Detecting declines in populations at broad spatial scales takes enormous effort, and long-term data are often more sparse than is desired for estimating trends, identifying drivers for population changes, framing conservation decisions or taking management actions. Museum records and historic data can be available at large scales across multiple decades, and are therefore an attractive source of information on the comparative status of populations. However, changes in populations may be real (e.g., in response to environmental covariates) or resulting from variation in our ability to observe the true population response (also possibly related to environmental covariates). This is a (statistical) nuisance in understanding the true status of a population. Evaluating statistical hypotheses alongside more interesting ecological ones is important in the appropriate use of museum data. Two statistical considerations are generally applicable to use of museum records: first without initial random sampling, comparison with contemporary results cannot provide inference to the entire range of a species, and second the availability of only some individuals in a population may respond to environmental changes. Changes in the availability of individuals may reduce the proportion of the population that is present and able to be counted on a given survey event, resulting in an apparent decline even when population size is stable.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12702","usgsCitation":"Grant, E., 2015, Please don't misuse the museum: 'declines' may be statistical: Global Change Biology, v. 21, no. 3, p. 1018-1024, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12702.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1018","endPage":"1024","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059011","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291855,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12702"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e484b6e4b0fff4042801c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, Evan H. Campbell","contributorId":14686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70129652,"text":"70129652 - 2015 - Evaluating the predictive performance of empirical estimators of natural mortality rate using information on over 200 fish species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T11:37:30","indexId":"70129652","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T14:28:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1936,"text":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the predictive performance of empirical estimators of natural mortality rate using information on over 200 fish species","docAbstract":"Many methods have been developed in the last 70 years to predict the natural mortality rate, M, of a stock based on empirical evidence from comparative life history studies. These indirect or empirical methods are used in most stock assessments to (i) obtain estimates of M in the absence of direct information, (ii) check on the reasonableness of a direct estimate of M, (iii) examine the range of plausible M estimates for the stock under consideration, and (iv) define prior distributions for Bayesian analyses. The two most cited empirical methods have appeared in the literature over 2500 times to date. Despite the importance of these methods, there is no consensus in the literature on how well these methods work in terms of prediction error or how their performance may be ranked. We evaluate estimators based on various combinations of maximum age (tmax), growth parameters, and water temperature by seeing how well they reproduce >200 independent, direct estimates of M. We use tenfold cross-validation to estimate the prediction error of the estimators and to rank their performance. With updated and carefully reviewed data, we conclude that a tmax-based estimator performs the best among all estimators evaluated. The tmax-based estimators in turn perform better than the Alverson–Carney method based on tmax and the von Bertalanffy K coefficient, Pauly’s method based on growth parameters and water temperature and methods based just on K. It is possible to combine two independent methods by computing a weighted mean but the improvement over the tmax-based methods is slight. Based on cross-validation prediction error, model residual patterns, model parsimony, and biological considerations, we recommend the use of a tmax-based estimator (
Differentiating salient histopathologic changes from normal anatomic features or tissue artifacts can be decidedly challenging, especially for the novice fish pathologist. As a consequence, findings of questionable accuracy may be reported inadvertently, and the potential negative impacts of publishing inaccurate histopathologic interpretations are not always fully appreciated. The objectives of this article are to illustrate a number of specific morphologic findings in commonly examined fish tissues (e.g., gills, liver, kidney, and gonads) that are frequently either misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, and to address related issues involving the interpretation of histopathologic data. To enhance the utility of this article as a guide, photomicrographs of normal and abnormal specimens are presented. General recommendations for generating and publishing results from histopathology studies are additionally provided. It is hoped that the furnished information will be a useful resource for manuscript generation, by helping authors, reviewers, and readers to critically assess fish histopathologic data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Toxologic Pathology","doi":"10.1177/0192623314540229","usgsCitation":"Wolf, J., Baumgartner, W.A., Blazer, V., Camus, A., Engelhardt, J.A., Fournie, J.W., Frasca, S., Groman, D.B., Kent, M., Khoo, L.H., Law, J.M., Lombardini, E.D., Ruehl-Fehlert, C., Segner, H.E., Smith, S.A., Spitsbergen, J.M., Weber, K., and Wolfe, M.J., 2015, Nonlesions, misdiagnoses, missed diagnoses, and other interpretive challenges in fish histopathology studies: a guide for investigators, authors, reviewers, and readers: Toxicologic Pathology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 297-325, https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623314540229.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055763","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294912,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623314540229"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542fbaa4e4b092f17df61d49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":17931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Jeffrey C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baumgartner, Wes A.","contributorId":11142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Wes","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Camus, Alvin C.","contributorId":52908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camus","given":"Alvin C.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":494400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engelhardt, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":18695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engelhardt","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fournie, John W.","contributorId":26242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Frasca, Salvatore Jr.","contributorId":21885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frasca","given":"Salvatore","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Groman, David B.","contributorId":106427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kent, Michael L.","contributorId":108420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Khoo, Lester H.","contributorId":75463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khoo","given":"Lester","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Law, Jerry M.","contributorId":55759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lombardini, Eric D.","contributorId":11529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombardini","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ruehl-Fehlert, Christine","contributorId":42154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruehl-Fehlert","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Segner, Helmut E.","contributorId":94618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segner","given":"Helmut","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Smith, Stephen