{"pageNumber":"494","pageRowStart":"12325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70162405,"text":"70162405 - 2016 - An overview of current applications, challenges, and future trends in distributed process-based models in hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T08:56:09","indexId":"70162405","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-04T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An overview of current applications, challenges, and future trends in distributed process-based models in hydrology","docAbstract":"<p><span>Process-based hydrological models have a long history dating back to the 1960s. Criticized by some as over-parameterized, overly complex, and difficult to use, a more nuanced view is that these tools are necessary in many situations and, in a certain class of problems, they are the most appropriate type of hydrological model. This is especially the case in situations where knowledge of flow paths or distributed state variables and/or preservation of physical constraints is important. Examples of this include: spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture, groundwater flow and runoff generation, sediment and contaminant transport, or when feedbacks among various Earth&rsquo;s system processes or understanding the impacts of climate non-stationarity are of primary concern. These are situations where process-based models excel and other models are unverifiable. This article presents this pragmatic view in the context of existing literature to justify the approach where applicable and necessary. We review how improvements in data availability, computational resources and algorithms have made detailed hydrological simulations a reality. Avenues for the future of process-based hydrological models are presented suggesting their use as virtual laboratories, for design purposes, and with a powerful treatment of uncertainty.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.026","usgsCitation":"Fatichi, S., Vivoni, E.R., Odgen, F.L., Ivanov, V.Y., Mirus, B.B., Gochis, D., Downer, C.W., Camporese, M., Davison, J.H., Ebel, B.A., Jones, N., Kim, J., Mascaro, G., Niswonger, R.G., Restrepo, P., Rigon, R., Shen, C., Sulis, M., and Tarboton, D., 2016, An overview of current applications, challenges, and future trends in distributed process-based models in hydrology: Journal of Hydrology, v. 537, p. 45-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.026.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072365","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science 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R.","contributorId":139052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vivoni","given":"Enrique","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12634,"text":"School of Earth and Space Exploration and School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Odgen, Fred L","contributorId":152453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Odgen","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":6656,"text":"University of Wyoming, Renewable Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ivanov, Valeriy Y","contributorId":152454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivanov","given":"Valeriy","email":"","middleInitial":"Y","affiliations":[{"id":6649,"text":"University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B. 0000-0001-5550-014X bbmirus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-014X","contributorId":4064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbmirus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gochis, David","contributorId":152455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gochis","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6648,"text":"National Center for Atmospheric 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,{"id":70168454,"text":"70168454 - 2016 - Tidal hydrodynamics under future sea level rise and coastal morphology in the Northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T20:16:50.967348","indexId":"70168454","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5053,"text":"Earth's Future","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidal hydrodynamics under future sea level rise and coastal morphology in the Northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study examines the integrated influence of sea level rise (SLR) and future morphology on tidal hydrodynamics along the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) coast including seven embayments and three ecologically and economically significant estuaries. A large-domain hydrodynamic model was used to simulate astronomic tides for present and future conditions (circa 2050 and 2100). Future conditions were simulated by imposing four SLR scenarios to alter hydrodynamic boundary conditions and updating shoreline position and dune heights using a probabilistic model that is coupled to SLR. Under the highest SLR scenario, tidal amplitudes within the bays increased as much as 67% (10.0 cm) because of increases in the inlet cross-sectional area. Changes in harmonic constituent phases indicated that tidal propagation was faster in the future scenarios within most of the bays. Maximum tidal velocities increased in all of the bays, especially in Grand Bay where velocities doubled under the highest SLR scenario. In addition, the ratio of the maximum flood to maximum ebb velocity decreased in the future scenarios (i.e., currents became more ebb dominant) by as much as 26% and 39% in Weeks Bay and Apalachicola, respectively. In Grand Bay, the flood-ebb ratio increased (i.e., currents became more flood dominant) by 25% under the lower SLR scenarios, but decreased by 16% under the higher SLR as a result of the offshore barrier islands being overtopped, which altered the tidal prism. Results from this study can inform future storm surge and ecological assessments of SLR, and improve monitoring and management decisions within the NGOM.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015EF000332","usgsCitation":"Passeri, D., Hagen, S.C., Plant, N.G., Bilskie, M.V., Medeiros, S.C., and Alizad, K., 2016, Tidal hydrodynamics under future sea level rise and coastal morphology in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Earth's Future, v. 4, no. 5, p. 159-176, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015EF000332.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"176","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070344","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015ef000332","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Louisiana","city":"Apalachicola","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola Bay, Chandeleur Islands, Choctawatchee Bay, Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi Sound, Mobile Bay, Pensacola Bay, Perdido Bay, St. Andrew Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.923095703125,\n              27.537500308359462\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.627685546875,\n              27.537500308359462\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.627685546875,\n              30.458144351018078\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.923095703125,\n              30.458144351018078\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.923095703125,\n              27.537500308359462\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913ece4b07657d19ff29c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Passeri, Davina 0000-0002-9760-3195 dpasseri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9760-3195","contributorId":166889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passeri","given":"Davina","email":"dpasseri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagen, Scott C.","contributorId":166890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagen","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16154,"text":"LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bilskie, Matthew V.","contributorId":166891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bilskie","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":16154,"text":"LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Medeiros, Stephen C.","contributorId":166892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Medeiros","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24567,"text":"UCF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alizad, Karim","contributorId":166893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alizad","given":"Karim","affiliations":[{"id":24567,"text":"UCF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70169099,"text":"70169099 - 2016 - Movement and survival of an amphibian in relation to sediment and culvert design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T08:11:41","indexId":"70169099","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-02T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement and survival of an amphibian in relation to sediment and culvert design","docAbstract":"<p><span>Habitat disturbance from stream culverts can affect aquatic organisms by increasing sedimentation or forming barriers to movement. Land managers are replacing many culverts to reduce these negative effects, primarily for stream fishes. However, these management actions are likely to have broad implications for many organisms, including amphibians in small streams. To assess the effects of culverts on movement and survival of the Idaho giant salamander (</span><i>Dicamptodon aterrimus</i><span>), we used capture-mark-recapture surveys and measured sediment in streams with 2 culvert types (i.e., unimproved culverts, improved culverts) and in streams without culverts (i.e., reference streams). We predicted culverts would increase stream sediment levels, limit movement, and reduce survival of Idaho giant salamanders. We also determined the effect of sediment levels on survival of salamanders because although sediment is often associated with distribution and abundance of stream amphibians, links with vital rates remain unclear. To estimate survival, we used a spatial Cormack&ndash;Jolly&ndash;Seber (CJS) model that explicitly incorporated information on movement, eliminating bias in apparent survival estimated from traditional (i.e., non-spatial) CJS models caused by permanent emigration beyond the study area. To demonstrate the importance of using spatial data in studies of wildlife populations, we compared estimates from the spatial CJS to estimates of apparent survival from a traditional CJS model. Although high levels of sediment reduced survival of salamanders, culvert type was unrelated to sediment levels or true survival of salamanders. Across all streams, we documented only 15 movement events between study reaches. All movement events were downstream, and they occurred disproportionately in 1 stream, which precluded measuring the effect of culvert design on movement. Although movement was low overall, the variance among streams was high enough to bias estimates of apparent survival compared to true survival. Our results suggest that where sedimentation occurs from roads and culverts, survival of the Idaho giant salamander could be reduced. Though culverts clearly do not completely block downstream movements of Idaho giant salamanders, the degree to which culvert improvements affect movements under roads in comparison to unimproved culverts remains unclear, especially for rare, but potentially important, upstream movements.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.1056","usgsCitation":"Honeycutt, R., Lowe, W., and Hossack, B.R., 2016, Movement and survival of an amphibian in relation to sediment and culvert design: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 4, p. 761-770, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1056.","startPage":"761","endPage":"770","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065843","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.510009765625,\n              45.75219336063106\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.510009765625,\n              48.125767833701666\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.97766113281249,\n              48.125767833701666\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.97766113281249,\n              45.75219336063106\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.510009765625,\n              45.75219336063106\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57496fb1e4b07e28b665cc7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Honeycutt, R.K","contributorId":167621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Honeycutt","given":"R.K","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24785,"text":"Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, 32 Campus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowe, W.H.","contributorId":91961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70202369,"text":"70202369 - 2016 - Managing nutrients, water, and energy for producing more food with low pollution (MoFoLoPo); What would success look like?