Ground-water conditions during coal strip mining in two small watersheds are described as part of an ongoing study of effects of mining on hydrologic systems. Both watersheds were underlain by stratified sedimentary rocks containing two perched aquifers above clay beds which underlaid the major coal seams. Mining involved removing the overburden rocks, including the top aquifer, stripping the coal seam, and recontouring the overburden spoils to the approximate premining shape of the watershed.
Water levels in the top aquifer declined as mining neared the watersheds, but destruction of observation wells precluded a record of any decline during mining in the watersheds. Depletion of the top aquifer was reflected in base flow of streams, which was reduced and more highly mineralized after mining. Initial saturated thickness of replaced overburden spoils ranged from 0 to 4 feet, based on data from observation wells installed immediately after reclamation. Down-hole specific-conductance measurements of water in the spoils suggest the presence of more highly mineralized water than that in the premining top aquifer. No significant effects of mining are evident on ground-water levels or quality beneath the stripped coal.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Columbus, OH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81913","usgsCitation":"Helgesen, J.O., and Razem, A.C., 1981, Ground-water hydrology of strip-mine areas in eastern Ohio (conditions during mining of two watersheds in Coshocton and Muskingum counties): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-913, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81913.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330785,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0913/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Coshocton County, Jefferson County, Muskingum 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John O.","contributorId":101630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helgesen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Razem, Allan C.","contributorId":72390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Razem","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26425,"text":"wri8120 - 1981 - Sediment transport in the Tanana River near Fairbanks, Alaska, 1977-79","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-05T11:24:01","indexId":"wri8120","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-20","title":"Sediment transport in the Tanana River near Fairbanks, Alaska, 1977-79","docAbstract":"Suspended sediment and bedload transport rates for the Tanana River near Fairbanks, Alaska, can be related to water discharge, and annual sediment loads can be computed using these relations. For a site near Fairbanks, the average annual (1974-79) load is 24 million metric tons of suspended sediment and 321,000 metric tons of bedload. Upstream, near North Pole, the average annual load is 20.7 million metric tons of suspended sediment and 298 ,000 metric tons of bedload. For both sites bedload is usually 1 to 1.5 percent of suspended sediment load. Particle size distribution of suspended sediment is similar at Fairbanks and North Pole. Median particle size is generally in the silt range, but at some low-water discharges, it is in the very fine sand range. Median particle size of bedload near North Pole is generally in the gravel range, but at some low transport rates, it is in the medium sand range. In 1977 median bedload particle size was comparable at the two sites, but in 1978 the median size was markedly smaller at Fairbanks. In 1979, generally coarser material was transported at both sites, but the decrease in bedload particle size was even greater between the sites. At both sites and at all water discharge and sediment transport rates, suspended load particles are significantly smaller than bedload particles. At North Pole in 1979, median bed material particle size was in the course gravel range; at Fairbanks it was in the medium gravel range in the main channel but in the fine sand range in the overflow part of the channel. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8120","usgsCitation":"Burrows, R.L., Emmett, W.W., and Parks, B., 1981, Sediment transport in the Tanana River near Fairbanks, Alaska, 1977-79: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-20, v, 56 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8120.","productDescription":"v, 56 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":366242,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","otherGeospatial":"Tanana River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.897705078125,\n 64.41592147626879\n ],\n [\n -146.832275390625,\n 64.41592147626879\n ],\n [\n -146.832275390625,\n 64.86760781632728\n ],\n [\n -148.897705078125,\n 64.86760781632728\n ],\n [\n -148.897705078125,\n 64.41592147626879\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbed6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burrows, Robert L.","contributorId":79473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burrows","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmett, William W.","contributorId":68715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parks, Bruce","contributorId":87542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9648,"text":"ofr81574 - 1981 - Documentation of a FORTRAN program, 'isocomp', for computing isostatic residual gravity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:09","indexId":"ofr81574","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-574","title":"Documentation of a FORTRAN program, 'isocomp', for computing isostatic residual gravity","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81574","usgsCitation":"Jachens, R.C., and Roberts, C.W., 1981, Documentation of a FORTRAN program, 'isocomp', for computing isostatic residual gravity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-574, 26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81574.","productDescription":"26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0574/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37378,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0574/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d78c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":160048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Carter W.","contributorId":45282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Carter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69366,"text":"l159 - 1981 - Land use and land cover, 1974-76, Oakdale, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:32","indexId":"l159","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":321,"text":"Land Use and Land Cover","code":"L","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"159","title":"Land