A.","contributorId":52909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Spitsbergen, Jan M.","contributorId":87474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spitsbergen","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Weber, Klaus","contributorId":105654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Klaus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Wolfe, Marilyn J.","contributorId":69909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70159977,"text":"70159977 - 2015 - The economic viability of smallholder timber production under expanding açaí palm production in the Amazon Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:57:01","indexId":"70159977","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2295,"text":"Journal of Forest Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The economic viability of smallholder timber production under expanding açaí palm production in the Amazon Estuary","docAbstract":"Relatively little attention has been paid to the economic potentials and limitations of tropical timber production and management at smallholder scales, with the most relevant research focusing on community forestry efforts. As a rare tropical example of long-lasting small-scale timber production, in this study we explore the economics of smallholder vertically integrated timber use to better understand the activity in the context of its primary land use alternative in the Amazon Estuary, açaí palm fruit production. We use data from landowner and firm surveys, participatory monitoring of firms, and detailed forest and sawmill operation monitoring to devise financial returns models of smallholder timber micro firms and açaí palm fruit production. We then compare the economics of the two activities to better understand how differences may shape decisions at the small holder scale that impact current land use shifts in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Umeå Forest University Press","publisherLocation":"Umeå, Sweden","doi":"10.1016/j.jfe.2014.06.001","usgsCitation":"Fortini, L.B., and Carter, D.R., 2015, The economic viability of smallholder timber production under expanding açaí palm production in the Amazon Estuary: Journal of Forest Economics, v. 20, no. 3, p. 223-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2014.06.001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"235","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052234","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2014.06.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312006,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Amazon River, Mazagão watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -51.6,\n -0.5\n ],\n [\n -51.6,\n -0.4 \n ],\n [\n -51.5,\n -0.4 \n ],\n [\n -51.5,\n -0.5\n ],\n [\n -51.6,\n -0.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5666bbf6e4b06a3ea36c8b54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fortini, Lucas B. 0000-0002-5781-7295 lfortini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-7295","contributorId":4645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortini","given":"Lucas","email":"lfortini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Douglas R.","contributorId":150364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13197,"text":"School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70138851,"text":"70138851 - 2015 - Non-native fishes in Florida freshwaters: a literature review and synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-23T16:24:54","indexId":"70138851","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-native fishes in Florida freshwaters: a literature review and synthesis","docAbstract":"Non-native fishes have been known from freshwater ecosystems of Florida since the 1950s, and dozens of species have established self-sustaining populations. Nonetheless, no synthesis of data collected on those species in Florida has been published until now. We searched the literature for peer-reviewed publications reporting original data for 42 species of non-native fishes in Florida that are currently established, were established in the past, or are sustained by human intervention. Since the 1950s, the number of non-native fish species increased steadily at a rate of roughly six new species per decade. Studies documented (in decreasing abundance): geographic location/range expansion, life- and natural-history characteristics (e.g., diet, habitat use), ecophysiology, community composition, population structure, behaviour, aquatic-plant management, and fisheries/aquaculture. Although there is a great deal of taxonomic uncertainty and confusion associated with many taxa, very few studies focused on clarifying taxonomic ambiguities of non-native fishes in the State. Most studies were descriptive; only 15 % were manipulative. Risk assessments, population-control studies and evaluations of effects of non-native fishes were rare topics for research, although they are highly valued by natural-resource managers. Though some authors equated lack of data with lack of effects, research is needed to confirm or deny conclusions. Much more is known regarding the effects of lionfish (Pterois spp.) on native fauna, despite its much shorter establishment time. Natural-resource managers need biological and ecological information to make policy decisions regarding non-native fishes. Given the near-absence of empirical data on effects of Florida non-native fishes, and the lengthy time-frames usually needed to collect such information, we provide suggestions for data collection in a manner that may be useful in the evaluation and prediction of non-native fish effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11160-014-9373-7","usgsCitation":"Schofield, P., and Loftus, W.F., 2015, Non-native fishes in Florida freshwaters: a literature review and synthesis: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 25, no. 1, p. 117-145, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9373-7.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"145","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052519","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 24.256981315882488\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 31.024694128525137\n ],\n [\n -79.969482421875,\n 31.024694128525137\n ],\n [\n -79.969482421875,\n 24.256981315882488\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 24.256981315882488\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c16e4b08de9379b3621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797 pschofield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":127812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela J.","email":"pschofield@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, William F.","contributorId":138881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loftus","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12560,"text":"Aquatic Research & Communication, LLC, Vero Beach, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70132447,"text":"70132447 - 2015 - Introduced northern pike consumption of salmonids in Southcentral Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-10T14:49:05","indexId":"70132447","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduced northern pike consumption of salmonids in Southcentral Alaska","docAbstract":"The impacts of introduced northern pike (Esox lucius) on salmonid populations have attracted much attention because salmonids are popular subsistence, sport and commercial fish. Concern over the predatory effects of introduced pike on salmonids is especially high in Southcentral Alaska, where pike were illegally introduced to the Susitna River basin in the 1950s. We used pike abundance, growth, and diet estimates and bioenergetics models to characterise the realised and potential consumptive impacts that introduced pike (age 2 and older) have on salmonids in Alexander Creek, a tributary to the Susitna River. We found that juvenile salmonids were the dominant prey item in pike diets and that pike could consume up to 1.10 metric tons (realised consumption) and 1.66 metric tons (potential consumption) of juvenile salmonids in a summer. Age 3–4 pike had the highest per capita consumption of juvenile salmonids, and age 2 and age 3–4 pike had the highest overall consumption of juvenile salmonid biomass. Using historical data on Chinook salmon and pike potential consumption of juvenile salmonids, we found that pike consumption of juvenile salmonids may lead to collapsed salmon stocks in Alexander Creek. Taken together, our results indicate that pike consume a substantial biomass of juvenile salmonids in Alexander Creek and that coexistence of pike and salmon is unlikely without management actions to reduce or eliminate introduced pike.