{"pageNumber":"4922","pageRowStart":"123025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":47715,"text":"wri854143 - 1986 - Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Valdosta 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T19:46:45.44158","indexId":"wri854143","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4143","title":"Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Valdosta 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854143","usgsCitation":"Thagard, M.E., and Seaber, P.R., 1986, Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Valdosta 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4143, 1 Plate: 38.98 x 22.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854143.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 38.98 x 22.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423518,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36306.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":84624,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4143/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Valdosta quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82,\n              31\n            ],\n            [\n              -84,\n              31\n            ],\n            [\n              -84,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              31\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bf1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thagard, Martha E.","contributorId":68315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thagard","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seaber, Paul R.","contributorId":67492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaber","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015670,"text":"70015670 - 1986 - Origin of late Archean granite: geochemical evidence from the Vermilion Granitic Complex of northern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70015670","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of late Archean granite: geochemical evidence from the Vermilion Granitic Complex of northern Minnesota","docAbstract":"The 2,700-Ma Vermilion Granitic Complex of northern Minnesota is a granite-migmatite terrane composed of supracrustal metasedimentary rocks, mafic rocks, tonalitic and granodioritic plutonic rocks, and granite. The metasedimentary rocks are predominantly graywacke, which has been regionally metamorphosed to garnet-sillimanite-muscovite-bearing biotite schist, and has locally undergone anatexis. The mafic rocks form early phases within the complex and are of two types: (1) basaltic amphibolite, and (2) monzodiorite and essexite rich in large ion lithophile elements (LILE). The members of the early plutonic suite form small bodies that intrude the metasedimentary rocks and mafic rocks, producing an early migmatite. The granite is of two distinct varieties: (1) white garnet-muscovite-biotite leucogranite (S-type; Chappell and White 1974) and (2) grayish-pink biotite-magnetite Lac La Croix Granite (I-type). The leucogranite occurs in the early migmatite and in paragneissic portions of the complex, whereas the Lac La Croix Granite is a late-stage intrusive phase that invades the early migmatite and metasediment (producing a late migmatite) and forms a batholith. This study focuses specifically on the origin of granite in the Vermilion Granitic Complex. Chemical mass-balance calculations suggest that the S-type two-mica leucogranite had a metagraywacke source, and that the I-type Lac La Croix Granite formed via partial fusion of calc-alkaline tonalitic material, which may have been similar to rocks of the early plutonic suite. This model is satisfactory for petrogenesis of similar Late Archean post-kinematic granites throughout the Canadian Shield. ?? 1986 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00389388","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Day, W.C., and Weiblen, P., 1986, Origin of late Archean granite: geochemical evidence from the Vermilion Granitic Complex of northern Minnesota: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 93, no. 3, p. 283-296, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00389388.","startPage":"283","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205394,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389388"},{"id":223616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70dde4b0c8380cd762d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, W. C.","contributorId":6876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiblen, P.W.","contributorId":31884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiblen","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185551,"text":"70185551 - 1986 - Transport of chloride ion in a water-unsaturated soil exhibiting anion exclusion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T12:11:34","indexId":"70185551","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of chloride ion in a water-unsaturated soil exhibiting anion exclusion","docAbstract":"<p><span>Miscible displacement techniques were used to create Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> concentration profiles in unsaturated laboratory columns of Delhi sand (Typic Xeropsamments), each having a nearly uniform water content. The three steady flow rates used resulted in three different, average water contents. Chloride concentrations near the top of the column were smaller and penetration of Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> in the column was deeper than expected assuming that Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> is a noninteracting solute. Such observations indicate the presence of anion exclusion. This interpretation is further substantiated by chloride and tritium breakthrough curves obtained from a saturated column of the same soil. The saturated experiments show that tritium occupies the entire measured pore volume of the column, but that Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> is restricted to a smaller pore volume. The formulation of the conventional convection-dispersion theory for solute transport in soil which includes anion exclusion resulted in model calculations that fitted the unsaturated Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> concentration profiles quite well. The dispersion coefficients obtained for the unsaturated profiles increase with water velocity and are lower than those previously reported for comparable water velocities in the same but saturated soil. The dispersivity of the unsaturated soil is also smaller than that reported for the saturated soil. For the experimental conditions used, the effective Cl</span><sup>-</sup><span> exclusion volume was found to be independent of water content and velocity and occupied about ten percent of the unsaturated water content.