Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) infects juvenile salmonid fish in conservation hatcheries and aquaculture facilities, and in some cases, causes lethal disease. This study assesses intra-specific variation in the IHNV susceptibility of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Columbia River Basin (CRB), in the northwestern United States. The virulence and infectivity of IHNV strains from three divergent virus genogroups are measured in four Chinook salmon populations, including spring-run and fall-run fish from the lower or upper regions of the CRB. Following controlled laboratory exposures, our results show that the positive control L strain had significantly higher virulence, and the UC and MD strains that predominate in the CRB had equivalently low virulence, consistent with field observations. By several experimental measures, there was little variation in host susceptibility to infection or disease. However, a small number of exceptions suggested that the lower CRB spring-run Chinook salmon population may be less susceptible than other populations tested. The UC and MD viruses did not differ in infectivity, indicating that the observed asymmetric field prevalence in which IHNV detected in CRB Chinook salmon is 83% UC and 17% MD is not due to the UC virus being more infectious. Overall, we report little intra-species variation in CRB Chinook salmon susceptibility to UC or MD IHNV infection or disease, and suggest that other factors may instead influence the ecology of IHNV in the CRB.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/v13040701","usgsCitation":"Hernandez, D.G., Brown, W.E., Naish, K.A., and Kurath, G., 2021, Virulence and infectivity of UC, MD and L strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in four populations of Columbia River Basin Chinook salmon: Viruses, v. 13, no. 4, 701, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/v13040701.","productDescription":"701, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127662","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v13040701","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.6513671875,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -114.7412109375,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -114.7412109375,\n 53.30462107510271\n ],\n [\n -122.6513671875,\n 53.30462107510271\n ],\n [\n -122.6513671875,\n 44.02442151965934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hernandez, Daniel G.","contributorId":257868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hernandez","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":52147,"text":"University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, William E. 0000-0003-1595-9655","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1595-9655","contributorId":245082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naish, Kerry A. 0000-0002-3275-8778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3275-8778","contributorId":201136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naish","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":220175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70221858,"text":"70221858 - 2021 - Evaluating lower computational burden approaches for calibration of large environmental models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-16T15:29:25.457376","indexId":"70221858","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-18T08:52:22","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating lower computational burden approaches for calibration of large environmental models","docAbstract":"Realistic environmental models used for decision making typically require a highly parameterized approach. Calibration of such models is computationally intensive because widely used parameter estimation approaches require individual forward runs for each parameter adjusted. These runs construct a parameter-to-observation sensitivity, or Jacobian, matrix used to develop candidate parameter upgrades. Parameter estimation algorithms are also commonly adversely affected by numerical noise in the calculated sensitivities within the Jacobian matrix, which can result in unnecessary parameter estimation iterations and less model-to-measurement fit. Ideally, approaches to reduce the computational burden of parameter estimation will also increase the signal-to-noise ratio related to observations influential to the parameter estimation even as the number of forward runs decrease. In this work a simultaneous increments, an iterative ensemble smoother (IES), and a randomized Jacobian approach were compared to a traditional approach that uses a full Jacobian matrix. All approaches were applied to the same model developed for decision making in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, USA. Both the IES and randomized Jacobian approach achieved a desirable fit and similar parameter fields in many fewer forward runs than the traditional approach; in both cases the fit was obtained in fewer runs than the number of adjustable parameters. The simultaneous increments approach did not perform as well as the other methods due to inability to overcome suboptimal dropping of parameter sensitivities. This work indicates that use of highly efficient algorithms can greatly speed parameter estimation, which in turn increases calibration vetting and utility of realistic models used for decision making.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Publishing","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13106","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R., White, J., Duncan, L.L., Haugh, C., and Doherty, J.E., 2021, Evaluating lower computational burden approaches for calibration of large environmental models: Groundwater, v. 59, no. 6, p. 788-798, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13106.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"788","endPage":"798","ipdsId":"IP-126431","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452645,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13106","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AR7Y02","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT models and calibration files for the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, USA"},{"id":387106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Embayment regional aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -87.275390625,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -87.275390625,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 32.69486597787505\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":208800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":819023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Jeremy T. 0000-0002-4950-1469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-1469","contributorId":248830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","affiliations":[{"id":50032,"text":"GNS New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duncan, Leslie L. 0000-0002-5938-5721","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5938-5721","contributorId":204004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haugh, Connor J. 0000-0002-5204-8271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-8271","contributorId":219945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugh","given":"Connor J.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70220296,"text":"70220296 - 2021 - The seismo-acoustics of submarine volcanic eruptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-30T12:03:05.512782","indexId":"70220296","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-18T06:59:32","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The seismo-acoustics of submarine volcanic eruptions","docAbstract":"Many of the world’s volcanoes are hidden beneath the ocean’s surface where eruptions are difficult to observe. However, seismo‐acoustic signals produced by these eruptions provide a useful means of identifying active submarine volcanism. A literature survey revealed reports of 119 seismo‐acoustically recorded submarine eruptions since 1939. Submarine eruptions have been recorded in all major tectonic settings, with a range of geochemistries, and at a variety of water depths, but the reports are dominated by eruptions in the Pacific and at only a few locations. Many of the reports offer little detail, with over half of the observations made from distances >500 km, and only about half were confirmed as eruptions by non‐seismo‐acoustic evidence. The reported seismo‐acoustic signals cover a wide variety of processes, including earthquakes, explosions, various types of tremor, signals related to lava extrusion, and landslides. Recorded signals can sometimes be difficult to classify or confidently associate with an eruption, although there has been progress in this regard. Real‐time monitoring of submarine eruptions has been on‐going for several decades on regional and global scales with growing interest and effort in local networks. Real‐time networks are complemented by short‐term instrument deployments that often give more detailed insights into the dynamics and processes of submarine eruptions. Thorough seismo‐acoustic monitoring and study has increased our understanding of submarine eruptions, especially of deep‐sea volcanoes and spreading centers. Despite this, there are still many outstanding questions that need to be addressed for submarine volcanoes to be as well understood and monitored as their terrestrial counterparts.