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,{"id":11984,"text":"ofr8889 - 1988 - Climatic data for Williams Lake, Hubbard County, Minnesota, 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T09:10:13","indexId":"ofr8889","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-89","title":"Climatic data for Williams Lake, Hubbard County, Minnesota, 1982","docAbstract":"<p>Research on the hydrology of Williams Lake, north-central Minnesota includes study of evaporation. Those climatic data needed for energy budget and mass transfer studies are presented , including: water surface temperature, dry-bulb and wet-bulb air temperatures, wind speed, precipitation, and solar and atmospheric radiation. Some calculated values necessary for these studies are also presented, such as vapor pressure and Bowen-ratio values. Data are collected at raft and land stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lakewood, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr8889","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D., Sturrock, A., Scarborough, J., and Winter, T.C., 1988, Climatic data for Williams Lake, Hubbard County, Minnesota, 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-89, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8889.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0089/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39977,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Hubbard County","otherGeospatial":"Williams Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de16c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":164522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sturrock, A.M.","contributorId":25947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturrock","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scarborough, J.L.","contributorId":94673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scarborough","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":27531,"text":"wri874175 - 1988 - The effects of two multipurpose reservoirs on the water temperature of the McKenzie River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:19:27","indexId":"wri874175","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4175","title":"The effects of two multipurpose reservoirs on the water temperature of the McKenzie River, Oregon","docAbstract":"A one dimensional, unsteady-state temperature model using the equilibrium temperature approach (with air temperature used to estimate equilibrium temperature) is used to evaluate the effects of two Army Corps of Engineers dams and resulting reservoirs on the McKenzie River, from Delta Park (River Kilometer 99.9) to Leaburg Dam (River Kilometer 62.4). Both Corps of Engineers projects are on tributaries to the McKenzie River and at present have only bottom withdrawal capabilities. An effective top width parameter (ETW) was introduced into model calibrations to account for the high turbulence of the reach. Extensive data were collected from May to October, 1983 and 1984. Using these data, water temperatures were predicted to within 0.30 C mean absolute deviation (MAD) at Finn Rock (at River Kilometer 87.2, 4.5 km below the second tributary confluence) and near Vida (River Kilometer 76.8), and to within 0.40 C at Leaburg Dam (River Kilometer 62.4). Since these data represent hydrologic and meteorologic conditions over a very short period, analyses were extended to include three additional historic years and an average conditions year. The average conditions values were obtained by using the mean daily values for the period of record at key stations. Accuracy was lost when simulating historic years, since the only meteorological data available were collected outside the basin, and hence were less representative. Simulation of historic data showed that Corps of Engineers projects have little or no effect on water temperatures of the McKenzie River near Vida (River Kilometer 76.8) from the end of November to the end of May. Projects have a cooling effect from the beginning of June to the first part of September and a warming effect from the middle of September to the end of November. Warming and cooling effects average just over 1 C. There is little or no temperature effect during periods of flood control operation or reservoir filling. Cooling effects are due to conservation holding, when releases are cooler than inflows. Drafting of reservoirs in preparation for flood control causes a warming effect when heat stored in the upper water layers during conservation holding is released as reservoir water levels are lowered. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874175","usgsCitation":"Hansen, R.P., 1988, The effects of two multipurpose reservoirs on the water temperature of the McKenzie River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4175, v, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874175.","productDescription":"v, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4175/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56391,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4175/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65ddae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, R. P.","contributorId":106538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27690,"text":"wri874210 - 1988 - Flood hydrology near Flagstaff, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri874210","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4210","title":"Flood hydrology near Flagstaff, Arizona","docAbstract":"Peak discharges measured at 11 crest-stage gages near Flagstaff were used to determine discharges that have recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. The discharges were related to drainage area and urban development in order to provide equations for design of hydraulic structure in the Flagstaff area. Peak discharges in various parts of the city differ considerably. The differences are due to combinations of several drainage-basin characteristics. Coefficients for the rational formula were computed for drainages of less than 10 sq mi. Coefficients for undeveloped rural basins are less than 0.1; coefficients for urban development range from 0.05 to 0.39. This range in values indicates that, with some limitations, coefficients found in general engineering handbooks for urban types of land use are applicable for design in Flagstaff. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874210","usgsCitation":"Hill, G.W., Hales, T., and Aldridge, B.N., 1988, Flood hydrology near Flagstaff, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4210, iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874210.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4210/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56542,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef0a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, G. W.","contributorId":85551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hales, T.A.","contributorId":99115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hales","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aldridge, B. N.","contributorId":73179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"B.","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":68339,"text":"ha694C - 1988 - Major ground-water flow systems in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-20T20:17:25","indexId":"ha694C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"694","chapter":"C","title":"Major ground-water flow systems in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states","docAbstract":"<p>This atlas is one of several reports that are products of an analysis of regional aquifer systems in the Great Basin of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent States. &nbsp;The Geological Survey program of regional aquifer-system analyses is a nationwide study of ground-water systems on a regional scale. &nbsp;The program is intended to establish a framework of geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical information for each regional aquifer system studied. &nbsp;As of 1985, studies have been started or completed in 19 areas. &nbsp;The scope of the Great Basin Regional Aquifer-System Analysis is outlined by Harrill and others (1983). &nbsp;The purpose of this report is to bring the findings of several studies together into a map report that discusses regional aspects of ground-water flow in the Great Basin, delineates the major ground-water flow systems, and briefly describes some of their characteristics.