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-26T14:56:18","indexId":"70202369","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T14:56:09","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1532,"text":"Environmental Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing nutrients, water, and energy for producing more food with low pollution (MoFoLoPo); What would success look like?","docAbstract":"Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer has enabled modern agriculture to greatly improve human nutrition during the 20th century, but it has also created unintended human health and environmental pollution challenges for the 21st century. Averaged globally, about half of the fertilizer N applied to farms is removed with the crops, while the other half remains in the soil or is lost from farmers’ fields, resulting in water and air pollution. As human population continues to grow and food security improves in the developing world, the dual development goals of producing more nutritious food with low pollution will require both technological and socio-economic innovations in agriculture.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envdev.2016.03.002","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., 2016, Managing nutrients, water, and energy for producing more food with low pollution (MoFoLoPo); What would success look like?: Environmental Development, v. 18, p. 52-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2016.03.002.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-073940","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170956,"text":"70170956 - 2016 - Informing Lake Erie agriculture nutrient management via scenario evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T15:08:58","indexId":"70170956","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T07:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Informing Lake Erie agriculture nutrient management via scenario evaluation","docAbstract":"<p>Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been increasing in extent and intensity in the western basin of Lake Erie. The cyanobacteria <i>Microcystis</i> produces toxins that pose serious threats to animal and human health, resulting in beach closures and impaired water supplies, and have even forced a &ldquo;do not drink&rdquo; advisory for the City of Toledo water system for several days in the summer of 2014. The main driver of Lake Erie HABs is elevated phosphorus loading from watersheds draining to the western basin, particularly from the Maumee River watershed (Obenour et al. 2014). Through the 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA), the U.S. and Canadian governments agreed to revise Lake Erie phosphorus loading targets to decrease HAB severity below levels representing a hazard to ecosystem and human health. New targets limit March-July loadings from the Maumee River to 186 metric tonnes of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and 860 metric tonnes of total phosphorus (TP) &ndash; a 40% reduction from 2008 loads (GLWQA 2016).</p>\n<p>The Great Lakes region must now determine what policy options are most effective and feasible for meeting those targets. While all sources are important, our focus is on agriculture because it overwhelms other sources. In a conservative ballpark estimate we found that 85% of the Maumee River&rsquo;s load to Lake Erie comes from farm fertilizers and manures, even though this is only 10% of farmland fertilizer applications (Figure 1). Load targets will not be met without reductions from agriculture.</p>\n<p>Therefore, the overall goal of this study was to identify potential options for agricultural management to reduce phosphorus loads and lessen future HABs in Lake Erie. We applied multiple watershed models to test the ability of a series of land management scenarios, developed in consultation with agricultural and environmental stakeholders, to reach the proposed targets.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Michigan Water Center","usgsCitation":"Scavia, D., Kalcic, M., Muenich, R.L., Aloysius, N., Arnold, J., Boles, C., Confesor, R., DePinto, J., Gildow, M., Martin, J., Read, J., Redder, T., Robertson, D.M., Sowa, S.P., Wang, Y., White, M., and Yen, H., 2016, Informing Lake Erie agriculture nutrient management via scenario evaluation, 79 p.","productDescription":"79 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074926","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321515,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321514,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sowa, Scott P. 0000-0002-5425-2591 sowasp@missouri.edu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5425-2591","contributorId":146672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sowa","given":"Scott","email":"sowasp@missouri.edu","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wang, Yu-Chen","contributorId":169563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Yu-Chen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33091,"text":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"White, Michael","contributorId":169565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Yen, Haw 0000-0002-5509-8792","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5509-8792","contributorId":169564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yen","given":"Haw","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70178855,"text":"70178855 - 2016 - Landscape composition creates a threshold influencing Lesser Prairie-Chicken population resilience to extreme drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T14:05:54","indexId":"70178855","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape composition creates a threshold influencing Lesser Prairie-Chicken population resilience to extreme drought","docAbstract":"<p><span>Habitat loss and degradation compound the effects of climate change on wildlife, yet responses to climate and land cover change are often quantified independently. The interaction between climate and land cover change could be intensified in the Great Plains region where grasslands are being converted to row-crop agriculture concurrent with increased frequency of extreme drought events. We quantified the combined effects of land cover and climate change on a species of conservation concern in the Great Plains, the Lesser Prairie-Chicken (</span><i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus &nbsp;</i><span>). We combined extreme drought events and land cover change with lek count surveys in a Bayesian hierarchical model to quantify changes in abundance of male Lesser Prairie-Chickens from 1978 to 2014 in Kansas, the core of their species range. Our estimates of abundance indicate a gradually decreasing population through 2010 corresponding to drought events and reduced grassland areas. Decreases in Lesser Prairie-Chicken abundance were greatest in areas with increasing row-crop to grassland land cover ratio during extreme drought events, and decreased grassland reduces the resilience of Lesser Prairie-Chicken populations to extreme drought events. A threshold exists for Lesser Prairie-Chickens in response to the gradient of cropland:grassland land cover. When moving across the gradient of grassland to cropland, abundance initially increased in response to more cropland on the landscape, but declined in response to more cropland after the threshold (</span><span id=\"mmlsi3\" class=\"mathmlsrc\"><span class=\"formulatext stixSupport mathImg\" title=\"Click to view the MathML source\" data-mathurl=\"/science?_ob=MathURL&amp;_method=retrieve&amp;_eid=1-s2.0-S2351989416300051&amp;_mathId=si3.gif&amp;_user=111111111&amp;_pii=S2351989416300051&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_issn=23519894&amp;md5=5ec95fb9b82b4b76d6589c2cd72303d4\">δ=0.096</span></span><span>, or 9.6% cropland). Preservation of intact grasslands and continued implementation of initiatives to revert cropland to grassland should increase Lesser Prairie-Chicken resilience to extreme drought events due to climate change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2016.03.003","usgsCitation":"Ross, B., Haukos, D.A., Hagen, C.A., and Pitman, J.C., 2016, Landscape composition creates a threshold influencing Lesser Prairie-Chicken population resilience to extreme drought: Global Ecology and Conservation, v. 6, p. 179-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2016.03.003.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"188","ipdsId":"IP-071351","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2016.03.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.0465087890625,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.0465087890625,\n              39.198205348894795\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.69018554687499,\n              39.198205348894795\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.69018554687499,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.0465087890625,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dfe4b077fc20250e14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Beth E.","contributorId":56124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Beth E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagen, Christian A.","contributorId":107574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagen","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitman, James C.","contributorId":40529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70188443,"text":"70188443 - 2016 - A multiagency and multijurisdictional approach to mapping the glacial deposits of the Great Lakes region in three dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-09T13:48:14","indexId":"70188443","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiagency and multijurisdictional approach to mapping the glacial deposits of the Great Lakes region in three dimensions","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Great Lakes Geologic Mapping Coalition (GLGMC), consisting of state geological surveys from all eight Great Lakes states, the Ontario Geological Survey, and the U.S. Geological Survey, was conceived out of a societal need for unbiased and scientifically defensible geologic information on the shallow subsurface, particularly the delineation, interpretation, and viability of groundwater resources. Only a small percentage (&lt;10%) of the region had been mapped in the subsurface, and there was recognition that no single agency had the financial, intellectual, or physical resources to conduct such a massive geologic mapping effort at a detailed scale over a wide jurisdiction. The GLGMC provides a strategy for generating financial and stakeholder support for three-dimensional (3-D) geologic mapping, pooling of physical and personnel resources, and sharing of mapping and technological expertise to characterize the thick cover of glacial sediments. Since its inception in 1997, the GLGMC partners have conducted detailed surficial and 3-D geologic mapping within all jurisdictions, and concurrent significant scientific advancements have been made to increase understanding of the history and framework of geologic processes. More importantly, scientific information has been provided to public policymakers in understandable formats, emphasis has been placed on training early-career scientists in new mapping techniques and emerging technologies, and a successful model has been developed of state/provincial and federal collaboration focused on geologic mapping, as evidenced by this program's unprecedented and long-term successful experiment of 10 geological surveys working together to address common issues.