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020JB020912","usgsCitation":"Tepp, G., and Dziak, R.P., 2021, The seismo-acoustics of submarine volcanic eruptions: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 126, no. 4, e2020JB020912, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020912.","productDescription":"e2020JB020912, 29 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121537","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tepp, Gabrielle 0000-0001-5388-5138","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-5138","contributorId":206305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tepp","given":"Gabrielle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dziak, Robert P. 0000-0001-8775-3416","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-3416","contributorId":257794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dziak","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":52124,"text":"NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220316,"text":"70220316 - 2021 - Long‐term surveys support declines in early‐season forest plants used by bumblebees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T14:08:51.128094","indexId":"70220316","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-18T06:58:09","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long‐term surveys support declines in early‐season forest plants used by bumblebees","docAbstract":"Fish managers must weigh trade-offs among cost, speed, efficiency, and ecological adaptation when deciding how to translocate native salmonids to either establish or genetically augment populations. Remote site incubators (RSIs) appear to be a reasonable strategy, but large-scale evaluations of this method have been limited. We used 129 RSIs to incubate >35,700 eyed embryos of Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi at eight sites within the upper 30 km of the Cherry Creek basin (Madison River, Montana) from 2007 to 2010, after using piscicides to remove all fish. We obtained gametes from 258 parental-pair crosses (164 females and 258 males) from four wild populations and two hatchery broods. All embryos were incubated to the eyed stage in two hatcheries prior to placing them in RSIs. Green-to-eyed egg survivals were higher for progeny of wild-spawned adults (median, 91.0%; 95% CI, 88.7–93.7%) than for progeny of hatchery-spawned adults (median, 81.7%; 95% CI, 74.9–88.4%), and this difference was highly significant (P < 0.01). Over 26,500 fry were counted leaving RSIs. Median embryo-to-fry survival was 75.6% (95% CI, 72.2–79.0%). Fry exited individual RSIs from 8 to 45 d after embryo translocation. Fry survivals differed among years and sites, and year was more important than site in explaining variation in survival. The success of RSI fry introductions was confirmed by annual monitoring of fish abundance, which indicated that abundances of Westslope Cutthroat Trout 5 to 9 years after RSI introductions were equal to or higher than abundances of nonnative salmonids prior to their removal using piscicides.
Archival geolocators have transformed the study of small, migratory organisms but analysis of data from these devices requires bias correction because tags are only recovered from individuals that survive and are re-captured at their tagging location. We show that integrating geolocator recovery data and mark–resight data enables unbiased estimates of both migratory connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding populations and region-specific survival probabilities for wintering locations. Using simulations, we first demonstrate that an integrated Bayesian model returns unbiased estimates of transition probabilities between seasonal ranges. We also used simulations to determine how different sampling designs influence the estimability of transition probabilities. We then parameterized the model with tracking data and mark–resight data from declining Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) populations breeding in the eastern United States, hypothesized to be threatened by the illegal pet trade in parts of their Caribbean, nonbreeding range. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that male buntings wintering in Cuba were 20% less likely to return to the breeding grounds than birds wintering elsewhere in their range. Improving inferences from archival tags through proper data collection and further development of integrated models will advance our understanding of the full annual cycle ecology of migratory species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duab010","usgsCitation":"Rushing, C.S., Van Tatenhove, A.M., Sharp, A., Ruiz-Gutierrez, V., Freeman, M., Sykes, P.W., Given, A.M., and Sillett, T., 2021, Integrating tracking and resight data enables unbiased inferences about migratory connectivity and winter range survival from archival tags: Ornithological Applications, v. 123, no. 2, duab010, https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duab010.","productDescription":"duab010","ipdsId":"IP-118948","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duab010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387261,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rushing, Clark S","contributorId":237020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rushing","given":"Clark","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Tatenhove, Aimee M","contributorId":261211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Tatenhove","given":"Aimee","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, Andrew","contributorId":261213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharp","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruiz-Gutierrez, Viviana","contributorId":261212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruiz-Gutierrez","given":"Viviana","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, Mary 0000-0001-7615-6923 mcfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":3528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"mcfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sykes, Paul W.","contributorId":214917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sykes","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Given, Aaron M.","contributorId":49474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Given","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sillett, T. Scott","contributorId":80788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sillett","given":"T. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70223435,"text":"70223435 - 2021 - Landscape characterization of floral resources for pollinators in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T16:05:22.364676","indexId":"70223435","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-17T10:22:54","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape characterization of floral resources for pollinators in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States","docAbstract":"Across agricultural areas of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), floral resources are primarily found on public grasslands, roadsides, and private grasslands used as pasture or enrolled in federal conservation programs. Little research has characterized the availability of flowers across the region or identified the primary stakeholders managing lands supporting pollinators. We explored spatial and temporal variability in flower abundance and richness across multiple grassland categories (i.e. general grassland, conservation grassland, and engineered pollinator habitat) in the PPR from 2015 to 2018 and used these data to estimate the number of flowering stems present across the region on private and public land holdings. Both flowering plant abundance and richness were greatest on engineered pollinator habitat, but this land category encompassed <0.01% of the total grassland area in the PPR. There was a steady decrease in flower abundance over the growing season across all land categories. We detected considerable variation in flower abundance and richness across grassland categories, indicating that not all natural or semi-natural covers provide similar value to pollinators. At a landscape scale, large land holdings such as privately-owned grasslands and Conservation Reserve Program lands contributed the greatest number of flowers by an order of magnitude, though these lands collectively did not support the greatest abundance of flowers per unit area. Our research depicts spatial and temporal variation in pollinator resources across the region. Further, our research will assist managers and policy makers in understanding the role of public and private lands and conservation programs in supporting pollinators.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10531-021-02177-9","usgsCitation":"Smart, A.H., Otto, C., Gallant, A.L., and Simanonok, M., 2021, Landscape characterization of floral resources for pollinators in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 30, p. 1991-2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02177-9.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1991","endPage":"2015","ipdsId":"IP-123388","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.0625,\n 48.019324184801185\n ],\n [\n -103.02978515625,\n 48.06339653776211\n ],\n [\n -102.76611328125,\n 47.82790816919329\n ],\n [\n -102.45849609375,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -101.689453125,\n 47.47266286861342\n ],\n [\n -100.8984375,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -100.6787109375,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -101.09619140625,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -99.580078125,\n 43.91372326852401\n ],\n [\n -99.60205078124999,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -98.32763671875,\n 42.76314586689492\n ],\n [\n -97.80029296875,\n 42.8115217450979\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -96.3720703125,\n 43.58039085560784\n ],\n [\n -92.30712890625,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -93.75732421875,\n 45.38301927899065\n ],\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -104.08447265624999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 48.019324184801185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smart, Autumn H. 0000-0003-0711-3035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-3035","contributorId":228828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"Autumn","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otto, Clint 0000-0002-7582-3525 cotto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-3525","contributorId":5426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"Clint","email":"cotto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simanonok, Michael P. 0000-0002-4710-4515","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4710-4515","contributorId":229685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simanonok","given":"Michael P.