</p><p>This atlas is Chapter C of a three-part series. Chapter A delineates and describes hydrogeologic units in the Great Basin region, and Chapter B shows the generalized distribution of hydraulic potential.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ha694C","usgsCitation":"Harrill, J.R., Gates, J.S., and Thomas, J., 1988, Major ground-water flow systems in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 694, 2 Plates: 41.96 x 38.00 inches and 33.00 x 37.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha694C.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 41.96 x 38.00 inches and 33.00 x 37.50 inches","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335846,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ha694B","text":"HA-694-B","linkHelpText":"Ground-water levels in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states"},{"id":335845,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ha694A","text":"HA-694-A","linkHelpText":"Hydrogeology of the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states"},{"id":273169,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds273_HA_StudyArea.xml"},{"id":89815,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/694c/plate-1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"7.94 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89816,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/694c/plate-2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"5.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":273816,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ha694c_et1000gb_p.xml"},{"id":273821,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ha694c_spg1000gb_x.xml"},{"id":273817,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ha694c_ha1000gb.xml"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              42.24478535602799\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              38.77121637244273\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.86206054687499,\n              34.867904962568716\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.983154296875,\n              37.01132594307015\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.24755859375,\n              40.136890695345905\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.060791015625,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              42.24478535602799\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrill, James R.","contributorId":99533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrill","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gates, Joseph Spencer","contributorId":108089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"Spencer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, James M.","contributorId":97880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"James M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":13910,"text":"ofr88177 - 1988 - Activities of the Water Resources Division, California District, in the 1987 fiscal year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:45","indexId":"ofr88177","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-177","title":"Activities of the Water Resources Division, California District, in the 1987 fiscal year","docAbstract":"The mission of the Water Resources Division is to provide the hydrologic information and understanding needed for the optimum utilization and management of the Nation 's water resources for the overall benefit of the people of the United States. Several of the most relevant and visible studies being conducted by the California District deal with selenium toxicity in the western San Joaquin Valley; groundwater export from the Owens Valley, coupled with vegetation survivability studies; hydrodynamics variability in San Francisco Bay; reclaimed water use; seawater intrusion in the Santa Barbara area; and involvement in the water-quality standard/water-rights hearing for the San Francisco Bay/Delta. Thirty-nine project summaries are provided. Water Resources Division basic mission and program, California District organization and funding, and 1987 water conditions are also summarized. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88177","usgsCitation":"Griner, C., and Anttila, P., 1988, Activities of the Water Resources Division, California District, in the 1987 fiscal year: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-177, vi, 84 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88177.","productDescription":"vi, 84 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0177/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42553,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0177/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a36d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griner, C.A.","contributorId":93062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griner","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anttila, P.W.","contributorId":56231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anttila","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27872,"text":"wri874170 - 1988 - Techniques for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:16:00","indexId":"wri874170","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4170","title":"Techniques for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Log-Pearson type III flood-frequency analyses were made of annual series peak-flow records from 246 gaging stations on unregulated streams in Minnesota having watersheds ranging in area from 0.08 to 2,520 square miles. These flood discharges were related to watershed and climatic characteristics by using multiple-regression techniques. On the basis of this preliminary regression analysis of the frequency-analysis results, the data from these stations were grouped into four hydrologically distinct regions for the State. Regression analyses were performed on data from each region relating the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence interval flood discharges to basin characteristics. The resulting regression equations, which may be used to estimate flood flows at ungaged sites, relate basin characteristics (contributing drainage area, main-channel slope, percent of basin covered by water, percent of basin covered by lakes, and mean annual runoff) to estimated flood flows. Different basin characteristics are significant for each of the four regions. Drainage area was found to be most significant and is included in all regional equations. Standard errors of estimate of the regression equations ranged from 33 to 60 percent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri874170","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Jacques, J., and Lorenz, D., 1988, Techniques for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4170, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874170.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":68691,"text":"ha703 - 1988 - Configuration of the water table and depth to water, spring 1980, water-level fluctuations, and water movement in the Snake River Plain Regional Aquifer System, Idaho and eastern Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":40149,"text":"ofr86149 - 1986 - Configuration of the water table and depth to water, spring 1980, water-level fluctuations, and water movement in the Snake River Plain Regional Aquifer System, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ofr86149","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Configuration of the water table and depth to water, spring 1980, water-level fluctuations, and water movement in the Snake River Plain Regional Aquifer System, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":68691,"text":"ha703 - 1988 - Configuration of the water table and depth to water, spring 1980, water-level fluctuations, and water movement in the Snake River Plain Regional Aquifer System, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ha703","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Configuration of the water table and depth to water, spring 1980, water-level fluctuations, and water movement in the Snake River Plain Regional Aquifer System, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-02T11:02:27","indexId":"ha703","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"703","title":"Configuration of the water table and depth to water, spring 1980, water-level fluctuations, and water movement in the Snake River Plain Regional Aquifer System, Idaho and eastern Oregon","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ha703","usgsCitation":"Lindholm, G.F., Garabedian, S., Newton, G.D., and Whitehead, R., 1988, Configuration of the water table and depth to water, spring 1980, water-level fluctuations, and water movement in the Snake River Plain Regional Aquifer System, Idaho and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 703, Plate: 43.65 inches x 33.