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12164","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, A., Rutz, D.S., Dupuis, A.W., Shields, P.A., and Dunker, K.J., 2015, Introduced northern pike consumption of salmonids in Southcentral Alaska: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 24, no. 4, p. 519-531, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12164.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"531","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056140","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alexander Creek, Deshka River, Sustina River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.698974609375,\n 60.392147922518845\n ],\n [\n -152.698974609375,\n 63.52897054110277\n ],\n [\n -147.930908203125,\n 63.52897054110277\n ],\n [\n -147.930908203125,\n 60.392147922518845\n ],\n [\n -152.698974609375,\n 60.392147922518845\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546727bce4b04d4b7dbde86f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam 0000-0001-7621-7028 asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":4187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutz, David S.","contributorId":38033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rutz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6770,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Division of Commercial Fish, Soldotna, AK 99669","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dupuis, Aaron W","contributorId":127025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dupuis","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":6770,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Division of Commercial Fish, Soldotna, AK 99669","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shields, Patrick A","contributorId":127026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shields","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":6770,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Division of Commercial Fish, Soldotna, AK 99669","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunker, Kristine J.","contributorId":38864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunker","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6770,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Division of Commercial Fish, Soldotna, AK 99669","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70137638,"text":"70137638 - 2015 - Models of invasion and establishment of African Mustard (Brassica tournefortii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-12T10:24:18","indexId":"70137638","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2100,"text":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Models of invasion and establishment of African Mustard (Brassica tournefortii)","docAbstract":"Introduced exotic plants can drive ecosystem change. We studied invasion and establishment ofBrassica tournefortii (African mustard), a noxious weed, in the Chemehuevi Valley, western Sonoran Desert, California. We used long-term data sets of photographs, transects for biomass of annual plants, and densities of African mustard collected at irregular intervals between 1979 and 2009. We suggest that African mustard may have been present in low numbers along the main route of travel, a highway, in the late 1970s; invaded the valley along a major axial valley ephemeral stream channel and the highway; and by 2009, colonized 22 km into the eastern part of the valley. We developed predictive models for invasibility and establishment of African mustard. Both during the initial invasion and after establishment, significant predictor variables of African mustard densities were surficial geology, proximity to the highway and axial valley ephemeral stream channel, and number of small ephemeral stream channels. The axial valley ephemeral stream channel was the most vulnerable of the variables to invasions. Overall, African mustard rapidly colonized and quickly became established in naturally disturbed areas, such as stream channels, where geological surfaces were young and soils were weakly developed. Older geological surfaces (e.g., desert pavements with soils 140,000 to 300,000 years old) were less vulnerable. Microhabitats also influenced densities of African mustard, with densities higher under shrubs than in the interspaces. As African mustard became established, the proportional biomass of native winter annual plants declined. Early control is important because African mustard can colonize and become well established across a valley in 20 yr.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1614/IPSM-D-14-00023.1","usgsCitation":"Berry, K.H., Gowan, T.A., Miller, D., and Brooks, M.L., 2015, Models of invasion and establishment of African Mustard (Brassica tournefortii): Invasive Plant Science and Management, v. 7, no. 4, p. 599-616, https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-14-00023.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"616","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017107","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Chemehuevi Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.49707031249999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -119.7509765625,\n 39.095962936305504\n ],\n [\n -113.5546875,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -118.6083984375,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -124.8486328125,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -124.49707031249999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c02e4b08de9379b35dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gowan, Timothy A.","contributorId":138595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gowan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12456,"text":"former USGS scientist","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70141792,"text":"70141792 - 2015 - Trend analyses with river sediment rating curves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-02T10:00:11","indexId":"70141792","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trend analyses with river sediment rating curves","docAbstract":"Sediment rating curves, which are fitted relationships between river discharge (Q) and suspended-sediment concentration (C), are commonly used to assess patterns and trends in river water quality. In many of these studies it is assumed that rating curves have a power-law form (i.e., C = aQb, where a and b are fitted parameters). Two fundamental questions about the utility of these techniques are assessed in this paper: (i) How well to the parameters, a and b, characterize trends in the data? (ii) Are trends in rating curves diagnostic of changes to river water or sediment discharge? As noted in previous research, the offset parameter, a, is not an independent variable for most rivers, but rather strongly dependent on b and Q. Here it is shown that a is a poor metric for trends in the vertical offset of a rating curve, and a new parameter, â, as determined by the discharge-normalized power function [C = â (Q/QGM)b], where QGM is the geometric mean of the Q values sampled, provides a better characterization of trends. However, these techniques must be applied carefully, because curvature in the relationship between log(Q) and log(C), which exists for many rivers, can produce false trends in â and b. Also, it is shown that trends in â and b are not uniquely diagnostic of river water or sediment supply conditions. For example, an increase in â can be caused by an increase in sediment supply, a decrease in water supply, or a combination of these conditions. Large changes in water and sediment supplies can occur without any change in the parameters, â and b. Thus, trend analyses using sediment rating curves must include additional assessments of the time-dependent rates and trends of river water, sediment concentrations, and sediment discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Online Library","publisherLocation":"Chichester, Sussex, England","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10198","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., 2015, Trend analyses with river sediment rating curves: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, no. 6, p. 936-949, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10198.