{"pageNumber":"4945","pageRowStart":"123600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165623,"records":[{"id":70120243,"text":"70120243 - 1981 - Population dynamics and bioenergetics of a fossorial herbivore, <i>Thomomys talpoides</i> (Rodentia: Geomyidae), in a spruce-fir sere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-13T13:13:52","indexId":"70120243","displayToPublicDate":"1981-06-01T12:56:25","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population dynamics and bioenergetics of a fossorial herbivore, <i>Thomomys talpoides</i> (Rodentia: Geomyidae), in a spruce-fir sere","docAbstract":"<p>Studies of the bioenergetics of the northern pocket gopher, <i>Thomomys talpoides</i>, are coupled with data on demography, activity budgets, and microclimates to model the energy requirements of individuals and populations in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah during 1976-1979.  Metabolic rates during rest increased linearly with decreasing ambient temperature, but burrowing metabolic rates (16.3 mL O<sub>2</sub> • h<sup>-1</sup> • g<sup>-9.75</sup>) were independent of both temperature and physical properties of the soil.  Radio-telemetry studies indicated that free-ranging gophers are active =50% of each day.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Conservative estimates of true energy consumption were calculated using estimates of habitat-specific minimum daily burrowing requirements.  Rates of burrowing measured in the laboratory were either ∞ 0.0 or ∞ 2.0 cm/min.  The low burrowing rate was observed when the soil was frozen or saturated with water, as would occur in the field in early winter and in spring, respectively.  Gophers burrowed through soil at the study site at an average rate of ∞ 1.5 cm/min.  Belowground food energy densities at gopher foraging depth declined from 24.6 to 3.2 J/cm<sup>3</sup> along a successional gradient (subalpine forb meadow to Engelmann spruce dominated forest).  We conclude that individual gophers are food limited within the climax spruce seral stage.  Further, daily energy costs associated with reproduction in females may exceed the belowground energy supply available in intermediate seral stages (aspen and subalpine fir).  Reduction of burrowing rates for any reason will affect gophers in the late seral stages proportionately more than those resident in the meadow.  The peak gopher densities recorded (from 62 individuals/ha in the meadow to 2 individuals/ha in spruce forest) support these inferences.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Detailed demographic information was obtained only in the meadow seral stage.  Adult survivorship was lower in winter than in summer and varied greatly between years (0.18-0.70 yr<sup>-1</sup>).  Juvenile survivorship from weaning through the first year was comparable to adult annual rates.  The fertility rate was 3.75 young • female<sup>-1</sup> • yr<sup>-1</sup>.</p>\n<br/>\n<o>The energy supply and demand analyses indicate that the growth of <i>Thomomys talpoides</i> populations in the early seral stages is seldom directly limited by the amount of food present.  From our demographic, environmental, and autecological studies we conclude that stochastic events associated with weather affect energy acquisition (burrowing) rates, and thus survivorship.  In montane environments, such events may prevent populations from attaining sizes at which territorial behavior would hypothetically limit further increases.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The energy flow through the meadow population at moderate to high )1976-1977) densities (at least 1100 MJ • ha<sup>-1</sup> • yr<sup>-1</sup>) indicates that pocket gophers are proficient energy movers relative to non-fossorial small mammals.  Subalpine <i>T. talpoides</i> populations appear commonly to attain such densities.  More than 30% of the annual primary productivity allocated to belowground parts of meadow forbs may be consumed by gophers.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Tempe, AZ","doi":"10.2307/2937262","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., and MacMahon, J.A., 1981, Population dynamics and bioenergetics of a fossorial herbivore, <i>Thomomys talpoides</i> (Rodentia: Geomyidae), in a spruce-fir sere: Ecological Monographs, v. 51, no. 2, p. 179-202, https://doi.org/10.2307/2937262.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292091,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2937262"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ec7bcfe4b02bf5a7674088","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, Douglas C. doug_andersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Douglas C.","email":"doug_andersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacMahon, James A.","contributorId":9581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacMahon","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70236732,"text":"70236732 - 1981 - Broad area forest fuels and topography mapping using digital Landsat and terrain data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T15:43:49.90895","indexId":"70236732","displayToPublicDate":"1981-06-01T10:28:02","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Broad area forest fuels and topography mapping using digital Landsat and terrain data","docAbstract":"<p>A spatially registered digital data base of fuels and terrain information was generated for a test site on the Lolo National Forest in Montana. The data base was developed specifically for providing spatially relevant data to a mathematical fire behavior model developed by the Forest Service which integrates this information along with current weather data to produce realistic estimates of probable fire behavior.</p><p>Methodologies for the processing and analysis of Landsat MSS and digital terrain data for the mapping of U.S. Forest Service fuel types were developed and demonstrated. Key elements in the mapping process were the development of a fuels terrain distribution model which provided a statistical description of the topographic distribution patterns of fuels within spectral classes, and secondly, the application of a layered classifier which incorporated the spectral and terrain data in a two-stage maximum likelihood classification framework for the mapping of fuels.