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha703.","productDescription":"Plate: 43.65 inches x 33.99 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/703/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":278741,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/703/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"500000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -12.333333333333334,42.25 ], [ -12.333333333333334,44.5 ], [ -11.216666666666667,44.5 ], [ -11.216666666666667,42.25 ], [ -12.333333333333334,42.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a32ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindholm, Gerald F.","contributorId":18374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindholm","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garabedian, S. P.","contributorId":56657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, G. D.","contributorId":43374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitehead, R.L.","contributorId":34891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":68698,"text":"ha698 - 1988 - General hydrogeology of the aquifers of Mesozoic age, Upper Colorado River Basin - excluding the San Juan Basin - Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7144,"text":"ofr84716 - 1984 - General hydrogeology of the aquifers of Mesozoic age, upper Colorado River basin, excluding the San Juan basin; Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and Arizona","indexId":"ofr84716","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"General hydrogeology of the aquifers of Mesozoic age, upper Colorado River basin, excluding the San Juan basin; Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and Arizona"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":68698,"text":"ha698 - 1988 - General hydrogeology of the aquifers of Mesozoic age, Upper Colorado River Basin - excluding the San Juan Basin - Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and Arizona","indexId":"ha698","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"General hydrogeology of the aquifers of Mesozoic age, Upper Colorado River Basin - excluding the San Juan Basin - Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and Arizona"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T10:47:43","indexId":"ha698","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"698","title":"General hydrogeology of the aquifers of Mesozoic age, Upper Colorado River Basin - excluding the San Juan Basin - Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and Arizona","docAbstract":"<p><span>The objective of the Upper Colorado Regional Aquifer Systems Analyses (RASA) project is to assess quantitatively the occurrence, movement, and availability of water stored in rock formations underlying the basin. This is one of a series of preliminary reports that describe what is currently known (1984) about the geometry and hydrologic properties of the aquifer systems, and the chemistry of the water in known or potential aquifers. This report provides the foundation needed for the assessment of the ground-water resources of the region. The report describes only part of the hydrologic system; that is, formations of Mesozoic age. Younger and older formations significant to the hydrologic system are described in other reports.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ha698","usgsCitation":"Freethey, G.W., Kimball, B.A., Wilberg, D.E., and Hood, J.W., 1988, General hydrogeology of the aquifers of Mesozoic age, Upper Colorado River Basin - excluding the San Juan Basin - Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 698, 2 Sheets: 58.00 x 36.02 inches and 58.00 x 36.07 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha698.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 58.00 x 36.02 inches and 58.00 x 36.07 inches","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":90424,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/698/plate-1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"16.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90425,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/698/plate-2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"14.99 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"2500000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,36 ], [ -112,43 ], [ -106,43 ], [ -106,36 ], [ -112,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0f11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freethey, Geoffrey W.","contributorId":25570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freethey","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":278775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilberg, Dale E.","contributorId":101275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hood, James W.","contributorId":66115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":13669,"text":"ofr88475 - 1988 - Models, data available, and data requirements for estimating the effects of injecting saltwater into disposal wells in the greater Altamont-Bluebell oil and gas field, northern Uinta Basin, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T16:05:21","indexId":"ofr88475","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-475","title":"Models, data available, and data requirements for estimating the effects of injecting saltwater into disposal wells in the greater Altamont-Bluebell oil and gas field, northern Uinta Basin, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Permits for disposing of salty oil-production water have been issued for 19 wells in the Greater Altamont-Bluebell field. During 1986 more than 500 million gallons of production water were injected into the Duchesne River, Uinta, and Green River Formations through 18 of these wells. The physical and chemical effects of injecting this water into aquifers containing potable water are poorly understood. Interfingering and the structural configuration of these formations add complexity to the description of the geometry and hydrogeology of the ground-water system.</p><p>A preliminary assessment of the problem indicates that numerical modeling may offer a method of determining the effects of injection. Modeling possibilities include variable-density, three-dimensional flow, sectionaltransport, and areal-transport models. Data needed to develop these models can be derived from a synthesis of geologic, hydrologic, and hydrochemical data already available in the files of State and Federal agencies, oil companies, and private companies. Results from each modeling phase would contribute information for implementing the following phase. The result will be a better understanding of how water moves naturally through the groundwater system, the extent of alterations of both vertical and horizontal flow near the disposal wells, and an overall concept of the effects of deep injection on near-surface aquifers. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr88475","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Division of Oil, Gas, And Mining","usgsCitation":"Freethey, G.W., 1988, Models, data available, and data requirements for estimating the effects of injecting saltwater into disposal wells in the greater Altamont-Bluebell oil and gas field, northern Uinta Basin, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-475, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88475.