The geochemical and petrophysical complexity of source-rock reservoirs in liquids-rich unconventional (LRU) plays necessitates the implementation of a more expansive analytical protocol for initial play assessment. In this study, original samples from selected source-rock reservoirs in the USA and the UK were analyzed by 22 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (HF-NMR) T1-T2 mapping, followed by hydrous pyrolysis, and a modified Rock-Eval pyrolysis method (multi-heating step method-MHS). The above methods were complemented by organic petrography under reflected white and UV light excitation of the original and pyrolyzed samples. The analytical protocol presented attempts to better qualify and quantify different petroleum fractions (mobile, heavy hydrocarbons, viscous, solid bitumen), thus provide valuable and refined information about producibility of target intervals during appraisal. Results show how the hydrocarbon fractions interpreted from peak locations and intensities on NMR T1-T2 maps are in good agreement with those from MHS pyrolysis in terms of hydrocarbon mobility/producibility. Results from HP (Hydrous Pyrolysis) experiments show that an exception to this general agreement between NMR and MHS estimates occurs for the Kimmeridge Blackstone Clay samples, where MHS shows an increase of >90% in producible hydrocarbon yields vs. minimal to no presence of mobile hydrocarbons in NMR T1-T2 maps. This study clarifies the role of pore structure and networks in these discrepancies of producible oil estimates when comparing programmed pyrolysis to NMR-based techniques. This novel, multi-step and multidisciplinary approach provides a more advanced screening protocol for identifying zones of higher oil-in-place (OIP) and predicting fluid mobility prior to drilling or completions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120357","usgsCitation":"Gentzis, T., Carvajal-Ortiz, H., Xie, Z.H., Hackley, P.C., and Fowler, H., 2021, An integrated geochemical, spectroscopic, and petrographic approach to examining the producibility of hydrocarbons from liquids-rich unconventional formations: Fuel, v. 298, 120357, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120357.","productDescription":"120357, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123449","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"298","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gentzis, Thomas","contributorId":289978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gentzis","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carvajal-Ortiz, Humberto","contributorId":289979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carvajal-Ortiz","given":"Humberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xie, Z. Harry","contributorId":289982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xie","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"Harry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fowler, Hallie","contributorId":289986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fowler","given":"Hallie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70220127,"text":"70220127 - 2021 - Economic effects assessment approaches: US National Parks approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T13:00:31.187866","indexId":"70220127","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-21T07:59:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"21","title":"Economic effects assessment approaches: US National Parks approach","docAbstract":"This chapter discusses the data and methods used by the US National Park Service to estimate the economic effects of National Park visitor spending to local and regional economies. Topics covered include a summary of economic effects analyses, required data for analysis (visitor count data, trip characteristics and spending patterns, and regional economic multipliers) and how these data are combined to estimate visitor spending and economic effects. The chapter includes an applied example for Yosemite National Park and shows how park-level data can be combined to estimate and showcase state- and national-level visitor spending effects.","language":"English","publisher":"Edward Elgar Publishing","usgsCitation":"Cullinane Thomas, C., and Koontz, L., 2021, Economic effects assessment approaches: US National Parks approach.","ipdsId":"IP-116014","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385234,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/usd/handbook-for-sustainable-tourism-practitioners-9781839100888.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cullinane Thomas, Catherine 0000-0001-8168-1271 ccullinanethomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8168-1271","contributorId":141097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullinane Thomas","given":"Catherine","email":"ccullinanethomas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220201,"text":"70220201 - 2021 - 8,000 years of climate, vegetation, fire and land-use dynamics in the thermo-mediterranean vegetation belt of northern Sardinia (Italy)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-06T14:43:10.139204","indexId":"70220201","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-21T06:50:46","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5076,"text":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"8,000 years of climate, vegetation, fire and land-use dynamics in the thermo-mediterranean vegetation belt of northern Sardinia (Italy)","docAbstract":"Knowledge about the vegetation history of Sardinia, the second largest island of the Mediterranean, is scanty. Here, we present a new sedimentary record covering the past ~ 8,000 years from Lago di Baratz, north-west Sardinia. Vegetation and fire history are reconstructed by pollen, spores, macrofossils and charcoal analyses and environmental dynamics by high-resolution element geochemistry together with pigment analyses. During the period 8,100–7,500 cal BP, when seasonality was high and fire and erosion were frequent, Erica arborea and E. scoparia woodlands dominated the coastal landscape. Subsequently, between 7,500 and 5,500 cal BP, seasonality gradually declined and thermo-mediterranean woodlands with Pistacia and Quercus ilex partially replaced Erica communities under diminished incidence of fire. After 5,500 cal BP, evergreen oak forests expanded markedly, erosion declined and lake levels increased, likely in response to increasing (summer) moisture availability. Increased anthropogenic fire disturbance triggered shrubland expansions (e.g. Tamarix and Pistacia) around 5,000–4,500 cal BP. Subsequently around 4,000–3,500 cal BP evergreen oak-olive forests expanded massively when fire activity declined and lake productivity and anoxia reached Holocene maxima. Land-use activities during the past 4,000 years (since the Bronze Age) gradually disrupted coastal forests, but relict stands persisted under rather stable environmental conditions until ca. 200 cal BP, when agricultural activities intensified and Pinus and Eucalyptus were planted to stabilize the sand dunes. Pervasive prehistoric land-use activities since at least the Bronze Age Nuraghi period included the cultivation of Prunus, Olea europaea and Juglans regia after 3,500–3,300 cal BP, and Quercus suber after 2,500 cal BP. We conclude that restoring less flammable native Q. ilex and O. europaea forest communities would markedly reduce fire risk and erodibility compared to recent forest plantations with flammable non-native trees (e.g. Pinus, Eucalyptus) and xerophytic shrubland (e.g. Cistus, Erica).