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":822060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220566,"text":"70220566 - 2021 - Pesticides in US Rivers: Regional differences in use, occurrence, and environmental toxicity, 2013 to 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T18:55:17.802352","indexId":"70220566","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-17T07:30:52","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in US Rivers: Regional differences in use, occurrence, and environmental toxicity, 2013 to 2017","docAbstract":"Pesticides pose a threat to the environment, but because of the substantial number of compounds, a comprehensive assessment of pesticides and an evaluation of the risk that they pose to human and aquatic life is challenging. In this study, improved analytical methods were used to quantify 221 pesticide concentrations in surface waters over the time period from 2013 to 2017. Samples were collected from 74 river sites in the conterminous US (CONUS). Potential toxicity was assessed by comparing surface water pesticide concentrations to standard concentrations that are considered to have adverse effects on human health or aquatic organisms. The majority of pesticide use is related to agriculture, and agricultural production varies across the CONUS. Therefore, our results were summarized by region (Northeast, South, Midwest, West and Pacific), with the expectation that crop production differences would drive variability in pesticide use, detection frequency, and benchmark exceedance patterns. Although agricultural pesticide use was at least 2.5 times higher in the Midwest (49 kg km−2) than in any of the other four regions (Northeast, South, West, and Pacific, 3 to 21 kg km−2) and the average number of pesticides detected in the Midwest was at least 1.5 higher (n = 25) than the other four regions (n = 8 to n = 16), the potential toxicity results were more evenly distributed. At least 50% of the sites within each of the 5 regions had at least 1 chronic benchmark exceedance. Imidacloprid posed the greatest potential threat to aquatic life with a total of 245 benchmark exceedances at 60 of the 74 sites. These results show that pesticides persist in the environment beyond the site of application and expected period of use. Continued monitoring and research are needed to improve our understanding of pesticide effects on aquatic and human life.
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sstackpoole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5876-4922","contributorId":3784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackpoole","given":"Sarah","email":"sstackpoole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shoda, Megan E. 0000-0002-5343-9717 meshoda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5343-9717","contributorId":4352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoda","given":"Megan","email":"meshoda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Medalie, Laura 0000-0002-2440-2149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-2149","contributorId":258234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medalie","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228492,"text":"70228492 - 2021 - Range expansion and factors affecting abundance of invasive Flathead Catfish in the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers, Pennsylvania, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-11T19:14:55.784154","indexId":"70228492","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-16T12:56:38","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range expansion and factors affecting abundance of invasive Flathead Catfish in the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers, Pennsylvania, USA","docAbstract":"Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris have been either intentionally or accidentally introduced into Atlantic Slope drainages extending from Florida to Pennsylvania and have quickly become established. In Pennsylvania, Flathead Catfish were first detected in the Schuylkill River at the Fairmont Dam in 1999 and in the Susquehanna River at Safe Harbor Dam in 2002. The species has since moved throughout the respective basins, with subsequent detections during 244 riverine surveys in these drainages. Fishway and electrofishing surveys in the tidal Schuylkill River, a Delaware River tributary, have documented an increase in abundances since 2004, when the surveys were first implemented. Hoop-net surveys in nontidal large-river reaches found mean (±SD) catch rates varying from 0.00 to 4.51 ± 4.38 fish/series. A Bayesian hierarchical Poisson regression model indicated that Flathead Catfish abundance decreased as the distance from the initial point of detection increased, demonstrating a general pattern of fish expansion upstream from the point of detection. The distance downstream of the nearest dam, although not significant, had a relatively high posterior probability of being negatively correlated with Flathead Catfish abundance. Ongoing and future targeted surveys should help to better understand changes in the distribution and abundance of Flathead Catfish in these systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10628","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.D., Massie, D.L., Perillo, J., Wagner, T., and Pierce, D., 2021, Range expansion and factors affecting abundance of invasive Flathead Catfish in the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers, Pennsylvania, USA: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 41, no. S1, p. S205-S220, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10628.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"S205","endPage":"S220","ipdsId":"IP-116902","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River, Juniata River, Lehigh River, Schuylkill River, Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.7774658203125,\n 39.7240885773337\n ],\n [\n -75.73974609375,\n 39.7240885773337\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -74.619140625,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -74.94873046875,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -75.08056640625,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -74.739990234375,\n 41.45919537950706\n ],\n [\n -74.81689453125,\n 41.463311976686235\n ],\n [\n -74.9542236328125,\n 41.50446357504803\n ],\n [\n -75.0311279296875,\n 41.611335399441735\n ],\n [\n -75.0311279296875,\n 41.775408403663285\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 41.87774145109676\n ],\n [\n -75.223388671875,\n 41.89001042401827\n ],\n [\n -75.322265625,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -78.7335205078125,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -78.7774658203125,\n 39.7240885773337\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Geoffrey D.","contributorId":274361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36966,"text":"Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Massie, Danielle L.","contributorId":196717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Massie","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perillo, Joseph","contributorId":275966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perillo","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56915,"text":"Philadelphia Water Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pierce, Daryl","contributorId":276044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierce","given":"Daryl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36966,"text":"Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70219983,"text":"ofr20211033 - 2021 - Connectivity of Mojave Desert tortoise populations—Management implications for maintaining a viable recovery network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T11:44:39.479074","indexId":"ofr20211033","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-16T12:10:46","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1033","displayTitle":"Connectivity of Mojave Desert Tortoise Populations: Management Implications for Maintaining a Viable Recovery Network","title":"Connectivity of Mojave Desert tortoise populations—Management implications for maintaining a viable recovery network","docAbstract":"The historic distribution of Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) was relatively continuous across the range, and the importance of tortoise habitat outside of designated tortoise conservation areas (TCAs) to recovery has long been recognized for its contributions to supporting gene flow between TCAs and to minimizing impacts and edge effects within TCAs. However, connectivity of Mojave desert tortoise populations has become a concern because of recent and proposed development of large tracts of desert tortoise habitat that cross, fragment, and surround designated conservation areas. This paper summarizes the underlying concepts and importance of connectivity for Mojave desert tortoise populations by reviewing current information on connectivity and providing information to managers for maintaining or enhancing desert tortoise population connectivity as they consider future proposals for development and management actions.
