Hydrologic investigations of urban watersheds in Texas were begun by theU.S. Geological Survey in 1954. Studies are now in progress in Austin, Houston, and San Antonio. Studies have been completed in the Dallas and Fort Worth areas.
The Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Department of Water Resources, began hydrologic studies in the Austin urban area in 1954. In cooperation with the city of Austin, the program was expanded in 1975 to include additional streamflow and rainfall gaging stations, and the collection of surface water-quality data. In 1978, the program was expanded to include a ground-water resources study of the South Austin metropolitan area in the Balcones fault zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81628","usgsCitation":"Slade, R., Dorsey, M., Gordon, J., Mitchell, R., and Gaylord, J., 1981, Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin, Texas, metropolitan area, 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-628, 281 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81628.","productDescription":"281 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495330,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0628/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160830,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0628/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.09280395507812,\n 29.991812888666043\n ],\n [\n -97.38006591796874,\n 29.991812888666043\n ],\n [\n -97.38006591796874,\n 30.615459280672667\n ],\n [\n -98.09280395507812,\n 30.615459280672667\n ],\n [\n -98.09280395507812,\n 29.991812888666043\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db607f18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slade, R.M.","contributorId":84364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, M.E.","contributorId":73997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gordon, J.D.","contributorId":26684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, R.N.","contributorId":94301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaylord, J.L.","contributorId":46520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaylord","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":55174,"text":"wdrHI802 - 1981 - Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1980: Volume 2. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-04T15:11:20.251613","indexId":"wdrHI802","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"HI-80-2","title":"Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1980: Volume 2. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"Volume 2 of water resources data for the 1980 water year for other Pacific areas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage of a reservoir; and water levels in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 41 gaging stations; stage only record for 1 gaging station; water quality for 1 gaging station, 49 partial-record stations; water temperature for 23 gaging stations; water levels for 13 observation wells; tide level for 1 tide station; and 7 water level less tide level tables. Also included are 33 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Governments and Federal agencies in other Pacific areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrHI802","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Governments of Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Mariana Islands, and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1980: Volume 2. 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f7041","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7114,"text":"ofr81853 - 1981 - Engineering geology investigation, Little Granite Creek road corridor, Teton National Forest, Teton County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-16T13:54:29.596942","indexId":"ofr81853","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-853","title":"Engineering geology investigation, Little Granite Creek road corridor, Teton National Forest, Teton County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the results of an engineering geology investigation for the proposed Little Granite Creek Road Corridor access to the Getty drill site. The purpose of the investigation was to provide geologic data so that the U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Geological Survey can jointly draft an Environmental Impact Statement. The location of the proposed road corridor is shown on Fig. 1. The general geologic conditions within the corridor are described and their anticipated impacts on the proposed road are discussed. The data and conclusions presented in this report are suitable for evaluating general impacts; however, additional detailed studies will be required for final design purposes.