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00334-021-00832-3","usgsCitation":"Pedrotta, T., Gobet, E., Schworer, C., Beffa, G., Butz, C., Henne, P., Morales-Molino, C., Pasta, S., Van Leeuwen, J., Vogel, H., Zwimpfer, E., Anselmetti, F., Grosjean, M., and Tinner, W., 2021, 8,000 years of climate, vegetation, fire and land-use dynamics in the thermo-mediterranean vegetation belt of northern Sardinia (Italy): Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, v. 30, p. 789-813, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-021-00832-3.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"789","endPage":"813","ipdsId":"IP-123436","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-021-00832-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Sardinia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 8.009033203125,\n 38.60828592850559\n ],\n [\n 10.12939453125,\n 38.60828592850559\n ],\n [\n 10.12939453125,\n 41.36856413680967\n ],\n [\n 8.009033203125,\n 41.36856413680967\n ],\n [\n 8.009033203125,\n 38.60828592850559\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pedrotta, Tiziana 0000-0001-8490-7731","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8490-7731","contributorId":257620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedrotta","given":"Tiziana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38843,"text":"University of Bern, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gobet, Erika","contributorId":257621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gobet","given":"Erika","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38843,"text":"University of Bern, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schworer, Christoph 0000-0002-8884-8852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-8852","contributorId":210163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schworer","given":"Christoph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34056,"text":"Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":814730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beffa, Giorgia","contributorId":169172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beffa","given":"Giorgia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25430,"text":"University of Bern","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butz, Christoph","contributorId":257622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butz","given":"Christoph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38843,"text":"University of Bern, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henne, Paul D. 0000-0003-1211-5545 phenne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1211-5545","contributorId":169166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henne","given":"Paul D.","email":"phenne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morales-Molino, Cesar 0000-0002-9464-862X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-862X","contributorId":224224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morales-Molino","given":"Cesar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38843,"text":"University of Bern, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pasta, Salvatore","contributorId":169176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pasta","given":"Salvatore","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25432,"text":"National Council of Research, Palermo, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Van Leeuwen, Jacqueline","contributorId":169169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Leeuwen","given":"Jacqueline","affiliations":[{"id":25430,"text":"University of Bern","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vogel, Hendrik","contributorId":257623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vogel","given":"Hendrik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38843,"text":"University of Bern, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zwimpfer, Elias","contributorId":257624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zwimpfer","given":"Elias","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38843,"text":"University of Bern, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Anselmetti, Flavio 0000-0002-8785-3641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8785-3641","contributorId":257625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anselmetti","given":"Flavio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38843,"text":"University of Bern, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Grosjean, Martin 0000-0002-3553-8842","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3553-8842","contributorId":150380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosjean","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tinner, Willy 0000-0001-7352-0144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7352-0144","contributorId":169167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinner","given":"Willy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25430,"text":"University of Bern","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70255175,"text":"70255175 - 2021 - Temporal dynamics of sagebrush songbird abundance in relation to energy development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T11:52:33.291525","indexId":"70255175","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-21T06:50:35","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal dynamics of sagebrush songbird abundance in relation to energy development","docAbstract":"Spatial aspects of wildlife responses to human-induced habitat change have been examined frequently, yet the temporal dynamics of responses remain less understood. We tested alternative hypotheses for how the abundance of a suite of declining songbirds in relation to energy development changed over time. We conducted point counts at two natural gas fields during two periods spanning a decade (2008–2009 and 2018–2019), and compared the abundance of sagebrush songbirds across a gradient of surface disturbance between study periods (trend-by-time). We also assessed changes in the abundance of birds between study periods relative to additional development that had occurred (trend-over-time). We predicted that abundance responses to surface disturbance would be more negative during the second period, regardless of additional disturbance that had occurred, because of previously observed inverse relationships between surface disturbance and nest survival at our sites. Contrary to our predictions, abundance responses attenuated by the second time period for two of three species, Brewer's sparrow and sage thrasher (the latter at one energy field only). Sagebrush sparrow abundance, however, consistently decreased with surface disturbance within and between periods. Sage thrasher abundance consistently decreased with surface disturbance at one of the gas fields, and the probability of colonization by thrashers between study periods was lower where additional surface disturbance had occurred. Our results highlight the importance of revisiting wildlife responses to anthropogenic habitat changes over time, to clarify the severity and longevity of effects.
The southern margin of the Archean Superior Province in the central Upper Peninsula of Michigan was a nexus for key Paleoproterozoic tectonic events involved in the ~2.1 Ga rifting of proposed Archean supercraton Superia and subsequent assembly of Laurentia. Interpretations of the region’s tectonic history have historically been hampered by extensive Pleistocene glacial and Paleozoic sedimentary cover and a lack of appropriate geophysical data. These rifting and orogenic events formed geologic effects that are readily mappable with modern geophysical methods. New aeromagnetic and gravity data provide a critical means of mapping and interpreting the complex geological framework through cover, allowing development of significantly richer geographical and process-based perspectives on all these tectonic events. Interpretations of Precambrian contacts and structure are here, for the first time, carried >30 km eastward under Paleozoic cover. Effects of ~2.1 Ga rifting are strongly expressed geophysically, including the Dickinson Group, perhaps a unique record of the progression of rift-related sedimentation and magmatism, shown here to be a geographically extensive and largely concealed tectonic feature of the southern Superior Province. The geophysical evidence for plausible ~2.1 Ga rift-related intrusive magmatism includes a previously unrecognized swarm of northeast-striking mafic dikes cutting Archean rocks and gravity lows produced by granites. Effects of the ~1.87–1.83 Ga Penokean orogeny include gravity and magnetic gradients and pattern breaks along the Niagara fault zone suture, abundant evidence for thin-skinned thrusting and folding in the Menominee iron district, and speculative emplacement of an allochthonous sedimentary sequence in the Calumet trough. Numerous east–west trending structures imaged geophysically likely originated, or were significantly reactivated by, post-Penokean deformation. Metamorphic events at ~1.76 Ga and ~1.65 Ga may correspond to orogenies involving younger, outboard Paleoproterozoic crustal provinces recognized in southern Laurentia. For example, the previously unrecognized West Branch fault, separating the Dickinson Group from Archean rocks, is shown to be a major structure in the region, and is a proposed expression of ~1.76 Ga thick-skinned deformation. Oblique disruptions of crudely east–west striking structures have robust geophysical expressions and are speculatively connected to transpressive deformation at ~1.65 Ga. These new geophysical observations and interpretations collectively help illuminate a critical period in the tectonic evolution of Laurentia, as it transitioned from a disparate array of Archean cratons to a more coherent, growing continent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106205","usgsCitation":"Drenth, B.J., Cannon, W.F., Schulz, K.J., and Ayuso, R.A., 2021, Geophysical insights into Paleoproterozoic tectonics along the southern margin of the Superior Province, central Upper Peninsula, Michigan, USA: Precambrian Research, v. 359, 106205, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106205.","productDescription":"106205, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121384","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452613,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106205","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99X3X07","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Release - Geologic map of the central Upper Peninsula, Michigan"},{"id":385578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 43.99281450048989\n ],\n [\n -86.81396484375,\n 43.99281450048989\n ],\n [\n -86.81396484375,\n 47.81315451752768\n ],\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 47.81315451752768\n ],\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 43.99281450048989\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"359","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drenth, Benjamin J. 0000-0002-3954-8124 bdrenth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-8124","contributorId":1315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenth","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdrenth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":201972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220099,"text":"fs20213005 - 2021 - EverForecast—A near-term forecasting application for ecological decision support","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T11:50:04.150156","indexId":"fs20213005","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-20T14:48:29","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-3005","displayTitle":"EverForecast—A Near-Term Forecasting Application for Ecological Decision Support","title":"EverForecast—A near-term forecasting application for ecological decision support","docAbstract":"The Everglades Forecasting application (EverForecast) provides decision makers with a support tool to examine optimal allocations of water across the managed landscape while explicitly quantifying the conflicting needs of multiple species. Covering the Greater Everglades (a vast, subtropical wetland ecosystem in South Florida), EverForecast provides 6-month forecasts of daily projected water stage across the region. It then runs these forecasts through a suite of species models and illustrates potential tradeoffs. All output is summarized by subregion and hydrologic category. Decision makers can use these near-term forecasts to manage the transition from current conditions to future alternatives according to their management priorities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20213005","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Program","usgsCitation":"Haider, S.M., Romañach, S.S., McKelvy, M., Suir, K., and Pearlstine, L., EverForecast—A near-term forecasting application for ecological decision support: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2021–3005, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213005.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-123566","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385203,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3005/fs20213005.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2021–3005"},{"id":385202,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3005/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.80969238281249,\n 24.991036982463722\n ],\n [\n -80.19470214843749,\n 24.991036982463722\n ],\n [\n -80.19470214843749,\n 26.74070480712781\n ],\n [\n -81.80969238281249,\n 26.74070480712781\n ],\n [\n -81.80969238281249,\n 24.991036982463722\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