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"936","endPage":"949","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052344","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488444,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10198","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298087,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ec5d49e4b02d776a67dab9","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/hyp.10198","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10198","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Warrick Jonathan A.","journalName":"Hydrological Processes","publicationDate":"4/25/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814 jwarrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":139314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","email":"jwarrick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70155944,"text":"70155944 - 2015 - Real-time inversions for finite fault slip models and rupture geometry based on high-rate GPS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T12:59:29","indexId":"70155944","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-17T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Real-time inversions for finite fault slip models and rupture geometry based on high-rate GPS data","docAbstract":"We present an inversion strategy capable of using real-time high-rate GPS data to simultaneously solve for a distributed slip model and fault geometry in real time as a rupture unfolds. We employ Bayesian inference to find the optimal fault geometry and the distribution of possible slip models for that geometry using a simple analytical solution. By adopting an analytical Bayesian approach, we can solve this complex inversion problem (including calculating the uncertainties on our results) in real time. Furthermore, since the joint inversion for distributed slip and fault geometry can be computed in real time, the time required to obtain a source model of the earthquake does not depend on the computational cost. Instead, the time required is controlled by the duration of the rupture and the time required for information to propagate from the source to the receivers. We apply our modeling approach, called Bayesian Evidence-based Fault Orientation and Real-time Earthquake Slip, to the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake, and a simulated Hayward fault earthquake. In all three cases, the inversion recovers the magnitude, spatial distribution of slip, and fault geometry in real time. Since our inversion relies on static offsets estimated from real-time high-rate GPS data, we also present performance tests of various approaches to estimating quasi-static offsets in real time. We find that the raw high-rate time series are the best data to use for determining the moment magnitude of the event, but slightly smoothing the raw time series helps stabilize the inversion for fault geometry.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010622","usgsCitation":"Minson, S.E., Murray, J.R., Langbein, J.O., and Gomberg, J.S., 2015, Real-time inversions for finite fault slip models and rupture geometry based on high-rate GPS data: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 119, no. 4, p. 3201-3231, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010622.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"3201","endPage":"3231","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051917","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140725-094124222","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfbbe4b08400b1fe142f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minson, Sarah E. 0000-0001-5869-3477 sminson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-3477","contributorId":5357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minson","given":"Sarah","email":"sminson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langbein, John O. 0000-0002-7821-8101 langbein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-8101","contributorId":3293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","email":"langbein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70099201,"text":"70099201 - 2015 - Projected risk of population declines for native fish species in the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-02T14:23:03","indexId":"70099201","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-24T13:21:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected risk of population declines for native fish species in the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Conservationists are in need of objective metrics for prioritizing the management of habitats. For individual species, the threat of extinction is often used to prioritize what species are in need of conservation action. Using long-term monitoring data, we applied a Bayesian diffusion approximation to estimate quasi-extinction risk for 54 native fish species within six commercial navigation reaches along a 1350-km gradient of the upper Mississippi River system. We found a strong negative linear relationship between quasi-extinction risk and distance upstream. For some species, quasi-extinction estimates ranged from nearly zero in some reaches to one in others, suggesting substantial variability in threats facing individual river reaches. We found no evidence that species traits affected quasi-extinction risk across the entire system. Our results indicate that fishes within the upper Mississippi River system face localized threats that vary across river impact gradients. This suggests that conservation actions should be focused on local habitat scales but should also consider the additive effects on downstream conditions. We also emphasize the need for identification of proximate mechanisms behind observed and predicted population declines, as conservation actions will require mitigation of such mechanisms. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2741","usgsCitation":"Crimmins, S., Boma, P., and Thogmartin, W., 2015, Projected risk of population declines for native fish species in the Upper Mississippi River: River Research and Applications, v. 31, no. 2, p. 135-142, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2741.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"142","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052471","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2741","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":284401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284400,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2741"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.2469,35.9732 ], [ -95.2469,47.4978 ], [ -89.0944,47.4978 ], [ -89.0944,35.9732 ], [ -95.2469,35.9732 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c2de4b08de9379b3690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crimmins, S.M.","contributorId":42870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crimmins","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boma, P.","contributorId":74298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boma","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, W.E. 0000-0002-2384-4279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":26392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"W.