The geologic conditions in the proposed road corridor were evaluated by reviewing published regional geologic maps, a field reconnaissance, and interpretation of aerial photographs. The largest scale geologic map available for the area is the 1:24,000, Geologic Map of the Bull Creek Quadrangle, Schroeder (1976). In early October, 1980, a field reconnaissance was made by Doug Stack and Ralph Mock of Chen and Associates, Inc. along the proposed road alignment. In addition, colored aerial photography at a scale of 1:15840 was available for our investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81853","usgsCitation":"Chen and Associates, 1981, Engineering geology investigation, Little Granite Creek road corridor, Teton National Forest, Teton County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-853, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81853.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142101,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0853/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":495588,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0853/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Teton County","otherGeospatial":"Teton National 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Some, such as sand and gravel in the New York Bight, Beaufort Sea, portions of southern California, and submerged lands near Hawaii are relatively well known and characterized by local need and immediate mining potential with available technology. Commoditie of interest to industry and having nearterm economic potential that might require new or innovative technology, inlcude phosphorites such as those in the south eastern Atlantic margin, and manganese nodules on the Blake Plateau (which have potential for catalyst material, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and platinum). Commodities having significant potential, but which are poorly known and which may require innovative recovery technology, include chrome, gold, platinum, and tin placer deposits, with special emphasis on the continental margins of northern California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska; rock salt and evaporite minerals in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic; titanium and other heavy minerals in the Atlantic continental margin, and calcium carbonate. A. U.S. Department of the Interior moratorium on offshore leasing in federal waters has existed since 1968. Leasing and regulatory systems will be required to begin commercial mining or intensive exploration of the above resources
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The commodities considered are mercury, copper and its byproducts gold and silver, and petroleum; the production and discovery data are for the United States. The results of the study indicate that the cumulative return per unit of effort, herein measured as grade of metal ores and discovery rate of recoverable petroleum, is proportional to a negative power of total effort expended, herein measured as total ore mined and total exploratory wells or footage drilled. This power relationship can be extended to some limiting point (a lower ore grade or a maximum number of exploratory wells or footage), and the apparent quantity of available remaining resource at that limit can be calculated. For mercury ore of grades at and above 0.1 percent, the remaining usable resource in the United States is calculated to be 54 million kg (1,567,000 flasks). For copper ore of grades at and above 0.2 percent, the remaining usable copper resource is calculated to be 270 million metric tons (298 million short tons); remaining resources of its by-products gold and silver are calculated to be 3,656 metric tons (118 million troy ounces) and 64,676 metric tons (2,079 million troy ounces), respectively. The undiscovered recoverable crude oil resource in the conterminous United States, at 3 billion feet of additional exploratory drilling, is calculated to be nearly 37.6 billion barrels; the undiscovered recoverable petroleum resource in the Permian basin of western Texas and southeastern New Mexico, at 300 million feet of additional exploratory drilling or 50,000 additional exploratory wells, is calculated to be about 6.2 billion BOE (barrels of oil equivalent).
No abstract available.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computing in civil engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"First International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering","conferenceDate":"May 12-14, 1981","conferenceLocation":"New York, NY","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.E., Vining, R.F., and Loveland, T., 1981, Remote sensing applied to irrigation engineering, in Computing in civil engineering, New York, NY, May 12-14, 1981, p. 1-16.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407613,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Umatilla River basin, Yakima River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.7781982421875,\n 46.25\n ],\n [\n -119.1851806640625,\n 46.25\n ],\n [\n -119.1851806640625,\n 47.468949677672484\n ],\n [\n -120.7781982421875,\n 47.468949677672484\n ],\n [\n -120.7781982421875,\n 46.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.74273681640624,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 45.832626782661535\n ],\n [\n -119.74273681640624,\n 45.832626782661535\n ],\n [\n -119.74273681640624,\n 45.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Gary E.","contributorId":257982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":52195,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vining, Robert F.","contributorId":297120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vining","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":853373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209283,"text":"70209283 - 1981 - Shear zone between the Inner Piedmont and Kings Mountain belts in the Carolinas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:47:41","indexId":"70209283","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T07:40:47","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shear zone between the Inner Piedmont and Kings Mountain belts in the Carolinas","docAbstract":"The Kings Mountain shear zone, which marks the boundary between the Inner Piedmont and Kings Mountain belts near the NC-SC state line, is a northeast-striking, steeply to moderately dipping zone of ductile mylonitic deformation and late-stage semibrittle deformation. The zone is at least 60 km long and is no more than a few hundred metres wide. It truncates rock units of both belts. The juxtaposition of two lithologically different terranes suggests that displacement may be considerable, probably on the order of kilometres. Inconclusive evidence suggests that the northwest (Inner Piedmont) side is upthrown. The Kings Mountain zone is one of several in the southern Appalachian Piedmont that were active during a Middle to Late Devonian (Acadian?) deformational event, and it may be part of a regional fault system extending from AL to VA. The Kings Mountain, Lowndesville, and Towaliga zones may be a single zone more than 550 km long. © 1981 Geological Society of America.