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2016.2520(37)","usgsCitation":"Berg, R.C., Brown, S.E., Thomason, J.F., Hasenmueller, N.R., Letsinger, S.L., Kincare, K.A., Esch, J.M., Kehew, A.E., Thorleifson, H., Kozlowski, A., Bird, B.C., Pavey, R.R., Bajc, A.F., Burt, A.K., Fleeger, G.M., and Carson, E.C., 2016, A multiagency and multijurisdictional approach to mapping the glacial deposits of the Great Lakes region in three dimensions: GSA Special Papers, v. 520, p. 415-447, https://doi.org/10.1130/2016.2520(37).","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"447","ipdsId":"IP-061912","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"520","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593bb3a4e4b0764e6c60e7c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berg, Richard C.","contributorId":192821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berg","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Steven E.","contributorId":192822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomason, Jason F.","contributorId":192823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomason","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hasenmueller, Nancy R.","contributorId":192824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hasenmueller","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Letsinger, Sally L.","contributorId":192825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Letsinger","given":"Sally","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kincare, Kevin A. 0000-0002-1050-3627 kkincare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1050-3627","contributorId":2106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kincare","given":"Kevin","email":"kkincare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Esch, John M.","contributorId":192826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Esch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kehew, Alan E.","contributorId":192827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kehew","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thorleifson, Harvey 0000-0001-7160-255X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-255X","contributorId":192828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorleifson","given":"Harvey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38105,"text":"Minnesota Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kozlowski, Andrew","contributorId":192829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kozlowski","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bird, Brian C.","contributorId":192830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pavey, Richard R.","contributorId":192831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pavey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bajc, Andy F.","contributorId":192832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bajc","given":"Andy","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Burt, Abigail K.","contributorId":192833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burt","given":"Abigail","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Fleeger, Gary M.","contributorId":192834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleeger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Carson, Eric C.","contributorId":192835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carson","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70160859,"text":"70160859 - 2016 - Seismic site characterization of an urban dedimentary basin, Livermore Valley, California:  Site tesponse, basin-edge-induced surface waves, and 3D simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T11:05:08","indexId":"70160859","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic site characterization of an urban dedimentary basin, Livermore Valley, California:  Site tesponse, basin-edge-induced surface waves, and 3D simulations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thirty‐two accelerometers were deployed in the Livermore Valley, California, for approximately one year to study sedimentary basin effects. Many local and near‐regional earthquakes were recorded, including the 24 August 2014&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;6.0 Napa, California, earthquake. The resulting ground‐motion data set is used to quantify the seismic response of the Livermore basin, a major structural depression in the California Coast Range Province bounded by active faults. Site response is calculated by two methods: the reference‐site spectral ratio method and a source‐site spectral inversion method. Longer‐period (&ge;1&thinsp;&thinsp;s) amplification factors follow the same general pattern as Bouguer gravity anomaly contours. Site response spectra are inverted for shallow shear‐wave velocity profiles, which are consistent with independent information. Frequency&ndash;wavenumber analysis is used to analyze plane‐wave propagation across the Livermore Valley and to identify basin‐edge‐induced surface waves with back azimuths different from the source back azimuth. Finite‐element simulations in a 3D velocity model of the region illustrate the generation of basin‐edge‐induced surface waves and point out strips of elevated ground velocities along the margins of the basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150289","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S.H., Leeds, A.L., Ramirez-Guzman, L., Allen, J.P., and Schmitt, R.G., 2016, Seismic site characterization of an urban dedimentary basin, Livermore Valley, California:  Site tesponse, basin-edge-induced surface waves, and 3D simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 2, p. 609-631, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150289.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"631","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071579","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2c6e4b07dd077c6aa3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leeds, Alena L. 0000-0002-8756-3687 aleeds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-3687","contributorId":4077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeds","given":"Alena","email":"aleeds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo","contributorId":151026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez-Guzman","given":"Leonardo","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, James P. jallen@usgs.gov","contributorId":4797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"James","email":"jallen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmitt, Robert G. 0000-0001-8060-1954 rschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-1954","contributorId":5611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Robert","email":"rschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70184450,"text":"70184450 - 2016 - RMT focal plane sensitivity to seismic network geometry and faulting style","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T11:35:11","indexId":"70184450","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"RMT focal plane sensitivity to seismic network geometry and faulting style","docAbstract":"<p><span>Modern tectonic studies often use regional moment tensors (RMTs) to interpret the seismotectonic framework of an earthquake or earthquake sequence; however, despite extensive use, little existing work addresses RMT parameter uncertainty. Here, we quantify how network geometry and faulting style affect RMT sensitivity. We examine how data-model fits change with fault plane geometry (strike and dip) for varying station configurations. We calculate the relative data fit for incrementally varying geometries about a best-fitting solution, applying our workflow to real and synthetic seismograms for both real and hypothetical station distributions and earthquakes. Initially, we conduct purely observational tests, computing RMTs from synthetic seismograms for hypothetical earthquakes and a series of well-behaved network geometries. We then incorporate real data and station distributions from the International Maule Aftershock Deployment (IMAD), which recorded aftershocks of the 2010 </span><i>M</i><sub>W</sub><span> 8.8 Maule earthquake, and a set of regional stations capturing the ongoing earthquake sequence in Oklahoma and southern Kansas. We consider RMTs computed under three scenarios: (1) real seismic records selected for high data quality; (2) synthetic seismic records with noise computed for the observed source-station pairings and (3) synthetic seismic records with noise computed for all possible station-source pairings. To assess RMT sensitivity for each test, we observe the ‘fit falloff’, which portrays how relative fit changes when strike or dip varies incrementally; we then derive the ranges of acceptable strikes and dips by identifying the span of solutions with relative fits larger than 90 per cent of the best fit. For the azimuthally incomplete IMAD network, Scenario 3 best constrains fault geometry, with average ranges of 45° and 31° for strike and dip, respectively. In Oklahoma, Scenario 3 best constrains fault dip with an average range of 46°; however, strike is best constrained by Scenario 1, with a range of 26°. We draw two main conclusions from this study. (1) Station distribution impacts our ability to constrain RMTs using waveform time-series; however, in some tectonic settings, faulting style also plays a significant role and (2) increasing station density and data quantity (both the number of stations and the number of individual channels) does not necessarily improve RMT constraint. These results may be useful when organizing future seismic deployments (e.g. by concentrating stations in alignment with anticipated nodal planes), and in computing RMTs, either by guiding a more rigorous data selection process for input data or informing variable weighting among the selected data (e.g. by eliminating the transverse component when strike-slip mechanisms are expected).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggw141","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K.L., Hayes, G.P., Herrmann, R., Benz, H.M., McNamara, D.E., and Bergman, E.A., 2016, RMT focal plane sensitivity to seismic network geometry and faulting style: Geophysical Journal International, v. 206, no. 1, p. 525-556, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw141.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"556","ipdsId":"IP-075457","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw141","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"206","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277dce4b014cc3a3e76d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Kendra L. kljohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kendra","email":"kljohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112 ghayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":147556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin","email":"ghayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herrmann, Robert B.","contributorId":80255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bergman, Eric A. 0000-0002-7069-8286","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-8286","contributorId":84513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70169125,"text":"70169125 - 2016 - Growth, survival, longevity, and population size of the Big Mouth Cave salamander (<i>Gyrinophilus palleucus necturoides</i>) from the type locality in Grundy County, Tennessee, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T10:12:12","indexId":"70169125","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth, survival, longevity, and population size of the Big Mouth Cave salamander (<i>Gyrinophilus palleucus necturoides</i>) from the type locality in Grundy County, Tennessee, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Salamander species that live entirely in subterranean habitats have evolved adaptations that allow them to cope with perpetual darkness and limited energy resources. We conducted a 26-month mark&ndash;recapture study to better understand the individual growth and demography of a population of the Big Mouth Cave Salamander (</span><i>Gyrinophilus palleucus necturoides</i><span>). We employed a growth model to estimate growth rates, age at sexual maturity, and longevity, and an open population model to estimate population size, density, detectability, and survival rates. Furthermore, we examined cover use and evidence of potential predation. Individuals probably reach sexual maturity in 3&ndash;5 years and live at least nine years. Survival rates were generally high (&gt;75%) but declined during the study. More than 30% of captured salamanders had regenerating tails or tail damage, which presumably represent predation attempts by conspecifics or crayfishes. Most salamanders (&gt;90%) were found under cover (e.g., rocks, trash, decaying plant material). Based on 11 surveys during the study, population size estimates ranged from 21 to 104 individuals in the ca. 710 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;study area. Previous surveys indicated that this population experienced a significant decline from the early 1970s through the 1990s, perhaps related to silvicultural and agricultural practices. However, our data suggest that this population has either recovered or stabilized during the past 20 years. Differences in relative abundance between early surveys and our survey could be associated with differences in survey methods or sampling conditions rather than an increase in population size. Regardless, our study demonstrates that this population is larger than previously thought and is in no immediate risk of extirpation, though it does appear to exhibit higher rates of predation than expected for a species believed to be an apex predator of subterranean food webs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/OT-14-197","usgsCitation":"Niemiller, M.L., Glorioso, B.M., Fenolio, D.B., Reynolds, R.G., Taylor, S.J., and Miller, B.T., 2016, Growth, survival, longevity, and population size of the Big Mouth Cave salamander (<i>Gyrinophilus palleucus necturoides</i>) from the type locality in Grundy County, Tennessee, USA: Copeia, v. 104, no. 1, p. 35-41, https://doi.org/10.1643/OT-14-197.