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70136228,"text":"70136228 - 2015 - Assessing stand water use in four coastal wetland forests using sapflow techniques: annual estimates, errors and associated uncertainties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-09T13:22:06","indexId":"70136228","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing stand water use in four coastal wetland forests using sapflow techniques: annual estimates, errors and associated uncertainties","docAbstract":"Forests comprise approximately 37% of the terrestrial land surface and influence global water cycling. However, very little attention has been directed towards understanding environmental impacts on stand water use (S) or in identifying rates of S from specific forested wetlands. Here, we use sapflow techniques to address two separate but linked objectives: (1) determine S in four, hydrologically distinctive South Carolina (USA) wetland forests from 2009–2010 and (2) describe potential error, uncertainty and stand-level variation associated with these assessments. Sapflow measurements were made from a number of tree species for approximately 2–8 months over 2 years to initiate the model, which was applied to canopy trees (DBH > 10–20 cm). We determined that S in three healthy forested wetlands varied from 1.97–3.97 mm day−1 or 355–687 mm year−1 when scaled. In contrast, saltwater intrusion impacted individual tree physiology and size class distributions on a fourth site, which decreased S to 0.61–1.13 mm day−1 or 110–196 mm year−1. The primary sources of error in estimations using sapflow probes would relate to calibration of probes and standardization relative to no flow periods and accounting for accurate sapflow attenuation with radial depth into the sapwood by species and site. Such inherent variation in water use among wetland forest stands makes small differences in S (<200 mm year−1) difficult to detect statistically through modelling, even though small differences may be important to local water cycling. These data also represent some of the first assessments of S from temperate, coastal forested wetlands along the Atlantic coast of the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10130","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K.W., Duberstein, J., and Conner, W.H., 2015, Assessing stand water use in four coastal wetland forests using sapflow techniques: annual estimates, errors and associated uncertainties: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, no. 1, p. 112-127, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10130.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043270","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b3ce4b08de9379b32ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duberstein, Jamie A.","contributorId":91007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duberstein","given":"Jamie A.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conner, William H.","contributorId":79376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141609,"text":"70141609 - 2015 - The 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake and its significance for seismic hazards in eastern North America: overview and synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-13T17:06:21","indexId":"70141609","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake and its significance for seismic hazards in eastern North America: overview and synthesis","docAbstract":"The 23 August 2011 Mw (moment magnitude) 5.7 ± 0.1, Mineral, Virginia, earthquake was the largest and most damaging in the central and eastern United States since the 1886 Mw 6.8–7.0, Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake. Seismic data indicate that the earthquake rupture occurred on a southeast-dipping reverse fault and consisted of three subevents that progressed northeastward and updip. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) \"Did You Feel It?\" intensity reports from across the eastern United States and southeastern Canada, rockfalls triggered at distances to 245 km, and regional groundwater-level changes are all consistent with efficient propagation of high-frequency seismic waves (∼1 Hz and higher) in eastern North America due to low attenuation.
\nReported damage included cracked or shifted foundations and broken walls or chimneys, notably in unreinforced masonry, and indicated intensities up to VIII in the epicentral area based on USGS \"Did You Feel It?\" reports. The earthquake triggered the first automatic shutdown of a U.S. nuclear power plant, located ∼23 km northeast of the main shock epicenter. Although shaking exceeded the plant's design basis earthquake, the actual damage to safety-related structures, systems, and components was superficial. Damage to relatively tall masonry structures 130 km to the northeast in Washington, D.C., was consistent with source directivity, soft-soil ground-motion amplification, and anisotropic wave propagation with lower attenuation parallel to the northeast-trending Appalachian tectonic fabric.
\nThe earthquake and aftershocks occurred in crystalline rocks within Paleozoic thrust sheets of the Chopawamsic terrane. The main shock and majority of aftershocks delineated the newly named Quail fault zone in the subsurface, and shallow aftershocks defined outlying faults. The earthquake induced minor liquefaction sand boils, but notably there was no evidence of a surface fault rupture. Recurrence intervals, and evidence for larger earthquakes in the Quaternary in this area, remain important unknowns. This event, along with similar events during historical time, is a reminder that earthquakes of similar or larger magnitude pose a real hazard in eastern North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.2509(01)","usgsCitation":"Horton, J., Chapman, M.C., and Green, R.A., 2015, The 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake and its significance for seismic hazards in eastern North America: overview and synthesis: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 509, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.2509(01).","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053751","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.343505859375,\n 37.61423141542417\n ],\n [\n -78.343505859375,\n 38.134556577054134\n ],\n [\n -77.49755859375,\n 38.134556577054134\n ],\n [\n -77.49755859375,\n 37.61423141542417\n ],\n [\n -78.343505859375,\n 37.61423141542417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"509","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e7173ce4b02d776a66a01b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Martin C.","contributorId":139348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapman","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Russell A.","contributorId":94708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048679,"text":"70048679 - 2015 - Quantifying climate change mitigation potential in Great Plains wetlands for three greenhouse gas emission scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T16:44:14","indexId":"70048679","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-29T12:42:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2764,"text":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying climate change mitigation potential in Great Plains wetlands for three greenhouse gas emission scenarios","docAbstract":"We examined opportunities for avoided loss of wetland carbon stocks in the Great Plains of the United States in the context of future agricultural expansion through analysis of land-use land-cover (LULC) change scenarios, baseline carbon datasets and biogeochemical model outputs. A wetland map that classifies wetlands according to carbon pools was created to describe future patterns of carbon loss and potential carbon savings. Wetland avoided loss scenarios, superimposed upon LULC change scenarios, quantified carbon stocks preserved under criteria of carbon densities or land value plus cropland suitability. Up to 3420 km2 of wetlands may be lost in the region by 2050, mainly due to conversion of herbaceous wetlands in the Temperate Prairies where soil organic carbon (SOC) is highest. SOC loss would be approximately 0.20 ± 0.15 megagrams of carbon per hectare per year (MgC ha−1 yr−1), depending upon tillage practices on converted wetlands, and total ecosystem carbon loss in woody wetlands would be approximately 0.81 ± 0.41 MgC ha−1 yr−1, based on biogeochemical model results. Among wetlands vulnerable to conversion, wetlands in the Northern Glaciated Plains and Lake Agassiz Plains ecoregions exhibit very high mean SOC and on average, relatively low land values, potentially creating economically competitive opportunities for avoided carbon loss. This mitigation scenarios approach may be adapted by managers using their own preferred criteria to select sites that best meet their objectives. Results can help prioritize field-based assessments, where site-level investigations of carbon stocks, land value, and consideration of local priorities for climate change mitigation programs are needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11027-013-9500-0","usgsCitation":"Byrd, K.B., Ratliff, J.L., Wein, A., Bliss, N.B., Sleeter, B.M., Sohl, T.L., and Li, Z., 2015, Quantifying climate change mitigation potential in Great Plains wetlands for three greenhouse gas emission scenarios: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, v. 20, no. 3, p. 439-465, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9500-0.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"465","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044709","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9500-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278531,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9500-0"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.2,28.2 ], [ -114.2,49.2 ], [ -95.6,49.2 ], [ -95.6,28.2 ], [ -114.2,28.