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":42220,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0475/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0475/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Altamont-Bluebell oil and gas field, Uinta Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6996ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freethey, Geoffrey W.","contributorId":25570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freethey","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30465,"text":"wri864106 - 1988 - Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York — Part 2: Simulation of ground-water flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T22:14:51.01401","indexId":"wri864106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4106","title":"Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York — Part 2: Simulation of ground-water flow","docAbstract":"<p>Data on the hydrogeology of a 26-sq-mi area surrounding the Brookhaven landfill site in central Suffolk County were collected as part of a hydrologic investigation of solute transport from the site. These data were used to develop a steady-state groundwater flow model of the upper glacial (water table) aquifer in the area. The model accounts for the leakage through confining units underlying the aquifer, seepage to streams, recharge from precipitation, and pumpage and redistribution of water. Refined estimates of aquifer and confining-unit properties were obtained through model calibrations. Water table altitudes generated by the calibrated model were used to determine groundwater velocities and probable flow paths in the vicinity of the site under long-term average hydrologic conditions. Groundwater velocities and probable flow paths in the study area were calculated from simulated water table altitudes generated by the calibrated flow model. Groundwater at the center of the site flows southeastward at a velocity of 1.1 ft/d. The report is the second in a three part series describing the hydrologic conditions and groundwater quality, groundwater flow, and solute transport in the vicinity of the Brookhaven landfill.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864106","usgsCitation":"Wexler, E.J., and Maus, P.E., 1988, Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York — Part 2: Simulation of ground-water flow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4106, Report: vi, 44 p.; 2 Plates: 18.82 × 22.99 inches and 18.42 × 22.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864106.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 44 p.; 2 Plates: 18.82 × 22.99 inches and 18.42 × 22.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59247,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59246,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4106/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59245,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4106/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394789,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36551.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73,\n              40.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.875,\n              40.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.875,\n              40.858\n            ],\n            [\n              -73,\n              40.858\n            ],\n            [\n              -73,\n              40.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698fa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wexler, E. J.","contributorId":104931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wexler","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maus, P. E.","contributorId":68787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maus","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13608,"text":"ofr88499 - 1988 - Hydrologic data for the Salt Bayou estuary near Sabine Pass, Texas, October 1984 to March 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-12T15:25:33","indexId":"ofr88499","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-499","title":"Hydrologic data for the Salt Bayou estuary near Sabine Pass, Texas, October 1984 to March 1986","docAbstract":"<p>The Salt Bayou estuary, located in extreme southeast Texas near Sabine Pass, has been altered by construction of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. The waterway has interrupted the historical saltwater-freshwater exchange in this important estuary. This alteration may have had a detrimental effect on fish production because of increased salinity, and on waterfowl production because of lower water levels.</p>\n<p>There have been proposals to develop water control structures in the major channels that would enable some regulation of the saltwater in order to restore the estuary to its approximate historic state. A cooperative effort was initiated by the Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, and the U.S. Geological Survey to identify the fish species and their transport mechanisms. The U.S. Geological Survey's part of this effort was to describe the present hydrology of Salt Bayou.</p>\n<p>The purpose of this report is to present the hydrologic data that were collected during October 1984 through March 1986. The initial data-collection network consisted of stage gages at Keith Lake Pass, the mouth of Salt Bayou, Ten Mile Cut, the Intracoastal Waterway, and Star Lake. A stage gage at the Alligator Bayou pumping plant became available later in the study. After 6 months of data were collected, the Ten Mile Cut gage was moved to Wildcow Bayou. The gages at Keith Lake Pass, the mouth of Salt Bayou, Ten Mile Cut, and Wildcow Bayou were equipped with water-velocity recording equipment. The Keith Lake Pass gage also had temperature and specific-conductance recording equipment.</p>\n<p>Six 24-hour flow investigations were performed to calibrate the velocity recording equipment and to determine the flow at ungaged sites. Before and after these investigations, specific conductance was measured at 43 sites within the estuary.</p>\n<p>Precipitation data were obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration stations at Port Arthur, Anahuac, and Sea Rim State Park and were used to estimate the contribution of freshwater from rainfall. Evaporation data were obtained from Beaumont Research Station and were used to make estimates of water consumption from evapotranspiration. Wind speed and direction were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather station at Sea Rim State Park.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr88499","usgsCitation":"Fisher, J., 1988, Hydrologic data for the Salt Bayou estuary near Sabine Pass, Texas, October 1984 to March 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-499, v, 128 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88499.","productDescription":"v, 128 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":42125,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0499/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0499/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db6085e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, J.C.","contributorId":99974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15078,"text":"ofr88321 - 1988 - Hydrologic monitoring in the area of the Tennessee-Tombigbee waterway, Mississippi-Alabama, fiscal year 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:04","indexId":"ofr88321","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-321","title":"Hydrologic monitoring in the area of the Tennessee-Tombigbee waterway, Mississippi-Alabama, fiscal year 1986","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88321","usgsCitation":"Morris, F., 1988, Hydrologic monitoring in the area of the Tennessee-Tombigbee waterway, Mississippi-Alabama, fiscal year 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-321, 483 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88321.","productDescription":"483 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0321/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43991,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0321/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6065b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, Fred III","contributorId":103693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Fred","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14512,"text":"ofr88473 - 1988 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New Mexico; fiscal year 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:54","indexId":"ofr88473","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-473","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New Mexico; fiscal year 1988","docAbstract":"All hydrologic investigations in the New Mexico District in progress during fiscal year 1988 are summarized. The summaries include sections on the problem addressed, the objective and approach of the investigation, progress of the investigation. Reports released during 1986 and 1987 are listed. The New Mexico District office organization, cooperating agencies, and types of funding for the District operation are also summarized. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88473","usgsCitation":"Knutilla, R.L., 1988, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New Mexico; fiscal year 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-473, viii, 93 p. :maps ;1988., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88473.","productDescription":"viii, 93 p. :maps ;1988.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0473/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43202,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0473/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutilla, R. L. (compiler)","contributorId":68746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutilla","given":"R.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14447,"text":"ofr87539 - 1988 - Borehole geophysics applied to ground-water investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-06T12:41:30","indexId":"ofr87539","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-539","title":"Borehole geophysics applied to ground-water investigations","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this manual is to provide hydrologists, geologists, and others who have the necessary training with the basic information needed to apply the most useful borehole-geophysical-logging techniques to the solution of problems in ground-water hydrology. Geophysical logs can provide information on the construction of wells and on the character of the rocks and fluids penetrated by those wells, in addition to changes in the character of these factors with time. The response of well logs is caused by: petrophysical factors; the quality; temperature, and pressure of interstitial fluids; and ground-water flow. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the analog records and computer analysis of digitized logs are used to derive geohydrologic information. This information can then be extrapolated vertically within a well and laterally to other wells using logs.</p><p>The physical principles by which the mechanical and electronic components of a logging system measure properties of rocks, fluids and wells, and the principles of measurement need to be understood to correctly interpret geophysical logs. Planning the logging operation involves selecting the equipment and the logs most likely to provide the needed information. Information on well construction and geohydrology are needed to guide this selection. Quality control of logs is an important responsibility of both the equipment operator and log analyst and requires both calibration and well-site standardization of equipment.</p><p>Logging techniques that are widely used in ground-water hydrology or that have significant potential for application to this field include: spontaneous potential, resistance, resistivity, gamma, gamma spectrometry, gamma-gamma, neutron, acoustic velocity, acoustic televiewer, caliper, and fluid temperature, conductivity, and flow. The following topics are discussed for each of these techniques: principles and instrumentation, calibration and standardization, volume of investigation, extraneous effects, and interpretation and applications.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr87539","usgsCitation":"Keys, W., 1988, Borehole geophysics applied to ground-water investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-539, 305 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87539.","productDescription":"305 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":349767,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0539/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0539/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6029ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keys, W.S.","contributorId":75126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keys","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14359,"text":"ofr88455 - 1988 - Operating manual for the R200 downhole recorder with husky hunter retriever","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:01","indexId":"ofr88455","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-455","title":"Operating manual for the R200 downhole recorder with husky hunter retriever","docAbstract":"The R200 Downhole Recorder is a battery-powered device that, when placed in a well casing, monitors water levels for a period of up to 1 year. This instrument measures a 1- to 70-foot range of water levels. These water-level data can be retrieved through use of a commercially available portable microcomputer. The R200 Downhole Recorder was developed at the U.S. Geological Survey 's Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. This operating manual describes the R200 Downhole Recorder, provides initial set-up instructions, and gives directions for on-site operation. Design specifications and routine maintenance steps are included. The R200 data-retriever program is a user-friendly, menu-driven program. The manual guides the user through the procedures required to perform specific operations. Numerous screens are reproduced in the text with a discussion of user input for desired responses. Help is provided for specific problems. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88455","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.A., and Rorabaugh, J.I., 1988, Operating manual for the R200 downhole recorder with husky hunter retriever: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-455, iv, 111 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88455.","productDescription":"iv, 111 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0455/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43036,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0455/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f59e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Roy A.","contributorId":60665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rorabaugh, James I.","contributorId":75549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rorabaugh","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1663,"text":"wsp2284 - 1988 - Evaluation of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9106,"text":"ofr84748 - 1985 - Evaluation of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland","indexId":"ofr84748","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1663,"text":"wsp2284 - 1988 - Evaluation of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland","indexId":"wsp2284","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T09:23:06","indexId":"wsp2284","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2284","title":"Evaluation of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland","docAbstract":"Ground water in the 3,458-square-mile lower Susquehanna River basin occupies secondary openings in bedrock. The distribution of openings is a function of lithology, depth, and topography. Local flow systems account for most of the total ground-water flow. Average annual recharge for the lower basin is 1,857 million gallons per day, most of which discharges to streams. The water table is a subdued replica of land surface; its depth varies with topography but is generally 20 to 70 feet below land surface. Ground water circulates to depths of 500 to 600 feet below the water table. \r\n\r\nA digital model of regional, unconfined groundwater flow was developed and used to evaluate the ground-water resources of the lower basin. On the basis of lithologic and hydrologic differences, the area was subdivided into 21 hydrogeologic units, each with different hydrologic characteristics. Each unit was divided into two layers to take into account decreasing secondary permeability with depth. A finite-difference grid with square blocks approximately 1 mile on a side was used. The model was calibrated under steady-state and transient conditions. In the steady-state calibration, the model-generated results were compared with estimated water-table altitudes and estimated base flows. In the transient calibration, the model-generated results were compared with observed changes in water-table altitude from November 1, 1980, through April 22, 