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060758","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Grundy County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.601,35.5316],[-85.5768,35.5129],[-85.5543,35.4983],[-85.5458,35.4942],[-85.5368,35.4873],[-85.5415,35.4615],[-85.536,35.4315],[-85.5203,35.4219],[-85.5118,35.4228],[-85.5131,35.4078],[-85.4854,35.4063],[-85.4911,35.3996],[-85.4945,35.3955],[-85.4957,35.3937],[-85.4946,35.3869],[-85.489,35.3837],[-85.4952,35.3805],[-85.5003,35.3737],[-85.5037,35.3687],[-85.5032,35.3656],[-85.5072,35.3592],[-85.5145,35.3538],[-85.5174,35.3529],[-85.5264,35.3484],[-85.5281,35.3439],[-85.536,35.3444],[-85.5434,35.3412],[-85.5587,35.3195],[-85.6444,35.3021],[-85.6506,35.3039],[-85.6557,35.3062],[-85.6602,35.303],[-85.6636,35.3012],[-85.6692,35.3008],[-85.6738,35.2981],[-85.6743,35.2931],[-85.6868,35.2886],[-85.6952,35.2895],[-85.7008,35.2913],[-85.7059,35.2918],[-85.7093,35.2891],[-85.6937,35.2396],[-85.74,35.2152],[-85.7715,35.2184],[-85.7855,35.223],[-85.8221,35.2426],[-85.8401,35.2376],[-85.8581,35.2308],[-85.8728,35.2236],[-85.8896,35.2517],[-85.907,35.2753],[-85.9138,35.289],[-85.9076,35.2976],[-85.9087,35.3021],[-85.9076,35.3067],[-85.9047,35.3103],[-85.9042,35.3158],[-85.9008,35.3176],[-85.9014,35.3221],[-85.9047,35.3235],[-85.903,35.3257],[-85.9025,35.3275],[-85.9025,35.3316],[-85.881,35.3489],[-85.8804,35.3607],[-85.8748,35.3688],[-85.8731,35.3711],[-85.8697,35.3806],[-85.886,35.382],[-85.8843,35.3929],[-85.8888,35.4419],[-85.8853,35.4905],[-85.8842,35.4918],[-85.8791,35.4918],[-85.8763,35.5073],[-85.883,35.5077],[-85.8796,35.5127],[-85.8825,35.5168],[-85.8768,35.524],[-85.8644,35.5222],[-85.8576,35.5204],[-85.8327,35.5154],[-85.8175,35.5135],[-85.7542,35.5243],[-85.6971,35.5292],[-85.601,35.5316]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Grundy\",\"state\":\"TN\"}}]}","volume":"104","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb0e4b07657d1a90ccf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niemiller, Matthew L.","contributorId":167679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niemiller","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24804,"text":"Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glorioso, Brad M. 0000-0002-5400-7414 gloriosob@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5400-7414","contributorId":4241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glorioso","given":"Brad","email":"gloriosob@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenolio, Dante B.","contributorId":167680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenolio","given":"Dante","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24805,"text":"Department of Conservation and Research, San Antonio Zoo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reynolds, R. Graham","contributorId":167681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Graham","affiliations":[{"id":24806,"text":"Joint Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard University and the University of Massachusetts Boston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Steven J.","contributorId":167682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24804,"text":"Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Brian T.","contributorId":167683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":24807,"text":"Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70189237,"text":"70189237 - 2016 - Evidence for partial melt in the crust beneath Mt. Paektu (Changbaishan), Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T13:21:12","indexId":"70189237","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for partial melt in the crust beneath Mt. Paektu (Changbaishan), Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and China","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mt. Paektu (also known as Changbaishan) is an enigmatic volcano on the border between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and China. Despite being responsible for one of the largest eruptions in history, comparatively little is known about its magmatic evolution, geochronology, or underlying structure. We present receiver function results from an unprecedented seismic deployment in the DPRK. These are the first estimates of the crustal structure on the DPRK side of the volcano and, indeed, for anywhere beneath the DPRK. The crust 60 km from the volcano has a thickness of 35 km and a bulk&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub>P</sub><span>/</span><i>V</i><sub>S</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of 1.76, similar to that of the Sino-Korean craton. The<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>V</i><sub>P</sub><span>/</span><i>V</i><sub>S</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>ratio increases ~20 km from the volcano, rising to &gt;1.87 directly beneath the volcano. This shows that a large region of the crust has been modified by magmatism associated with the volcanism. Such high values of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>V</i><sub>P</sub><span>/</span><i>V</i><sub>S</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>suggest that partial melt is present in the crust beneath Mt. Paektu. This region of melt represents a potential source for magmas erupted in the last few thousand years and may be associated with an episode of volcanic unrest observed between 2002 and 2005.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.1501513","usgsCitation":"Kyong-Song, R., Hammond, J., Chol-Nam, K., Hyok, K., Yong-Gun, Y., Gil-Jong, P., Chong-Song, R., Oppenheimer, C., Liu, K.W., Iacovino, K.D., and Kum-Ran, R., 2016, Evidence for partial melt in the crust beneath Mt. Paektu (Changbaishan), Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and China: Science Advances, v. 2, no. 4, e1501513; 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501513.","productDescription":"e1501513; 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-071512","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501513","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China,  Democratic People’s Republic of Korea","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Paektu","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              129,\n              41.8\n            ],\n            [\n              127.8,\n              41.8\n            ],\n            [\n              127.8,\n              42.2\n            ],\n            [\n              129,\n              42.2\n            ],\n            [\n              129,\n              41.8\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c3fe4b0d1f9f057e34c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kyong-Song, Ri","contributorId":194279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kyong-Song","given":"Ri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammond, James O. S.","contributorId":194280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammond","given":"James O. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chol-Nam, Ko","contributorId":194281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chol-Nam","given":"Ko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hyok, Kim","contributorId":194282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hyok","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yong-Gun, Yun","contributorId":194283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yong-Gun","given":"Yun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gil-Jong, Pak","contributorId":194284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gil-Jong","given":"Pak","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chong-Song, Ri","contributorId":194285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chong-Song","given":"Ri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oppenheimer, Clive","contributorId":174445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"Clive","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27136,"text":"University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liu, Kosima W.","contributorId":194287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Kosima","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Iacovino, Kayla D. kiacovino@usgs.gov","contributorId":5737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iacovino","given":"Kayla","email":"kiacovino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kum-Ran, Ryu","contributorId":194288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kum-Ran","given":"Ryu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70186184,"text":"70186184 - 2016 - Late Holocene expansion of Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Central Rocky Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T10:27:47","indexId":"70186184","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene expansion of Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Central Rocky Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"\"Aim: Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) experienced one of the most extensive and rapid post-glacial plant migrations in western North America. We used plant macrofossils from woodrat (Neotoma) middens to reconstruct its spread in the Central Rocky Mountains, identify other vegetation changes coinciding with P. ponderosa expansion at the same sites, and relate P. ponderosa migrational history to both its modern phylogeography and to a parallel expansion by Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma).\nLocation: Central Rocky Mountains, Wyoming and Montana, and Black Hills, Wyoming and South Dakota, USA.\nMethods: Plant macrofossils were analyzed in 90 middens collected at 14 widely separated sites in the northern part of the range of P. ponderosa var. scopulorum. Middens with and without P. ponderosa were 14C dated to pinpoint time of appearance at each site. Sensitivity experiments using a bioclimatic model were used to evaluate potential climatic drivers of late Holocene expansion.\nResults: P. ponderosa colonized the Black Hills region by at least 3850 yr BP (all ages given in calendar years before present).  It expanded into the eastern Bighorn Mountains of northern Wyoming by 2630 yr BP, quickly spreading north in the western Bighorns from 1400 to 1000 yr BP. Concurrent with the latter expansion, P. ponderosa spread c. ~350 km to the Little Belt and Big Belt Mountains in western Montana, establishing its northern limit and the modern introgression zone between var. scopulorum and var. ponderosa. Expansion in the Central Rockies of P. ponderosa involved two known haplotypes.\nMain conclusions: P. ponderosa expanded its range across large parts of northern Wyoming and central Montana during the late Holocene, probably in response to both northward and westward increases in summer temperature and rainfall. The underlying climatic driver may be the same as for the contemporaneous expansion of J. osteosperma, but will remain undetermined without focused development and integration of independent palaeoclimate records in the region.\"","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jbi.12670","usgsCitation":"Norris, J.R., Betancourt, J.L., and Jackson, S., 2016, Late Holocene expansion of Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Central Rocky Mountains, USA: Journal of Biogeography, v. 43, no. 4, p. 778-790, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12670.