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5270cafee4b0f7a10664c7a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrd, Kristin B. 0000-0002-5725-7486 kbyrd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-7486","contributorId":3814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"Kristin","email":"kbyrd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratliff, Jamie L. 0000-0002-9967-3314 jratliff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9967-3314","contributorId":665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"Jamie","email":"jratliff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Li, Zhengpeng","contributorId":80812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Zhengpeng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70125354,"text":"70125354 - 2015 - The precarious persistence of the endangered Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa in southern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T12:28:23","indexId":"70125354","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-17T11:02:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2968,"text":"Oryx","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The precarious persistence of the endangered Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa in southern California, USA","docAbstract":"We conducted surveys for the Endangered Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa throughout southern California to evaluate the current distribution and status of the species. Surveys were conducted during 2000–2009 at 150 unique streams and lakes within the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Palomar mountains of southern California. Only nine small, geographically isolated populations were detected across the four mountain ranges, and all tested positive for the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Our data show that when R. muscosa is known to be present it is easily detectable (89%) in a single visit during the frog's active season. We estimate that only 166 adult frogs remained in the wild in 2009. Our research indicates that R. muscosa populations in southern California are threatened by natural and stochastic events and may become extirpated in the near future unless there is some intervention to save them.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oryx","doi":"10.1017/S003060531300029X","usgsCitation":"Backlin, A.R., Hitchcock, C., Gallegos, E., Yee, J.L., and Fisher, R.N., 2015, The precarious persistence of the endangered Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa in southern California, USA: Oryx, v. 49, no. 1, p. 157-164, https://doi.org/10.1017/S003060531300029X.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042523","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531300029x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293950,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003060531300029X"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palomar, San Bernardino, San Gabriel, San Jacinto Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.45,38.8 ], [ -123.45,32.56 ], [ -114.17,32.56 ], [ -114.17,38.8 ], [ -123.45,38.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541aa2a9e4b01571b3d51d31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Backlin, Adam R. 0000-0001-5618-8426 abacklin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-8426","contributorId":3802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backlin","given":"Adam","email":"abacklin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hitchcock, Cynthia J. 0000-0001-9293-043X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9293-043X","contributorId":57389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitchcock","given":"Cynthia J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gallegos, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":42536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146875,"text":"70146875 - 2015 - A spaceborne inventory of volcanic activity in Antarctica and southern oceans, 2000-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-23T11:30:30","indexId":"70146875","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":814,"text":"Antarctic Science","onlineIssn":"1365-2079","printIssn":"0954-1020","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spaceborne inventory of volcanic activity in Antarctica and southern oceans, 2000-10","docAbstract":"Of the more than twenty historically active volcanoes in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic region only two, to our knowledge, host any ground-based monitoring instruments. Moreover, because of their remoteness, most of the volcanoes are seldom visited, thus relegating the monitoring of volcanism in this region almost entirely to satellites. In this study, high temporal resolution satellite data from the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology's MODVOLC system using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) are complemented with high spatial resolution data (ASTER, or Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, and similar sensors) to document volcanic activity throughout the region during the period 2000–10. Five volcanoes were observed in eruption (Mount Erebus, Mount Belinda, Mount Michael, Heard Island and McDonald Island), which were predominantly low-level and effusive in nature. Mount Belinda produced tephra, building a cinder cone in addition to an extensive lava field. Five volcanoes exhibited detectable thermal, and presumed fumarolic, activity (Deception, Zavodovski, Candlemas, Bristol, and Bellingshausen islands). A minor eruption reported at Marion Island was not detected in our survey due to its small size. This study also discovered a new active vent on Mount Michael, tracked dramatic vent enlargement on Heard Island, and provides an improved picture of the morphology of some of the volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0954102013000436","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., and Smellie, J.L., 2015, A spaceborne inventory of volcanic activity in Antarctica and southern oceans, 2000-10: Antarctic Science, v. 25, no. 4, p. 475-500, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102013000436.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"500","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045805","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299845,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a17a9e4b0a658d792c870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smellie, John L.","contributorId":140375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smellie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70142636,"text":"70142636 - 2015 - The use of wavenumber normalization in computing spatially averaged coherencies (KRSPAC) of microtremor data from asymmetric arrays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-12T16:24:59","indexId":"70142636","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"The use of wavenumber normalization in computing spatially averaged coherencies (KRSPAC) of microtremor data from asymmetric arrays","docAbstract":"The SPAC method of processing microtremor noise observations for estimation of Vs profiles has a limitation that the array has circular or triangular symmetry in order to allow spatial (azimuthal) averaging of inter-station coherencies over a constant station separation. Common processing methods allow for station separations to vary by typically ±10% in the azimuthal averaging before degradation of the SPAC spectrum is excessive. A limitation on use of high-wavenumbers in inversions of SPAC spectra to Vs profiles has been the requirement for exact array symmetry to avoid loss of information in the azimuthal averaging step. In this paper we develop a new wavenumber-normalised SPAC method (KRSPAC) where instead of performing averaging of sets of coherency versus frequency spectra and then fitting to a model SPAC spectrum, we interpolate each spectrum to coherency versus k.r, where k and r are wavenumber and station separation respectively, and r may be different for each pair of stations. For fundamental mode Rayleigh-wave energy the model SPAC spectrum to be fitted reduces to Jo(kr). The normalization process changes with each iteration since k is a function of frequency and phase velocity and hence is updated each iteration. The method proves robust and is demonstrated on data acquired in the Santa Clara Valley, CA, (Site STGA) where an asymmetric array having station separations varying by a factor of 2 is compared with a conventional triangular array; a 300-mdeep borehole with a downhole Vs log provides nearby ground truth. The method is also demonstrated on data from the Pleasanton array, CA, where station spacings are irregular and vary from 400 to 1200 m. The KRSPAC method allows inversion of data using kr (unitless) values routinely up to 30, and occasionally up to 60. Thus despite the large and irregular station spacings, this array permits resolution of Vs as fine as 15 m for the near-surface sediments, and down to a maximum depth of 2.5 km.