7920 NW 71st St.
Gainesville, FL 32653
The ca. 1.83 Ga Trans-Hudson orogeny resulted from collision of an upper plate consisting of the Hearne, Rae, and Slave provinces with a lower plate consisting of the Superior province. While the geologic record of ca. 1.83 Ga peak metamorphism within the orogen suggests that these provinces were a single amalgamated craton from this time onward, a lack of paleomagnetic poles from the Superior province following Trans-Hudson orogenesis has made this coherency difficult to test. We develop a high-quality paleomagnetic pole for northeast-trending diabase dikes of the post-Penokean orogen East-Central Minnesota Batholith (pole longitude: 265.8°; pole latitude: 20.4°; A95: 4.5°; K: 45.6 N: 23) whose age we constrain to be 1,779.1 ± 2.3 Ma (95% CI) with new U-Pb dates. Demagnetization and low-temperature magnetometry experiments establish dike remanence be held by low-Ti titanomagnetite. Thermochronology data constrain the intrusions to have cooled below magnetite blocking temperatures upon initial emplacement with a mild subsequent thermal history within the stable craton. The similarity of this new Superior province pole with poles from the Slave and Rae provinces establishes the coherency of Laurentia following Trans-Hudson orogenesis. This consistency supports interpretations that older discrepant 2.22–1.87 Ga pole positions between the provinces are the result of differential motion through mobile-lid plate tectonics. The new pole supports the northern Europe and North America connection between the Laurentia and Fennoscandia cratons. The pole can be used to jointly reconstruct these cratons ca. 1,780 Ma strengthening the paleogeographic position of these major constituents of the hypothesized late Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Nuna.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021TC006751","usgsCitation":"Swanson-Hysell, N.L., Avery, M.S., Zhang, Y., Hodgin, E.B., Sherwood, R.J., Apen, F., Boerboom, T.J., Keller, C.B., and Cottle, J.M., 2021, The paleogeography of Laurentia in its early years: New constraints from the Paleoproterozoic East-Central Minnesota batholith: Tectonics, v. 40, no. 5, e2021TC006751, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021TC006751.","productDescription":"e2021TC006751, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126588","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/14z7z5fj","text":"External Repository"},{"id":421260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"East-Central Minnesota Batholith","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.2163,\n 45.54\n ],\n [\n -94.2163,\n 45.516\n ],\n [\n -94.255,\n 45.516\n ],\n [\n -94.255,\n 45.54\n ],\n [\n -94.2163,\n 45.54\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson-Hysell, Nicholas L. 0000-0003-3215-4648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3215-4648","contributorId":330223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swanson-Hysell","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, Margaret Susan 0000-0002-8504-7072","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8504-7072","contributorId":329991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avery","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"Susan","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Yiming","contributorId":330224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yiming","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hodgin, Eben B.","contributorId":330225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodgin","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sherwood, Robert J.","contributorId":330226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Apen, Francisco E.","contributorId":330227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Apen","given":"Francisco E.","affiliations":[{"id":37180,"text":"UC Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boerboom, Terrence J.","contributorId":330228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boerboom","given":"Terrence","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38105,"text":"Minnesota Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Keller, C. Brenhin 0000-0001-7400-9428","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7400-9428","contributorId":330229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brenhin","affiliations":[{"id":39657,"text":"Dartmouth College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cottle, John M. 0000-0002-3966-6315","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3966-6315","contributorId":330230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cottle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37180,"text":"UC Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70220326,"text":"70220326 - 2021 - Shear-wave velocity site characterization in Oklahoma from joint inversion of multi-method surface seismic measurements: Implications for central U.S. Ground Motion Prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T14:20:20.365226","indexId":"70220326","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-20T09:25:09","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8581,"text":"Bulletin Seismological Society America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shear-wave velocity site characterization in Oklahoma from joint inversion of multi-method surface seismic measurements: Implications for central U.S. Ground Motion Prediction","docAbstract":"We analyze multimethod shear (SH)‐wave velocity (
Dryland ecosystems are sensitive to perturbations and generally slow to recover post disturbance. The microorganisms residing in dryland soils are especially important as they contribute to soil structure and nutrient cycling. Disturbance can have particularly strong effects on dryland soil structure and function, yet the natural resistance and recovery of the microbial components of dryland soils has not been well documented. In this study, the recovery of surface soil bacterial communities from multiple physical and environmental disturbances is assessed. Samples were collected from three field sites in the vicinity of Moab, UT, United States, 6 to 7 years after physical and climate disturbance manipulations had been terminated, allowing for the assessment of community recovery. Additionally, samples were collected in a transect that included three habitat patches: the canopy zone soils under the dominant shrubs, the interspace soils that are colonized by biological soil crusts, and edge soils at the plot borders. Field site and habitat patch were significant factors structuring the bacterial communities, illustrating that sites and habitats harbored unique soil microbiomes. Across the different sites and disturbance treatments, there was evidence of significant bacterial community recovery, as bacterial biomass and diversity were not significantly different than control plots. There was, however, a small number of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence variants that distinguished particular treatments, suggesting that legacy effects of the disturbances still remained. Taken together, these data suggest that dryland bacterial communities may possess a previously unappreciated potential to recover within years of the original disturbance.