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000050010x","usgsCitation":"James, R.V., and Rubin, J., 1986, Transport of chloride ion in a water-unsaturated soil exhibiting anion exclusion: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1142-1149, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000050010x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1142","endPage":"1149","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df18e4b05ec79911d203","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Ronald V.","contributorId":189753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70196014,"text":"70196014 - 1986 - An overview of the state of computing in the earth sciences; Microcomputer applications in geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T14:38:50","indexId":"70196014","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5643,"text":"Computers and Geology","printIssn":"0271-0420","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An overview of the state of computing in the earth sciences; Microcomputer applications in geology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","issn":"0271-0420","usgsCitation":"Botbol, J.M., Hanley, J., and Merriam, D.F., 1986, An overview of the state of computing in the earth sciences; Microcomputer applications in geology: Computers and Geology, v. 5, p. 1-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff3835e4b0da30c1bfd9b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Botbol, Joseph M.","contributorId":19857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botbol","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanley, J.","contributorId":85586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanley","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27169,"text":"wri864180 - 1986 - Long-term water-quality characteristics of Charlotte Harbor, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T18:25:22.645995","indexId":"wri864180","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4180","title":"Long-term water-quality characteristics of Charlotte Harbor, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality data for nine constituents collected from January 1976 through March 1984 in upper Charlotte Harbor were examined for evidence of trend (change) with time. Average seasonal patterns and moving averages were described to aid initial descriptions of variation. Multilinear regression models were developed using independent variables that are known to or that may affect variation of constituent. A nonparametric analysis (Seasonal Kendall test) was used as a different approach to determine trends. These results were generally consistent with the parametric analyses. Evidence suggested an increasing trend for temperature and orthophosphate and a decreasing trend for near-surface dissolved oxygen. The temperature trend was related to low winter temperatures early in the period. The orthophosphate trend was related to a major source, the Peace River. The source of the dissolved oxygen trend was not identified, but a relation with primary producers (phytoplankton) was likely. Evidence of a trend was not found for total phosphate, reactive silica, and organic nitrogen. Trend analysis for chloride appeared complicated by strong serial correlation, and the tentative conclusion was that no trend occurred. Nitrate plus nitrite and ammonia data contained too many values that were less than detection limits, and trend analysis could not be made.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864180","usgsCitation":"Fraser, T.H., 1986, Long-term water-quality characteristics of Charlotte Harbor, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4180, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864180.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4180/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126684,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4180/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415854,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49213.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Charlotte Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82,\n              26.9167\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.25,\n              26.9167\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.25,\n              26.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              26.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              26.9167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63eff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraser, T. H.","contributorId":46130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26539,"text":"wri864126 - 1986 - Geology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida: Lithologic logs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T18:59:32.302668","indexId":"wri864126","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4126","title":"Geology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida: Lithologic logs","docAbstract":"<p>The geologic framework of the surficial aquifer system in Dade County, Florida, was investigated as part of a longterm study by the USGS in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District, to describe the geology, hydrologic characteristics, and groundwater quality of the surficial aquifer system. Thirty-three test wells were drilled completely through the surficial aquifer system and into the underlying, relatively impermeable units of the Tamiami and Hawthorn Formations. Detailed lithologic logs were made from microscopic examination of rock cuttings and cores obtained from these wells. The logs were used to prepare geologic sections that show the lithologic variations, thickness of the lithologic units, and different geologic formations that comprise the aquifers system.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864126","usgsCitation":"Causaras, C., 1986, Geology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida: Lithologic logs: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4126, Report: 240 p.; 3 Plates: 41.81 x 34.84 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864126.","productDescription":"Report: 240 p.; 3 Plates: 41.81 x 34.84 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415587,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36566.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55406,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55405,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4126/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55404,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4126/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55403,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4126/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4126/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Dade County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.87,\n              25.922\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.87,\n              25.