The groundwater flow equation is written in curvilinear coordinates whose coordinate surfaces coincide with the top and bottom surfaces of folded layers of aquifers. The coordinates are general enough for these surfaces to coincide for almost all groundwater systems. The terms of the finite-difference approximation for the flow equation can be separated into two groups. One group corresponds to a similar system of horizontal aquifers and the other group corresponds to the folding. The latter group is zero if the vertical gradients of hydraulic head and hydraulic conductivity are zero. Furthermore, it is noted that vertical gradients in head must be modelled for the effects of folding to result. When these vertical gradients and dips are not too large, the effects of folding can be calculated using a perturbation method wherein the flow in folded aquifers is considered to be a perturbation of the flow in similar horizontal aquifers. With the method presented, three-dimensional finite-difference models can be modified to simulate folded aquifer systems. Perturbation solutions are obtained for a class of folded three-aquifer systems. For these systems, with vertical head gradients as great as 0.23, with aquifer hydraulic conductivities differing by two orders of magnitude, and with dips as great as 30??, only small hydraulic changes due to folding were simulated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(85)90034-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Weiss, E., 1985, Evaluating the hydraulic effects of changes in aquifer elevation using curvilinear coordinates: Journal of Hydrology, v. 81, no. 3-4, p. 253-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(85)90034-4.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"275","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222370,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bfae4b0c8380cd52995","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiss, E.","contributorId":31117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012926,"text":"70012926 - 1985 - Quantitative analysis of saltwater-freshwater relationships in groundwater systems-A historical perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T16:27:36.362116","indexId":"70012926","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative analysis of saltwater-freshwater relationships in groundwater systems-A historical perspective","docAbstract":"Although much progress has been made toward the mathematical description of saltwater-freshwater relationships in groundwater systems since the late 19th century, the advective and dispersive mechanisms involved are still incompletely understood. This article documents the major historical advances in this subject and summarizes the major direction of current studies.
From the time of Badon Ghyben and Herzberg, it has been recognized that density is important in mathematically describing saltwater-freshwater systems. Other mechanisms, such as hydrodynamic dispersion, were identified later and are still not fully understood. Quantitative analysis of a saltwater-freshwater system attempts to mathematically describe the physical system and the important mechanisms using reasonable simplifications and assumptions. This paper, in developing the history of quantitative analysis discusses many of these simplifications and assumptions and their effect on describing and understanding the phenomenon.
The offshore stratigraphy of the Quaternary Gubik Formation of Arctic Alaska has been studied on high-resolution seismic profiles with a maximum sub-seafloor penetration of about 100 m. In general, marine transgressive subunits of the Gubik Formation are wedge-shaped on the shelf, thickening slightly seaward to the shelf break, beyond which they are offset by landslides and slumps. Beneath the eastern third of the Alaskan Beaufort shelf, active folding has created two persistent structural depressions, the Eastern and Western Wedge Terranes, in which the wedge morphology is especially well developed. The youngest transgressive marine wedge, which was deposited in such a way as to fill these depressions, leaving a generally flat present-day shelf surface, is inferred to be late Wisconsin or younger in age because it overlies a prominent disconformity interpreted to have been formed during the late Wisconsin glacial sea-level minimum. The thickness of this youngest wedge, Unit A, locally exceeds 40 m on the outer shelf, yet apparently relict gravel deposits collected from its seabed surface indicate that the depositional rate is presently quite low on the middle and outer shelf. Lithologies of the gravels are exotic to Alaska, but similar to suites exposed in the Canadian Arctic Islands. These observations suggest a depositional scenario in which the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet shed sediment-laden icebergs from the Canadian Arctic Islands into the Arctic Ocean following the late Wisconsin glacial maximum. These bergs were then rafted westward by the Beaufort Gyre and grounded on the Alaskan shelf by northeasterly prevailing winds. Especially large numbers of bergs accumulated in the wedge terrane embayments-created as sea level rose-and melted there, filling the embayments with their sedimentary cargo. As glacial retreat slowed, depositional rates on the shelf dwindled.