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seventh international symposium: Machine processing of remotely sensed data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh International Symposium: Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data","conferenceDate":"June 23-26, 1981","conferenceLocation":"West Lafayette, Indiana, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Purdue Univeristy","usgsCitation":"Shasby, M., Burgan, R.E., and Johnson, G.R., 1981, Broad area forest fuels and topography mapping using digital Landsat and terrain data, <i>in</i> Seventh international symposium: Machine processing of remotely sensed data, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, June 23-26, 1981, p. 529-538.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"538","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406847,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/lars_symp/462/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Lolo National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.13970947265625,\n              46.74927110475196\n            ],\n    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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shasby, Mark shasbym@usgs.gov","contributorId":223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shasby","given":"Mark","email":"shasbym@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgan, Robert E.","contributorId":149864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgan","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Gregg R. grjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregg","email":"grjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":852042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011713,"text":"70011713 - 1981 - Zooplankton fecal pellets link fossil fuel and phosphate deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-23T16:30:07.111015","indexId":"70011713","displayToPublicDate":"1981-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zooplankton fecal pellets link fossil fuel and phosphate deposits","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Fossil zooplankton fecal pellets found in thinly bedded marine and lacustrine black shales associated with phosphate, oil, and coal deposits, link the deposition of organic matter and biologically associated minerals with planktonic ecosystems. The black shales were probably formed in the anoxic basins of coastal marine waters, inland seas, and rift valley lakes where high productivity was supported by runoff, upwelling, and outwelling.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.212.4497.931","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Porter, K., and Robbins, E.I., 1981, Zooplankton fecal pellets link fossil fuel and phosphate deposits: Science, v. 212, no. 4497, p. 931-933, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.212.4497.931.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"931","endPage":"933","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221462,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"212","issue":"4497","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd29ee4b08c986b32f910","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, K.G.","contributorId":15319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, E. I.","contributorId":101269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70210121,"text":"70210121 - 1981 - Petrographic and chemical characteristics of pyrite-marcasite mineralization in hole 465A, southern Hess Rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-15T13:18:21.866608","indexId":"70210121","displayToPublicDate":"1981-05-14T13:16:03","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrographic and chemical characteristics of pyrite-marcasite mineralization in hole 465A, southern Hess Rise","docAbstract":"<p>Core recovered from Hess Rise contains concentrations of pyrite, marcasite, and barite in the lowermost meter of limestone (Unit II) and in the brecciated upper part of the underlying volcanic basement (Unit HI). Petrographic and chemical data indicate that the sulfide-barite assemblage in the limestone is mainly a product of low-temperature diagenetic processes. The iron-sulfide phases are biogenic and their concentrations mark the diffusion of sea water sulfate through sedimentary horizons containing abundant organic matter and mafic, glassy volcanogenic detritus. There is some evidence, however, that elevated temperatures augmented or intensified the synsedimentary diagenetic process.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.62.141.1981","usgsCitation":"Koski, R.A., and Hein, J.R., 1981, Petrographic and chemical characteristics of pyrite-marcasite mineralization in hole 465A, southern Hess Rise: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 62, p. 855-862, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.62.141.1981.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"855","endPage":"862","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.62.141.1981","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":374838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":789201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012139,"text":"70012139 - 1981 - Development of the benethic nepheloid layer on the south Texas continental shelf, western Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-11T16:40:24.128087","indexId":"70012139","displayToPublicDate":"1981-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of the benethic nepheloid layer on the south Texas continental shelf, western Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>A monitoring study of suspended sediment on the South Texas Continental Shelf indicates that a turbid benthic nepheloid layer is regionally persistent. A sequence of quasi-synoptic measurements of the water column obtained during six cruises in an 18-month period indicates substantial spatial and temporal variability in nepheloidlayer characteristics. Regionally, the thickness of the shelf nepheloid layer increases both seaward and in a convergent alongshelf direction. Greatest thicknesses occur over a muddy substrate, indicating a causal relationship; maximum observed local thickness is 35 m which occurs along the southern shelf break. Analyses of suspended particulate matter in shelf bottom waters indicate mean concentrations ranging from 49 · 10</span><sup>4</sup><span>&nbsp;to 111 · 10</span><sup>4</sup><span>&nbsp;particle counts/cc; concentrations persistently increase shoreward throughout the region. Bottom particulate matter is predominantly composed of inorganic detritus. Admixtures of organic skeletal particles, primarily diatoms, are generally present but average less than 10% of the total particulate composition. Texturally, the particulate matter in bottom waters is predominantly poorly sorted sediment composed of very fine silt (3.9–7.8 μm).