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"778","endPage":"790","ipdsId":"IP-065920","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338875,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jbi.12670/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, South Dakota, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Central Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              47.18971246448421\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.501953125,\n              47.21956811231547\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.2802734375,\n              49.06666839558117\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.86035156249999,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.541015625,\n              47.635783590864854\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.8486328125,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              36.80928470205937\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.93847656250001,\n              32.69486597787505\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.09277343749999,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.095703125,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.271484375,\n              36.94989178681327\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.162109375,\n              40.1452892956766\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.29394531249999,\n              47.07012182383309\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              47.18971246448421\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac1e4b02ff32c6aea3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, Jodi R.","contributorId":190196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norris","given":"Jodi","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T.","contributorId":127411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162313,"text":"70162313 - 2016 - Does urban sprawl hold down upward mobility?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T15:46:08","indexId":"70162313","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does urban sprawl hold down upward mobility?","docAbstract":"<p>Contrary to the general perception, the United States has a much more class-bound society than other wealthy countries. The chance of upward mobility for Americans is just half that of the citizens of the Denmark and many other European countries. In addition to other influences, the built environment may contribute to the low rate of upward mobility in the U.S. This study tests the relationship between urban sprawl and upward mobility for commuting zones in the U.S. We examine potential pathways through which sprawl may have an effect on mobility. We use structural equation modeling to account for both direct and indirect effects of sprawl on upward mobility. We find that upward mobility is significantly higher in compact areas than sprawling areas. The direct effect, which we attribute to better job accessibility in more compact commuting zones, is stronger than the indirect effects. Of the indirect effects, only one, through the mediating variable income segregation, is significant.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.012","collaboration":"Ewing, R. University of Utah; Shima Hamidi, University of Utah","usgsCitation":"Ewing, R., Hamidi, S., Grace, J.B., and Wei, Y., 2016, Does urban sprawl hold down upward mobility?: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 148, p. 80-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.012.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057604","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360bbe4b0b28f1183bbef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewing, R.","contributorId":69947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamidi, Shima","contributorId":30909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamidi","given":"Shima","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wei, Y.","contributorId":9502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70173645,"text":"70173645 - 2016 - Population size and stopover duration estimation using mark–resight data and Bayesian analysis of a superpopulation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-30T15:33:58.035111","indexId":"70173645","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population size and stopover duration estimation using mark–resight data and Bayesian analysis of a superpopulation model","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present a novel formulation of a mark&ndash;recapture&ndash;resight model that allows estimation of population size, stopover duration, and arrival and departure schedules at migration areas. Estimation is based on encounter histories of uniquely marked individuals and relative counts of marked and unmarked animals. We use a Bayesian analysis of a state&ndash;space formulation of the Jolly&ndash;Seber mark&ndash;recapture model, integrated with a binomial model for counts of unmarked animals, to derive estimates of population size and arrival and departure probabilities. We also provide a novel estimator for stopover duration that is derived from the latent state variable representing the interim between arrival and departure in the state&ndash;space model. We conduct a simulation study of field sampling protocols to understand the impact of superpopulation size, proportion marked, and number of animals sampled on bias and precision of estimates. Simulation results indicate that relative bias of estimates of the proportion of the population with marks was low for all sampling scenarios and never exceeded 2%. Our approach does not require enumeration of all unmarked animals detected or direct knowledge of the number of marked animals in the population at the time of the study. This provides flexibility and potential application in a variety of sampling situations (e.g., migratory birds, breeding seabirds, sea turtles, fish, pinnipeds, etc.). Application of the methods is demonstrated with data from a study of migratory sandpipers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The International Biometric Society","doi":"10.1111/biom.12393","usgsCitation":"Lyons, J., Kendall, W., Royle, J., Converse, S., Andres, B.A., and Buchanan, J.B., 2016, Population size and stopover duration estimation using mark–resight data and Bayesian analysis of a superpopulation model: Biometrics, v. 72, no. 1, p. 262-271, https://doi.org/10.1111/biom.12393.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"271","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044684","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323259,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57594221e4b04f417c256939","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, James E.","contributorId":35461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, William L. 0000-0003-0084-9891 wkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":166709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William L.","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":138865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J.","contributorId":85716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andres, Brad A.","contributorId":68811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andres","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buchanan, Joseph B.","contributorId":171532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70169003,"text":"70169003 - 2016 - Low soil moisture during hot periods drives apparent negative temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in a dryland ecosystem: A multi-model comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T19:08:24.558711","indexId":"70169003","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low soil moisture during hot periods drives apparent negative temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in a dryland ecosystem: A multi-model comparison","docAbstract":"<p><span>Arid and semiarid ecosystems (drylands) may dominate the trajectory of biosphere-to-atmosphere carbon (C) exchange, and understanding dryland CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;efflux is important for C cycling at the global-scale. However, unknowns remain regarding how temperature and moisture interact to regulate dryland soil respiration (</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub><i>s</i><span>&nbsp;</span></sub><span>), while ‘islands of fertility’ in drylands create spatially heterogeneous&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub><i>s</i><span>&nbsp;</span></sub><span>. At a site in southeastern Utah, USA we added or removed litter (0–650&nbsp;% of control) in plots associated with either shrubs or biological soil crust-dominated interspaces between vascular plants. We measured&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub><i>s</i><span>&nbsp;</span></sub><span>, soil temperature (T</span><sub>s</sub><span>), and water content (θ) repeatedly from October 2013 to November 2014.&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub><i>s</i><span>&nbsp;</span></sub><span>was highest following rain in late summer at T</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;~30&nbsp;°C, and lowest mid-summer at T</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;&gt; 40&nbsp;°C, resulting in apparent negative temperature sensitivity of&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub><i>s</i><span>&nbsp;</span></sub><span>at high temperatures, and positive temperature sensitivity at low-moderate temperatures. We used Bayesian statistical methods to compare models capturing a range of hypothesized relationships between T</span><sub>s</sub><span>, θ, and&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub><i>s</i><span>&nbsp;</span></sub><span>. The best model indicates that apparent negative temperature sensitivity of&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub><i>s</i><span>&nbsp;</span></sub><span>at high T</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;reflects the control of water content, not high temperatures. Modeled Q</span><sub>10</sub><span>&nbsp;ranged from 2.7 to 1.4 between 5 and 45&nbsp;°C. Litter addition had no effect on Q</span><sub>10</sub><span>&nbsp;or reference respiration (</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub><i>ref</i><span>&nbsp;</span></sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub><i>s</i><span>&nbsp;</span></sub><span>at 20&nbsp;°C and optimum θ) beneath shrubs, and little effect on&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub><i>ref</i><span>&nbsp;</span></sub><span>in interspaces, yet&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub><i>ref</i><span>&nbsp;</span></sub><span>was 1.5 times higher beneath shrubs than in interspaces. Altogether, these results suggest reduced&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub><i>s</i><span>&nbsp;</span></sub><span>often observed at high T</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;in drylands is dominated by the control of θ, and, on shorter-timescales, variable litter inputs exert minimal control over&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub><i>s</i><span>&nbsp;</span></sub><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-016-0200-1","usgsCitation":"Tucker, C., and Reed, S.C., 2016, Low soil moisture during hot periods drives apparent negative temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in a dryland ecosystem: A multi-model comparison: Biogeochemistry, v. 128, no. 1, p. 155-169, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-016-0200-1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070711","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500769e4b0ee97d51bb679","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucker, Colin 0000-0002-4539-7780 ctucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-7780","contributorId":167487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Colin","email":"ctucker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70168634,"text":"70168634 - 2016 - Increasing influence of air temperature on upper Colorado River streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:23:43","indexId":"70168634","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increasing influence of air temperature on upper Colorado River streamflow","docAbstract":"<p><span>This empirical study examines the influence of precipitation, temperature, and antecedent soil moisture on upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) water year streamflow over the past century. While cool season precipitation explains most of the variability in annual flows, temperature appears to be highly influential under certain conditions, with the role of antecedent fall soil moisture less clear. In both wet and dry years, when flow is substantially different than expected given precipitation, these factors can modulate the dominant precipitation influence on streamflow. Different combinations of temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture can result in flow deficits of similar magnitude, but recent droughts have been amplified by warmer temperatures that exacerbate the effects of relatively modest precipitation deficits. Since 1988, a marked increase in the frequency of warm years with lower flows than expected, given precipitation, suggests continued warming temperatures will be an increasingly important influence in reducing future UCRB water supplies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015GL067613","usgsCitation":"Woodhouse, C.A., Pederson, G.T., Morino, K., McAfee, S., and McCabe, G., 2016, Increasing influence of air temperature on upper Colorado River streamflow: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 5, p. 2174-2181, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067613.