Assessing the scope and severity of threats is necessary for evaluating impacts on populations to inform conservation planning. Quantitative threat assessment often requires monitoring programs that provide reliable data over relevant spatial and temporal scales, yet such programs can be difficult to justify until there is an apparent stressor. Leveraging efforts of wildlife management agencies to record winter counts of hibernating bats, we collated data for 5 species from over 200 sites across 27 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces from 1995 to 2018 to determine the impact of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a deadly disease of hibernating bats. We estimated declines of winter counts of bat colonies at sites where the invasive fungus that causes WNS (Pseudogymnoascus destructans) had been detected to assess the threat impact of WNS. Three species undergoing species status assessment by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Myotis septentrionalis, Myotis lucifugus, and Perimyotis subflavus) declined by more than 90%, which warrants classifying the severity of the WNS threat as extreme based on criteria used by NatureServe. The scope of the WNS threat as defined by NatureServe criteria was large (36% of Myotis lucifugus range) to pervasive (79% of Myotis septentrionalis range) for these species. Declines for 2 other species (Myotis sodalis and Eptesicus fuscus) were less severe but still qualified as moderate to serious based on NatureServe criteria. Data-sharing across jurisdictions provided a comprehensive evaluation of scope and severity of the threat of WNS and indicated regional differences that can inform response efforts at international, national, and state or provincial jurisdictions. We assessed the threat impact of an emerging infectious disease by uniting monitoring efforts across jurisdictional boundaries and demonstrated the importance of coordinated monitoring programs, such as the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat), for data-driven conservation assessments and planning.
Seagrasses, oyster reefs, and salt marshes are critical coastal habitats that support high densities of juvenile fish and invertebrates. Yet which species are enhanced through these nursery habitats, and to what degree, remains largely unquantified. Densities of young-of-year fish and invertebrates in seagrasses, oyster reefs, and salt marsh edges as well as in paired adjacent unstructured habitats of the northern Gulf of Mexico were compiled. Species consistently found at higher densities in the structured habitats were identified, and species-specific growth and mortality models were applied to derive production enhancement estimates arising from this enhanced density. Enhancement levels for fish and invertebrate production were similar for seagrass (1370 [SD 317] g m–2 y–1for 25 enhanced species) and salt marsh edge habitats (1222 [SD 190] g m–2 y–1, 25 spp.), whereas oyster reefs produced ~650 [SD 114] g m–2 y–1(20 spp). This difference was partly due to lower densities of juvenile blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) on oyster reefs, although only oyster reefs enhanced commercially valuable stone crabs (Menippe spp.). The production estimates were applied to Galveston Bay, Texas, and Pensacola Bay, Florida, for species known to recruit consistently in those embayments. These case studies illustrated variability in production enhancement by coastal habitats within the northern Gulf of Mexico. Quantitative estimates of production enhancement within specific embayments can be used to quantify the role of essential fish habitat, inform management decisions, and communicate the value of habitat protection and restoration.
The Sky Island Restoration Collaborative (SIRC) is a growing partnership between government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and private landowners in southeast Arizona, the United States, and northern Sonora, Mexico. Starting in 2014 as an experiment to cultivate restoration efforts by connecting people across vocations and nations, SIRC has evolved over 5 years into a flourishing landscape-restoration initiative. The group is founded on the concept of developing a restoration economy, where ecological and socioeconomic benefits are interconnected and complimentary. The variety of ideas, people, field sites, administration, and organizations promote learning and increase project success through iterative adaptive management, transparency, and sharing. The collaborative seeks to make restoration self-sustaining and improve quality of life for citizens living along the US-Mexico border. Research and experiments are developed between scientists and practitioners to test hypotheses, qualify procedures, and quantify impacts on shared projects. Simultaneously, partners encourage and facilitate connecting more people to the landscape—via volunteerism, internships, training, and mentoring. Through this history, SIRC’s evolution is pioneering the integration of community and ecological restoration to protect biodiversity in the Madrean Archipelago Ecoregion. This editorial introduces SIRC as a unique opportunity for scientists and practitioners looking to engage in binational partnerships and segues into this special journal issue we have assembled that relates new findings in the field of restoration ecology.
Redox hot spots occurring as metal-rich anoxic groundwater discharges through oxic wetland and river sediments commonly result in the formation of iron (Fe) oxide precipitates. These redox-sensitive precipitates influence the release of nutrients and metals to surface water and can act as ‘contaminant sponges’ by absorbing toxic compounds. We explore the feasibility of a non-invasive, high-resolution magnetic susceptibility (MS) technique to efficiently map the spatial variations of magnetic Fe oxide precipitates in the shallow bed of three rivers impacted by anoxic groundwater discharge. Laboratory analyses on Mashpee River (MA, USA) sediments demonstrate the sensitivity of MS to sediment Fe concentrations. Field surveys in the Mashpee and Quashnet rivers (MA, USA) reveal several discrete high MS zones, which are associated with likely anoxic groundwater discharge as evaluated by riverbed temperature, vertical head gradient, and groundwater chemistry measurements. In the East River (CO, USA), widespread cobbles/rocks exhibit high background MS from geological ferrimagnetic minerals, thereby obscuring the relatively small enhancement of MS from groundwater induced Fe oxide precipitates. Our study suggests that, in settings with low geological sources of magnetic minerals such as lowland rivers and wetlands, MS may serve as a complementary tool to temperature methods for efficiently mapping Fe oxide accumulation zones due to anoxic groundwater discharges that may function as biogeochemical hot spots and water quality control points in gaining systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.14184","usgsCitation":"Wang, C., Briggs, M., Day-Lewis, F., and Slater, L., 2021, Evaluation of riverbed magnetic susceptibility for mapping biogeochemical hot spots in groundwater-impacted rivers: Hydrological Processes, v. 35, no. 5, e14184, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14184.","productDescription":"e14184, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127672","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1784356","text":"External Repository"},{"id":387673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"East River, Quashnet River, Mashpee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.05764770507812,\n 38.67264490154078\n ],\n [\n -106.8255615234375,\n 38.67264490154078\n ],\n [\n -106.8255615234375,\n 38.904927027872844\n ],\n [\n -107.05764770507812,\n 38.904927027872844\n ],\n [\n -107.05764770507812,\n 38.67264490154078\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.48192977905273,\n 41.588742636696765\n ],\n [\n -70.45412063598633,\n 41.588742636696765\n ],\n [\n -70.45412063598633,\n 41.61826568409901\n ],\n [\n -70.48192977905273,\n 41.61826568409901\n ],\n [\n -70.48192977905273,\n 41.588742636696765\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.5208969116211,\n 41.57127917558171\n ],\n [\n -70.50682067871094,\n 41.57127917558171\n ],\n [\n -70.50682067871094,\n 41.59580372470895\n ],\n [\n -70.5208969116211,\n 41.59580372470895\n ],\n [\n -70.5208969116211,\n 41.57127917558171\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Cheng-Hui 0000-0001-9508-7425","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9508-7425","contributorId":194062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Cheng-Hui","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":257637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin A.