1981. \r\n\r\nHydraulic conductivity increases from hilltops to Valley bottoms. The average hydraulic conductivity for carbonate units is about 21 feet per day, which is an order of magnitude greater than the corresponding averages for Paleozoic sedimentary, Triassic sedimentary, and crystalline units. The Cumberland Valley carbonate rocks have the greatest average hydraulic conductivity-about 174 feet per day in valley bottoms. The average gaining-stream leakage coefficient for all carbonate units is about 16 feet per day, which is two orders of magnitude greater than the corresponding averages for the other lithologies. The Cumberland Valley carbonate rocks have the greatest gaining-stream leakage coefficient--about 43 feet per day. The specific yields are 0.035, 0.020, 0.020, and 0.007 for the carbonate, Paleozoic sedimentary, crystalline, and Triassic sedimentary units, respectively. \r\n\r\nThe calibrated model was used to simulate the effects of a ground-water withdrawal of 1 inch per year on water-table altitudes and average annual base flows in the modeled area. The overall effect is least for the carbonate units and greatest for the Triassic sedimentary units. The model also was used to simulate a standardized potential yield for each unit by assuming that the maximum acceptable consequence of a hypothetical withdrawal scheme is an ultimate 50-percent reduction in average annual base flow. Based on this, the potential yield for the modeled area is 891 million gallons per day. The Cumberland Valley carbonate rocks have the greatest potential yield--0.47 million gallons per day per square mile. The carbonate units have the greatest average potential yield, followed by the Paleozoic sedimentary, crystalline, and Triassic sedimentary units. About 90 percent of the eventual decline in water-table altitudes and the eventual reduction in average annual base flows occurs within 5 years of the implementation of the hypothetical withdrawal scheme. Nearly all of the ground water withdrawn is derived from reduced discharge to streams. \r\n\r\nThe calibrated model can be used to estimate the impacts of ground-water development schemes on regional ground-water levels and base flows of streams, it cannot be used to simulate local cones of depression or local base-flow changes. The reliability of the model is a function of its approximation of the physical characteristics of the ground-water flow system, the two calibrations, various simplifying assumptions, and the lack of calibration under ground-water withdrawal conditions, it ca","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2284","usgsCitation":"Gerhart, J.M., and Lazorchick, G.J., 1988, Evaluation of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2284, vi, 128 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 2 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2284.","productDescription":"vi, 128 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 2 plates in pocket","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2284/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26735,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2284/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26736,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2284/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26737,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2284/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4340","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerhart, James M.","contributorId":35717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lazorchick, George J.","contributorId":18743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazorchick","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29075,"text":"wri874065 - 1988 - Water resources of Oley Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T09:53:54","indexId":"wri874065","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4065","title":"Water resources of Oley Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Oley Township covers an area of 24 square miles, about half of which is underlain by highly permeable carbonate rocks. Nondomestic wells in these rocks typically have yields of 200 gallons per minute, and some wells yield more than 1,000 gallons per minute. Ground-water yield for Oley Township is about 0.5 million gallons per day per square mile. Thus, about 12 million gallons per day could be pumped from wells on a sustained basis. However, pumping this amount would adversely affect streamflow. A series of discharge measurements on Manatawny Creek in January 1983 showed that the creek was gaining approximately 12 cubic feet per second where it crosses the more- permeable carbonate rocks. Thus, the streams are directly connected to these aquifers.\r\n\r\n      The northern and western parts of the township are mostly underlain by shale, quartzite, granite, gneiss, and carbonate rocks of low permeability, and some wells do not yield enough water for domestic supplies. A water-table map shows that two active quarries in low-permeability rocks have had little effect on the hydrologic system.\r\n\r\n      Specific yields are about 4.5 percent for the carbonate rocks; 5 percent for quartzite, granite, and gneiss; 1 percent for the noncarbonate sedimentary rocks; and 1.5 percent for the Jacksonburg Limestone, which consists of argillaceous limestone.\r\n\r\n      In 1982--a year of average precipitation--the ground-water contribution to total streamflow ranged from 56 to 88 percent. Basins with the highest percentage of carbonate rock contribute the largest amount of ground water to streamflow. Evapotranspiration averaged about 26 inches in 1982. Water loss was 32 inches in the Limekiln Creek basin; this suggests that about 6 inches of precipitation bypassed the Limekiln Creek gaging station as ground-water underflow.\r\n\r\n      The most serious water-quality problems are excessive nitrate concentrations and bacterial contamination. Water from 3 of 19 wells in carbonate rocks had nitrate concentrations in excess of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter. Water from 5 of the 19 wells had fecal streptococci counts of more than 20 colonies per 100 milliliters. Although most agencies concerned with the protection of public health have not set limits for fecal streptococci, they are pathogenic, and their presence in drinking water is undesirable.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874065","usgsCitation":"Paulachok, G., and Wood, C.R., 1988, Water resources of Oley Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4065, vi, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874065.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4065/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57933,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4065/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57934,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4065/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57935,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4065/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulachok, G. N.","contributorId":15205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulachok","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, C. R.","contributorId":100386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28164,"text":"wri874119 - 1988 - Methods to determine transit losses for return flows of transmountain water in Fountain Creek between Colorado Springs and the Arkansas River, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri874119","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4119","title":"Methods to determine transit losses for return flows of transmountain water in Fountain Creek between Colorado Springs and the Arkansas River, Colorado","docAbstract":"Methods were developed by which transit losses could be determined for transmountain return flows in Fountain Creek between Colorado Springs, Colorado, and its confluence with the Arkansas River. The study reach is a complex hydrologic system wherein a substantially variable streamflow interacts with an alluvial aquifer. The study approach included: (1) calibration and verification of a streamflow-routing model that contained a bank-storage-discharge component; (2) use of the model to develop the methods by which transit losses could be calculated; and (3) design of an application method for calculating daily transit loss using the model results. Sources of transit losses that were studied are bank storage, channel storage, and evaporation. Magnitude of bank-storage loss primarily depends on duration of a recovery period during which water lost to bank storage is returned to the stream. Net loss to bank storage can vary from about 50% for a 0-day recovery period to about 2% for a 180-day recovery period. Virtually all water lost to bank storage could be returned to the stream with longer recovery periods. Channel-storage loss was determined to be about 10% of a release quantity. Because the loss on any given day is totally recovered in the form of gains from channel storage on the subsequent day, channel storage is a temporary transit loss. Evaporation loss generally is less than 5% of a given daily transmountain return-flow release, depending on month of year. Evaporation losses are permanently lost from the system. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874119","usgsCitation":"Kuhn, G., 1988, Methods to determine transit losses for return flows of transmountain water in Fountain Creek between Colorado Springs and the Arkansas River, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4119, viii, 183 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874119.","productDescription":"viii, 183 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4119/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56998,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4119/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cf8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuhn, Gerhard","contributorId":102080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhn","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2394,"text":"wsp2333 - 1988 - Tritium migration from a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Chicago, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"wsp2333","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2333","title":"Tritium migration from a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Chicago, Illinois","docAbstract":"This paper describes the results of a study to determine the geologic and hydrologic factors that control migration of tritium from a closed, low-level radioactive-waste disposal site. The disposal site, which operated from 1943 to mid1949, contains waste generated by research activities at the world's first nuclear reactors. Tritium has migrated horizontally at least 1,300 feet northward in glacial drift and more than 650 feet in the underlying dolomite. Thin, gently sloping sand layers in an otherwise clayey glacial drift are major conduits for ground-water flow and tritium migration in a perched zone beneath the disposal site. Tritium concentrations in the drift beneath the disposal site exceed 100,000 nanocuries per liter. Regional horizontal joints in the dolomite are enlarged by solution and are the major conduits for ground-water flow and tritium migration in the dolomite. A weathered zone at the top of the dolomite also is a pathway for tritium migration. The maximum measured tritium concentration in the dolomite is 29.4 nanocuries per liter. Fluctuations of tritium concentration in the dolomite are the result of dilution by seasonal recharge from the drift.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2333","usgsCitation":"Nicholas, J., and Healy, R.W., 1988, Tritium migration from a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Chicago, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2333, iv, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2333.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2333/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28371,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2333/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db624515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholas, J.R.","contributorId":26673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholas","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1682,"text":"wsp2234F - 1988 - Bottom sediments and nutrients in the tidal Potomac system, Maryland and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp2234F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2234","chapter":"F","title":"Bottom sediments and nutrients in the tidal Potomac system, Maryland and Virginia","docAbstract":"The characteristics and distributions of near-surface bottom sediments and of nutrients in the sediments provide information on modern sediment and nutrient sources, sedimentation environments, and geochemical reactions in the tidal Potomac system, Maryland and Virginia. This information is fundamental to an improved understanding of sedimentation and eutrophication problems in the tidal Potomac system. The tidal Potomac system consists of 1,230 square kilometers of intertidal to subtidal Potomac mainstem and tributary streambed from the heads-of-tides to Chesapeake Bay. \r\n\r\nTidal Potomac sediments are dominantly silt and clay except in local areas. An average sediment sample is about two-thirds silt and clay (fine) particles and one-third sand (coarse) particles. The mean of the median size of all samples is 6.60 phi, or 0.010 millimeters. Sorting generally is poor and the average sediment is skewed toward the fine tail of the size-distribution curve. \r\n\r\nMean particle-size measures have large standard deviations. Among geomorphic units, two distinctly different size populations are found; fine (median phi about 9), and poorly sorted (sorting about 3) sediments in the channel and the smooth flat, and coarse (median phi about 2), and well sorted (sorting about 1) sediments in the shoreline flat and the irregular slope. Among mainstem hydrologic divisions, an average sediment from the river and the estuary division is coarser and more variable than an average sediment from the transition division. \r\n\r\nSubstantial concentrations of total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, and limited amounts of inorganic carbon, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen occur in tidal Potomac sediments. An average tidal Potomac sediment sample weighing 1 kilogram contains about 21,000 milligrams of total carbon, 2,400 milligrams of total nitrogen, 1,200 milligrams of total phosphorus, 600 milligrams of inorganic carbon, 170 milligrams of ammonia nitrogen, and 2 milligrams of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen. Total carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus have an average ratio by weight of 18:2:1 and an average ratio by atoms of 94:8:1. \r\n\r\nNutrient concentrations and nutrient ratios have large ranges and standard deviations. Nutrient concentrations usually are closely related to particle size; large concentrations are characteristic of fine sediments in the channel and the smooth flat, and small concentrations are typical of coarse sediments in the shoreline flat and the irregular slope. Concentrations typically decrease from the river division to the estuary division. \r\n\r\nMainstem and tributaries show no statistically significant difference in mean particle-size measures or mean nutrient concentrations. Tributaries do not contribute large quantities of sediment with diverse texture or nutrient content to the Potomac mainstem. Particle-size measures and nutrient concentrations in the mainstem are significantly related to hydrologic divisions and geomorphic units; that is, particle size and nutrients vary significantly along and across the Potomac mainstem. Lateral variations in particle size and nutrient content are more pronounced and contribute more to significant relations than longitudinal variations contribute. \r\n\r\nThe mean values for the median particle size and for the percentage of sand indicate significant variations among hydrologic divisions for samples from a geomorphic unit, and among geomorphic units, for samples from a hydrologic division. Sediments of channels and smooth flats in the river division commonly are coarser than sediments of channels and smooth flats in the transition and the estuary divisions. Shoreline flats in the estuary division are coarser than shoreline flats in the river division. Shoreline flats and irregular slopes in each hydrologic division generally are significantly coarser than channels and smooth flats. Relations between particle-size measures and geomorphic units show progressively larger cor","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2234F","usgsCitation":"Glenn, J.L., 1988, Bottom sediments and nutrients in the tidal Potomac system, Maryland and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2234, viii, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2234F.