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1338,\n              25.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.138,\n              25.922\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.87,\n              25.922\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c769","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Causaras, C. R.","contributorId":66679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causaras","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70168680,"text":"70168680 - 1986 - Earthquakes, March-April 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-23T16:50:12","indexId":"70168680","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, March-April 1986","docAbstract":"<p>There was one major earthquake (7.0-7.9) in Mexico on April 30, during this reporting period. Earthquake-related deaths were reported in India and Peru.</p>\n<p>In the United States, California experienced three widely felt earthquakes.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1986, Earthquakes, March-April 1986: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 6, p. 237-239.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"239","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cd90d4e4b0b1892d9e82c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175234,"text":"70175234 - 1986 - Interannual variability in biochemistry of partially mixed estuaries: Dissolved silicate cycles in northern San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-02T16:28:46","indexId":"70175234","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Interannual variability in biochemistry of partially mixed estuaries: Dissolved silicate cycles in northern San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Much of the interannual variability in partially mixed estuaries in dissolved inorganic nutrient and dissolved oxygen patterns results from an enhancement or reduction of their annual cycle (generally via climatic forcing). In northern San Francisco Bay estuary the annual cycle of dissolved silicate supply peaks in spring and the effect of phytoplankton removal peaks in fall. Because riverine silicate sources are enhanced in wet years and reduced in dry years, the annual silicate cycle is modified accordingly. Effects of phytoplankton removal are reduced and delayed in wet years and enhanced and advanced (seen earlier) in dry years. Similar reasoning can apply to interpreting and understanding other mechanisms and rates.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine variability","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-761890-6.50012-5","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.H., Cayan, D.R., and Festa, J.F., 1986, Interannual variability in biochemistry of partially mixed estuaries: Dissolved silicate cycles in northern San Francisco Bay, chap. <i>of</i> Estuarine variability, p. 123-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-761890-6.50012-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"138","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c430e4b006cb45552c20","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wolfe, Douglas A.","contributorId":111899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644457,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David H.","contributorId":147316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Festa, John F.","contributorId":173382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Festa","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176393,"text":"70176393 - 1986 - Volcano monitoring at the U.S. Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-12T13:30:45","indexId":"70176393","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano monitoring at the U.S. Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","docAbstract":"<p>The island of Hawaii has one of the youngest landscapes on Earth, formed by the frequent addition of new lava to its surface. Because Hawaiian eruptions are generally nonexplosive and easily accessible, the island has long attracted geologists interested in studying the extraordinary power of volcanic eruption. The U.S. Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), now nearing its 75th anniversary, has been in the forefront of volcanology since the early 1900s. This issue of &lt;i&gt;Earthquakes and Volcanoes&lt;/i&gt; is devoted to the work of the Observatory and its role in studying the most recent eruptions of Hawaii's two currently active volcanoes, Kilauea and Mauna Loa.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1986, Volcano monitoring at the U.S. Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 1, p. 4-69.","productDescription":"66 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"69","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":328515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d7d1cae4b090824ff98e73"}
,{"id":70030614,"text":"70030614 - 1986 - Geology and tin-greisen mineralization of the Akash granite, northern Arabian Shield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-27T01:27:40.488556","indexId":"70030614","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2147,"text":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and tin-greisen mineralization of the Akash granite, northern Arabian Shield","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id8\"><p>The western margin of the postorogenic Akash granite, 30 km E of Ha'il in the northern Arabian Shield, is greisenized and contains anomalous concentrations of Sn. The pluton intrudes metamorphic and intrusive rocks, and crops out as a 10 by 15 km elliptical body with its long axis oriented N. It consists predominantly of metaluminous alkali-feldspar granite or syenogranite, with accessory biotite and muscovite, and traces of fluorite. Greisenization extends discontinuously in a zone at least 3 km long parallel to the western contact, and along E-trending hematitic quartz veins for more than 2 km from the contact. The veins occupy fractures that were probably conduits for ascending mineralizing fluids. Within about 20 m of the contact, they are enclosed in quartz—white mica greisen containing hematite, fluorite, and locally, topaz and cassiterite. Composite chip samples from the greisenized zone have an average Sn content of 710 ppm, and a maximum of 1600 ppm. Anomalous values for Zn, Fe, Mn, Mo, Bi and Cu also occur, but none of the samples contain detectable W. Three samples of hematitic quartz averaged 126 ppm Sn, and one contained 200 ppm W.