use and land cover, 1974-76, Oakdale, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/l159","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Land use and land cover, 1974-76, Oakdale, California: U.S. Geological Survey Land Use and Land Cover 159, -, https://doi.org/10.3133/l159.","productDescription":"-","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261191,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/l/159/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,37.5 ], [ -121,38 ], [ -120,38 ], [ -120,37.5 ], [ -121,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7957,"text":"ofr81680 - 1981 - Approximate ground-water-level contours, April 1981, for the Soquel-Aptos area, Santa Cruz County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T22:07:26.445001","indexId":"ofr81680","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-680","title":"Approximate ground-water-level contours, April 1981, for the Soquel-Aptos area, Santa Cruz County, California","docAbstract":"Ground-water levels in selected wells were measured in the Soquel-Aptos, Calif., area in April 1981. On the basis of these measurements approximate ground-water-level contours were constructed. The general direction of ground-water movement in the Soquell-Aptos area is from the ridges in the northern part of the area, toward the adjacent canyons, and then southward toward the ocean. Ground-water pumping has caused ground-water levels to decline below sea level in the Capitola area, in the area just to the west and northwest of aptos, and in isolated local areas southwest of Rio Del Mar. Ground-water levels in the northern part of the area away from the seacoast have not declined much over time. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81680","usgsCitation":"Bloyd, R.M., 1981, Approximate ground-water-level contours, April 1981, for the Soquel-Aptos area, Santa Cruz County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-680, Report: iii, 3 p.; 1 Plate: 32.16 x 29.19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81680.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 3 p.; 1 Plate: 32.16 x 29.19 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413577,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12115.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":35528,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0680/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35527,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0680/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140038,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0680/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Cruz County","otherGeospatial":"Soquel-Aptos area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.019,\n 36.946\n ],\n [\n -121.856,\n 36.946\n ],\n [\n -121.856,\n 37.083\n ],\n [\n -122.019,\n 37.083\n ],\n [\n -122.019,\n 36.946\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a1d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bloyd, Richard M.","contributorId":55802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloyd","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11659,"text":"ofr81367 - 1981 - Ground-water level and precipitation data for slopes near La Honda, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-04T17:13:22.038335","indexId":"ofr81367","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-367","title":"Ground-water level and precipitation data for slopes near La Honda, California","docAbstract":"Ground water levels and precipitation were measured on a regular basis over a five-year period between October 1975 and October 1980 on two slopes near La Honda, California.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81367","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, G.F., 1981, Ground-water level and precipitation data for slopes near La Honda, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-367, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81367.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400177,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0367/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0367/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"La Honda","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.44949340820312,\n 37.243448378654115\n ],\n [\n -122.09655761718749,\n 37.243448378654115\n ],\n [\n -122.09655761718749,\n 37.47812762872122\n ],\n [\n -122.44949340820312,\n 37.47812762872122\n ],\n [\n -122.44949340820312,\n 37.243448378654115\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6687f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10449,"text":"ofr81521 - 1981 - Preliminary catalog of earthquakes in central California for February 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-15T20:53:06.323626","indexId":"ofr81521","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-521","title":"Preliminary catalog of earthquakes in central California for February 1979","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81521","usgsCitation":"Murphy, J., and Lester, F., 1981, Preliminary catalog of earthquakes in central California for February 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-521, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81521.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426715,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0521/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143144,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0521/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"central California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.87524011226367,\n 38.4838397743068\n ],\n [\n -122.87524011226367,\n 35.142522614113204\n ],\n [\n -120.46923425288864,\n 35.142522614113204\n ],\n [\n -120.46923425288864,\n 38.4838397743068\n ],\n [\n -122.87524011226367,\n 38.4838397743068\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c8a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lester, F.W.","contributorId":10767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lester","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9628,"text":"ofr811109 - 1981 - Ground-water hydrology of the Mormon Island Crane Meadows wildlife area near Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-12T17:29:54.327941","indexId":"ofr811109","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1109","title":"Ground-water hydrology of the Mormon Island Crane Meadows wildlife area near Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska","docAbstract":"The Platte River in south-central Nebraska flows generally eastward in a broad, flat valley. The river banks and many areas adjacent to the river support thick stands of cottonwood and willow trees. Brush, grass, pasture land, and cultivated fields occupy most of