","language":"English ","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9<28:SZBTIP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Horton,, J., 1981, Shear zone between the Inner Piedmont and Kings Mountain belts in the Carolinas: Geology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 28-33, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9<28:SZBTIP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"28","endPage":"33","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 34.74161249883172\n ],\n [\n -80.26611328125,\n 34.74161249883172\n ],\n [\n -80.26611328125,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 34.74161249883172\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton,, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":219824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton,","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188670,"text":"70188670 - 1981 - Potential source for crushed granite aggregate in Heard County, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T17:53:40","indexId":"70188670","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Geologic Report Number 3","title":"Potential source for crushed granite aggregate in Heard County, Georgia","docAbstract":"The production of crushed stone suitable for highway and general construction is a major industry in Georgia. The state ranks eighth in the nation in overall crushed stone production, and first in crushed granite production. Crushed stone production in Georgia in 1979 was 40,902,000 short tons worth $154,021,000 (D.H. White, Jr., US Bureau of Mines, personal commun., Aug. 1980). More than 3,000 people were employed by the crushed stone industry in Georgia during that year.
Presently, the only active quarry in Heard County is located in an amphibolite. Amphibolite is not a conventional aggregate. It has a high specific gravity, a tendency to make elongate fragments, and varies considerably in abrasion tests.
Because the nearest approved aggregate quarry is more than 25 miles from Franklin, the county seat, the purpose of this brief report is to describe a body of granite gneiss that may provide suitable aggregate for the crushed stone industry, potential quarry operators and various agencies in Heard County. This report is part of a project to study the geology and mineral resources of the Piedmont south of the Brevard Zone, and is not intended to supplant detailed site investigations by industry or consultants. The report is a joint effort between the Georgia Geologic Survey and the Office of Materials and Research of the Georgia Department of Transportation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Georgia Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Atlanta, GA","usgsCitation":"Atkins, R.L., Higgins, M.W., and Dickerson, R.P., 1981, Potential source for crushed granite aggregate in Heard County, Georgia, iv, 8 p.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.americangeosciences.org/critical-issues/research-database/docs/potential-source-crushed-granite-aggregate-heard-county"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Heard County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.0151,33.4255],[-85.0139,33.4228],[-85.011,33.4146],[-85.0057,33.4015],[-85.004,33.3974],[-84.9998,33.3866],[-84.968,33.3007],[-84.9604,33.2822],[-84.9489,33.2824],[-84.9485,33.266],[-84.9545,33.2659],[-84.9486,33.25],[-84.9392,33.2247],[-85.0001,33.2027],[-85.0017,33.2023],[-85.005,33.2013],[-85.0088,33.1999],[-85.0121,33.1984],[-85.0213,33.1951],[-85.0262,33.1936],[-85.0414,33.1884],[-85.0414,33.1875],[-85.0424,33.1852],[-85.044,33.1828],[-85.0451,33.1819],[-85.0456,33.1815],[-85.0473,33.1814],[-85.0484,33.1814],[-85.0511,33.1818],[-85.0517,33.1823],[-85.0534,33.1831],[-85.0556,33.1836],[-85.0578,33.184],[-85.0589,33.1835],[-85.0594,33.183],[-85.0604,33.1816],[-85.061,33.1812],[-85.0615,33.1807],[-85.0631,33.1802],[-85.0642,33.1798],[-85.0647,33.1784],[-85.0658,33.1784],[-85.0729,33.176],[-85.0882,33.172],[-85.0877,33.1752],[-85.0878,33.1784],[-85.088,33.1866],[-85.0979,33.1869],[-85.0981,33.1951],[-85.108,33.1954],[-85.1081,33.1785],[-85.1174,33.1788],[-85.1175,33.1638],[-85.1295,33.1604],[-85.1426,33.1565],[-85.1942,33.1418],[-85.1991,33.1404],[-85.2307,33.1311],[-85.2373,33.1296],[-85.264,33.262],[-85.2946,33.428],[-85.2655,33.4276],[-85.2501,33.4279],[-85.2198,33.4276],[-85.1989,33.4271],[-85.1923,33.4272],[-85.1791,33.427],[-85.1224,33.4267],[-85.1197,33.4268],[-85.0977,33.4267],[-85.085,33.4265],[-85.0542,33.4261],[-85.0151,33.4255]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Heard\",\"state\":\"GA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594a342be4b062508e36af6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkins, R. L.","contributorId":77540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, Michael W.","contributorId":178198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgins","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickerson, Robert P.","contributorId":6461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188926,"text":"70188926 - 1981 - United States gold resource profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T15:20:48","indexId":"70188926","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"United States gold resource profile","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.76.4.937","usgsCitation":"Cargill, S., 1981, United States gold resource profile: Economic Geology, v. 76, no. 4, p. 937-943, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.76.4.937.