Maintaining an ecological network for the Mojave desert tortoise, with a system of core habitats (TCAs) connected by linkages, is necessary to support demographically viable populations and long-term gene flow within and between TCAs. There are four points for wildlife and land-management agencies to consider when making decisions that could affect connectivity of Mojave desert tortoise populations (for example, in updating actions in resource management plans or amendments that could help maintain or restore functional connectivity in light of the latest information):
Each TCA has unique strengths and weaknesses regarding its ability to support minimum sustainable populations based on areal extent and its ability to support population increases based on landscape connection with adjacent populations. Considering how proposed projects (inside or outside of TCAs) affect connectivity and the ability of TCAs to support at least 5,000 adult tortoises (the numerical goal for each TCA) could help managers to maintain the resilience of TCAs to population declines. The same project, in an alternative location, could have very different impacts on local and regional populations. For example, within the habitat matrix surrounding TCAs, narrowly delineated corridors may not allow for natural population dynamics if they do not accommodate overlapping home ranges along most of their widths so that tortoises reside, grow, find mates, and produce offspring that can replace older tortoises. In addition, most habitat outside TCAs may receive more surface disturbance than habitat within TCAs. Therefore, managing the entire remaining matrix of desert tortoise habitat for permeability may be better than delineating fixed corridors. These concepts apply, especially given uncertainty about long-term condition of habitat, within and outside of TCAs under a changing climate.
Ultimately, questions such as “What are the critical linkages that need to be protected?” could be better framed as “How can we manage the remaining habitat matrix in ways that sustain ecological processes and habitat suitability for special status species?” Land-management decisions made in the context of the latter question may be more conducive to maintenance of a functional ecological network.
In California, the Bureau of Land Management established 0.1–1.0 percent caps on new surface-disturbance for TCAs and mapped linkages that address the issues described in number 1 of this list.
Nevada, Utah, and Arizona currently do not have surface-disturbance limits. Limits comparable to those in the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan (DRECP) would be 0.5 percent within TCAs and 1 percent within the linkages modeled by Averill-Murray and others (2013). Limits in some areas of California within the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan, such as Ivanpah Valley, are more restrictive, at 0.1 percent. Continuity across the state line in Nevada could be achieved with comparable limits in the adjacent portion of Ivanpah Valley, as well as the Greater Trout Canyon Translocation Area and the Stump Springs Regional Augmentation Site. These more restrictive limits would help protect remaining habitat in the major interstate connectivity pathway through Ivanpah Valley and focal areas of population augmentation that provide additional population connectivity along the western flank of the Spring Mountains.
In a recent study that analyzed 13 years of desert tortoise monitoring data, nearly all desert tortoise observations were at sites in which 5 percent or less of the surrounding landscape within 1 kilometer was disturbed (Carter and others, 2020a). To help maintain tortoise habitability and permeability across all other non-conservation-designated tortoise habitat, all surface disturbance could be limited to less than 5-percent development per square kilometer because the 5-percent threshold for development is the point at which tortoise occupation drops precipitously (Carter and others, 2020a). However, although individual desert tortoises were observed at development levels up to 5 percent, we do not know the fitness or reproductive characteristics of these individuals. This level of development also may not allow for long-term persistence of healthy populations that are of adequate size needed for demographic or functional connectivity; therefore, a conservative interpretation suggests that, ideally, development could be lower. Lower development levels would be particularly useful in areas within the upper 5th percentile of connectivity values modeled by Gray and others (2019).
Reducing ancillary threats in places where connectivity is restricted to narrow strips of habitat, for example, narrow mountain passes or vegetated strips between solar development, could enhance the functionality of these vulnerable linkages. In such areas, maintaining multiple, redundant linkages could further enhance overall connectivity.
Minimization of mortality from roads and maximization of passage under roads. Roads pose a significant threat to the long-term persistence of local tortoise populations, and roads of high traffic volume lead to severe population declines, which ultimately fragments populations farther away from the roads. Three points (a.–c.) pertain to reducing direct mortality of tortoises on the many paved roads that cross desert tortoise habitat and to maintaining a minimal level of permeability across these roads:
Tortoise-exclusion fencing tied into culverts, underpasses, overpasses, or other passages below roads in desert tortoise habitat, would limit vehicular mortality of tortoises and provide opportunities for movement across the roads. Installation of shade structures on the habitat side of fences installed in areas with narrow population-depletion zones would limit overheating of tortoises that may pace the fence.
Passages below highways could be maintained or retrofitted to ensure safe tortoise access, for example, by filling eroded drop-offs or modifying erosion-control features such as rip-rap to make them safer and more passable for tortoises. Wildlife management agencies could work with transportation departments to develop construction standards that are consistent with hydrologic/erosion management goals, while also incorporating a design and materials consistent with tortoise survival and passage and make the standards widely available. The process would be most effective if the status of passages was regularly monitored and built into management plans.
Healthy tortoise populations along fenced highways could be supported by ensuring that land inside tortoise-exclusion fences is not so degraded that it leads to degradation of tortoise habitat outside the exclusion areas. For example, severe invasive plant infestations inside a highway exclusion could cause an increase of invasive plants outside the exclusion area and degrade habitat; therefore, invasive plants inside road rights of way could be mown or treated with herbicide to limit their spread into adjacent tortoise habitat and minimize the risk of these plants carrying wildfires into adjacent habitat.