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0899-5362(86)80082-3","issn":"08995","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, K., and Smith, C.W., 1986, Geology and tin-greisen mineralization of the Akash granite, northern Arabian Shield: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 4, no. C, p. 205-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(86)80082-3.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239565,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2443e4b0c8380cd57f2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, K.S.","contributorId":99145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, C. W.","contributorId":57457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030323,"text":"70030323 - 1986 - Jabal Silsilah tin prospect, Najd region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-27T01:31:09.0785","indexId":"70030323","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2147,"text":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Jabal Silsilah tin prospect, Najd region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id7\"><p>A significant Sn deposit at Jabal Silsilah (26°07′N, 42°41′E), a prominent ring complex in the NE Arabian Shield, is associated with greisen in flat-topped cupolas of a highly evolved, zinnwaldite- and topaz-bearing alkali-feldspar granite. This granite is peraluminous, enriched in incompatible trace elements and characterized by a chondrite-normalized REE profile showing a large negative Eu anomaly, but otherwise flat. It is overlain by a carapace of aplite and pegmatite, beneath which accumulated residual fluids caused greisenization and deposition of disseminated cassiterite. Quartz—wolframite veins cut both granite and carapace.</p><p>The other components of the Silsilah complex, from oldest to youngest, are: alkaline dacite, peralkaline granite and hypabyssal rocks. Their occurrence in a single ring structure and geochemical affinities indicate that they comprise a differentiation series. Fractionation of sodic plagioclase, apatite and Fe and Ti oxides resulted in parental alkaline dacite magma becoming peralkaline and granitic. Subsequent fractionation of alkali feldspar, soda pyribole and zircon resulted in a peraluminous melt enriched in incompatible trace elements.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0899-5362(86)80085-9","issn":"08995","usgsCitation":"Bray, D., 1986, Jabal Silsilah tin prospect, Najd region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 4, no. C, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(86)80085-9.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239404,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fdbe4b0c8380cd64897","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bray, du","contributorId":28749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"du","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030322,"text":"70030322 - 1986 - Guidelines to classification and nomenclature of Arabian felsic plutonic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-27T01:32:04.116731","indexId":"70030322","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2147,"text":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Guidelines to classification and nomenclature of Arabian felsic plutonic rocks","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id9\"><p>Well-defined procedures for classifying the felsic plutonic rocks of the Arabian Shield on the basis of petrographic, chemical and lithostratigraphic criteria and mineral-resource potential have been adopted and developed in the Saudi Arabian Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources over the past decade. A number of problems with conventional classification schemes have been identified and resolved; others, notably those arising from difficulties in identifying precise mineral compositions, continue to present difficulties.</p><p>The petrographic nomenclature used is essentially that recommended by the International Union of Geological Sciences. Problems that have arisen include the definition of: (1) rocks with sodic, zoned or perthitic feldspar, (2) trondhjemites, and (3) alkali granites. Chemical classification has been largely based on relative molar amounts of alumina, lime and alkalis, and the use of conventional variation diagrams, but pilot studies utilizing univariate and multivariate statistical techniques have been made. The classification used in Saudi Arabia for stratigraphic purposes is a hierarchy of formation-rank units, suites and super-suites as defined in the Saudi Arabian stratigraphic code. For genetic and petrological studies, a grouping as ‘associations’ of similar and genetically related lithologies is commonly used. In order to indicate mineral-resource potential, the felsic plutons are classed as common, precursor, specialized or mineralized, in order of increasing exploration significance.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0899-5362(86)80065-3","issn":"08995","usgsCitation":"Ramsay, C., Stoeser, D.B., and Drysdall, A., 1986, Guidelines to classification and nomenclature of Arabian felsic plutonic rocks: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 4, no. C, p. 13-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(86)80065-3.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e50e4b0c8380cd5c43d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsay, C.R.","contributorId":64890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsay","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoeser, D. B.","contributorId":18735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drysdall, A.R.","contributorId":96085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drysdall","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001319,"text":"1001319 - 1986 - Feeding ecology of sandhill cranes during spring migration in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:08:42","indexId":"1001319","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding ecology of sandhill cranes during spring migration in Nebraska","docAbstract":"We studied the food habits of midcontinent sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) during spring 1978 and 1979 at their primary staging area along the Platte River and compared population food and foraging habitat requirements with availability. Crane diets varied among the 3 principal foraging habitats, but not between sexes, ages, or years. Cranes feeding in cornfields ate >99% corn (total dry wt); those feeding in native grasslands and alfalfa fields consumed 79-99% invertebrates. The composite diet of cranes was 97% corn and 3% invertebrates, including 2% earthworms, 0.5% snails, and 0.5% insects. Presumably, corn provided energy, whereas invertebrates from grasslands and alfalfa fields provided supplemental nutrients to compensate for protein and calcium deficiencies in corn. The mean density of waste corn decreased (P < 0.05) from 399 kg/ha in November, to 205 kg/ha in early March, to 128 kg/ha after departure of the cranes. Simulations of population energetics indicated that 450,000-550,000 cranes would consume 20-25% of the waste corn available in the Platte River Valley during spring. Corn availability is unlikely to affect crane use of staging areas unless cropping practices or fall tillage reduce the acreage of harvested cornfields by >50%. Management by burning, haying, and grazing is compatible with crane use of grasslands, and reduced-till farming could benefit cranes by increasing invertebrate populations.","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3801490","usgsCitation":"Reinecke, K.J., and Krapu, G., 1986, Feeding ecology of sandhill cranes during spring migration in Nebraska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 1, p. 71-79, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801490.