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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81300A","usgsCitation":"Townshend, J.B., Papp, J., Sauter, E., and Tilton, S., 1981, Preliminary geomagnetic data, College Observatory, Fairbanks, Alaska: January 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-300, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81300A.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":428147,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0300-a/report.pdf"},{"id":171708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0300-a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","otherGeospatial":"College Observatory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.9716829972995,\n 64.92275521538983\n ],\n [\n -147.9716829972995,\n 64.77266196148724\n ],\n [\n -147.4142995458633,\n 64.77266196148724\n ],\n [\n -147.4142995458633,\n 64.92275521538983\n ],\n [\n -147.9716829972995,\n 64.92275521538983\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673c80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Townshend, John B.","contributorId":70383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papp, J.E.","contributorId":95057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papp","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauter, E.A.","contributorId":51738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauter","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tilton, S.P.","contributorId":15670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilton","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":48689,"text":"ofr81269 - 1981 - Development of a quantitative model of stress in a seismic region as a basis for earthquake prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:44","indexId":"ofr81269","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-269","title":"Development of a quantitative model of stress in a seismic region as a basis for earthquake prediction","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81269","usgsCitation":"Aki, K., and Ikeda, K., 1981, Development of a quantitative model of stress in a seismic region as a basis for earthquake prediction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-269, [2], 26, 95 p., 3 leaves of plates : ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81269.","productDescription":"[2], 26, 95 p., 3 leaves of plates : ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0269/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85497,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0269/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6603b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aki, Keiiti","contributorId":88790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aki","given":"Keiiti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikeda, Keiichiro","contributorId":85831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeda","given":"Keiichiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48688,"text":"ofr81257 - 1981 - Fault activity of the Three Points and Pine Canyon segments, San Andreas fault zone, Los Angeles County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-16T21:27:01.807519","indexId":"ofr81257","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-257","title":"Fault activity of the Three Points and Pine Canyon segments, San Andreas fault zone, Los Angeles County, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81257","usgsCitation":"Kahle, J.E., and Barrows, A.G., 1981, Fault activity of the Three Points and Pine Canyon segments, San Andreas fault zone, Los Angeles County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-257, Report: 38 p.: 2 Sheets: 42.16 x 28.50 inches and 43.00 x 29.60 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81257.","productDescription":"Report: 38 p.: 2 Sheets: 42.16 x 28.50 inches and 43.00 x 29.60 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":85495,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0257/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387948,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11974.htm"},{"id":85494,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0257/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85496,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0257/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0257/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County","otherGeospatial":"Three Points and Pine Canyon segments of the San Adreas fault zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.6960,\n 34.6670\n ],\n [\n -118.4690,\n 34.6670\n ],\n [\n -118.4690,\n 34.7670\n ],\n [\n -118.6960,\n 34.7670\n ],\n [\n -118.6960,\n 34.6670\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f72fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kahle, J. E.","contributorId":10089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrows, A. G.","contributorId":32224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48687,"text":"ofr81251 - 1981 - Analyses and descriptions of geochemical samples, Sipsey Wilderness and additions, Lawrence and Winston counties, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-22T22:21:16.961035","indexId":"ofr81251","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-251","title":"Analyses and descriptions of geochemical samples, Sipsey Wilderness and additions, Lawrence and Winston counties, Alabama","docAbstract":"Semiquantitative emission spectrographic analyses for 31 elements on 271 stream sediments and 53 rock samples from Sipsey Wilderness and additions, Lawrence and Winston Counties, Ala., are reported here in detail. All sample localities are given in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates. Brief descriptions of rock samples are also included. Rocks analyzed are mostly sandstone, shale, and limestone. No obviously anomalous values related to mineralized rock are in the data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81251","usgsCitation":"Siems, D.F., Arbogast, B.F., and Grosz, A., 1981, Analyses and descriptions of geochemical samples, Sipsey Wilderness and additions, Lawrence and Winston counties, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-251, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81251.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429172,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0251/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171589,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0251/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","county":"Lawrence County, Winston County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.53333333333333,34.266666666666666 ], [ -87.53333333333333,34.43333333333333 ], [ -87.25,34.43333333333333 ], [ -87.25,34.266666666666666 ], [ -87.53333333333333,34.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6838d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siems, David F.","contributorId":100835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arbogast, Belinda F.","contributorId":89124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arbogast","given":"Belinda","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grosz, Andrew E.","contributorId":55051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosz","given":"Andrew E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":48686,"text":"ofr81246 - 1981 - Career patterns of women scientists in the Geologic Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:44","indexId":"ofr81246","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-246","title":"Career patterns of women scientists in the Geologic Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1980","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81246","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Career patterns of women scientists in the Geologic Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-246, 30 p. : ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81246.","productDescription":"30 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0246/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85493,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0246/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5efefc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48625,"text":"ofr802000 - 1981 - Surficial geophysical data for two cross-valley lines in the middle Eagle River valley, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:48","indexId":"ofr802000","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-2000","title":"Surficial geophysical data for two cross-valley lines in the middle Eagle River valley, Alaska","docAbstract":"In 1979, six electrical resistivity and four seismic refraction soundings were made in the middle reach of the Eagle River valley northeast of Anchorage, Alaska. Interpretation of the geophysical data collected indicated that depth to bedrock below the valley floor varies between about 350 and 450 feet. Two, and perhaps three, major unconsolidated sedimentary layers are inferred to overlie bedrock, although other significant layers may not have been recognizable. No prior subsurface data were available in this area. A resistivity sounding was made also at a site about 7 miles downstream to explore for a buried bedrock channel. The data here indicated that the bedrock surface is about 50 feet above sea level. Hence, the hypothesis of a buried ancient outlet valley of Eagle River at this location gained more credence. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr802000","usgsCitation":"Dearborn, L.L., and Schaefer, D.H., 1981, Surficial geophysical data for two cross-valley lines in the middle Eagle River valley, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-2000, iii, 14 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr802000.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/2000/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85429,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/2000/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68891d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dearborn, Larry L.","contributorId":66687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dearborn","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaefer, Donald H.","contributorId":77507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48684,"text":"ofr81219 - 1981 - Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":48684,"text":"ofr81219 - 1981 - Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska","indexId":"ofr81219","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6407,"text":"pp1235 - 1982 - Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska","indexId":"pp1235","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":6407,"text":"pp1235 - 1982 - Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska","indexId":"pp1235","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T19:13:49.253339","indexId":"ofr81219","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-219","title":"Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Kenai River system is the most important freshwater fishery in Alaska. The flow regime is characterized by high summer flow of glacial meltwater and periodic flooding caused by sudden releases of glacier-dammed lakes in the headwaters. Throughout most of its 50-mile course across the Kenai Peninsula Lowlands to Cook Inlet, the river meanders within coarse bed material with a median diameter typically in the range of 40-60 millimeters. Every nontidal section of the stream is a known or potential salmon-spawning site.