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2174","endPage":"2181","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069464","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl067613","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500767e4b0ee97d51bb659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodhouse, Connie A.","contributorId":187601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morino, Kiyomi","contributorId":78210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"Kiyomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McAfee, Stephanie A.","contributorId":167115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAfee","given":"Stephanie A.","affiliations":[{"id":24618,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":167116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":621080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70178117,"text":"70178117 - 2016 - Evaluation of six NEHRP B/C crustal amplification models proposed for use in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-03T11:20:58","indexId":"70178117","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of six NEHRP B/C crustal amplification models proposed for use in western North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>We evaluate six crustal amplification models based on National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) B/C crustal profiles proposed for use in western North America (WNA) and often used in other active crustal regions where crustal properties are unknown. One of the models is based on an interpolation of generic rock velocity profiles previously proposed for WNA and central and eastern North America (CENA), in conjunction with material densities based on an updated velocity–density relationship. A second model is based on the velocity profile used to develop amplification factors for the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)‐West2 project. A third model is based on a near‐surface velocity profile developed from the NGA‐West2 site database. A fourth model is based on velocity and density profiles originally proposed for use in CENA but recently used to represent crustal properties in California. We propose two alternatives to this latter model that more closely represent WNA crustal properties. We adopt a value of site attenuation (</span><i>κ</i><sub>0</sub><span>) for each model that is either recommended by the author of the model or proposed by us. Stochastic simulation is used to evaluate the Fourier amplification factors and their impact on response spectra associated with each model. Based on this evaluation, we conclude that among the available models evaluated in this study the NEHRP B/C amplification model of </span><span id=\"xref-ref-19-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\">Boore (2016)</span><span> best represents median crustal amplification in WNA, although the amplification models based on the crustal profiles of </span><span id=\"xref-ref-57-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\">Kamai <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> (2013</span><span>, 2016, unpublished manuscript, see </span><a id=\"xref-sec-9-1\" class=\"xref-sec\" href=\"http://www.bssaonline.org/content/106/2/673#sec-9\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.bssaonline.org/content/106/2/673#sec-9\">Data and Resources</a><span>) and </span><span id=\"xref-ref-81-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\">Yenier and Atkinson (2015)</span><span>, the latter adjusted to WNA crustal properties, can be used to represent epistemic uncertainty.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150242","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., and Campbell, K.W., 2016, Evaluation of six NEHRP B/C crustal amplification models proposed for use in western North America: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 2, p. 673-686, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150242.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"673","endPage":"686","ipdsId":"IP-069474","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc3e4b09688d6e90fbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David 0000-0002-8605-9673 boore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":140502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Kenneth W.","contributorId":74391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70193717,"text":"70193717 - 2016 - Volcano deformation source parameters estimated from InSAR: Sensitivities to uncertainties in seismic tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T17:35:45","indexId":"70193717","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano deformation source parameters estimated from InSAR: Sensitivities to uncertainties in seismic tomography","docAbstract":"<p>The eruption cycle of a volcano is controlled in part by the upward migration of magma. The characteristics of the magma flux produce a deformation signature at the Earth's surface. Inverse analyses use geodetic data to estimate strategic controlling parameters that describe the position and pressurization of a magma chamber at depth. The specific distribution of material properties controls how observed surface deformation translates to source parameter estimates. Seismic tomography models describe the spatial distributions of material properties that are necessary for accurate models of volcano deformation. This study investigates how uncertainties in seismic tomography models propagate into variations in the estimates of volcano deformation source parameters inverted from geodetic data. We conduct finite element model-based nonlinear inverse analyses of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data for Okmok volcano, Alaska, as an example. We then analyze the estimated parameters and their uncertainties to characterize the magma chamber. Analyses are performed separately for models simulating a pressurized chamber embedded in a homogeneous domain as well as for a domain having a heterogeneous distribution of material properties according to seismic tomography. The estimated depth of the source is sensitive to the distribution of material properties. The estimated depths for the homogeneous and heterogeneous domains are 2666 ± 42 and 3527 ± 56 m below mean sea level, respectively (99% confidence). A Monte Carlo analysis indicates that uncertainties of the seismic tomography cannot account for this discrepancy at the 99% confidence level. Accounting for the spatial distribution of elastic properties according to seismic tomography significantly improves the fit of the deformation model predictions and significantly influences estimates for parameters that describe the location of a pressurized magma chamber.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012656","usgsCitation":"Masterlark, T., Donovan, T., Feigl, K.L., Haney, M.M., Thurber, C.H., and Tung, S., 2016, Volcano deformation source parameters estimated from InSAR: Sensitivities to uncertainties in seismic tomography: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 121, no. 4, p. 3002-3016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012656.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3002","endPage":"3016","ipdsId":"IP-070835","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012656","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a003152e4b0531197b5a754","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterlark, Timothy","contributorId":92829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masterlark","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, Theodore","contributorId":199783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donovan","given":"Theodore","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feigl, Kurt L.","contributorId":147758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feigl","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thurber, Clifford H. 0000-0002-4940-4618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-4618","contributorId":73184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurber","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tung, Sui","contributorId":199785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tung","given":"Sui","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70189512,"text":"70189512 - 2016 - Aeshnid dragonfly larvae as bioindicators of methylmercury contamination in aquatic systems impacted by elevated sulfate loading","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-14T10:36:43","indexId":"70189512","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aeshnid dragonfly larvae as bioindicators of methylmercury contamination in aquatic systems impacted by elevated sulfate loading","docAbstract":"<p><span>Methylmercury (MeHg) levels in dragonfly larvae and water were measured over two years in aquatic systems impacted to varying degrees by sulfate releases related to iron mining activity. This study examined the impact of elevated sulfate loads on MeHg concentrations and tested the use of MeHg in dragonfly larvae as an indicator of MeHg levels in a range of aquatic systems including 16 river/stream sites and two lakes. MeHg concentrations in aeshnid dragonfly larvae were positively correlated (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.46,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p</i><span>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.01) to peak MeHg concentrations in the dissolved phase for the combined years of 2012 and 2013. This relation was strong in 2012 (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.85,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p</i><span>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.01), but showed no correlation in 2013 (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.02,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p</i><span>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;0.05). MeHg in dragonfly larvae were not elevated at the highest sulfate sites, but rather the reverse was generally observed. Record rainfall events in 2012 and above average rainfall in 2013 likely delivered the majority of Hg and MeHg to these systems via interflow and activated groundwater flow through reduced sediments. As a result, the impacts of elevated sulfate releases due to mining activities were not apparent in these systems where little of the sulfate is reduced. Lower bioaccumulation factors for MeHg in aeshnid dragonfly larvae were observed with increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. This finding is consistent with previous studies showing that MeHg in high DOC systems is less bioavailable; an equilibrium model shows that more MeHg being associated with DOC rather than algae at the base of the food chain readily explains the lower bioaccumulation factors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-015-1603-9","usgsCitation":"Jeremiason, J.D., Reiser, T.K., Weitz, R.A., Berndt, M., and Aiken, G.R., 2016, Aeshnid dragonfly larvae as bioindicators of methylmercury contamination in aquatic systems impacted by elevated sulfate loading: Ecotoxicology, v. 25, no. 3, p. 456-468, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-015-1603-9.