This mode of deposition in the Alaskan Beaufort wedge terranes may be typical of early post-glacial transgressive phases throughout Quaternary time. It has resulted in the preservation of disconformities that apparently formed during glacioeustatic lowstands, and whose seaward termination depths, appropriately corrected, may yield estimates of lowstand magnitudes. Knowledge of global sea-level fluctuations back through the Sangamon Interglacial (oxygen isotope stage 5e) and possible correlations with dated onshore deposits have facilitated a tentative correlation of major disconformities in the Beaufort Sea record with major 18O enrichment maxima in the oxygen isotope curve back through stage 8. In this tentative scheme, close similarities between the two data sets occur both in magnitudes and in numbers of fluctuations intervening between major correlation points. Further testing of the Quaternary depositional model suggested here and of the resulting sea level curve awaits the collection and dating of core samples from the Beaufort wedge terranes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(85)90010-1","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Dinter, D.A., 1985, Quaternary sedimentation of the Alaskan Beaufort shelf: Influence of regional tectonics, fluctuating sea levels, and glacial sediment sources: Tectonophysics, v. 114, no. 1-4, p. 133-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(85)90010-1.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"161","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.46539412646445,\n 71.61325942564287\n ],\n [\n -161.46539412646445,\n 69.23521971003117\n ],\n [\n -140.92461926584397,\n 69.23521971003117\n ],\n [\n -140.92461926584397,\n 71.61325942564287\n ],\n [\n -161.46539412646445,\n 71.61325942564287\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a92d8e4b0c8380cd80aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinter, David A.","contributorId":104010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinter","given":"David","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012807,"text":"70012807 - 1985 - Determination of gold, indium, tellurium and thallium in the same sample digest of geological materials by atomic-absorption spectroscopy and two-step solvent extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T15:32:23.758283","indexId":"70012807","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of gold, indium, tellurium and thallium in the same sample digest of geological materials by atomic-absorption spectroscopy and two-step solvent extraction","docAbstract":"A rock, soil, or stream-sediment sample is decomposed with hydrofluoric acid, aqua regia, and hydrobromic acid-bromine solution. Gold, thallium, indium and tellurium are separated and concentrated from the sample digest by a two-step MIBK extraction at two concentrations of hydrobromic add. Gold and thallium are first extracted from 0.1M hydrobromic acid medium, then indium and tellurium are extracted from 3M hydrobromic acid in the presence of ascorbic acid to eliminate iron interference. The elements are then determined by flame atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. The two-step solvent extraction can also be used in conjunction with electrothermal atomic-absorption methods to lower the detection limits for all four metals in geological materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0039-9140(85)80145-4","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Hubert, A., and Chao, T.T., 1985, Determination of gold, indium, tellurium and thallium in the same sample digest of geological materials by atomic-absorption spectroscopy and two-step solvent extraction: Talanta, v. 32, no. 7, p. 568-570, https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(85)80145-4.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"568","endPage":"570","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222616,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa9e4b0c8380cd4f2fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubert, A.E.","contributorId":107677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012761,"text":"70012761 - 1985 - A method for the determination of vanadium and iron oxidation states in naturally occurring oxides and silicates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T15:24:20.605478","indexId":"70012761","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method for the determination of vanadium and iron oxidation states in naturally occurring oxides and silicates","docAbstract":"A valence-specific analytical method for determining V3+ in ore minerals has been developed that involves two steps: dissolution of a mineral sample without disturbing the V3+/Vtot ratio, followed by determination of V3+ in the presence of V4+. The samples are dissolved in a mixture of hydrofluoric and sulphuric acids at 100° in Teflon-lined reaction vessels. Tervalent vanadium is then determined colorimetrically by formation of a V3+-thiocyanate complex in aqueous-acetone medium. Fe3+ is measured semi-quantitatively in the same solution. The method has been tested with two naturally occurring samples containing vanadium and iron. The results obtained were supported by those obtained by other methods, including electron spin resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Mössbauer spectroscopy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0039-9140(85)80105-3","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Wanty, R., and Goldhaber, M., 1985, A method for the determination of vanadium and iron oxidation states in naturally occurring oxides and silicates: Talanta, v. 32, no. 5, p. 395-398, https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(85)80105-3.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"398","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e458e4b0c8380cd465d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009929,"text":"70009929 - 1985 - A rapid method for determining tin and molybdenum in geological samples by flame atomic-absorption spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T17:01:53.357562","indexId":"70009929","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A rapid method for determining tin and molybdenum in geological samples by flame atomic-absorption spectroscopy","docAbstract":"The proposed method uses a lithium metaborate fusion, dissolution of the fusion bead in 15% vv hydrochloric acid, extraction into a 4% solution of trioctylphosphine oxide in methyl isobutyl ketone, and aspiration into a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame. The limits of detection for tin and molybdenum are 1.0 and 0.5 ppm, respectively. Approximately 50 samples can be analysed per day.