Adaptation of management based on new information. Future research will continue to build upon and refine models related to desert tortoise population connectivity and develop new ones. New models could consider landscape levels of development and be constructed such that they share common foundations to support future synthesis efforts. If model development was undertaken in partnership with entities that are responsible for management of desert tortoise habitat, it would facilitate incorporation of current and future modeling results into their land management decisions. There are specific topics that may be clarified with further evaluation:
The effects of climate change on desert tortoise habitat, distribution, and population connectivity;
The effects of large-scale fires, especially within repeatedly burned habitat, on desert tortoise distribution and population connectivity;
The ability of solar energy facilities or similar developments to support tortoise movement and presence by leaving washes intact; leaving native vegetation intact whenever possible, or if not possible, mowing the site, allowing vegetation to re-sprout, and managing weeds; and allowing tortoises to occupy the sites; and
The design and frequency of underpasses necessary to maintain functional demographic and genetic connectivity across linear features, like highways.
Wildlife Program
Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
","usgsCitation":"Averill-Murray, R.C., Esque, T.C., Allison, L.J., Bassett, S., Carter, S.K., Dutcher, K.E., Hromada, S.J., Nussear, K.E., and Shoemaker, K., 2021, Connectivity of Mojave Desert tortoise populations—Management implications for maintaining a viable recovery network: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1033, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211033.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125269","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1033/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":385162,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1033/ofr20211033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":385163,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1033/images"},{"id":385164,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1033/ofr20211033.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.71923828124999,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -113.8623046875,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -112.69775390625,\n 33.50475906922609\n ],\n [\n -111.51123046875,\n 33.284619968887675\n ],\n [\n -111.73095703125,\n 34.10725639663118\n ],\n [\n -111.9287109375,\n 35.51434313431818\n ],\n [\n -113.00537109375,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -114.3896484375,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -115.86181640625001,\n 37.07271048132943\n ],\n [\n -117.42187500000001,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -118.27880859375001,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -117.7734375,\n 35.97800618085566\n ],\n [\n -117.72949218749999,\n 35.44277092585766\n ],\n [\n -118.76220703125001,\n 34.75966612466248\n ],\n [\n -117.99316406249999,\n 34.488447837809304\n ],\n [\n -116.74072265625,\n 34.288991865037524\n ],\n [\n -114.71923828124999,\n 33.669496972795535\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Interactions between climate and hydrogeologic settings contribute to the hydrologic and chemical variability among depressional wetlands, which influences their aquatic communities. These interactions and resulting variability have led to inconsistent results in terms of identifying reliable predictors of aquatic-macroinvertebrate community composition for depressional wetlands. This is especially true in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America where, in addition to pronounced climate variability, studies are often confounded by fish introductions. We used environmental monitoring data collected over a 24-year period from a complex of sixteen depressional wetlands and structural equation modeling techniques that incorporated theoretical and empirical relationships outlined in the Wetland Continuum to identify key environmental (climate and hydrogeologic setting) and biotic (competition and predation) drivers of aquatic-macroinvertebrate community composition for prairie-pothole wetlands. Uplands in the study area were primarily native prairie, thus, embedded wetlands were impacted minimally by agricultural influences. Additionally, study wetlands were predominately fishless. In the absence of the overwhelming influence of fishes, major drivers influencing aquatic-macroinvertebrate communities were revealed through the use of data spanning multidecadal-long climate cycles. We found variables related to the placement of wetlands along axes of the Wetland Continuum, e.g., hydrogeologic setting (relative wetland elevation) and hydroclimatic setting (proportion of wetland ponded), to be influential drivers of within-wetland habitat characteristics, such as the proportion of open-water area, which in turn was the strongest predictor of macroinvertebrate community composition. In contrast, predatory invertebrate and salamander abundance and non-predatory invertebrate biomass (i.e., predation and competition) were found to have minimal influence on community composition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107678","usgsCitation":"McLean, K., Mushet, D.M., Newton, W.E., and Sweetman, J.N., 2021, Long-term multidecadal data from a prairie-pothole wetland complex reveal controls on aquatic-macroinvertebrate communities: Ecological Indicators, v. 126, 107678, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107678.","productDescription":"107678, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-094142","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107678","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Lake Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.70600509643555,\n 47.85014598272475\n ],\n [\n -100.60781478881836,\n 47.85014598272475\n ],\n [\n -100.60781478881836,\n 47.9002325297653\n ],\n [\n -100.70600509643555,\n 47.9002325297653\n ],\n [\n -100.70600509643555,\n 47.85014598272475\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLean, Kyle 0000-0003-3803-0136 kmclean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-0136","contributorId":168533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"Kyle","email":"kmclean@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":248538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sweetman, Jon N.","contributorId":279537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweetman","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":12471,"text":"North Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70222459,"text":"70222459 - 2021 - Stock composition of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) encountered in marine and estuarine environments on the U.S. Atlantic Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-14T16:40:31.75938","indexId":"70222459","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-16T08:54:57","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Stock composition of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) encountered in marine and estuarine environments on the U.S. Atlantic Coast","title":"Stock composition of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) encountered in marine and estuarine environments on the U.S. Atlantic Coast","docAbstract":"Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) is a large, anadromous fish native to the Atlantic Coast of North America. Although this species once supported important fisheries, centuries of exploitation and habitat degradation have resulted in dramatic declines, presumed extirpation in some rivers, and ultimately listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Under the ESA, Atlantic sturgeon are listed as five separate Distinct Population Segments (DPSs), which form the basis for federal management. Despite state and federal protections Atlantic sturgeon still face significant threats to their recovery, including fisheries bycatch mortality, marine construction, dredging, dams, and vessel strikes. However, because subadult and adult Atlantic sturgeon migrate extensively across estuarine and marine environments and frequently form mixed-stock aggregations in non-natal habitats, it can be difficult to determine how these threats impact specific populations and DPSs. To better understand ontogenetic shifts in habitat use and stock-specific exposure to anthropogenic threats, we performed a mixed-stock analysis of 1704 Atlantic sturgeon encountered across the U.S. Atlantic Coast. Collections made north of Cape Cod, MA and south of Cape Hatteras, NC were dominated by individuals from regional stocks; however, we found extensive stock mixing in the mid-Atlantic region, particularly in coastal environments where individuals from all five DPSs were commonly observed. Subadults and adults that were encountered in offshore environments had moved, on average, 277 km from their natal source; however, 23% were sampled over 500 km from their natal river suggesting long-distance movements are relatively common in these age classes. Overall, our work highlights that Atlantic sturgeon populations are vulnerable to threats over vast areas and emphasizes the need for continued genetic monitoring to track recovery progress.