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"79","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486862,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3801490","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015528,"text":"70015528 - 1986 - Mass balance and sliding velocity of the Puget lobe of the cordilleran ice sheet during the last glaciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T11:18:46","indexId":"70015528","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass balance and sliding velocity of the Puget lobe of the cordilleran ice sheet during the last glaciation","docAbstract":"An estimate of the sliding velocity and basal meltwater discharge of the Puget lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet can be calculated from its reconstructed extent, altitude, and mass balance. Lobe dimensions and surface altitudes are inferred from ice limits and flow-direction indicators. Net annual mass balance and total ablation are calculated from relations empirically derived from modern maritime glaciers. An equilibrium-line altitude between 1200 and 1250 m is calculated for the maximum glacial advance (ca. 15,000 yr B.P.) during the Vashon Stade of the Fraser Glaciation. This estimate is in accord with geologic data and is insensitive to plausible variability in the parameters used in the reconstruction. Resultant sliding velocities are as much as 650 m/a at the equilibrium line, decreasing both up- and downglacier. Such velocities for an ice sheet of this size are consistent with nonsurging behavior. Average meltwater discharge increases monotonically downglacier to 3000 m3/sec at the terminus and is of a comparable magnitude to ice discharge over much of the glacier's ablation area. Palcoclimatic inferences derived from this reconstruction are consistent with previous, independently derived studies of late Pleistocene temperature and precipitation in the Pacific Northwest. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(86)90001-3","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Booth, D.B., 1986, Mass balance and sliding velocity of the Puget lobe of the cordilleran ice sheet during the last glaciation: Quaternary Research, v. 25, no. 3, p. 269-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90001-3.","startPage":"269","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266540,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90001-3"},{"id":223773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5245e4b0c8380cd6c2bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booth, D. B.","contributorId":42223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001443,"text":"1001443 - 1986 - Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-07T15:44:30.17188","indexId":"1001443","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Seasonal survival of 109 adult female mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) fitted with radio transmitters was evaluated in northcentral Minnesota during 1968-74. Survival rates for the 169-day breeding and postbreeding period were: 1.0 during nest initiation (36 days), 0.798 during incubation (28 days), 0.943 during brood rearing (51 days), 0.947 during molt (26 days), and 1.0 during premigration (28 days). Survival for the 169-day spring-summer period was 0.713 for adult females remaining on the study area. Fall-winter survival was estimated at 0.881 for those adult birds remaining on the study area throughout the summer. The data confirm speculation on relative risk to females of various phases of the mallard reproductive cycle and support previous conclusions that the northcentral Minnesota breeding mallard population is not self sustaining. The value of learning further details of processes affecting specific seasonal mortality factors for both adult and young waterfowl is emphasized.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801485","usgsCitation":"Kirby, R., and Cowardin, L.M., 1986, Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 1, p. 38-43, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801485.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Chippewa National Forest, northcentral Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.43855212948581,\n              47.97945086109905\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.43855212948581,\n              47.31104204205181\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.03404030322343,\n              47.31104204205181\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.03404030322343,\n              47.97945086109905\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.43855212948581,\n              47.97945086109905\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, Ronald E.","contributorId":117972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Ronald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowardin, Lewis M.","contributorId":34574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186159,"text":"70186159 - 1986 - Digital image measurement of the area and anatomical structure of tree rings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:29:26","indexId":"70186159","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1167,"text":"Canadian Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital image measurement of the area and anatomical structure of tree rings","docAbstract":"<p><span>A microcomputer coupled to a video digitizer was used to develop methods for measuring areas of tree rings and for delineating and measuring microscopic anatomical features. Digitally imaged areas of individual rings of a loblolly pine cross section were within 2.6% of areas measured with a planimeter and were more accurate than areas calculated from radius widths. Various anatomical features were \"mapped\" within digitized images of consecutive rings, individual rings, and highly magnified parts of the rings of green ash. Fibers within various ring zones, including those known to have formed when trees were flooded, were readily differentiated on the basis of image brightness. The image-determined ratio of lumen to wall material within different groups of fibers was considered a measure of structural comparability. These techniques thus provide a rapid, accurate method to study relationships between tree rings and factors affecting their development. Methods could be improved by increasing both spatial and brightness resolution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/b86-382","usgsCitation":"Yanosky, T.M., and Robinove, C.J., 1986, Digital image measurement of the area and anatomical structure of tree rings: Canadian Journal of Botany, v. 64, no. 12, p. 2896-2902, https://doi.org/10.1139/b86-382.