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"937","endPage":"943","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"76","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1981-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ee2e4b062508e3c7b35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cargill, S.M.","contributorId":64776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cargill","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188845,"text":"70188845 - 1981 - Comparison of uranium-series, radiocarbon, and amino acid data from marine molluscs, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-21T15:49:27.587114","indexId":"70188845","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of uranium-series, radiocarbon, and amino acid data from marine molluscs, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada","docAbstract":"Uranium-series and 14C dates and the extent of amino acid racemization are reported for 24 marine shell samples from three areas of Baffin Island, Arctic Canada. When the radiometric dates are plotted against the ratio of D-alloisoleucene:L-isoleucene in the shells, five broad age groups are recognized. The uranium-series data indicate that 231Pa is incompletely retained in most fossil shells and that 230Th is lost from some of the samples. Therefore, their apparent ages are minimum. However, a few dated samples in each group have yielded useful age results, and the minimum ages of the five groups of samples are estimated as 7,000 to 11,000, ≥ 70,000, ≥ 136,000, ≥ 190,000, and > 300,000 yr. Calculated integrated thermal histories based on the epimerization reaction in the mollusc Hiatella arctica Linné give paleotemperature estimates of around −5 °C, compared to the present mean annual air temperature of about −11 °C.
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]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59521d2ae4b062508e3c36f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, G. H.","contributorId":54732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, J. T.","contributorId":191135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrews","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stuiver, M.","contributorId":54730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuiver","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188933,"text":"70188933 - 1981 - Earth flows along Henry Creek, northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T15:48:47","indexId":"70188933","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earth flows along Henry Creek, northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Many earth flows occurred during the summer of 1979 in the hilly terrain near Umiat, Alaska, particularly along Henry Creek. Most were shallow, involving only the tundra mat and no more than 1.5 m of the underlying mud. The summer of 1979 was the warmest and wettest for the period of record at Umiat, and precipitation was characterized by brief but intense localized rainstorms. Failure probably was triggered by the heavy rains and facilitated by an absorbent tundra mat over a clayey substrate, and perhaps in some cases by a thicker than normal active layer. Flows of this kind have occurred repeatedly in the Umiat area, most likely during summers in which climatic conditions were similar to those of 1979.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic2537","usgsCitation":"Carter, L.D., and Galloway, J., 1981, Earth flows along Henry Creek, northern Alaska: Arctic, v. 34, no. 4, p. 325-328, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic2537.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"328","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic2537","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Colville River, Ikpikpuk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.9619140625,\n 68.94655388492086\n ],\n [\n -149.732666015625,\n 68.94655388492086\n ],\n [\n -149.732666015625,\n 71.28317384014204\n ],\n [\n -155.9619140625,\n 71.28317384014204\n ],\n [\n -155.9619140625,\n 68.94655388492086\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ee2e4b062508e3c7b31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, L. David","contributorId":16827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, John","contributorId":47038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188934,"text":"70188934 - 1981 - The National Coal Resources Data System: A status report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T15:54:42","indexId":"70188934","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The National Coal Resources Data System: A status report","docAbstract":"The National Coal Resources Data System (NCRDS) of the U.S. Geological Survey is an interactive computerized storage, retrieval, and display system to assess the quantity and quality of the nation's coal resources. It has been developed to provide geological coal-resource data currently available, to update that data, and to expand to new types of data.