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick 0000-0003-3526-886X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":216359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slater, L. 0000-0003-0292-746X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-746X","contributorId":247506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slater","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70219620,"text":"sir20215009 - 2021 - Hydrogeologic framework, geochemistry, groundwater-flow system, and aquifer hydraulic properties used in the development of a conceptual model of the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity (High Plains), and Dockum aquifers in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T13:18:48.751674","indexId":"sir20215009","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-20T06:14:15","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5009","displayTitle":"Hydrogeologic Framework, Geochemistry, Groundwater-Flow System, and Aquifer Hydraulic Properties Used in the Development of a Conceptual Model of the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity (High Plains), and Dockum Aquifers In and Near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas","title":"Hydrogeologic framework, geochemistry, groundwater-flow system, and aquifer hydraulic properties used in the development of a conceptual model of the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity (High Plains), and Dockum aquifers in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas","docAbstract":"In 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water Conservation District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District (hereinafter referred to collectively as the “UWCDs”), began a multiphase study in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas, to develop a regional conceptual model of the hydrogeologic framework, geochemistry, groundwater-flow system, and hydraulic properties, primarily for the High Plains and Edwards-Trinity aquifer system and to a lesser degree for the Dockum aquifer. The High Plains aquifer system (hereinafter referred to as the “Ogallala aquifer”), contained within the Ogallala Formation in Texas, is the shallowest aquifer in the study area and is the primary source of water for agriculture and municipal supply in the areas managed by the UWCDs. Groundwater withdrawals from deeper aquifers (primarily the Edwards-Trinity [High Plains] aquifer system that is hereinafter referred to as the “Edwards-Trinity [High Plains] aquifer”) augmented by lesser amounts from the Dockum aquifer provide additional water sources in the study area. The Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifer is contained within the Trinity and Fredericksburg Groups. The Dockum aquifer, a relatively minor source of water in the study area, is contained in the Dockum Group, which was evaluated as a single unit. The potential for continual declines of the groundwater in the Ogallala aquifer in the study area and the potential changes in water quality resulting from dewatering and increased vertical groundwater movement between adjacent water-bearing units have raised concerns about the amount and quality of available groundwater.
The developed conceptual model helped in the understanding of the quantity and quality of the groundwater within the Ogallala, the Edwards-Trinity (High Plains), and to a lesser extent, the Dockum aquifers within the study area. The hydrogeologic framework was used to assess the vertical and lateral extents of hydrogeologic units, bed orientations, unit thicknesses, and location and orientation of paleochannels. In general, the Trinity and Fredericksburg Groups and Ogallala Formation exhibit a slight regional dip (dip angle of about 0.14 degrees) to the southeast with dip directions becoming more to the south with each successively overlying unit (105, 110, and 125 degrees for the bases of the Trinity and Fredericksburg Groups and Ogallala Formation, respectively). In general, the Trinity and Fredericksburg Groups thin to the south and are not present in the southern part of Gaines County, whereas the Ogallala Formation becomes thinner from west to east. The combined thickness of the Trinity and Fredericksburg Groups and Ogallala Formation is generally greatest in the north-central part of the study area and thinnest in the southeastern part of the study area. Paleochannel orientation varied over geologic time as formations were deposited and eroded.
Water-quality samples were collected from 51 wells throughout the study area to better understand general water quality and to provide insight into groundwater-flow paths and recharge areas. Groundwater samples were spatially grouped on the basis of similarities found in the physicochemical properties, major ions, trace elements, nutrients, organic compounds, and selected stable isotopes and age tracers. Three groundwater groups were identified in the study area. The first groundwater group (Group 1), represented mostly by groundwater from the Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifers in the northern half of the study area, is considered to be recent recharge, affected by land-use activities, as explained by the younger age, higher concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite, and more frequent detections of organic compounds. Groundwater wells in the second groundwater group (Group 2) are typically in the southwestern and northwestern parts of the study area, and the groundwater in this group is considered to be groundwater recharged during the Pleistocene period, as explained by the relatively old age of the groundwater, high strontium stable isotope ratios, and hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios. The last groundwater group (Group 3) is likely a mixture of groundwater from the first or second groups (or both) with a third, highly mineralized groundwater as explained by having the highest dissolved-solids concentrations in the study area and having some similarities to geochemical characteristics of samples from the first and second groups.
A groundwater-flow system analysis was done to understand the flow of groundwater throughout the aquifer system. Groundwater-level altitudes for the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity (High Plains), and Dockum aquifers are generally higher in the northwestern part of the study area and lower in the southeastern part of the study area. Groundwater generally flows in a northwest to southeast direction across the study area in each of the aquifers. The groundwater-flow paths closely resemble the mapped paleochannels, indicating that within the study area, the groundwater flows preferentially along the paleochannels, especially within the Ogallala aquifer where dewatering of the aquifer results in a greater effect of the base structure on the flow of groundwater.
The Ogallala aquifer is unsaturated in localized areas in the study area; unsaturated areas are generally near the southern extent of the Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifer, with the largest unsaturated area west of Seminole, Tex. The saturated thickness of the Ogallala aquifer is thickest (more than 125 feet) southeast of Seminole and west of Brownfield, Tex., near the border between Terry and Yoakum Counties. The saturated thickness of the combined Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifers ranges from less than 10 feet along the far southern edge of the study area to more than 350 feet north and east of Brownfield, Tex., and along the border between Terry and Yoakum Counties.
The aquifer hydraulic properties, including hydraulic conductivity and specific yield, were estimated to better understand the ability of groundwater to move through the aquifer system and quantify the volume of available water in storage. The hydraulic-conductivity values varied greatly within the study area (ranging from about 0.03 to about 350 feet per day), and often large variations were found in the same area. Terry County contained the highest and lowest hydraulic conductivity values for the Ogallala aquifer, whereas Yoakum County contained the highest and lowest hydraulic conductivity values for the Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifer. The highest hydraulic-conductivity values for the Dockum aquifer were in Gaines County, whereas the lowest hydraulic-conductivity values were in Terry County. The estimated specific yield values within the study area range from 0.01 to 0.36. Higher specific yield values generally occurred in the western part of the study area except in the Ogallala aquifer where higher specific yield values were in the east. The Ogallala aquifer had the lowest specific yield range and the least specific yield variability among the three aquifers, whereas the Dockum aquifer had the highest specific yield range and the greatest specific yield variability.