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"2896","endPage":"2902","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1953e4b02ff32c699ccd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yanosky, Thomas M.","contributorId":40589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanosky","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinove, Charles J.","contributorId":16983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinove","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001567,"text":"1001567 - 1986 - Patterns and causes of change in a cliff swallow colony during a 17-year period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T09:27:45","indexId":"1001567","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns and causes of change in a cliff swallow colony during a 17-year period","docAbstract":"The number of cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonata) nests at a farmstead in southeastern North Dakota increased at an average annual rate of 87% with house sparrow (Passer domesticus) removal during 1957-60 and 1970-72. Harassment of nesting cliff swallows by house sparrows, adult swallow mortality from cold weather in late May, and collapse of nests were the principal observed factors limiting swallow population growth during a 17-year period.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., 1986, Patterns and causes of change in a cliff swallow colony during a 17-year period: Prairie Naturalist, v. 18, no. 2, p. 109-114.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Dickey","otherGeospatial":"Dickey County, southeastern North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.009,46.2814],[-98.0095,45.9355],[-98.164,45.9356],[-98.1849,45.9355],[-98.3472,45.9355],[-98.3537,45.9355],[-98.7267,45.9373],[-98.7273,45.9373],[-99.0021,45.9393],[-99.0054,45.9393],[-99.0073,46.0262],[-99.0061,46.1132],[-99.0054,46.2002],[-99.0049,46.2822],[-98.9154,46.2821],[-98.7878,46.2805],[-98.755,46.281],[-98.6622,46.2812],[-98.5359,46.2817],[-98.5024,46.2808],[-98.2859,46.2816],[-98.2524,46.2815],[-98.1616,46.2818],[-98.1314,46.2813],[-98.0366,46.2809],[-98.009,46.2814]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dickey\",\"state\":\"ND\"}}]}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015706,"text":"70015706 - 1986 - Tectonic significance of precambrian apatite fission-track ages from the midcontinent United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:29:54.748798","indexId":"70015706","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic significance of precambrian apatite fission-track ages from the midcontinent United States","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Apparent apatite fission-track ages from drill core penetrating basement on the flank of the Transcontinental Arch in northwestern Iowa range from 934 ± 86 to 641 ± 90 Ma. These ages, the oldest reported in North America, record at least two thermal events. The 934 Ma age, which is synchronous with K-Ar ages in the Grenville Province and many K-Ar whole-rock and Rb-Sr isochron ages from the Lake Superior region, may document basement cooling caused by regional uplift and erosion of the crust. The remaining fission-track ages are products of a more recent thermal event, relative to the age of the samples, which raised temperatures into the zone of partial annealing. Heating may have occurred between the Middle Ordovician and Middle Cretaceous by burial of the basement with additional sediment. It is estimated that burial raised temperatures in the part of the basement sampled by the core to between 50 and 75°C. These temperature estimates imply paleogeothermal gradients of about 20°C/km, approximately two and one-half times present-day values, and burial of the basement by an additional 2–3 km of sediment.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(86)90189-5","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Crowley, K., Naeser, C.W., and Babel, C., 1986, Tectonic significance of precambrian apatite fission-track ages from the midcontinent United States: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 79, no. 3-4, p. 329-336, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(86)90189-5.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba47de4b08c986b320395","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowley, K.D.","contributorId":86769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Babel, C.A.","contributorId":63539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babel","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186156,"text":"70186156 - 1986 - Influence of irrigation on salinity and nitrate in a stream-aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-10T00:23:04.002979","indexId":"70186156","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Influence of irrigation on salinity and nitrate in a stream-aquifer system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Changes in salinity and nitrate concentration in groundwater and surface water in the semiarid Arkansas River valley of southeastern Colorado, USA were related primarily to irrigation practices. Water is applied to fields by flood irrigation through ditches and furrows. Irrigation water is derived in nearly equal amounts from surface water and groundwater pumped from the shallow alluvial aquifer.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conjunctive water use: understanding and managing surfacewater-groundwater interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2nd Scientific Assembly of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences","conferenceDate":"July 1986","conferenceLocation":"Budapest, Hungary","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Person, M., 1986, Influence of irrigation on salinity and nitrate in a stream-aquifer system, <i>in</i> Conjunctive water use: understanding and managing surfacewater-groundwater interactions, v. 156, Budapest, Hungary, July 1986, p. 217-229.