","conferenceTitle":"SSA 2013","conferenceDate":"17-19 April 2013","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, Utah","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Asten, M., Stephenson, W.J., and Hartzell, S.H., 2015, The use of wavenumber normalization in computing spatially averaged coherencies (KRSPAC) of microtremor data from asymmetric arrays, SSA 2013, Salt Lake City, Utah, 17-19 April 2013, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064051","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5645c65fe4b0e2669b30f229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asten, M.W.","contributorId":101952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asten","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70162626,"text":"70162626 - 2015 - Geohydrologic and water-quality characterization of a fractured-bedrock test hole in an area of Marcellus shale gas development, Tioga County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-29T10:05:36","indexId":"70162626","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":128,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"15-24.0","title":"Geohydrologic and water-quality characterization of a fractured-bedrock test hole in an area of Marcellus shale gas development, Tioga County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"An integrated analysis of core, geophysical logs, gas isotopes, and specific-depth water-quality samples from the Cherry Flats test hole was used to characterize the stratigraphy, water-bearing zones, and groundwater quality at a site in southern Tioga County, Pennsylvania. The study was completed as a cooperative effort between the Pennsylvania Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey (BTGS) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The multi-disciplinary characterization of the test hole provided information to aid the bedrock mapping of the Cherry Flats 7.5-minute quadrangle by BTGS, and to help quantify the depth and character of fresh and saline groundwater in an area of shale-gas exploration.\n The Cherry Flats test hole was cored to a depth of 1,513 feet (ft) below land surface (bls) and cased to 189 ft through the collapsed mine workings of the former Arnot No. 2 underground coal mine. The test hole penetrated\n128.0 ft of Allegheny Formation and 154.1 ft of Pottsville Formation of Pennsylvanian age, 564.8 ft of Huntley Mountain Formation of Mississippian and Devonian age, and 666.3 ft of Catskill Formation of Devonian age. Core recovery was nearly 100 percent, except where\ncomplete core loss occurred from a depth of 1,231.1 to 1,240.8 ft. Several coal beds and mined-out coal horizons were penetrated in the Allegheny and Pottsville Formations. The test hole penetrated the entire thickness of the\nHuntley Mountain Formation and was completed in the middle part of the Catskill Formation.\n Bedding features penetrated by the test hole were estimated to have a strike of 021 degrees and dip about 1.7 degrees to the southeast, consistent\nwith the test-hole location on the north limb of the Blossburg syncline. Most fractures penetrated by the test hole were parallel to bedding, with steeply dipping fractures present but much less common. Fracture density, determined from optical televiewer, acoustic televiewer, and video logs, generally increased with depth from the base of casing to about 400 ft bls, then decreased with depth to the bottom of the hole except for an increase from 506 to 568 ft bls. Very few fractures were penetrated from 600 to 850 ft.\n The depths of fresh and saline water-bearing zones were identified in the test hole by geophysical-log analysis and, for inflow zones, verified by specific-depth groundwater sampling by the use of a wire-line point sampler.\nUnder ambient conditions and during pumping of the test hole, fresh water entered the hole from fractures at 567 and 580.5 ft bls, within grayish-red siltstone and greenish-gray sandstone, respectively, and flowed upward and\nexited at fractures from 303 to 319.5 ft; a very minor amount exited into fractures within coal beds at 240.4 and 252 ft bls. Transmissivity, estimated from analysis of the specific-capacity data and flowmeter logs, was about 18 ft2/d for the fracture zones from 567 to 580.5 ft and 6.7 ft2/d for fracture zones from 240.4 to 252 ft bls. The analysis estimated the hydraulic head of\nthe lower zone and that of the upper flow zone was 8 ft higher and 37 ft lower than the composite water level in the test hole, respectively. Water samples of the freshwater inflow from zones at 567 to 580.5 ft bls had a total dissolved solids concentration of 577 mg/L indicating that these zone are in the lower part of the active groundwater flow system. \n Below the freshwater-bearing zone at 580.5 ft, the flowmeter did not detect any vertical flow in the test hole, and the gradient of the temperature\nlog approached the geothermal gradient, indicating little ambient fluid flow and minimal fracture transmissivity below this depth. However, small seeps of saline water having total dissolved solids concentrations of greater\nthan about 6,200 mg/L at 945 and 946 ft bls, from dark-greenish-gray to greenish-gray silty beds, were delineated by a time series of specific conductancelogs and observed on the video log. 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Dodge, 2015, Geohydrologic and water-quality characterization of a fractured-bedrock test hole in an area of Marcellus shale gas development, Tioga County, Pennsylvania: Open-File Report 15-24.0, Report: 44 p.; Appendices 4; Supplemental Information.","productDescription":"Report: 44 p.; Appendices 4; Supplemental Information","ipdsId":"IP-057238","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":366027,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":" https://www.docs.dcnr.pa.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_20031484.zip"},{"id":314929,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/publications/pgspub/openfile/Geology-OFMI13-01.1/index.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania ","county":"Tioga County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-76.9651,42.0023],[-76.9291,42.0024],[-76.9238,41.9711],[-76.9209,41.9507],[-76.9162,41.918],[-76.9051,41.8466],[-76.9022,41.8257],[-76.9022,41.8248],[-76.8993,41.808],[-76.8987,41.8007],[-76.8976,41.783],[-76.8936,41.7503],[-76.8907,41.7267],[-76.8873,41.6999],[-76.885,41.6781],[-76.8838,41.6717],[-76.8833,41.6681],[-76.8805,41.6363],[-76.8747,41.599],[-76.8747,41.5968],[-76.8772,41.5941],[-76.8932,41.586],[-76.9,41.5842],[-76.9073,41.5824],[-76.9129,41.5815],[-76.9135,41.5815],[-76.9147,41.582],[-76.9159,41.5825],[-76.9172,41.5825],[-76.9202,41.5811],[-76.9233,41.577],[-76.9258,41.5721],[-76.9308,41.5698],[-76.9375,41.5685],[-76.9455,41.5667],[-76.9517,41.5644],[-76.9572,41.5608],[-76.961,41.5559],[-76.9634,41.5522],[-76.999,41.551],[-77.0009,41.5506],[-77.0751,41.5481],[-77.1279,41.5469],[-77.1979,41.5457],[-77.25,41.5449],[-77.2807,41.5445],[-77.2954,41.5441],[-77.315,41.5442],[-77.3335,41.5442],[-77.3512,41.5442],[-77.3905,41.5438],[-77.4034,41.5438],[-77.4801,41.5434],[-77.4813,41.5434],[-77.4868,41.5434],[-77.4997,41.5434],[-77.5193,41.5434],[-77.5978,41.5424],[-77.5991,41.5424],[-77.5997,41.5497],[-77.601,41.5987],[-77.601,41.6128],[-77.6017,41.6437],[-77.6017,41.6518],[-77.603,41.6999],[-77.603,41.7186],[-77.6043,41.7472],[-77.6043,41.7499],[-77.6043,41.7558],[-77.605,41.7944],[-77.605,41.8007],[-77.6056,41.8093],[-77.6056,41.8121],[-77.6057,41.8334],[-77.6063,41.8402],[-77.6076,41.9015],[-77.6076,41.9174],[-77.6077,41.9211],[-77.6096,41.9998],[-77.4394,42.001],[-77.1767,42.0002],[-77.1133,42.001],[-76.9651,42.0023]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Tioga\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d28bade4b0571647d0f932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clifford H. 