Using the estimated saturated thickness and estimated specific yield grids, the water volumes of the Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifers and the combined Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifers were estimated. The available water in the Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifer (16.6 million acre-feet) is almost double the available water in the Ogallala aquifer (8.8 million acre-feet). Although the Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifer contains more available groundwater, pumping is more difficult because of the relatively low hydraulic conductivity and specific yield values compared to the Ogallala aquifer. Overall, the available water within the combined Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifers is about 6.6, 10.2, and 8.6 million acre-feet for Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water Conservation District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Teeple, A.P., Ging, P.B., Thomas, J.V., Wallace, D.S., and Payne, J.D., 2021, Hydrogeologic framework, geochemistry, groundwater-flow system, and aquifer hydraulic properties used in the development of a conceptual model of the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity (High Plains), and Dockum aquifers in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5009, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215009.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 68 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"85","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-118420","costCenters":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385110,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5009/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385111,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5009/sir20215009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5009"},{"id":385112,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9N3WKQ5","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Compilation of time-domain electromagnetic surface geophysical soundings, historical borehole characteristics, water level, water quality and hydraulic properties data throughout Gaines, Yoakum, and Terry Counties in Texas, 1929–2019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Gaines County, Terry County, Yoakum County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.2039,32.961],[-102.2038,32.5237],[-102.2109,32.524],[-103.0637,32.5215],[-103.0632,32.9589],[-103.0632,33.0017],[-103.0593,33.209],[-103.0559,33.3903],[-102.5954,33.3903],[-102.0774,33.3894],[-102.0782,32.9611],[-102.2039,32.961]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Gaines\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4501
The habitat associations of three species of black bass Micropterus spp. were examined in six habitat types (i.e., sediment, gravel, rock, riprap, brush, and aquatic plants) along a cascade of 10 reservoirs in the Tennessee River. We tested whether habitat selection differed among the three species and whether species’ co-occurrence depended on habitat type. We found that some species occurred in some habitats in proportion to habitat availability (some at higher frequencies and some at frequencies lower than availability) and that juveniles and adults exhibited similar occurrence patterns. Our habitat selection results largely corroborate previous descriptions of black bass habitat associations and generally track preference for lithic habitats, as reported in native streams. We expected the different black bass species to show negative co-occurrence to avoid competitive interactions. Nevertheless, we found that with few exceptions, adults co-occurred in habitats mostly as expected by chance and juveniles co-occurred more often than was expected by chance. Our findings imply that environmental filtering, rather than competitive interactions that dominate in natural environments, may be the dominant mechanism shaping black bass assemblages in reservoirs of the Tennessee River. The observed patterns of habitat selection and co-occurrence further suggest that the conservation and management of black bass assemblages in reservoirs can be supported through habitat management activities. Protecting and enhancing the remaining lithic habitat in the reservoirs as well as recovering habitat that is blanketed by sediment could provide desirable environments for all black bass species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10302","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., Lakin, K., and Faucheux, N.M., 2021, Habitat associations of black basses in a reservoir system: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 150, no. 4, p. 538-547, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10302.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"538","endPage":"547","ipdsId":"IP-122504","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Tennessee River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 33.815666308702774\n ],\n [\n -80.35400390625,\n 33.815666308702774\n ],\n [\n -80.35400390625,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 33.815666308702774\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lakin, K.M.","contributorId":287188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lakin","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13217,"text":"Tennessee Valley Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faucheux, Nicky M.","contributorId":271194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faucheux","given":"Nicky","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70220162,"text":"70220162 - 2021 - Historical effective population size of North American hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) and challenges to estimating trends in contemporary effective breeding population size from archived samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T15:40:17.242333","indexId":"70220162","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-19T10:37:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Historical effective population size of North American hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) and challenges to estimating trends in contemporary effective breeding population size from archived samples","title":"Historical effective population size of North American hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) and challenges to estimating trends in contemporary effective breeding population size from archived samples","docAbstract":"Hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) are among the bat species most commonly killed by wind turbine strikes in the midwestern United States. The impact of this mortality on species census size is not understood, due in part to the difficulty of estimating population size for this highly migratory and elusive species. Genetic effective population size (Ne) could provide an index of changing census population size if other factors affecting Ne are stable.
We used the NeEstimator package to derive effective breeding population size (Nb) estimates for two temporally spaced cohorts: 93 hoary bats collected in 2009–2010 and an additional 93 collected in 2017–2018. We sequenced restriction-site associated polymorphisms and generated a de novo genome assembly to guide the removal of sex-linked and multi-copy loci, as well as identify physically linked markers.