To this end the U.S. Geological Survey has initiated a 5- to 10-yr program to acquire point-source data for all coal-bearing regions through its own programs and cooperative projects with state agencies. Presently, files containing summary areal coal-tonnage estimates and proximate/ultimate chemical analyses, as well as point-located major-, minor-, and trace-element analyses, and stratigraphic data are available. New resource assessments can be made with point-source data, including drill-hole records, field measurements, and so on. Data may be displayed in literal form or graphically — for example, tables, isoline maps, and cross sections. The system software can calculate coal-resource estimates, generate overburden or interburden distribution, and delineate areas of coal with selected parameters (for example, < .3% sulfur, > 28 in.) within specified boundaries (for example, quadrangle, county).
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<563:TNCRDS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Carter, M., Medlin, A.L., and Krohn, K.K., 1981, The National Coal Resources Data System: A status report: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 92, no. 8, p. 563-573, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<563:TNCRDS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"573","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ee2e4b062508e3c7b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, M. Devereaux","contributorId":85218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"M. Devereaux","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medlin, Antoinette L.","contributorId":84370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medlin","given":"Antoinette","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krohn, Kathleen K.","contributorId":38156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188763,"text":"70188763 - 1981 - Lower Eocene alluvial paleosols (Willwood Formation, Northwest Wyoming, U.S.A.) and their significance for paleoecology, paleoclimatology, and basin analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T17:54:45","indexId":"70188763","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lower Eocene alluvial paleosols (Willwood Formation, Northwest Wyoming, U.S.A.) and their significance for paleoecology, paleoclimatology, and basin analysis","docAbstract":"The lower Eocene Willwood Formation of northwest Wyoming is a 700 m thick accumulation of alluvial floodplain and channel mudstones and sandstones, nearly all of which show paleopedogenic modifications. Pedogenesis of Willwood sandstones is indicated by taproot and vertebrate and invertebrate bioturbation, early local cementation by calcium carbonate, and thin illuviation cutans on clastic grains. Pedogenesis in Willwood mudstones is indicated by plant bioturbation, insect and other invertebrate burrow casts and lebensspuren; free iron, aluminum, and manganese mobilization, including hydromorphic gleying; sesquioxide and calcareous glaebule formation in lower parts of the solum; presence of clay-rich and organic carbon-rich zones; and well differentiated epipedons and albic and spodic horizons. Probable A horizons are also locally well developed.
Occurrence of variegated paleosol units in thick floodplain mudstone deposits and their association with thin, lenticular, and unconnected fluvial sandstones in the Willwood Formation of the central and southeast Bighorn Basin suggest that these soils formed during times of rapid sediment accumulation. The tabular geometry and lateral persistence of soil units as well as the absence of catenization indicate that Willwood floodplains were broad and essentially featureless.