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0039-9140(85)80220-4","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Welsch, E.P., 1985, A rapid method for determining tin and molybdenum in geological samples by flame atomic-absorption spectroscopy: Talanta, v. 32, no. 10, p. 996-998, https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(85)80220-4.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"996","endPage":"998","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e52ce4b0c8380cd46ba9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsch, Eric P.","contributorId":13981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsch","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14953,"text":"ofr85412 - 1985 - Post-Eruption Changes in Channel Geometry of Streams in the Toutle River Drainage Basin, 1980-82, Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr85412","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-412","title":"Post-Eruption Changes in Channel Geometry of Streams in the Toutle River Drainage Basin, 1980-82, Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"The May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, generated a debris avalanche, lateral blast, lahars, and tephra deposits that altered mainstem and tributary channels within the Toutle River drainage basin. Channel cross sections were monumented and surveyed on North Fork Toutle River and its tributaries, on South Fork Toutle River, on Green River, and on Toutle River in 1980 and 1981. These streams drain the north and west flanks of the volcano. The network of channel cross sections was surveyed more frequently following periods of higher flow. The repetitive cross-section surveys provide measurements of bank erosion or accretion and of channel erosion or aggradation. These data can be used to determine erosion rates, and to identify sources and storage sites of sediment in sediment budget computations. This report presents channel cross-section profiles constructed from the survey data collected during water years 1980 through 1982.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr85412","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D.F., Nolan, K.M., and Dodge, J., 1985, Post-Eruption Changes in Channel Geometry of Streams in the Toutle River Drainage Basin, 1980-82, Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-412, vi, 128 p. **PUBLICATION PAGES ARE IN INCORRECT ORDER**, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85412.","productDescription":"vi, 128 p. **PUBLICATION PAGES ARE IN INCORRECT ORDER**","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"1982-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":145949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0412/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43768,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0412/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,46 ], [ -123,46.5 ], [ -122,46.5 ], [ -122,46 ], [ -123,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683ae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, D. F.","contributorId":21167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolan, K. Michael","contributorId":71943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dodge, J.E.","contributorId":21133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189805,"text":"wdrMI841 - 1985 - Water resources data, Michigan, water year 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-10T14:46:52","indexId":"wdrMI841","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MI-84-1","title":"Water resources data, Michigan, water year 1984","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1984 water year for Michigan consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water temperature of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 142 gaging stations; stage only records for 2 gaging stations; stage and contents for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 27 continuous-record stations; and water levels for 53 observation wells. Also included are 56 crest-stage partial-record stations and 22 low-flow partial-record stations.A Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Michigan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMI841","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Michigan and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.B., Oberg, J.L., and Sieger, T., 1985, Water resources data, Michigan, water year 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MI-84-1, ix, 276, https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMI841.","productDescription":"ix, 276","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1983-10-01","temporalEnd":"1984-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344736,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1984/mi-84-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":344331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1984/mi-84-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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(some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85479.","productDescription":"vi, 235 p. :ill. 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We cannot hope to form a coherent picture of the Borah Peak shock, a rare Great Basin event, without listening to each other and reflecting on the historical and geological record of its antecedents. At a workshop held less than a year after the Borah Peak mainshock we shared our observations, exchanged ideas, and revisited the spectacular landforms at the earthquake site. In the forty reports of this volume we present our findings, a wealth of preliminary, but interdisciplinary research.
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Located in west-central Utah, the Richfield quadrangle covers the eastern part of the Plioche-Marysvale igneous and mineral belt, which extends from the vicinity of Plioche in southeastern Nevada east-northeastward for 250 km (155 mi) into central Utah. The western two-thirds of the Richfield quadrangle is in the Basin and Range province and the eastern third is in the High Plateaus of Utah, a subprovince of the Colorado Plateau.
Bedrock in the northern part of the Richfield quadrangle consists predominantly of latest Precambrian and Paleozoic sedimentary strata that were thrust eastward during the Sevier orogeny in Cretaceous time onto an autochthon of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the eastern part of the quadrangle. The southern part of the quadrangle is largely underlain by Oligocene and younger volcanic rocks and related intrusions. Extensional tectonism in late Cenozoic time broke the bedrock terrane into a series of north-trending fault blocks; the uplifted mountain areas were deeply eroded and the resulting debris deposited in the adjacent basins. Most of the mineral deposits in the Pioche-Marysvale mineral belt were formed during igneous activity in middle and late Cenozoic time.
