels, increased intensity of drought, and increased frequency of dry season/soil consuming fires on these feedback mechanisms result in the decline and disappearance of tree islands on the landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2016.03.007","usgsCitation":"Carr, J., D’Odorico, P., Engel, V.C., and Redwine, J., 2016, Tree island pattern formation in the Florida Everglades: Ecological Complexity, v. 26, p. 37-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2016.03.007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064593","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vh3x450","text":"External Repository"},{"id":320122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n 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A.","email":"jcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Odorico, P.","contributorId":56528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Odorico","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engel, Victor C. 0000-0002-3858-7308 vengel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7308","contributorId":2329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"Victor","email":"vengel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Redwine, Jed","contributorId":168646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redwine","given":"Jed","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25343,"text":"Southeast Region of the National Park Service Palmetto Bay, FL, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176538,"text":"70176538 - 2016 - Estimates of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) diet in Lake Ontario using two and three isotope mixing models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-21T12:44:11","indexId":"70176538","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) diet in Lake Ontario using two and three isotope mixing models","docAbstract":"Recent development of multi-dimensional stable isotope models for estimating both foraging patterns and niches have presented the analytical tools to further assess the food webs of freshwater populations. One approach to refine predictions from these analyses is to include a third isotope to the more common two-isotope carbon and nitrogen mixing models to increase the power to resolve different prey sources. We compared predictions made with two-isotope carbon and nitrogen mixing models and three-isotope models that also included sulphur (δ34S) for the diets of Lake Ontario lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). We determined the isotopic compositions of lake trout and potential prey fishes sampled from Lake Ontario and then used quantitative estimates of resource use generated by two- and three-isotope Bayesian mixing models (SIAR) to infer feeding patterns of lake trout. Both two- and three-isotope models indicated that alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) were the primary prey items, but the three-isotope models were more consistent with recent measures of prey fish abundances and lake trout diets. The lake trout sampled directly from the hatcheries had isotopic compositions derived from the hatchery food which were distinctively different from those derived from the natural prey sources. Those hatchery signals were retained for months after release, raising the possibility to distinguish hatchery-reared yearlings and similarly sized naturally reproduced lake trout based on isotopic compositions. Addition of a third-isotope resulted in mixing model results that confirmed round goby have become an important component of lake trout diet and may be overtaking alewife as a prey resource.
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2016 - A revised surface age for the North Polar Layered Deposits of Mars ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T17:01:06","indexId":"70178184","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A revised surface age for the North Polar Layered Deposits of Mars ","docAbstract":"The North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD) of Mars contain a complex stratigraphy that has been suggested to retain a record of past eccentricity- and obliquity-forced climate changes. The surface accumulation rate in the current climate can be constrained by the crater retention age. We scale NPLD crater diameters to account for icy target strength and compare surface age using a new production function for recent small impacts on Mars to the previously used model of Hartmann (2005). Our results indicate that ice is accumulating in these craters several times faster than previously thought, with a 100 m diameter crater being completely infilled within centuries. Craters appear to have a diameter-dependent lifetime, but the data also permit a complete resurfacing of the NPLD at ~1.5 ka.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016GL068434","usgsCitation":"Landis, M., Byrne, S., Daubar, I., Herkenhoff, K.E., and Dundas, C.M., 2016, A revised surface age for the North Polar Layered Deposits of Mars : Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 7, p. 3060-3068, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068434.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3060","endPage":"3068","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-070849","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl068434","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"43","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5821a0dde4b02f1a881de974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landis, Margaret E.","contributorId":176713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landis","given":"Margaret E.","affiliations":[{"id":25655,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 1629 E. University Blvd., The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daubar, Ingrid J.","contributorId":34431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daubar","given":"Ingrid J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182739,"text":"70182739 - 2016 - Volcanic lightning and plume behavior reveal evolving hazards during the April 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T11:33:23","indexId":"70182739","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic lightning and plume behavior reveal evolving hazards during the April 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano, Chile","docAbstract":"Soon after the onset of an eruption, model forecasts of ash dispersal are used to mitigate the hazards to aircraft, infrastructure and communities downwind. However, it is a significant challenge to constrain the model inputs during an evolving eruption. Here we demonstrate that volcanic lightning may be used in tandem with satellite detection to recognize and quantify changes in eruption style and intensity. Using the eruption of Calbuco volcano in southern Chile on 22-23 April 2015, we investigate rates of umbrella cloud expansion from satellite observations, occurrence of lightning, and mapped characteristics of the fall deposits. Our remote-sensing analysis gives a total erupted volume that is within uncertainty of the mapped volume (0.56 ±0.28 km3 bulk). Observations and volcanic plume modeling further suggest that electrical activity was enhanced both by ice formation in the ash clouds >10 km asl and development of a low-level charge layer from ground-hugging currents.