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26763,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, Jerry L.","contributorId":54969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12373,"text":"ofr88100 - 1988 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas– Fiscal year 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T21:01:27.335323","indexId":"ofr88100","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-100","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas– Fiscal year 1987","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1879, to provide a permanent Federal agency to conduct the systematic and scientific classification of the public lands and to examine the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of national domain. An integral part of that original mission includes publishing and disseminating the earth science information needed to understand, to plan the use of, and to manage the Nation's energy, land, mineral, and water resources.</p>\n<p>Since 1879, the research and fact-finding role of the USGS has grown and been modified to meet the changing needs of the Nation it serves. As part of that evolution, the USGS has become the Federal Government's largest earthscience research agency, the Nation's largest civilian mapmaking agency, the primary source of data on the Nation's surface- and ground-water resources, and the employer of the largest number of professional earth scientists. Today's programs serve a diversity of needs and users. Programs include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conducting detailed assessments of the energy and mineral potential of the Nation's land and offshore areas.</li>\n<li>Investigating and issuing warnings of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and other geologic and hydrologic hazards.</li>\n<li>Conducting research on the geologic structure of the Nation.</li>\n<li>Studying the geologic features, structure, processes, and history of the other planets of our solar system.</li>\n<li>Conducting topographic surveys of the Nation and preparing topographic and thematic maps and related cartographic products.</li>\n<li>Developing and producing digital cartographic data bases and products.</li>\n<li>Collecting data on a routine basis to determine the quantity, quality, and use of surface and ground water.</li>\n<li>Conducting water-resources appraisals in order to describe the consequences of alternative plans for developing land and water resources.</li>\n<li>Conducting research in hydraulics and hydrology and coordinating all Federal water-data acquisition.</li>\n<li>Using remotely sensed data to develop new cartographic, geologic, and hydrologic research techniques for natural resources planning and management.</li>\n<li>Providing earth-science information through an extensive publications program and a network of public access points.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Along with its continuing commitment to meet the growing and changing earthscience information needs of the Nation, the USGS remains dedicated to its original mission to collect, analyze, interpret, publish, and disseminate information about the natural resources of the Nation providing \"earth science in the public service.\"</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr88100","usgsCitation":"1988, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas– Fiscal year 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-100, Report: v, 92 p.; 1 Plate: 18.80 x 17.91 inches, 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,{"id":12667,"text":"ofr87679 - 1988 - Geophysical logs and hydrologic data for eight wells in the Coyote Spring Valley area, Clark and Lincoln counties, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:32","indexId":"ofr87679","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-679","title":"Geophysical logs and hydrologic data for eight wells in the Coyote Spring Valley area, Clark and Lincoln counties, Nevada","docAbstract":"Geophysical logs, drilling operations, pump-test data, and water quality determinations are presented for eight wells in the Coyote Spring Valley area of southeastern Nevada. The wells are in an area where thick units of Paleozoic carbonate rock are overlain by Tertiary semiconsolidated basin-fill deposits and Quaternary alluvial deposits. Data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey were augmented with data from previous investigations; however, complete sets of logs and other data are not available for all eight wells. Geophysical data presented included natural-gamma, neutron, gamma-gamma density, caliper, temperature, acoustic, single-point resistance, long- and short-natural resistivity, and spontaneous-potential logs. Drilling penetration rates, lithologic columns, and well construction are also summarized and presented. Measurements of drawdown and recovery during and after constant-discharge pumping periods are also included. Also presented are results of chemical and physical analyses for major-ion chemistry, trace constituents, stable and radioactive isotopes, temperature, pH, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87679","usgsCitation":"Berger, D., Kilroy, K., and Schaefer, D.H., 1988, Geophysical logs and hydrologic data for eight wells in the Coyote Spring Valley area, Clark and Lincoln counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-679, vii, 58 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87679.","productDescription":"vii, 58 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0679/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41075,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0679/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8602","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, D.L.","contributorId":106904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilroy, K. C.","contributorId":49795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilroy","given":"K. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaefer, D. H.","contributorId":84763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":14152,"text":"ofr88193 - 1988 - Results of qualification tests on water-level sensing instruments, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:43","indexId":"ofr88193","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-193","title":"Results of qualification tests on water-level sensing instruments, 1986","docAbstract":"This report presents to users of hydrological instrumentation and U.S. Geological Survey procurement personnel a list of instruments that have met or exceeded the Survey 's minimum performance requirements for water level sensing instruments. The Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility at the National Space Technology Laboratories, Mississippi conducted qualification tests on four instrument systems. The data collected are summarized, brief system descriptions are given, qualification testing purposes and procedures are summarized, and results are given for each of the three systems that met performance requirements. The fourth system was returned to the manufacturer , because in preliminary testing the instrument system did not perform properly according to the manufacturer 's operating procedures. As a result of the qualification tests, the three systems that met performance requirements have been included on the Survey 's Qualified Products List. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88193","usgsCitation":"Holland, R.R., and Rapp, D.H., 1988, Results of qualification tests on water-level sensing instruments, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-193, iv, 34 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88193.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0193/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42800,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0193/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, Randolph R.","contributorId":16418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rapp, Donald H.","contributorId":69562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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