All Willwood paleosols were developed on alluvial parent materials and are complex in that B horizons of younger paleosols were commonly superimposed upon and mask properties of suspected A and B horizons of the next older paleosols. The soils appear to be wet varieties of the Spodosol and Entisol groups (aquods and ferrods, and aquents, respectively), though thick, superposed and less mottled red, purple, and yellow paleosols resemble some ultisols. Most Willwood paleosols resemble warm temperate to subtropical alluvial soils that form today under alternating wet and dry conditions and (or) fluctuating water tables. The up-section decrease in frequency of gley mottles, increase in numerical proportion and thickness of red versus orange coloration, and increase in abundance of calcrete glaebules indicate better drained soils and probably drier climate in late Willwood time. This drying is believed to be related to creation of rain shadows and spacing of rainfall (but not necessarily decrease in absolute rainfall) due to progressive tectonic structural elevation of the mountainous margins of the Bighorn Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(81)90056-0","usgsCitation":"Bown, T.M., and Kraus, M.J., 1981, Lower Eocene alluvial paleosols (Willwood Formation, Northwest Wyoming, U.S.A.) and their significance for paleoecology, paleoclimatology, and basin analysis: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 34, p. 1-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(81)90056-0.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bighorn Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.3304443359375,\n 45.00753503123719\n ],\n [\n -109.3359375,\n 44.99199795382439\n ],\n [\n -109.2919921875,\n 44.78183504339988\n ],\n [\n -109.1876220703125,\n 44.56307730757893\n ],\n [\n -109.22607421875,\n 44.42593442145313\n ],\n [\n -109.49523925781249,\n 44.315987905196906\n ],\n [\n -109.4622802734375,\n 44.27273816279087\n ],\n [\n -109.25354003906249,\n 44.327777761284416\n ],\n [\n -109.12170410156249,\n 44.31205742666618\n ],\n [\n -109.1546630859375,\n 44.209772586984485\n ],\n [\n -109.27001953125,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -109.2864990234375,\n 44.09547572946637\n ],\n [\n -109.1326904296875,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -109.0228271484375,\n 44.008620115415354\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 43.80678314779554\n ],\n [\n -108.9019775390625,\n 43.691707903073805\n ],\n [\n -108.7591552734375,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -108.34716796875,\n 43.53660274231031\n ],\n [\n -107.7374267578125,\n 43.44494295526125\n ],\n [\n -107.29248046875,\n 43.476840397778936\n ],\n [\n -107.193603515625,\n 43.57243174740972\n ],\n [\n -107.0892333984375,\n 43.695679697898825\n ],\n [\n -107.1221923828125,\n 43.957236472025635\n ],\n [\n -107.24853515625,\n 44.19402066387343\n ],\n [\n -107.4517822265625,\n 44.351350365612326\n ],\n [\n -107.4737548828125,\n 44.44554600843547\n ],\n [\n -107.6385498046875,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -107.9351806640625,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -108.1219482421875,\n 45.131679975460536\n ],\n [\n -108.1878662109375,\n 45.38301927899065\n ],\n [\n -109.017333984375,\n 45.41773242370463\n ],\n [\n -109.18212890625,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -109.3304443359375,\n 45.00753503123719\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594cd743e4b062508e3951f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bown, Thomas M.","contributorId":67081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bown","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraus, M. J.","contributorId":44605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraus","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188761,"text":"70188761 - 1981 - Temporal and spatial variations in suspended matter in continental shelf and slope waters off the north-eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T12:41:30","indexId":"70188761","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial variations in suspended matter in continental shelf and slope waters off the north-eastern United States","docAbstract":"Seston in waters of Georges Bank originates primarily from biological production and from resuspension of bottom sediments. The concentrations of suspended matter observed on the central shoals are more influenced by storms than by seasonal changes. Winter storms produce highest concentrations of non-combustible material throughout the water column, and summer storms appear to increase biological production by mixing additional nutrients into the photic zone. On the south-east flank of the bank, in water depths between 80 and 200 in, the concentrations of total suspended matter and non-combustible material show little variation compared with the central shoals, and storm effects are far less noticeable.
Highest concentrations (>15 mg 1−1) of suspended matter occur in bottom waters south of Nantucket Island after winter storms and appear to be primarily resuspended bottom sediment. Resuspended sediment is also common in near-bottom waters of the south-western Gulf of Maine, and occasionally near the intersection of the shelf/slope water mass front and the bottom.