The stream is underfit, a condition attributed to regional glacial recession and hypothesized drainage changes, and locally is entrenched in response to geologically recent changes in base level. The coarseness of the bed material is explained by these characteristics, combined with the reservoir-like effects of two large moraine impounded lakes, Kenai and Skilak Lakes, that formed as lowland glaciers receded. Throughout the central section of the river the channel is effectively armored, a condition that may have important long-term implications for the ability of this section of channel to support the spawning and rearing of salmon.
The 3.8 river miles of channel below Skilak Lake contain submersed, crescentic gravel dunes with lengths in excess of 500 ft and heights of more than 15 ft. Such bed forms are highly unusual in streams with coarse bed material. The dunes were entirely stable from 1950 to at least 1977, so much so that small details of shape were unmodified by a major glacial-outburst flood in 1974. The features are the product of a flood greatly in excess of any recorded discharge.
The entrenched section of the channel has been stable since at least 1950-195, only negligible amounts of bank erosion are indicated by sequential aerial photos. Bank erosion is active both upstream and downstream from the entrenched channel, however, and erosion rates in those reaches are locally comparable to rates in streams of similar size. Although erosion rates have been generally constant since 1950-1951, evidence suggests a possible recent decrease in bank stability and an increase in erosion that could be related to changes in river use.
The high sustained flow of summer encourages a variety of recreation-related modifications to the bank and flood plain--canals, groins, boat ramps, slips, embankments, as well as commercial developments. As population and recreation use increase, development can pose a hazard to the productivity of the stream through increased suspended-sediment concentration resulting directly from construction and, with greater potential for long-term impact, indirectly from bank erosion. A short-term hazard, to both stream and developments is the cutoff of meander loops, the risk of which is increased by canals and boat slips cut in the surface layer of cohesive, erosion-resistant sediment on the flood plain within nonentrenched meander loops. A significant long-term hazard is an increase in bank erosion rates resulting from the loss of stabilizing vegetation on the high (up to 70 ft) cutbanks of entrenched and partially entrenched sections of channel. Potential root causes of erosion vegetation loss are river-use practices, meander cutoffs, and groin construction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81219","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Scott, K.M., 1981, Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-219, vi, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81219.","productDescription":"vi, 116 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408913,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0219/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0219/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.336181640625,\n 59.62332522313024\n ],\n [\n -151.7431640625,\n 59.04620586244391\n ],\n [\n -148.96362304687497,\n 59.87239799228177\n ],\n [\n -147.667236328125,\n 59.65109171169264\n ],\n [\n -147.227783203125,\n 59.99898612060444\n ],\n [\n -149.43603515625,\n 61.554109444927185\n ],\n [\n -150.1611328125,\n 61.601171646037486\n ],\n [\n -151.962890625,\n 60.925093815014655\n ],\n [\n -153.45703125,\n 59.99349233206085\n ],\n [\n -153.336181640625,\n 59.62332522313024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Kevin M.","contributorId":88331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":238017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48683,"text":"ofr81217 - 1981 - Effects of placer mining on hydrologic systems in Alaska; status of knowledge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:44","indexId":"ofr81217","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-217","title":"Effects of placer mining on hydrologic systems in Alaska; status of knowledge","docAbstract":"The report briefly summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding placer mining in Alaska. A review of literature indicates that nearly all of the significant information on the effects of placer mining on the hydrologic system in Alaska is referenced in available reports. The addition of sediment, as well as other indirect changes this generates, appears to be the primary impact of placer mining on Alaskan streams. Other potential water-quality effects that should be considered are: increases in organic loading in the stream system; increases in minor element content; potential for acid drainage; and impacts on fish and other aquatic biota. Existing information is adequate to define parameters that may be affected by placer mining but inadequate to quantify changes resulting from an individual mining operation or to allow the prediction of the magnitude or duration of the impact. Additional studies that would improve the knowledge of the effects of placer mining include: short-term assessments, using available photographic information and existing hydrologic records, to document historical changes and active placer mining features; short-term studies using emperical sediment-transport formulas to estimate the effects of placer mine activities; and river quality assessments of selected basins affected by placer mining. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81217","usgsCitation":"Madison, R.J., 1981, Effects of placer mining on hydrologic systems in Alaska; status of knowledge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-217, iii, 28 p. : ill. ; 29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81217.","productDescription":"iii, 28 p. : ill. ; 29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0217/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85491,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611af6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madison, R. J.","contributorId":84734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madison","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}