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"229","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338782,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1954e4b02ff32c699cd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Person, M.A.","contributorId":91108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030581,"text":"70030581 - 1986 - Introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-27T01:29:22.559719","indexId":"70030581","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2147,"text":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id9\"><p>Felsic plutonic rocks ranging from dioritic to granitic in composition and from 900 to 550 Ma in age are a major component of the Arabian Shield. These rocks and the potential for associated mineralization have been extensively investigated by the Saudi Arabian Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources during the past decade in particular. This volume describes the multidisciplinary approach which has been developed, and summarizes results. The classification, distribution, petrology, mineralogy and structure of the felsic plutonic rocks, petrogenetic and metallogenetic concepts and representative examples of mineralization are described. It is concluded that the potential for additional mineral resources is substantial.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0899-5362(86)80064-1","issn":"08995","usgsCitation":"Drysdall, A., Ramsay, C., and Stoeser, D.B., 1986, Introduction: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 4, no. C, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(86)80064-1.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ddfe4b0c8380cd638e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drysdall, A.R.","contributorId":96085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drysdall","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsay, C.R.","contributorId":64890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsay","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoeser, D. B.","contributorId":18735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186158,"text":"70186158 - 1986 - Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:34:09","indexId":"70186158","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5355,"text":"Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water budget and isotopic analyses of water in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system confirm that most, if not all, of the water is local meteoric in origin. Solute mass-balance arguments suggest that ∼5 × 10</span><sup>9</sup><span> moles of calcite and 2.6 × 10</span><sup>9</sup><span> moles of silica are precipitated annually in the aquifer. Isotopic evaluations of calcite and petrographic observation of silica support the low-temperature origin of these deposits. Approximately 2.8 × 10</span><sup>9</sup><span> moles of chloride, 4.5 × 10</span><sup>9</sup><span> moles of sodium, 1.4 × 10</span><sup>9</sup><span> moles of sulfate, and 2 × 10</span><sup>9</sup><span> moles of magnesium are removed annually from the aquifer framework by solution. Proposed weathering reactions are shown to be consistent with mass balance, carbon isotopes, observed mineralogy, and chemical thermodynamics. Large quantities of sodium, chloride, and sulfate are being removed from the system relative to their abundances in the rock. Sedimentary interbeds, which are estimated to compose &lt;10% of the aquifer volume, may yield as much as 20% of the solutes generated within the aquifer. Weathering rate of the aquifer framework of the eastern Snake River Plain is 14 (Mg/km</span><sup>2</sup><span>)/yr or less than half the average of the North American continent. This contrasts with the rate for the eastern Snake River basin, 34 (Mg/km</span><sup>2</sup><span>)/yr, which is almost identical to the average for the North American continent. Identification and quantification of reactions controlling solute concentrations in ground water in the eastern plain indicate that the aquifer is not an “inert bathtub” that simply stores and transmits water and solutes but is undergoing active diagenesis and is both a source and sink for solutes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1456:AGADIT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., and Low, W.H., 1986, Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho: Bulletin, v. 97, no. 12, p. 1456-1466, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1456:AGADIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"1456","endPage":"1466","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.45507812500001,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.830078125,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.830078125,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.45507812500001,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.45507812500001,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1953e4b02ff32c699ccf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Low, Walton H.","contributorId":92672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Walton","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015698,"text":"70015698 - 1986 - Improved method for correlating late Pleistocene/Holocene records from the Bering Sea: Application of a biosiliceous/geochemical stratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-25T15:36:53.668883","indexId":"70015698","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1369,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved method for correlating late Pleistocene/Holocene records from the Bering Sea: Application of a biosiliceous/geochemical stratigraphy","docAbstract":"<p>The combination of high-resolution siliceous biostratigraphy and radiocarbon dating provides a mechanism for detailed assessment of the depositional history in late Pleistocene sediments from the Bering Sea where average accumulation rates are uncharacteristically high compared to rates calculated for most other ocean basins. Vital to the development of this stratigraphy was the recognition that the abundance pattern of the radiolarian species<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Cycladophora davisiana</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in Bering Sea cores is quite similar to this species' previously correlated abundance curve in a late Pleistocene/Holocene record from the northwest Pacific.</p><p>Comparison of this high-resolution stratigraphy with other recently developed floral and lithologic stratigraphies for late Pleistocene Bering Sea sediments shows that the various stratigraphies do not always yield identical results when applied to a particular sediment sequence. With this new stratigraphy based upon a combination of siliceous microfaunal abundance patterns and radiocarbon dating, one can identify reworking, discontinuities and other interruptions in the depositional sequence more precisely than with previously devised stratigraphies, thereby improving the correlation techniques for comparison of late Pleistocene/Holocene records from this marginal sea.