Seasonal variations were observed in the distribution and species composition of phytoplankton. Coccoliths are predominant on the central bank during the winter, but during the spring and summer they are concentrated on the eastern flank at deeper depths.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0302-3524(81)80077-1","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Parmenter, C.M., and Milliman, J., 1981, Temporal and spatial variations in suspended matter in continental shelf and slope waters off the north-eastern United States: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 13, no. 2, p. 213-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0302-3524(81)80077-1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"234","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Georges Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -65,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -65,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594cd743e4b062508e3951fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":699817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parmenter, Carol M.","contributorId":9284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parmenter","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":699818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milliman, John D.","contributorId":76735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milliman","given":"John D.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":699819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188941,"text":"70188941 - 1981 - Radiometric and paleomagnetic evidence for the Emperor reversed polarity event at 0.46 ± 0.05 M.Y. in basalt lava flows from the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T16:26:00","indexId":"70188941","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiometric and paleomagnetic evidence for the Emperor reversed polarity event at 0.46 ± 0.05 M.Y. in basalt lava flows from the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","docAbstract":"K-Ar and paleomagnetic data from cores through a sequence of basalt flows in the eastern Snake River Plain provide evidence for a brief (0.005 to 0.01 m.y.) reversal of the geomagnetic field 0.46 ± 0.05 m.y. ago. This reversed polarity event has also been found in sea-floor magnetic anomalies and in sediment cores and is probably the Emperor event of Ryan [1972].
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Brent","contributorId":54564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuntz, Mel A. 0000-0001-8828-5474","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-5474","contributorId":6446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuntz","given":"Mel A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188749,"text":"70188749 - 1981 - Estimation of depth to magnetic source using maximum entropy power spectra, with application to the Peru-Chile Trench","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T15:53:22","indexId":"70188749","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2711,"text":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of depth to magnetic source using maximum entropy power spectra, with application to the Peru-Chile Trench","docAbstract":"Estimations of the depth to magnetic sources using the power spectrum of magnetic anomalies generally require long magnetic profiles. The method developed here uses the maximum entropy power spectrum (MEPS) to calculate depth to source on short windows of magnetic data; resolution is thereby improved. The method operates by dividing a profile into overlapping windows, calculating a maximum entropy power spectrum for each window, linearizing the spectra, and calculating with least squares the various depth estimates. The assumptions of the method are that the source is two dimensional and that the intensity of magnetization includes random noise; knowledge of the direction of magnetization is not required. The method is applied to synthetic data and to observed marine anomalies over the Peru-Chile Trench. The analyses indicate a continuous magnetic basement extending from the eastern margin of the Nazca plate and into the subduction zone. The computed basement depths agree with acoustic basement seaward of the trench axis, but deepen as the plate approaches the inner trench wall. This apparent increase in the computed depths may result from the deterioration of magnetization in the upper part of the ocean crust, possibly caused by compressional disruption of the basaltic layer. Landward of the trench axis, the depth estimates indicate possible thrusting of the oceanic material into the lower slope of the continental margin.
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The soil on the fan surface is a strongly developed relict paleosol. Comparison of this soil with dated paleosols elsewhere in the southwestern United States suggests that the surface is about 80,000 to 125,000 yr old. Clasts near the base of the deposit are well cemented by laminated CaCO3 that probably formed from groundwater action while the fan was still active. Uranium-thorium assays on the CaCO3 indicate an age of 200,000 yr.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9<576:UASDOT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., Shlemon, R.J., Ku, T.L., Simpson, R., Rosenbauer, R.J., and Budinger, 1981, Uranium-series and soil-geomorphic dating of the Calico archaeological site, California: Geology, v. 9, no. 12, p. 576-582, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9<576:UASDOT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"576","endPage":"582","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Calico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.04559326171874,\n 34.83522280367885\n ],\n [\n -116.68991088867188,\n 34.83522280367885\n ],\n [\n -116.68991088867188,\n 35.13226374917891\n ],\n [\n -117.04559326171874,\n 35.13226374917891\n ],\n [\n -117.04559326171874,\n 34.83522280367885\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594cd744e4b062508e395200","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":699640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shlemon, Roy J.","contributorId":193288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shlemon","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ku, T. L.","contributorId":116915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simpson, R.D.","contributorId":113932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":699644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Budinger","contributorId":193289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Budinger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}