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016GL068076","usgsCitation":"Van Eaton, A.R., Amigo, A., Bertin, D., Mastin, L.G., Giacosa, R.E., Gonzalez, J., Valderrama, O., Fontijn, K., and Behnke, S., 2016, Volcanic lightning and plume behavior reveal evolving hazards during the April 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano, Chile: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 7, p. 3563-3571, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068076.","productDescription":"9 p. 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2016 - Postseismic gravity change after the 2006–2007 great earthquake doublet and constraints on the asthenosphere structure in the central Kuril Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T10:56:04","indexId":"70184231","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postseismic gravity change after the 2006–2007 great earthquake doublet and constraints on the asthenosphere structure in the central Kuril Islands","docAbstract":"Large earthquakes often trigger viscoelastic adjustment for years to decades depending on the rheological properties and the nature and spatial extent of coseismic stress. The 2006 Mw8.3 thrust and 2007 Mw8.1 normal fault earthquakes of the central Kuril Islands resulted in significant postseismic gravity change in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) but without a discernible coseismic gravity change. The gravity increase of ~4 μGal, observed consistently from various GRACE solutions around the epicentral area during 2007–2015, is interpreted as resulting from gradual seafloor uplift by ~6 cm produced by postseismic relaxation. The GRACE data are best fit with a model of 25–35 km for the elastic thickness and ~1018 Pa s for the Maxwell viscosity of the asthenosphere. The large measurable postseismic gravity change (greater than coseismic change) emphasizes the importance of viscoelastic relaxation in understanding tectonic deformation and fault-locking scenarios in the Kuril subduction zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016GL068167","usgsCitation":"Han, S., Sauber, J., and Pollitz, F., 2016, Postseismic gravity change after the 2006–2007 great earthquake doublet and constraints on the asthenosphere structure in the central Kuril Islands: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 7, p. 3169-3177, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068167.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3169","endPage":"3177","ipdsId":"IP-074384","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl068167","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Kuril Islands","volume":"43","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8339e4b014cc3a3a99e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, Shin-Chan","contributorId":187537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Han","given":"Shin-Chan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauber, Jeanne","contributorId":71734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauber","given":"Jeanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171351,"text":"70171351 - 2016 - Fish community response to dam removal in a Maine coastal river tributary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T13:17:27","indexId":"70171351","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-14T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish community response to dam removal in a Maine coastal river tributary","docAbstract":"Sedgeunkedunk Stream, a third-order tributary to the Penobscot River in Maine, historically has supported several anadromous fishes including Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar, Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, and Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus. Two small dams constructed in the 1800s reduced or eliminated spawning runs entirely. In 2009, efforts to restore marine–freshwater connectivity in the system culminated in removal of the lowermost dam (Mill Dam) providing access to 4.7 km of lotic habitat and unimpeded passage into the lentic habitat of Fields Pond. In anticipation of these barrier removals, we initiated a modified before-after-control-impact study, and monitored stream fish assemblages in fixed treatment and reference sites. Electrofishing surveys were conducted twice yearly since 2007. Results indicated that density, biomass, and diversity of the fish assemblage increased at all treatment sites upstream of the 2009 dam removal. No distinct changes in these metrics occurred at reference sites. We documented recolonization and successful reproduction of Atlantic Salmon, Alewife, and Sea Lamprey in previously inaccessible upstream reaches. These results clearly demonstrate that dam removal has enhanced the fish assemblage by providing an undisrupted stream gradient linking a small headwater lake and tributary with a large coastal river, its estuary, and the Atlantic Ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1007164","usgsCitation":"Zydlewski, J.D., Hogg, R.S., Coghlan, S.M., and Gardner, C., 2016, Fish community response to dam removal in a Maine coastal river tributary: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 3, p. 445-455, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1007164.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"455","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044287","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321829,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","county":"Penobscot","city":"Bangor","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.378662109375,\n 44.398467142258504\n ],\n [\n -69.378662109375,\n 45.092913646051144\n ],\n [\n -68.2086181640625,\n 45.092913646051144\n ],\n [\n -68.2086181640625,\n 44.398467142258504\n ],\n [\n -69.378662109375,\n 44.398467142258504\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57496fafe4b07e28b665cc64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hogg, Robert S.","contributorId":169677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hogg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coghlan, Stephen M. Jr.","contributorId":169678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coghlan","given":"Stephen","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardner, Cory","contributorId":169679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Cory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}