Analysis of the reference genome with psmc suggested at least a doubling of Ne in the last 100,000 years, likely exceeding Ne = 10,000 in the Holocene. Allele and genotype frequency analyses confirmed that the two cohorts were comparable, although some samples had unusually high or low observed heterozygosities. Additionally, the older cohort had lower mean coverage and greater variability in coverage, and batch effects of sampling locality were observed that were consistent with sample degradation. We therefore excluded samples with low coverage or outlier heterozygosity, as well as loci with sequence coverage far from the mode value, from the final data set. Prior to excluding these outliers, contemporary Nb estimates were significantly higher in the more recent cohort, but this finding was driven by high values for the 2018 sample year and low values for all other years. In the reduced data set, Nb did not differ significantly between cohorts. We found base substitutions to be strongly biased toward cytosine to thymine or the complement, and further partitioning loci by substitution type had a strong effect on Nb estimates. Minor allele frequency and base quality bias thresholds also had strong effects on Nb estimates. Instability of Nb with respect to common data filtering parameters and empirically identified factors prevented robust comparison of the two cohorts. Given that confidence intervals frequently included infinity as the stringency of data filtering increased, contemporary trends in Nb of North American hoary bats may not be tractable with the linkage disequilibrium method, at least using the protocol employed here.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.11285","usgsCitation":"Cornman, R.S., Fike, J., Oyler-McCance, S.J., and Cryan, P.M., 2021, Historical effective population size of North American hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) and challenges to estimating trends in contemporary effective breeding population size from archived samples: PeerJ, v. 9, e11285, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11285.","productDescription":"e11285, 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125432","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452631,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11285","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VSG54Z","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genetic variation in hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) assessed from archived samples"},{"id":385284,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornman, Robert S. 0000-0001-9511-2192 rcornman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-2192","contributorId":5356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornman","given":"Robert","email":"rcornman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-8797-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-7823","contributorId":207268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":147942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70263927,"text":"70263927 - 2021 - Spatiotemporal clustering of great earthquakes on a transform fault controlled by geometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-28T15:50:17.631195","indexId":"70263927","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-19T09:46:24","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatiotemporal clustering of great earthquakes on a transform fault controlled by geometry","docAbstract":"Minor changes in geometry along the length of mature strike-slip faults may act as conditional barriers to earthquake rupture, terminating some and allowing others to pass. This hypothesis remains largely untested because palaeoearthquake data that constrain spatial and temporal patterns of fault rupture are generally imprecise. Here we develop palaeoearthquake event data that encompass the last 20 major-to-great earthquakes along approximately 320 km of the Alpine Fault in New Zealand with sufficient temporal resolution and spatial coverage to reveal along-strike patterns of rupture extent. The palaeoearthquake record shows that earthquake terminations tend to cluster in time near minor along-strike changes in geometry. These terminations limit the length to which rupture can grow and produce two modes of earthquake behaviour characterized by phases of major (Mw 7–8) and great (Mw > 8) earthquakes. Physics-based simulations of seismic cycles closely resemble our observations when parameterized with realistic fault geometry. Switching between the rupture modes emerges due to heterogeneous stress states that evolve over multiple seismic cycles in response to along-strike differences in geometry. These geometric complexities exert a first-order control on rupture behaviour that is not currently accounted for in fault-source models for seismic hazard.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41561-021-00721-4","usgsCitation":"Howarth, J., Barth, N.C., Fitzsimons, S., Richards-Dinger, K.B., Clark, K., Biasi, G., Cochran, U., Langridge, R.M., Berryman, K., and Sutherland, R., 2021, Spatiotemporal clustering of great earthquakes on a transform fault controlled by geometry: Nature Geoscience, v. 14, p. 314-320, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00721-4.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"314","endPage":"320","ipdsId":"IP-123083","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"South Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 166.14130042117392,\n -45.855254614357875\n ],\n [\n 167.55703138687022,\n -47.72709088799331\n ],\n [\n 171.04329453684727,\n -45.90628854385326\n ],\n [\n 172.01003756617126,\n -44.16671517350856\n ],\n [\n 173.28236889170694,\n -43.93388994721674\n ],\n [\n 173.01583587447817,\n -43.26711906105943\n ],\n [\n 174.6610670093284,\n -41.74200766025002\n ],\n [\n 174.2430988469256,\n -40.59327885176259\n ],\n [\n 172.24758921841533,\n -40.37688312712664\n ],\n [\n 171.32279188614189,\n -41.531725778001864\n ],\n [\n 169.84538818345476,\n -43.00565520661165\n ],\n [\n 167.88893104162912,\n -43.84009881514205\n ],\n [\n 166.14130042117392,\n -45.855254614357875\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howarth, Jamie D.","contributorId":351620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howarth","given":"Jamie D.","affiliations":[{"id":34109,"text":"Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barth, Nicolas C.","contributorId":206132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Nicolas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37254,"text":"University of California, Riverside, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzsimons, Sean J.","contributorId":351621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitzsimons","given":"Sean J.","affiliations":[{"id":13378,"text":"University of Otago, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richards-Dinger, Keith B.","contributorId":198155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richards-Dinger","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":929135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Kate","contributorId":295749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":929136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Biasi, Glenn 0000-0003-0940-5488 gbiasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-5488","contributorId":195946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biasi","given":"Glenn","email":"gbiasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":929137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cochran, Ursula A.","contributorId":351622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cochran","given":"Ursula A.","affiliations":[{"id":26939,"text":"GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Langridge, Robert M.","contributorId":175117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langridge","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":929139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Berryman, Kelvin R.","contributorId":351623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berryman","given":"Kelvin R.","affiliations":[{"id":26939,"text":"GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sutherland, Rupert 0000-0001-7430-0055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7430-0055","contributorId":278669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutherland","given":"Rupert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57245,"text":"School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70224635,"text":"70224635 - 2021 - Global resorption efficiencies of trace elements in leaves of terrestrial plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-01T13:12:13.744382","indexId":"70224635","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-19T08:10:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global resorption efficiencies of trace elements in leaves of terrestrial plants","docAbstract":"Fish migration in rivers is a growing area of concern as mounting anthropogenic influences, particularly fragmentation from dams and barriers, constitute major threats to global river species diversity. Barriers can impede the movement of fishes between areas critical to the completion of their lifecycle, affecting both population and ecosystem viability. In response, fish passage solutions have been identified as a critical need to maintain fisheries viability in the Laurentian Great Lakes, and around the world. Pivotal to the success of these fish passage solutions is a more complete understanding of the movement phenology and environmental cues that instigate migration. We used a dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) to evaluate environmental triggers of river entry during spring and summer for three size classes of migratory fishes in the Boardman River, a Lake Michigan tributary. Our results indicate that medium size fish (>30 cm and < 50 cm), primarily composed of white sucker Catostomus commersonii and longnose sucker Catostomus catostomus were 21% more likely to enter the river at sunset and 25% less likely at midnight in comparison to midday. Entry rates of medium fish increased 6% for every 1 °C increase in river temperature, 4% for every 1 m3/s increase in river discharge from the day prior, and were reduced by 1% for every 10 cm increase in lake level. Understanding these processes in the tributaries of the Great Lakes is important to inform the fish passage solutions currently being developed for the Boardman River, and to inform management regulations for Great Lakes migratory fishes.
Coking coal, or metallurgical coal, has been produced in the United States for nearly 200 years. Coking coal is primarily used in the production of coke for use in the steel industry, and for other uses (for example, foundries, blacksmithing, heating buildings, and brewing). Currently, U.S. coking coal is produced in Alabama, Arkansas, Pennsylvania, Virginia , and West Virginia. Historically, coking coal has also been produced in 15 other states (Alaska, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Montana, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming), but currently is not. Coals from the Appalachian, Arkoma, and Illinois basins are Pennsylvanian in age, while coals in Alaska, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming range in age from Early Cretaceous through Eocene.
This Open-File Report presents the geographic locations of current and historical coking coal deposits of the United States, with additional information about recent and historical mining and exploration activities. Chemical, rheological, petrographic, and other criteria for evaluating the coking potential of coals are discussed, and historical data for coking coals in the United States are presented. In addition, new coking coal samples from Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, and Oklahoma were collected and analyzed for this report, and the data are presented in multiple tables, including proximate and ultimate analyses; calorific value; sulfur forms; major-, minor-, and trace-element abundances; Free-Swelling Index; Gieseler Plastometer analyses; American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) dilatation; coal petrography; and predicted values of Coal Stability Factor and Coal Strength after Reaction with CO2 (pCSF and pCSR, respectively). Data from previously analyzed coking coal samples in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia were supplied by three companies, including results from all the tests listed above, plus oxidation, Hardgrove Grindability Index, and ash fusion (in a reducing environment) temperatures are also presented in tables in the report.