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"456","endPage":"468","ipdsId":"IP-071234","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5969d82be4b0d1f9f060a18c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeremiason, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":7146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeremiason","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reiser, T. K.","contributorId":194673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reiser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weitz, R. A.","contributorId":194674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weitz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berndt, M.E.","contributorId":78487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70178868,"text":"70178868 - 2016 - Increased temperatures combined with lowered salinities differentially impact oyster size class growth and mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T15:46:38","indexId":"70178868","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased temperatures combined with lowered salinities differentially impact oyster size class growth and mortality","docAbstract":"<p><span>Changes in the timing and interaction of seasonal high temperatures and low salinities as predicted by climate change models could dramatically alter oyster population dynamics. Little is known explicitly about how low salinity and high temperature combinations affect spat (&lt;25mm), seed (25–75mm), andmarket (&gt;75mm) oyster growth and mortality. Using field and laboratory studies, this project quantified the combined effects of extremely low salinities (&lt;5) and high temperatures (&gt;30°C) on growth and survival of spat, seed, andmarket-sized oysters. In 2012 and 2013, hatchery-produced oysters were placed in open and closed cages at three sites in Breton Sound, LA, along a salinity gradient that typically ranged from 5 to 20. Growth and mortality were recorded monthly. Regardless of size class, oysters at the lowest salinity site (annualmean = 4.8) experienced significantly highermortality and lower growth than oysters located in higher salinity sites (annual means = 11.1 and 13.0, respectively); furthermore, all oysters in open cages at the two higher salinity sites experienced higher mortality than in closed cages, likely due to predation. To explicitly examine oyster responses to extreme low salinity and high temperature combinations, a series of laboratory studies were conducted. Oysters were placed in 18 tanks in a fully crossed temperature (25°C, 32°C) by salinity (1, 5, and 15) study with three replicates, and repeated at least twice for each oyster size class. Regardless of temperature, seed and market oysters held in low salinity tanks (salinity 1) experienced 100% mortality within 7 days. In contrast, at salinity 5, temperature significantly affected mortality; oysters in all size classes experienced greater than 50%mortality at 32°C and less than 40%mortality at 25°C. At the highest salinity tested (15), only market-sized oysters held at 32°C experienced significant mortality (&gt;60%). These studies demonstrate that high water temperatures (&gt;30°C) and low salinities (&lt;5) negatively impact oyster growth and survival differentially and that high temperatures alone may negatively impact market-sized oysters. It is critical to understand the potential impacts of climate and anthropogenic changes on oyster resources to better adapt and manage for long-term sustainability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Shellfisheries Association","doi":"10.2983/035.035.0112","usgsCitation":"LaPeyre, M.K., Rybovich, M., Hall, S., and La Peyre, J.F., 2016, Increased temperatures combined with lowered salinities differentially impact oyster size class growth and mortality: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 101-113, https://doi.org/10.2983/035.035.0112.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"113","ipdsId":"IP-070396","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331826,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Breton Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.9945068359375,\n              29.501768632523262\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9945068359375,\n              29.878755346037977\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.39849853515625,\n              29.878755346037977\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.39849853515625,\n              29.501768632523262\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9945068359375,\n              29.501768632523262\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dfe4b077fc20250e12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rybovich, Molly","contributorId":177344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rybovich","given":"Molly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, Steven G.","contributorId":177345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Steven G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"La Peyre, Jerome F.","contributorId":34697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70193152,"text":"70193152 - 2016 - Occupancy dynamics in human-modified landscapes in a tropical island: implications for conservation design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T12:36:29","indexId":"70193152","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occupancy dynamics in human-modified landscapes in a tropical island: implications for conservation design","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Aim</strong></p><p>Avian communities in human-modified landscapes exhibit varying patterns of local colonization and extinction rates, determinants of species occurrence. Our objective was to model these processes to identify habitat features that might enable movements and account for occupancy patterns in habitat matrices between the Guanica and Susua forest reserves. This knowledge is central to conservation design, particularly in ever changing insular landscapes.</p><p><strong>Location</strong></p><p>South-western Puerto Rico.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong></p><p>We used a multiseason occupancy modelling approach to quantify seasonal estimates of occupancy, and colonization and extinction rates of seven resident avian species surveyed over five seasons from January 2010 to June 2011. We modelled parameters by matrix type, expressions of survey station isolation, quality, amount of forest cover and context (embedded in forest patch).</p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>Seasonal occupancy remained stable throughout the study for all species, consistent with seasonally constant colonization and extinction probabilities. Occupancy was mediated by matrix type, higher in reserves and forested matrix than in the urban and agricultural matrices. This pattern is in accord with the forest affinities of all but an open-habitat specialist. Puerto Rican Spindalis (<i>Spindalis portoricensis</i>) exhibited high occupancy in the urban matrix, highlighting the adaptability of some insular species to novel environments. Highest colonization rates occurred when perching structures were at ≤&nbsp;500&nbsp;m. Survey stations with at least three fruiting tree species and 61% forest cover exhibited lowest seasonal extinction rates.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions</strong></p><p>Our work identified habitat features that influenced seasonal probabilities of colonization and extinction in a human-modified landscape. Conservation design decisions are better informed with increased knowledge about interpatch distances to improve matrix permeability, and habitat features that increase persistence or continued use of habitat stepping stones. A focus on dynamic processes is valuable because conservation actions directly influence colonization and extinction rates, and thus, a quantitative means to gauge their benefit.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.12415","usgsCitation":"Irizarry, J.I., Collazo, J., and Dinsmore, S., 2016, Occupancy dynamics in human-modified landscapes in a tropical island: implications for conservation design: Diversity and Distributions, v. 22, no. 4, p. 410-421, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12415.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"410","endPage":"421","ipdsId":"IP-065011","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12415","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.99943542480469,\n              17.960444861640777\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.80477142333984,\n              17.960444861640777\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.80477142333984,\n              18.10865552119356\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.99943542480469,\n              18.10865552119356\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.99943542480469,\n              17.960444861640777\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fd5ae4b06e28e9c24b9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irizarry, Julissa I.","contributorId":141056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irizarry","given":"Julissa","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime A. 0000-0002-1816-7744 jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-7744","contributorId":173448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime A.","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinsmore, Stephen J.","contributorId":61718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinsmore","given":"Stephen J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70193182,"text":"70193182 - 2016 - NHDPlus as a geospatial framework for SPARROW modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:26:24","indexId":"70193182","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1975,"text":"Impact Assessment Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NHDPlus as a geospatial framework for SPARROW modeling","docAbstract":"Successful water-resource management requires thorough knowledge and understanding of the relations among water-quality contaminate sources and the factors that affect the transport throughout a hydrologic system. Surface-water modeling is a valuable tool that can be applied to help advance and achieve the understanding of these dynamic relations. Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) is one such model that uses nonlinear statistical methods to define conceptual and spatial relations among quantities of contaminant sources, monitored contaminant load, aquatic transport processes. NHDPlus Version 2 (V2) is a digital representation of a hydrologic network of streams and associated catchments. The dataset provides the fundamental spatial framework for SPARROW modeling.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Brakebill, J.W., and Schwarz, G., 2016, NHDPlus as a geospatial framework for SPARROW modeling: Impact Assessment Bulletin, v. 18, no. 3.","ipdsId":"IP-073650","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347782,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.awra.org/impact/"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ea50e4b09af898c8cc73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brakebill, John W. 0000-0001-9235-6810 jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-6810","contributorId":1061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"John","email":"jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70169948,"text":"ofr20161056 - 2016 - Construction, calibration, and validation of the RBM10 water temperature model for the Trinity River, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T08:35:51","indexId":"ofr20161056","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-31T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1056","title":"Construction, calibration, and validation of the RBM10 water temperature model for the Trinity River, northern California","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\">We constructed a one-dimensional daily averaged water-temperature model to simulate Trinity River temperatures for 1980&ndash;2013. The purpose of this model is to assess effects of water-management actions on water temperature and to provide water temperature inputs for a salmon population dynamics model. Simulated meteorological data, observed streamflow data, and observed water temperatures were used as model inputs to simulate a continuous 34-year time series of historical daily mean water temperature at eight locations along 112.2 river miles from Lewiston Dam near Weaverville, California, downstream to the Klamath River confluence. To demonstrate the utility of the model to inform management actions, we simulated three management alternatives to assess the effects of bypass flow augmentation in a drought year, 1994, and compared those results to the simulated historical baseline, referred to as the &ldquo;No Action&rdquo; alternative scenario. Augmentation flows from the Lewiston Dam bypass consist of temperature-controlled releases capable of cooling downstream water temperatures in hot times of the year, which can reduce the probability of disease outbreaks in fish populations. Outputs from the Trinity River water-temperature model were then used as inputs to an existing water-temperature model of the Klamath River to evaluate the effect of augmentation flow releases on water temperatures in the lower Klamath River.