Lahontan Cutthroat Trout (LCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi have experienced some of the most marked reductions in abundance and distribution among Cutthroat Trout subspecies. The population of LCT in Pyramid Lake, Nevada has returned from the brink of extirpation, and although it is highly managed via stocking, the population is thriving and has recently started to reproduce naturally. Our objectives were to determine (1) whether predator and prey remain tightly coupled, (2) whether LCT are food limited, and (3) the status of the LCT population with regard to the potential prey-based contemporary carrying capacity. We used a multifaceted approach, including intensive field sampling of fish, bioenergetics modeling, cohort reconstruction, and comparisons of prey availability to consumption. We estimated that the average population of LCT in Pyramid Lake is 1.2 million, average annual stocking is 650,000, and the number of fish angled ranges from 5,000 to 14,000 per year, with a 90% release rate. Driven by seasonal and size variation in consumption, individual annual consumption by LCT varied from 667 to 992 g/year for small LCT (200–400 mm TL) and from 2,388 to 3,057 g/year for large LCT (>400 mm TL). Lahontan Cutthroat Trout are consuming, on average, 14–63% of the standing crop of Tui Chub Siphateles bicolor annually, indicating that LCT are currently not exceeding their prey-based carrying capacity. The LCT in Pyramid Lake remain tightly coupled to their primary native prey, Tui Chub, despite considerable changes to the ecosystem; therefore, managing for a robust population of LCT translates largely to managing for forage fish. This supply-versus-demand issue is of particular concern for Pyramid Lake given that the density of Tui Chub may be declining concordant with declining lake elevation. Given the conservation importance of this LCT population, careful monitoring is critical; however, “predation inertia” indicates that effective short-term management in response to fluctuations in forage fishes is likely possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10291","usgsCitation":"Budy, P., Heredia, N.A., Thiede, G.P., and Horgen, E., 2021, Exploring the contemporary relationship between predator and prey in a significant, reintroduced Lahontan Cutthroat Trout population: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 150, no. 3, p. 291-306, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10291.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"306","ipdsId":"IP-119395","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pyramid Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.7344970703125,\n 39.85072092501597\n ],\n [\n -119.36920166015624,\n 39.85072092501597\n ],\n [\n -119.36920166015624,\n 40.22082997283287\n ],\n [\n -119.7344970703125,\n 40.22082997283287\n ],\n [\n -119.7344970703125,\n 39.85072092501597\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":228930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heredia, Nicholas A.","contributorId":181858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heredia","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thiede, Gary P.","contributorId":9154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiede","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horgen, Erik","contributorId":280086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horgen","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37461,"text":"fws","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220383,"text":"70220383 - 2021 - On the human appropriation of wetland primary production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-10T12:49:38.118494","indexId":"70220383","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-16T07:43:30","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the human appropriation of wetland primary production","docAbstract":"Humans are changing the Earth's surface at an accelerating pace, with significant consequences for ecosystems and their biodiversity. Landscape transformation has far-reaching implications including reduced net primary production (NPP) available to support ecosystems, reduced energy supplies to consumers, and disruption of ecosystem services such as carbon storage. Anthropogenic activities have reduced global NPP available to terrestrial ecosystems by nearly 25%, but the loss of NPP from wetland ecosystems is unknown. We used a simple approach to estimate aquatic NPP from measured habitat areas and habitat-specific areal productivity in the largest wetland complex on the USA west coast, comparing historical and modern landscapes and a scenario of wetland restoration. Results show that a 77% loss of wetland habitats (primarily marshes) has reduced ecosystem NPP by 94%, C (energy) flow to herbivores by 89%, and detritus production by 94%. Our results also show that attainment of habitat restoration goals could recover 12% of lost NPP and measurably increase carbon flow to consumers, including at-risk species and their food resources. This case study illustrates how a simple approach for quantifying the loss of NPP from measured habitat losses can guide wetland conservation plans by establishing historical baselines, projecting functional outcomes of different restoration scenarios, and establishing performance metrics to gauge success.
Neonicotinoids in aquatic systems have been predominantly associated with agriculture, but some are increasingly being linked to municipal wastewater. Thus, the aim of this work was to understand the municipal wastewater contribution to neonicotinoids in a representative, characterized effluent-dominated temperate-region stream. Our approach was to quantify the spatiotemporal concentrations of imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and transformation product imidacloprid urea: 0.1 km upstream, the municipal wastewater effluent, and 0.1 and 5.1 km downstream from the wastewater outfall (collected twice-monthly for one year under baseflow conditions). Quantified results demonstrated that wastewater effluent was a point-source of imidacloprid (consistently) and clothianidin (episodically), where chronic invertebrate exposure benchmarks were exceeded for imidacloprid (36/52 samples; 3/52 > acute exposure benchmark) and clothianidin (8/52 samples). Neonicotinoids persisted downstream where mass loads were not significantly different than those in the effluent. The combined analysis of neonicotinoid effluent concentrations, instream seasonality, and registered uses in Iowa all indicate imidacloprid, and seasonally clothianidin, were driven by wastewater effluent, whereas thiamethoxam and imidacloprid urea were primarily from upstream non-point sources (or potential in-stream transformation for imidacloprid urea). This is the first study to quantify neonicotinoid persistence in an effluent-dominated stream throughout the year—implicating wastewater effluent as a point-source for imidacloprid (year-round) and clothianidin (seasonal). These findings suggest possible overlooked neonicotinoid indoor human exposure routes with subsequent implications for instream ecotoxicological exposure.