The regional sampling program was designed to define broad geochemical patterns and trends which can be utilized along with geologic and geophysical data to assess the mineral resource potential for this quadrangle. These maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle show the regional distributions of copper in two fractions of heavy-mineral concentrates of drainage sediments.
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Located in west-central Utah, the Richfield quadrangle covers the eastern part of the Plioche-Marysvale igneous and mineral belt, which extends from the vicinity of Plioche in southeastern Nevada east-northeastward for 250 km (155 mi) into central Utah. The western two-thirds of the Richfield quadrangle is in the Basin and Range province and the eastern third is in the High Plateaus of Utah, a subprovince of the Colorado Plateau.
Bedrock in the northern part of the Richfield quadrangle consists predominantly of latest Precambrian and Paleozoic sedimentary strata that were thrust eastward during the Sevier orogeny in Cretaceous time onto an autochthon of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the eastern part of the quadrangle. The southern part of the quadrangle is largely underlain by Oligocene and younger volcanic rocks and related intrusions. Extensional tectonism in late Cenozoic time broke the bedrock terrane into a series of north-trending fault blocks; the uplifted mountain areas were deeply eroded and the resulting debris deposited in the adjacent basins. Most of the mineral deposits in the Pioche-Marysvale mineral belt were formed during igneous activity in middle and late Cenozoic time.
The regional sampling program was designed to define broad geochemical patterns and trends which can be utilized along with geologic and geophysical data to assess the mineral resource potential for this quadrangle. These maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle show the regional distributions of copper in two fractions of heavy-mineral concentrates of drainage sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/mf1246G","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., Motooka, J.M., and McHugh, J., 1985, Maps showing distribution of lead in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1246, 1 Plate: 36.38 x 27.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1246G.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.38 x 27.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1246g.jpg"},{"id":283655,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1246-G/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":390898,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6851.htm"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605779","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, William R.","contributorId":53838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motooka, Jerry M.","contributorId":36611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":60341,"text":"mf1246J - 1985 - Maps showing distribution of tungsten in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-22T19:26:09.570433","indexId":"mf1246J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1246","chapter":"J","title":"Maps showing distribution of tungsten in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"These maps are part of a folio of maps of the Richfield 1° x 2 ° quadrangle, Utah, prepared under the Conterminuous United States Mineral Assessment Program. Other publications in this folio are listed in the selected references.
Located in west-central Utah, the Richfield quadrangle covers the eastern part of the Plioche-Marysvale igneous and mineral belt, which extends from the vicinity of Plioche in southeastern Nevada east-northeastward for 250 km (155 mi) into central Utah. The western two-thirds of the Richfield quadrangle is in the Basin and Range province and the eastern third is in the High Plateaus of Utah, a subprovince of the Colorado Plateau.
Bedrock in the northern part of the Richfield quadrangle consists predominantly of latest Precambrian and Paleozoic sedimentary strata that were thrust eastward during the Sevier orogeny in Cretaceous time onto an autochthon of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the eastern part of the quadrangle. The southern part of the quadrangle is largely underlain by Oligocene and younger volcanic rocks and related intrusions. Extensional tectonism in late Cenozoic time broke the bedrock terrane into a series of north-trending fault blocks; the uplifted mountain areas were deeply eroded and the resulting debris deposited in the adjacent basins. Most of the mineral deposits in the Pioche-Marysvale mineral belt were formed during igneous activity in middle and late Cenozoic time.
The regional sampling program was designed to define broad geochemical patterns and trends which can be utilized along with geologic and geophysical data to assess the mineral resource potential for this quadrangle. These maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle show the regional distributions of copper in two fractions of heavy-mineral concentrates of drainage sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/mf1246J","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., Motooka, J.M., and McHugh, J., 1985, Maps showing distribution of tungsten in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1246, 1 Plate: 35.98 x 27.39 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1246J.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 35.98 x 27.39 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1246j.jpg"},{"id":393329,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1246-J/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6854.htm"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Richfield quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6057bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, William R.","contributorId":53838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motooka, Jerry M.","contributorId":36611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":60339,"text":"mf1246H - 1985 - Maps showing distribution of thorium in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-25T19:04:27.687858","indexId":"mf1246H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1246","chapter":"H","title":"Maps showing distribution of thorium in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"These maps are part of a folio of maps of the Richfield 1° x 2 ° quadrangle, Utah, prepared under the Conterminuous United States Mineral Assessment Program. Other publications in this folio are listed in the selected references.