&nbsp;</p>\n<p class=\"p1\">We structured the Trinity River water-temperature model in River Basin Model-10 (RBM10), which uses a simple equilibrium flow model, assuming discharge in each river segment on each day is transmitted downstream instantaneously. The model uses a heat-budget formulation to quantify heat flux at the air-water interface. Inputs for the heat budget are calculated from daily mean meteorological data, including net shortwave solar radiation, net longwave atmospheric radiation, air temperature, wind speed, vapor pressure, and a psychrometric constant needed to calculate the Bowen ratio. The modeling domain was divided into eight reaches ranging in length from 8.8 to 20.6 miles, which were calibrated and validated separately with observed water temperature data collected irregularly from 1980 to 2013. Root mean square errors of observed and simulated water temperatures for the eight reaches ranged from 0.25 to 1.12 degrees Celsius (&deg;C). Mean absolute errors ranged from 0.18 to 0.89 &deg;C. For model validation, a <i>k</i>-fold cross-validation technique was used. Validation root mean square error and mean absolute error for the eight reaches ranged from 0.24 to 1.11 &deg;C and from 0.18 to 0.89 &deg;C, respectively.</p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Augmentation scenarios were based on historical hydrological and meteorological data, combined with prescribed flow and temperature releases from Lewiston Dam provided by the Bureau of Reclamation. Water releases were scheduled to achieve targeted flows of 2,500, 2,800, and 3,200 cubic feet per second in the lower Klamath River from mid-August through late September, coinciding with the upstream migration of adult fall-run Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>). Water temperatures simulated at river mile 5.7 on the Klamath River showed a 5 &deg;C decrease from the No Action historical baseline, which was near or greater than 23 &deg;C when augmentation began in mid-August. Thereafter, an approximate 1 &deg;C difference among augmentation scenarios emerged, with the decrease in water temperature commensurate to the level of augmentation. All augmentation scenarios simulated water temperatures equal to or less than 21 &deg;C from mid-August through late September. Water temperatures equal to or greater than 23 &deg;C are of particular interest because of a thermal threshold known to inhibit upstream migration of salmon. When temperatures exceed this approximate 23 &deg;C threshold, Chinook salmon are known to congregate in high densities in thermal refugias and show extended residence times, which can potentially trigger epizootic outbreaks such as of <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis </i>(&ldquo;Ich&rdquo;) and <i>Flavobacterium columnare </i>(&ldquo;Columnaris&rdquo;) that were the causative factors of the Klamath River fish kill in 2002. A model with the ability to simulate water temperatures in response to management actions at the basin scale is a valuable asset for water managers who must make decisions about how best to use limited water resources, which directly affect the state of fisheries in the Klamath Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Jones, E.C., Perry, R.W., Risley, J.C., Som, N.A., and Hetrick, N.J., 2016, Construction, calibration, and validation of the RBM10 water temperature model for the Trinity River, northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1056, 46 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161056.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070848","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western 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target=\"blank\">http://wfrc.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Methods</li>\n<li>Results</li>\n<li>Discussion</li>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Appendix A. River Geometry, Time Series and Water Temperatures, and Prediction Error, Trinity River, Northern California</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-03-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fe3c28e4b075ab2b2aa0a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Edward C.","contributorId":20603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Edward C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Som, Nicholas A.","contributorId":36039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Som","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hetrick, Nicholas J.","contributorId":168367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hetrick","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5128,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70169969,"text":"70169969 - 2016 - Conditional vulnerability of plant diversity to atmospheric nitrogen deposition across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T15:42:41","indexId":"70169969","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-31T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conditional vulnerability of plant diversity to atmospheric nitrogen deposition across the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been shown to decrease plant species richness along regional deposition gradients in Europe and in experimental manipulations. However, the general response of species richness to N deposition across different vegetation types, soil conditions, and climates remains largely unknown even though responses may be contingent on these environmental factors. We assessed the effect of N deposition on herbaceous richness for 15,136 forest, woodland, shrubland, and grassland sites across the continental United States, to address how edaphic and climatic conditions altered vulnerability to this stressor. In our dataset, with N deposition ranging from 1 to 19 kg N&sdot;ha&minus;1&sdot;y&minus;1, we found a unimodal relationship; richness increased at low deposition levels and decreased above 8.7 and 13.4 kg N&sdot;ha&minus;1&sdot;y&minus;1 in open and closed-canopy vegetation, respectively. N deposition exceeded critical loads for loss of plant species richness in 24% of 15,136 sites examined nationwide. There were negative relationships between species richness and N deposition in 36% of 44 community gradients. Vulnerability to N deposition was consistently higher in more acidic soils whereas the moderating roles of temperature and precipitation varied across scales. We demonstrate here that negative relationships between N deposition and species richness are common, albeit not universal, and that fine-scale processes can moderate vegetation responses to N deposition. Our results highlight the importance of contingent factors when estimating ecosystem vulnerability to N deposition and suggest that N deposition is affecting species richness in forested and nonforested systems across much of the continental United States.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1515241113","usgsCitation":"Simkin, S.M., Allen, E.B., Bowman, W., Clark, C., Belnap, J., Brooks, M.L., Cade, B.S., Collins, S., Geiser, L.H., Gilliam, F.S., Jovan, S.E., Pardo, L.H., Schulz, B.K., Stevens, C.J., Suding, K.N., Throop, H.L., and Waller, D.M., 2016, Conditional vulnerability of plant diversity to atmospheric nitrogen deposition across the United States: PNAS, v. 113, no. 5, p. 4086-4091, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515241113.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4086","endPage":"4091","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063009","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research 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To investigate pan-Atlantic connectivity of globally endangered green turtles (</span><i>Chelonia mydas</i><span>) from two National Parks in Florida, USA, we applied a multidisciplinary approach comparing genetic analysis and ocean circulation modeling. The Everglades (EP) is a juvenile feeding ground, whereas the Dry Tortugas (DT) is used for courtship, breeding, and feeding by adults and juveniles. We sequenced two mitochondrial segments from 138 turtles sampled there from 2006-2015, and simulated oceanic transport to estimate their origins. Genetic and ocean connectivity data revealed northwestern Atlantic rookeries as the major natal sources, while southern and eastern Atlantic contributions were negligible. However, specific rookery estimates differed between genetic and ocean transport models. The combined analyses suggest that post-hatchling drift via ocean currents poorly explains the distribution of neritic juveniles and adults, but juvenile natal homing and population history likely play important roles. DT and EP were genetically similar to feeding grounds along the southern US coast, but highly differentiated from most other Atlantic groups. Despite expanded mitogenomic analysis and correspondingly increased ability to detect genetic variation, no significant differentiation between DT and EP, or among years, sexes or stages was observed. This first genetic analysis of a North Atlantic green turtle courtship area provides rare data supporting local movements and male philopatry. The study highlights the applications of multidisciplinary approaches for ecological research and conservation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.02056","usgsCitation":"Naro-Maciel, E., Hart, K.M., Cruciata, R., and Putman, N.F., 2016, DNA and dispersal models highlight constrained connectivity in a migratory marine megavertebrate: Ecography, v. 40, no. 5, p. 586-597, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02056.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"586","endPage":"597","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068508","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02056","text":"External Repository"},{"id":319674,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas Park, Everglades Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.1005859375,\n              24.462150693715266\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1005859375,\n              24.77177232822881\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6171875,\n              24.77177232822881\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6171875,\n              24.462150693715266\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1005859375,\n              24.462150693715266\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.09283447265625,\n              25.120419105501256\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.09283447265625,\n              25.564742726875785\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6341552734375,\n              25.564742726875785\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6341552734375,\n              25.120419105501256\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.09283447265625,\n              25.120419105501256\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fe3c2ce4b075ab2b2aa0aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naro-Maciel, Eugenia","contributorId":138902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naro-Maciel","given":"Eugenia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12576,"text":"College of Staten Island, Staten Island, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cruciata, Rossana","contributorId":168380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruciata","given":"Rossana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25274,"text":"Biology Dept., College of Staten Island, City University of New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Putman, Nathan Freeman","contributorId":145423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Putman","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"Freeman","affiliations":[{"id":16119,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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