This review examines new techniques and applications of organic petrography in source-rock reservoir petroleum systems that have occurred along with development of the global ‘shale revolution’ in energy resources. The review is limited to techniques and instrumentation that provide spatially resolved information, typically at or below microscales, for dispersed organic matter occurring in situ in samples of shale and mudrock. A brief summary of ion beam sample preparation is followed by discussion of the most common analytical techniques and applications. Advantages and limitations of each technique, including requisite sample preparation, types of information generated [e.g., molecular or elemental (isotopic) abundance], sensitivity, and resolution are discussed. In a few cases, techniques not yet applied to organic petrology of shale or mudrock are described (e.g., X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy imaging), in anticipation of near-term future application. The most common in situ techniques applied for characterization of organic matter in shale and mudrock include optical (including fluorescence) and electron microscopies, Raman, fluorescence, and infrared spectroscopies, and surficial measurements via force microscopy. Techniques that show growing application to organic petrography of shale include tip-enhanced photothermal infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry imaging, and synchrotron-based spectroscopies, among others. It is anticipated that the future of dispersed organic matter petrography will hold continued development of integrated instrument techniques (e.g., simultaneous or sequential correlative microscopies and/or spectroscopies of the same location), increased instrumental resolution, increased use of multiscale and multimodal organic petrography investigations, and three-dimensional imaging and chemical speciation mapping applications via multiple analytical approaches.
Red-throated loons (Gavia stellata) are a species of conservation concern in Alaska due to recent evidence of a population decline on the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) in northern Alaska. In 2019, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a pilot study to evaluate diet and use of nearshore foraging areas as possible drivers of the population decline. We collected fat biopsies to examine diet of breeding red-throated loons using previously outlined methods. We also deployed GPS-Ultra High Frequency transmitters on red-throated loons for an initial understanding of detailed offshore marine habitat use during the breeding season. A broader research project on marine habitat use and fish diet of breeding red-throated loons will begin in 2021 on the Canning River Delta and in Foggy Island Bay, Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Uher-Koch, B.D., Latty, C.J., and Schmutz, J.A., 2021, Red-throated loon (Gavia stellata) use of nearshore marine habitats—Results from a 2019 pilot study in Northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1029, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211029.","productDescription":"iv, 4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125193","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1029/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385134,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1029/ofr20211029.pdf","text":"Report","size":"795 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1029"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.5081787109375,\n 70.0435668608635\n ],\n [\n -145.535888671875,\n 70.0435668608635\n ],\n [\n -145.535888671875,\n 70.29606309973389\n ],\n [\n -146.5081787109375,\n 70.29606309973389\n ],\n [\n -146.5081787109375,\n 70.0435668608635\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
The location and timing of spawning play a critical role in pelagic fish survival during early life stages and can affect subsequent recruitment. Spawning patterns of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) were examined in Prince William Sound (1973–2019) where the population has failed to recover since its collapse in 1993. Abrupt shifts in spawn distribution preceded the rapid increase in population size in the 1980s and later its collapse by one and two years, respectively. Following the population collapse, spawning contracted away from historical regions towards southeastern areas of the Sound, and the proportion of occupied spawning areas declined from 65% to <9%. Spatial differences in spawn timing variation were also apparent, as the median spawn date shifted earlier by 26 days in eastern and 15 days in western areas of Prince William Sound between 1980 and 2006, and then shifted later by 25 (eastern) and 19 (western) days over a 7-year period. Effects of contracted spawning areas and timing shifts on first-year survival and recruitment are uncertain and require future investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2021-0047","usgsCitation":"McGowan, D.W., Branch, T., Haught, S., and Scheuerell, M.D., 2021, Multi-decadal shifts in the distribution and timing of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) spawning in Prince William Sound, Alaska: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 78, no. 11, p. 1611-1627, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2021-0047.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1611","endPage":"1627","ipdsId":"IP-127966","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2021-0047","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":429890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145.49763958488447,\n 61.38445317402528\n ],\n [\n -148.81364721566212,\n 61.38445317402528\n ],\n [\n -148.81364721566212,\n 59.67390576743358\n ],\n [\n -145.49763958488447,\n 59.67390576743358\n ],\n [\n -145.49763958488447,\n 61.38445317402528\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Branch, Trevor A.","contributorId":337665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Branch","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12729,"text":"UW","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902606,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, David W.","contributorId":337661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGowan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12729,"text":"UW","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Branch, Trevor A.","contributorId":172088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Branch","given":"Trevor A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":903139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haught, Stormy","contributorId":337663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haught","given":"Stormy","affiliations":[{"id":56329,"text":"akfg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scheuerell, Mark David 0000-0002-8284-1254","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8284-1254","contributorId":288621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheuerell","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220164,"text":"70220164 - 2021 - The value of US coral reefs for flood risk reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-17T15:56:16.21241","indexId":"70220164","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-15T10:32:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5791,"text":"Nature Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The value of US coral reefs for flood risk reduction","docAbstract":"Habitats, such as coral reefs, can mitigate increasing flood damages through coastal protection services. We provide a fine-scale, national valuation of the flood risk reduction benefits of coral habitats to people, property, economies and infrastructure. Across 3,100 km of US coastline, the top-most 1 m of coral reefs prevents the 100-yr flood from growing by 23% (113 km2), avoiding flooding to 53,800 (62%) people, US\\$2.7 billion (90%) damage to buildings and US\\$2.6 billion (49%) in indirect economic effects. We estimate the hazard risk reduction benefits of US coral reefs to exceed US$1.8 billion annually. Many highly developed coastlines in Florida and Hawaii receive annual benefits of over US\\$10 million km–1, whereas US reefs critically reduce flooding of vulnerable populations. This quantification of spatial risk reduction can help to prioritize joint actions in flood management and environmental conservation, opening new opportunities to support reef management with hazard mitigation funding.