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Significant sound speed anomalies found using inversion of pre-stack seismic data are observed in association with variable seismic amplitude anomalies in the thick sediment column. The anomalously low sound speeds below the inferred base of methane hydrate stability indicate the presence of potentially large quantities of gas-phase methane associated with each velocity-amplitude anomaly (VAMP). The data acquired are of such high quality that quantitative estimates of the concentrations of gas hydrates in the upper few hundred meters of sediment are also possible, and analyses are under way to make these estimates. Several VAMPs were specifically targeted in this survey; others were crossed incidentally. Indications of many dozens or hundreds of these features exist throughout the portion of the Bering Sea relevant to the U.S. extended continental shelf (ECS) consistent with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) were listed as endangered in the United States in 1970, largely due to reproductive failure and mortality caused by organochlorine contaminants, such as DDT. The southeast population, P.o. carolinensis, was delisted in 1985, while the west coast population, P.o. californicus, was not delisted until 2009. As fish-eating coastal seabirds, brown pelicans may serve as a biomonitors. Organic contaminants were examined in brown pelican eggs collected from the Gulf of California in 2004 and South Carolina in 2005 using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Contaminants were compared using all individual data as well as statistically pooled samples to provide similar sample sizes with little difference in results. Principal components analysis separated the Gulf of California brown pelican eggs from the South Carolina eggs based on contaminant patterns. The South Carolina population had significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordanes, dieldrin and mirex, while the Gulf of California eggs had higher levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). With the exception of dieldrin and brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) 47, this pattern was observed for mussel and oyster tissues from these regions, indicating the need for further study into the differences between east and west coast brown pelican populations and ecosystem contamination patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.055","usgsCitation":"Vander Pol, S.S., Anderson, D.W., Jodice, P.G., and Stuckey, J.E., 2015, East versus West: organic contaminant differences in brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) eggs from South Carolina, USA and the Gulf of California, Mexico: Science of the Total Environment, v. 438, p. 527-532, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.055.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"532","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032596","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n 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S.","contributorId":38776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vander Pol","given":"Stacy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Daniel W.","contributorId":74345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X pjodice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":1119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","email":"pjodice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit 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habitat assessment. Using a small number of habitat samples to predict the habitat of larger areas can reduce time and labor costs as long as it provides accurate estimates of habitat. The spatial correlation of stream habitat variables such as substrate and depth improves the accuracy of interpolated data. Several geographical information system interpolation methods (natural neighbor, inverse distance weighted, ordinary kriging, spline, and universal kriging) were used to predict substrate and depth within a 210.7-m2 section of a second-order stream based on 2.5% and 5.0% sampling of the total area. Depth and substrate were recorded for the entire study site and compared with the interpolated values to determine the accuracy of the predictions. In all instances, the 5% interpolations were more accurate for both depth and substrate than the 2.5% interpolations, which achieved accuracies up to 95% and 92%, respectively. Interpolations of depth based on 2.5% sampling attained accuracies of 49–92%, whereas those based on 5% percent sampling attained accuracies of 57–95%. Natural neighbor interpolation was more accurate than that using the inverse distance weighted, ordinary kriging, spline, and universal kriging approaches. Our findings demonstrate the effective use of minimal amounts of small-scale data for the interpolation of habitat over large areas of a stream channel. Use of this method will provide time and cost savings in the assessment of large sections of rivers as well as functional maps to aid the habitat-based management of aquatic species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/M07-080.1","usgsCitation":"Sheehan, K.R., and Welsh, S.A., 2015, An interpolation method for stream habitat assessments: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 29, no. 1, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1577/M07-080.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008643","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West 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The first step to addressing the benefits of floodplain restoration is to understand the interactions of flow, floodplain morphology, and land cover that together determine the biophysical capacity of the floodplain. In this article we address interactions between ecological restoration of floodplains and flood-risk reduction at 3 scales. At the scale of the Lower Missouri River corridor (1300 km) floodplain elevation datasets and flow models provide first-order calculations of the potential for Missouri River floodplains to store floods of varying magnitude and duration. At this same scale assessment of floodplain sand deposition from the 2011 Missouri River flood indicates the magnitude of flood damage that could potentially be limited by floodplain restoration. At the segment scale (85 km), 1-dimensional hydraulic modeling predicts substantial stage reductions with increasing area of floodplain restoration; mean stage reductions range from 0.12 to 0.66 m. This analysis also indicates that channel widening may contribute substantially to stage reductions as part of a comprehensive strategy to restore floodplain and channel habitats. Unsteady 1-dimensional flow modeling of restoration scenarios at this scale indicates that attenuation of peak discharges of an observed hydrograph from May 2007, of similar magnitude to a 10 % annual exceedance probability flood, would be minimal, ranging from 0.04 % (with 16 % floodplain restoration) to 0.13 % (with 100 % restoration). At the reach scale (15–20 km) 2-dimensional hydraulic models of alternative levee setbacks and floodplain roughness indicate complex processes and patterns of flooding including substantial variation in stage reductions across floodplains depending on topographic complexity and hydraulic roughness. Detailed flow patterns captured in the 2-dimensional model indicate that most floodplain storage occurs on the rising limb of the flood as water flows into floodplain bottoms from downstream; at a later time during the rising limb this pattern is reversed and the entire bottom conveys discharge down the valley. These results indicate that flood-risk reduction by attenuation is likely to be small on a large river like the Missouri and design strategies to optimize attenuation and ecological restoration should focus on frequent floods (20–50 % annual exceedance probability). Local stage reductions are a more certain benefit of floodplain restoration but local effects are highly dependent on magnitude of flood discharge and how floodplain vegetation communities contribute to hydraulic roughness. The most certain flood risk reduction benefit of floodplain restoration is avoidance of flood damages to crops and infrastructure.
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2630 Fanta Reed Road
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http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/