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(86)90020-8","usgsCitation":"Morley, J., and Robinson, S., 1986, Improved method for correlating late Pleistocene/Holocene records from the Bering Sea: Application of a biosiliceous/geochemical stratigraphy: Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 33, no. 9, p. 1203-1211, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(86)90020-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1203","endPage":"1211","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              179.89471800680292,\n              61.00803239171765\n            ],\n            [\n              167.53646605889793,\n              60.04109057086902\n            ],\n            [\n              164.86589962533395,\n              55.877336989592635\n            ],\n            [\n              150,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              175.71426956951274,\n              46.111089686937845\n            ],\n            [\n              179.28366382390857,\n              53.31108887748721\n            ],\n            [\n              179.89471800680292,\n              61.00803239171765\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              64.23665065262034\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -160,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -160,\n              64.23665065262034\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              64.23665065262034\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a395ae4b0c8380cd618bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morley, J. J.","contributorId":14956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morley","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Stephen","contributorId":220277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014519,"text":"70014519 - 1986 - New method for the measurement of osmium isotopes applied to a New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014519","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New method for the measurement of osmium isotopes applied to a New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary shale","docAbstract":"The determination of osmium content and isotopic abundances in geological materials has received increasing attention in recent years following the proposal of Alvarez et al.1 that mass extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous period were caused by the impact of a large (???10km) meteorite which left anomalously high iridium levels as a geochemical signature in the boundary shales. Here we report a new and simple method for measuring osmium in geological materials, involving fusion of the sample with sodium peroxide, distillation of the osmium as the tetroxide using perchloric acid, extraction into chloroform, and absorption of the chloroform extract onto graphite powder before instrumental neutron activation analysis. In a variant of this technique, the chloroform extract is back-extracted into an aqueous phase and the osmium isotopes are determined by plasma-source mass spectrometry (ICPMS). We have used this method on the Woodside Creek (New Zealand) Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary clay and have obtained the first osmium content (6g ng g-1) for this material. The 187Os/186Os ratio is 1.12??0.16, showing a typical non-crustal signature. This combined distillation-extraction- ICPMS method will prove to be useful for measuring osmium isotopes in other geological materials. ?? 1986 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/322816a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Lichte, F., Wilson, S., Brooks, R., Reeves, R., Holzbecher, J., and Ryan, D., 1986, New method for the measurement of osmium isotopes applied to a New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary shale: Nature, v. 322, no. 6082, p. 816-817, https://doi.org/10.1038/322816a0.","startPage":"816","endPage":"817","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205649,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/322816a0"},{"id":225710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"322","issue":"6082","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65eae4b0c8380cd72ca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lichte, F.E.","contributorId":99108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, S.M.","contributorId":52731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, R.R.","contributorId":71324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reeves, R.D.","contributorId":95043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holzbecher, J.","contributorId":99305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzbecher","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryan, D.E.","contributorId":68472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1013963,"text":"1013963 - 1986 - You asked for it! Present status of fish farmers in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:30","indexId":"1013963","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":855,"text":"Aquaculture Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"You asked for it! Present status of fish farmers in Arkansas","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"86-088/FF","usgsCitation":"Collins, C., 1986, You asked for it! Present status of fish farmers in Arkansas: Aquaculture Magazine, v. 12, no. 3, p. 50-52.","productDescription":"p. 50-52","startPage":"50","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5dd8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, C.","contributorId":12415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1016611,"text":"1016611 - 1986 - [Book review] The encyclopedia of birds, by Christopher M. Perrins and Alex L. A. Middleton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T12:57:03","indexId":"1016611","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] The encyclopedia of birds, by Christopher M. Perrins and Alex L. A. Middleton","docAbstract":"Review of: The Encyclopedia of birds. Perrins, Christopher M.; Middleton, Alex L.A. New York, Facts on File, 1985. 463 p., illus. ISBN: 0-8160-1150-8.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"South Dakota State University","publisherLocation":"Brookings, SD","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1986, [Book review] The encyclopedia of birds, by Christopher M. Perrins and Alex L. A. Middleton: Prairie Naturalist, v. 18.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634f2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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