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/s41893-021-00706-6","usgsCitation":"Reguero, B.G., Storlazzi, C.D., Gibbs, A.E., Shope, J.B., Cole, A., Cumming, K., and Beck, M., 2021, The value of US coral reefs for flood risk reduction: Nature Sustainability, v. 4, p. 688-698, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00706-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"688","endPage":"698","ipdsId":"IP-120186","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -130.67138671875,\n 54.686534234529695\n ],\n [\n -129.9462890625,\n 55.36662484928637\n ],\n [\n -130.1220703125,\n 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We compared recent and historical species distribution data and assessed conservation standings of native and nonindigenous crayfish of the Potomac River Basin in West Virginia. From 2007–2011, a total of 1764 crayfish were collected from 159 sites. Data collection included species abundance, morphometrics, and life history parameters. Percentages of the number of individuals of each species of the total catch were 36.3% (Cambarus bartonii), 34.6% (Faxonius obscurus), 23.4% (Faxonius virilis), 3.6% (Procambarus cf. zonangulus) and 2.0% (Cambarus carinirostris). Cambarus bartonii was present throughout the drainage, F. obscurus was collected primarily from the North Branch, South Branch, and Cacapon river watersheds, and C. carinirostris was only collected in the South Branch watershed. Two nonnative species, F. virilis and P. cf. zonangulus, were only present in tributaries downstream of the Cacapon River watershed. Spinycheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus) were not collected during our survey, which suggests its possible extirpation from the West Virginia portion of its range. Our zoogeographic and life history data could serve as a baseline for future conservation-oriented monitoring efforts of the Potomac River watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Astracology","doi":"10.5869/fc.2021.v26-1.37","usgsCitation":"Loughman, Z., Sykes, A.M., McKinney, M., and Welsh, S., 2021, Epigean crayfish of the Potomac River Basin in West Virginia: Zoogeography, natural history and conservation: Freshwater Crayfish, v. 26, no. 1, p. 37-49, https://doi.org/10.5869/fc.2021.v26-1.37.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-102633","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.6513671875,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -79.2333984375,\n 39.470125122358176\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 40.413496049701955\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -81.9580078125,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -80.4638671875,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -78.0908203125,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -77.82714843749999,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -77.6513671875,\n 39.605688178320804\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loughman, Zachary J.","contributorId":264677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughman","given":"Zachary J.","affiliations":[{"id":40096,"text":"West Liberty University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sykes, Audrey M.","contributorId":264679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sykes","given":"Audrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40096,"text":"West Liberty University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKinney, Matthew I.","contributorId":264680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKinney","given":"Matthew I.","affiliations":[{"id":40096,"text":"West Liberty University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":821865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70223175,"text":"70223175 - 2021 - Implications of tagging effects for interpreting the performance of sea lamprey traps in a large river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-17T13:29:20.381265","indexId":"70223175","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-15T08:20:07","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of tagging effects for interpreting the performance of sea lamprey traps in a large river","docAbstract":"Abundance estimates can be crucial for managing species of economic concern. The accuracy of these estimates can depend on the methods used to track animals and to estimate abundance from tracking data. We tested experimentally if disparate estimates of trapping efficiency calculated for sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the St. Marys River near Sault Ste. Marie, Canada could be explained by effects related to the invasiveness and handling involved in tagging or the tag size used in the marking procedures. Trapping is used to gauge adult abundance, trapping efficiency, and success of a binational sea lamprey control program in the Laurentian Great Lakes, North America. Our experiment compared nightly catches of sea lamprey marked with external fin clips, surgically-implanted passive integrated transponder tags (PIT-only), and surgically-implanted PIT and acoustic tags (PIT+acoustic). We found no evidence that the probability of being trapped was affected by the added invasiveness and handling of internal tagging. Nightly recaptures of PIT-only tagged sea lamprey, relative to fin-clipped sea lamprey, were not different from expectations based on the numbers of individuals released from each treatment group. Conversely, there was evidence of effects related to tag size. Nightly recaptures of PIT+acoustic tagged sea lamprey, relative to PIT-only tagged sea lamprey, were lower than expected based on numbers of individuals released from each treatment group. Effects related to tag size partially explain the disparate estimates in trapping efficiency observed for sea lamprey.
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Given the lack of previously described signatures, the changes in vegetation are possibly subtle. The integration of multiple different data streams is potentially a useful approach to improve signal detection. Here, we investigate whether semi-arid vegetation growth patterns responded to eight legacy underground nuclear tests at the Nevada National Security Site in southern Nevada, USA. We tested for spatial and temporal changes in vegetation cover, tree growth patterns, and tree leaf spectral properties using ground-based measurements, including those from tree-rings and hyperspectral surface vegetation reflectance, as well as space-based measurements of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Landsat. Multiple data streams suggest a localized (<1.2 km) spatial pattern whereby tree growth is enhanced closer to the source of the underground test relative to sites further away. We also observed a more regional (>1.2–9 km) pattern whereby tree growth is suppressed coincident with a drought beginning 1 year before the 1989 tests, but continuing in the 5 years following the tests, which is anomalous relative to what is expected based on the response of tree growth to previous droughts. Quantification of the relative effects of the tests on vegetation remains a challenge due to the coincident drought and the potential for other disturbances to have impacted tree growth at this time, but the integration of these data reveals a more nuanced growth response than any other one data set indicates alone.
Wetland methane (CH4) emissions (FCH4) are important in global carbon budgets and climate change assessments. Currently, FCH4 projections rely on prescribed static temperature sensitivity that varies among biogeochemical models. Meta-analyses have proposed a consistent FCH4 temperature dependence across spatial scales for use in models; however, site-level studies demonstrate that FCH4 are often controlled by factors beyond temperature. Here, we evaluate the relationship between FCH4 and temperature using observations from the FLUXNET-CH4 database. Measurements collected across the globe show substantial seasonal hysteresis between FCH4 and temperature, suggesting larger FCH4 sensitivity to temperature later in the frost-free season (about 77% of site-years). Results derived from a machine-learning model and several regression models highlight the importance of representing the large spatial and temporal variability within site-years and ecosystem types. Mechanistic advancements in biogeochemical model parameterization and detailed measurements in factors modulating CH4 production are thus needed to improve global CH4 budget assessments.
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