the remaining area. This is the habitat for many types of wildlife that live in the area or stop over in the area during annual migrations. Both sandhill cranes and whooping cranes are part of the annual migration. There is concern that water-management changes, such as surface-water diversions or ground-water withdrawals for irrigation, may alter the hydrologic environment of the wetland areas and be harmful to the wildlife habitat. In order to determine what affect changes in water management might have on ground-water levels in the wetland areas, detailed data were collected from Crane Meadows Wildlife Area, which is on an island in the Platte River near Grand Island, Nebr. Ground-water levels beneath the island respond to changes in river stage, to recharge from snowmelt and precipitation, and to evapotranspiration by riparian vegetation and from areas where the water table is close to the land surface. The data show that ground-water levels respond rapidly to changes in river stage-usually within 24 hours for distances up to 2,500 feet from the edge of the river. Thus changes in river stage due to changes in surface-water diversions will not have a long-term effect on ground-water levels. Changes in ground-water withdrawals will have the double effect of changing ground-water levels due to changes in drawdown and due to changes in river stage caused by the effects of pumping on river flow. These effects will develop slowly and be long lasting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811109","usgsCitation":"Hurr, R.T., 1981, Ground-water hydrology of the Mormon Island Crane Meadows wildlife area near Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1109, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811109.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":398556,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1109/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Hall County","otherGeospatial":"Mormon Island Crane Meadows wildlife area near Grand Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.37741851806639,\n 40.82160395916235\n ],\n [\n -98.36797714233398,\n 40.82160395916235\n ],\n [\n -98.36797714233398,\n 40.82712467108559\n ],\n [\n -98.37741851806639,\n 40.82712467108559\n ],\n [\n -98.37741851806639,\n 40.82160395916235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurr, R. Theodore","contributorId":27023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Theodore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44154,"text":"ofr811043 - 1981 - Surficial deposits along the Cowlitz River near Toledo, Lewis County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:57","indexId":"ofr811043","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1043","title":"Surficial deposits along the Cowlitz River near Toledo, Lewis County, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr811043","usgsCitation":"Dethier, D., and Bethel, J., 1981, Surficial deposits along the Cowlitz River near Toledo, Lewis County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1043, 1 map ;26 x 45 cm. on sheet 72 x 77 cm. +1 text (11 p. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811043.","productDescription":"1 map ;26 x 45 cm. on sheet 72 x 77 cm. +1 text (11 p. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":134681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":81527,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1043/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81528,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dethier, David P.","contributorId":35285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethier","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bethel, John","contributorId":72352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bethel","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10888,"text":"ofr81470 - 1981 - Feasibility study of data for nuclear-waste disposal; thermodynamic properties of basalt, granite, shale, and tuff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:39","indexId":"ofr81470","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-470","title":"Feasibility study of data for nuclear-waste disposal; thermodynamic properties of basalt, granite, shale, and tuff","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81470","usgsCitation":"Robinson, Schafer, C.M., and Haas, J., 1981, Feasibility study of data for nuclear-waste disposal; thermodynamic properties of basalt, granite, shale, and tuff: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-470, iii, 135 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81470.","productDescription":"iii, 135 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0470/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38664,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0470/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6f68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":8479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":162145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schafer, Constance M.","contributorId":67092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schafer","given":"Constance","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, John L.","contributorId":30995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"John L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9449,"text":"ofr81538 - 1981 - Hydrology of Area 5, Eastern Coal Province, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T11:18:55","indexId":"ofr81538","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-538","title":"Hydrology of Area 5, Eastern Coal Province, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data are presented for area 5 of the Eastern Coal Province, the 7,384 square-mile Monongahela River basin in western Pennsylvania, western Maryland, and north-central West Virginia. One hundred thirty-four streams were sampled about three times during the 1979 and 1980 water years for specific conductance, pH, acidity, alkalinity dissolved and total iron, dissolved and total manganese, dissolved sulfate, and dissolved solids. Benthic invertebrate populations were determined and bottom material samples were analyzed for metals. Eleven streams had pH, acidity, alkalinity, total iron, total manganese, and dissolved-sulfate levels indicative of acid-mine drainage. These streams were most common in the Tygart Valley River basin, although indicators of acid-mine drainage were found throughout the Monongahela basin. No benthic invertebrates were found in 25 of 129 streams sampled. Such streams were most common in the Cheat and Tygart Valley River basins. Low flow, mean flow, peak flow, and flow duration data are presented for gaging stations in area 5. Techniques for estimating these data for ungaged sites are presented and referenced. The functions of, and access to, the National Water Data Exchange, WATSTORE, and indexes to water-data activities in coal provinces are presented. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81538","usgsCitation":"Herb, W.J., Shaw, L.C., and Brown, D.E., 1981, Hydrology of Area 5, Eastern Coal Province, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-538, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81538.","productDescription":"92 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94921,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0538/report.pdf","size":"24403","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0538/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604ac5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herb, William J.","contributorId":79454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herb","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, L. C.","contributorId":21162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Deborah E.","contributorId":92255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3934,"text":"cir850H - 1981 - Effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption on the benthic fauna of the Toutle River, Muddy River, and Pine Creek drainage basins, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"cir850H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"850","chapter":"H","title":"Effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption on the benthic fauna of the Toutle River, Muddy River, and Pine Creek drainage basins, Washington","docAbstract":"During several periods of volcanic-ash eruption at Mount St. Helens, Wash., (March 30, May 25-26, May 30-June 2, and June 12-13, 1980) strong winds from the north occurred at high altitudes. As a result, the volcanic ash fell some 50 miles to the south in the Bull Run watershed, the principal water-supply source for the metropolitan area of Portland, Oreg. Water samples collected from three stream sites within the watershed were compared with samples collected during the same season in previous years. No detectable changes were noted in chemical characteristics. Precipitation samples collected immediately after the June 12-13 ash fall ranged in specific conductance from 20 to 41 micromhos per centimeter at 25C and in pH from 4.0 to 4.3 pH units. Stream samples collected during the May-June period ranged in specific conductance from 18 to 28 micromhos per centimeter at 25C and in pH from 6.7 to 7.5 pH units. Volcanic-ash samples were collected and analyzed for particle size, chemical composition, and weight. Significant differences in particle size of ash were found in samples from two separate eruptions. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir850H","usgsCitation":"Fuste, L.A., 1981, Effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption on the benthic fauna of the Toutle River, Muddy River, and Pine Creek drainage basins, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 850, v, H1-H13 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir850H.","productDescription":"v, H1-H13 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1981/0850h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31019,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1981/0850h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db61027a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuste, Luis A.","contributorId":53366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuste","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11120,"text":"ofr81946 - 1981 - Statistical data for movements on young faults of the conterminous United States; paleoseismic implications and regional earthquake forecasting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:24","indexId":"ofr81946","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-946","title":"Statistical data for movements on young faults of the conterminous United States; paleoseismic implications and regional earthquake forecasting","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81946","usgsCitation":"Shaw, H.R., Gartner, A., and Lusso, F., 1981, Statistical data for movements on young faults of the conterminous United States; paleoseismic implications and regional earthquake forecasting: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-946, iv, 377 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81946.","productDescription":"iv, 377 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0946/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38890,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0946/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2649","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, H. 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Si, Li, and V are also Preferentially mobilized by glass dissolution. Gaseous transfer followed by fixation of soluble uranium species on volcanic-ash particles is not an important process affecting uranium mobility. Gaseous transfer, however, may be important in forming water-soluble phases, adsorbed to ash surfaces, enriched in the economically and environmentally important elements Zn, Cu, Cd, Ph, B, F, and Ba. Quick removal of these adsorbed elements by the first exposure of freshly erupted ash to rain and surface water may pose short-term hazards to certain forms of aquatic and terrestrial life. Such rapid release of material may also represent the first step in transportation of economically important elements to environments favorable for precipitation into deposits of commercial interest.
Ash samples collected from the active Guatemalan volcanoes Fuego and Pacaya (high-Al basalts) and Santiaguito (hornblende-hypersthene dacite); bomb fragments from Augustine volcano (andesite-dacite), Alaska, and Heimaey (basalt), Vestmann Islands, Iceland; and fragments of \"rhyolitic\" pumice from various historic eruptions were subjected to three successive leaches with a constant water-to-ash weight ratio of 4:1. The volcanic material was successively leached by (1) distilled-deionized water (pH = 5.0-5.5) at room temperature for 24 hours, which removes water-soluble cases and salts adsorbed on ash surfaces during eruption; (2) dilute HC1 solution (pH = 3.5-4.0) at room temperature for 24 hours, which continues the attack initiated by the water and also attacks acid-soluble sulfides and oxides; '3) a solution 0.05 M in both Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 (pH = 9.9) at 80°C for one week, which preferentially dissolves volcanic class. The first two leaches mimic interaction of ash with rain produced in the vicinity of an active eruption. The third leach accelerates the effect of prolonged contact of volcanic ash with alkaline ground water present during ash diagenesis.
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