Geographic Information System (GIS) data compiled for this project are available for download for public and private utilization and may be used to create maps for a variety of energy resource studies. These GIS data are in shapefile format, and metadata files are included describing all GIS processing. Additional geographic information about coking coal areas of the United States are also presented in tabular format in the report, including the following: names of coal basins, fields, regions, districts, and areas; coal beds or zones; geographic locations including States, counties, towns, rivers, mountains, etc.; stratigraphic hierarchy and age of the coal-bearing interval; coking characteristics including sulfur content, ash yield, volatile matter, moisture, calorific value, and Free-Swelling Index; coal rank; names of coal mines and coal-mining companies; current and past mining activity; and references for reports about the coal.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201113","usgsCitation":"Trippi, M.H., Ruppert, L.F., Eble, C.F., and Hower, J.C., 2021, Coking coal of the United States—Modern and historical coking coal mining locations and chemical, rheological, petrographic, and other data from modern samples: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1113, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201113.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 112 p.; Tables 1.1-21.1; Data Release; Metadata; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-111543","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381899,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1113/ofr20201113_appendix_tables_csv.zip","text":"Tables","size":"88.9 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Zip file of tables 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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
954 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated a mean of 1,407 billion (1.4 trillion) cubic feet of gas in conventional accumulations in Upper Devonian to Lower Cretaceous strata of the western North Slope, Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20213003","usgsCitation":"Houseknecht, D.W., Mercier, T.J., Schenk, C.J., Moore, T.E., Rouse, W.A., Dumoulin, J.A., Craddock, W.H., Lease, R.O., Botterell, P.J., Sanders, M.M., Smith, R.A., Connors, C.D., Garrity, C.P., Whidden, K.J., Gooley, J.T., Counts, J.W., Long, J.H., and DeVera, C.A., 2021, Assessment of undiscovered gas resources in Upper Devonian to Lower Cretaceous strata of the western North Slope, Alaska, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2021-3003, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213003.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-125170","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3003/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":382892,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3003/fs20213003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2021-3003"},{"id":382893,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9C3N5VV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project - Northern Alaska Province, Western North Slope Assessment Unit Boundaries and Assessment Input Data Forms"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.640625,\n 66.16051056018838\n ],\n [\n -155.302734375,\n 66.16051056018838\n ],\n [\n -155.302734375,\n 71.49703690095419\n ],\n [\n -166.640625,\n 71.49703690095419\n ],\n [\n -166.640625,\n 66.16051056018838\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
954 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and their collaborators conducted a study of the geochemical properties of coals currently produced for electric power generation in the Illinois Basin in Illinois and Indiana. The study follows from recommendations by an expert panel for the USGS to investigate the distribution and controls of trace constituents such as mercury (Hg) in Illinois Basin coals and the behavior of these constituents in coal preparation. A total of 72 new samples were collected by USGS collaborators between 2015 and 2017. These samples include raw coals, prepared coals, and waste coals from coal preparation. To understand the geochemistry and cleaning behavior of these coals, these samples were subjected to an integrated series of analyses described here, including microanalysis of coal constituents and bulk sample chemical analysis. Of the procedures used, whole-sample Hg analysis quantified overall mercury contents and its reduction by coal preparation. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of pyrite in coal quantified Hg and other potentially harmful elements contained in pyrite, the most likely host of these constituents. Trace elements investigated include those whose emissions are regulated under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Mercury and Air Toxics Standards. This report and the corresponding data release, serve as an archive for geochemical data obtained in our study of the geochemistry of Illinois Basin coals. Material included in this report also define approaches used by the USGS over the period of study to characterize coal samples, requiring combined use of results from USGS and non-USGS laboratories.
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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
954 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Salinity in the Colorado River Basin causes an estimated $300 to $400 million per year in economic damages in the U.S. To inform and improve salinity‐control efforts, this study quantifies long‐term trends in salinity (dissolved solids) across the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), including time periods prior to the construction of large dams and preceding the implementation of salinity‐control projects. Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season was used with datasets of dissolved‐solids and specific‐conductance measurements, collected as early as 1929, to evaluate long‐term trends in dissolved‐solids loads and concentrations in streams from 1929 to 2019 (n=14). Results indicate that large, widespread, and sustained downward trends in dissolved‐solids concentrations and loads occurred over the last 50 to 90 years. For 12 of the 14 stream sites with significant downward change, median declines of ‐38% (range of ‐14 to ‐57%) and ‐40% (range of ‐9 to ‐65%) were observed for flow‐normalized concentration and load, respectively. Steepest rates of decline occurred from 1980 to 2000, coincident with the initiation of salinity‐control efforts in the 1980s. However, there was a consistent slowing or reversing of downward trends after 2000 even though salinity‐control efforts continued. Significant decreases in salinity occurred as early as the 1940s at some streams, indicating that, in addition to salinity‐control projects, changes in land cover, land use, and/or climate substantially affect salinity transport in the UCRB. Observed dissolved‐solids trends are likely the result of changes to watershed‐related processes, not due to changes in the streamflow regime.
Remote oceanic islands have high potential to harbor unique fauna and flora, but opportunities to conduct in-depth biotic surveys are often limited. Furthermore, underrepresentation of existing biodiversity in the literature has the potential to detract from conservation planning and action. Between 18 and 29 October 2018, we surveyed the terrestrial vertebrates of East Rennell, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Solomon Islands. We documented 56 species, including 15 squamates, 13 mammals, and 38 birds, and present four new vertebrate records for the island: Stephan's emerald dove (Chalcophaps stephani), Maluku myotis (Myotis moluccarum), littoral skink (Emoia atrocostata) and brahminy blindsnake (Indotyphlops braminus). East Rennell was designated a World Heritage site for its significant on-going ecological and biological processes, and importance for the study of island biogeography. The new records presented here provide evidence that continued field studies combined with DNA analysis will continue to uncover even greater endemic biodiversity. Rennell is currently experiencing major habitat destruction in parts of the island that are not under World Heritage protection, and we anticipate collateral damage will likely extend into protected areas. Our survey also underscores the incredible vertebrate biodiversity that stands to be lost unless conservation actions and local community needs are intertwined to promote beneficial outcomes on both fronts.