Located in west-central Utah, the Richfield quadrangle covers the eastern part of the Plioche-Marysvale igneous and mineral belt, which extends from the vicinity of Plioche in southeastern Nevada east-northeastward for 250 km (155 mi) into central Utah. The western two-thirds of the Richfield quadrangle is in the Basin and Range province and the eastern third is in the High Plateaus of Utah, a subprovince of the Colorado Plateau.
Bedrock in the northern part of the Richfield quadrangle consists predominantly of latest Precambrian and Paleozoic sedimentary strata that were thrust eastward during the Sevier orogeny in Cretaceous time onto an autochthon of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the eastern part of the quadrangle. The southern part of the quadrangle is largely underlain by Oligocene and younger volcanic rocks and related intrusions. Extensional tectonism in late Cenozoic time broke the bedrock terrane into a series of north-trending fault blocks; the uplifted mountain areas were deeply eroded and the resulting debris deposited in the adjacent basins. Most of the mineral deposits in the Pioche-Marysvale mineral belt were formed during igneous activity in middle and late Cenozoic time.
The regional sampling program was designed to define broad geochemical patterns and trends which can be utilized along with geologic and geophysical data to assess the mineral resource potential for this quadrangle. These maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle show the regional distributions of copper in two fractions of heavy-mineral concentrates of drainage sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/mf1246H","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., Motooka, J.M., and McHugh, J., 1985, Maps showing distribution of thorium in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1246, 1 Plate: 36.21 x 27.70 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1246H.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.21 x 27.70 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390900,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6852.htm"},{"id":283656,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1246-H/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":179801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1246h.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6057b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, William R.","contributorId":53838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motooka, Jerry M.","contributorId":36611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":60340,"text":"mf1246I - 1985 - Maps showing distribution of tin in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-25T19:06:12.463908","indexId":"mf1246I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1246","chapter":"I","title":"Maps showing distribution of tin in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"These maps are part of a folio of maps of the Richfield 1° x 2 ° quadrangle, Utah, prepared under the Conterminuous United States Mineral Assessment Program. Other publications in this folio are listed in the selected references.
Located in west-central Utah, the Richfield quadrangle covers the eastern part of the Plioche-Marysvale igneous and mineral belt, which extends from the vicinity of Plioche in southeastern Nevada east-northeastward for 250 km (155 mi) into central Utah. The western two-thirds of the Richfield quadrangle is in the Basin and Range province and the eastern third is in the High Plateaus of Utah, a subprovince of the Colorado Plateau.
Bedrock in the northern part of the Richfield quadrangle consists predominantly of latest Precambrian and Paleozoic sedimentary strata that were thrust eastward during the Sevier orogeny in Cretaceous time onto an autochthon of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the eastern part of the quadrangle. The southern part of the quadrangle is largely underlain by Oligocene and younger volcanic rocks and related intrusions. Extensional tectonism in late Cenozoic time broke the bedrock terrane into a series of north-trending fault blocks; the uplifted mountain areas were deeply eroded and the resulting debris deposited in the adjacent basins. Most of the mineral deposits in the Pioche-Marysvale mineral belt were formed during igneous activity in middle and late Cenozoic time.
The regional sampling program was designed to define broad geochemical patterns and trends which can be utilized along with geologic and geophysical data to assess the mineral resource potential for this quadrangle. These maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle show the regional distributions of copper in two fractions of heavy-mineral concentrates of drainage sediments.
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Over the years, the lake has become an important economic, environmental, and recreational resource to the people in the area, and to the State of Tennessee. The natural eutrophic succession rate of the lake has apparently been accelerated by land use practices within the Reelfoot Lake drainage basin during the past several decades. The potential loss of Reelfoot Lake has prompted the State to make management and restoration of the lake and its resources a priority objective. The U.S. Geological Survey entered into a cooperative study in May 1984 with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and the Tennessee Department of Health and Environment, Division of Water Management, to collect and analyze hydrologic data and prepare an annual water budget for Reelfoot Lake. The purpose of the water budget is to provide an analysis of the surface-groundwater-lake-atmospheric water relation at Reelfoot Lake. Results of the analysis can be used by lake managers to evaluate the potential effects of proposed lake management strategies upon the lake and surrounding hydrologic system. The water budget for the 12-month study period (May 1, 1984 through April 30, 1985) is presented in this report. In addition, estimates of suspended-sediment discharge from tributary streams in the Reelfoot Lake basin and an analysis of concentrations of constituents in stream-bottom material at three inflow sites are also presented. 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