</span></p><p><span>The variability in nepheloid-layer characteristics indicates a highly dynamic shelf feature. The relationship of nepheloid-layer characteristics to hydrographic and substrate conditions suggests a conceptual model whereby nepheloid-layer development and maintenance are the results of the resuspension of sea-floor sediment. Bottom turbulence is attributed primarily to vertical shear and shoaling progressive internal waves generated by migrating shelf-water masses, especially oceanic frontal systems, and secondarily to shoaling surface gravity waves.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(81)90103-1","usgsCitation":"Shideler, G.L., 1981, Development of the benethic nepheloid layer on the south Texas continental shelf, western Gulf of Mexico: Marine Geology, v. 41, no. 1-2, p. 37-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(81)90103-1.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"61","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"western Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.35530008813947,\n              29.837594915437734\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.52339711478857,\n              29.837594915437734\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.52339711478857,\n              25.846668951564865\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.35530008813947,\n              25.846668951564865\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.35530008813947,\n              29.837594915437734\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a007ae4b0c8380cd4f767","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shideler, Gerald L.","contributorId":89137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shideler","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70203088,"text":"70203088 - 1981 - Reservoir analysis of the Denver earthquakes: A case of induced seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:06:40","indexId":"70203088","displayToPublicDate":"1981-04-18T11:29:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reservoir analysis of the Denver earthquakes: A case of induced seismicity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Injection of fluid wastes into the fractured Precambrian crystalline bedrock beneath the Rocky Mountain Arsenal near Denver triggered earthquakes in the 1960's. An analysis, based on the assumption that fluid flow in the fractured reservoir can be approximated by flow in a porous medium, is presented. The configuration and hydrologic properties of the reservoir are determined from two lines of evidence: (1) locations of earthquake hypocenters determined by seismic arrays installed at the Arsenal and (2) observed long-term decline in fluid levels in the injection well. Together these two sets of data indicate that a long, narrow reservoir, aligned in the direction N 60°W, exists. The reservoir is 3.35 km in width, extends 30.5 km to the northwest and infinitely to the southeast, and spans a depth interval from 3.7 to 7.0 km below land surface. It has a transmissivity of 1.08×10-5 m2/s and a storage coefficient of 1.0×10-5. Computed pressure buildup along the length of the reservoir is compared with the spatial distribution of earthquake epicenters. The comparison shows that earthquakes are confined to that part of the reservoir where the pressure buildup exceeds 32 bars. This critical value is interpreted as the pressure buildup above which earthquakes occur. The migration of earthquake epicenters away from the injection well, a phenomenon noted by previous investigators, can be accounted for by the outward propagation of the critical pressure buildup. The analysis is extended to examining the effects of rapid flow in fractures opened by high injection pressure. The results show that the effect is confined to a small region within 1 km of the injection well. The existence of a critical pressure buildup above which earthquakes occur is completely consistent with the theory on the role of fluid pressure in fault movement as presented by Hubbert and Rubey.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB02p00903","usgsCitation":"Hsieh, P.A., and Bredehoeft, J.D., 1981, Reservoir analysis of the Denver earthquakes: A case of induced seismicity: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 86, no. B2, p. 903-920, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB02p00903.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"903","endPage":"920","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb086ib02p00903","text":"External Repository"},{"id":363032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.99609375,\n              39.00851330385611\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.73291015625,\n              39.00851330385611\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.73291015625,\n              40.5930995321649\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.99609375,\n              40.5930995321649\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.99609375,\n              39.00851330385611\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bredehoeft, John D.","contributorId":86747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012136,"text":"70012136 - 1981 - Encounter with Saturn: Voyager 1 imaging science results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-23T16:36:47.663533","indexId":"70012136","displayToPublicDate":"1981-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Encounter with Saturn: Voyager 1 imaging science results","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>As Voyager 1 flew through the Saturn system it returned photographs revealing many new and surprising characteristics of this complicated community of bodies. Saturn's atmosphere has numerous, low-contrast, discrete cloud features and a pattern of circulation significantly different from that of Jupiter. Titan is shrouded in a haze layer that varies in thickness and appearance. Among the icy satellites there is considerable variety in density, albedo, and surface morphology and substantial evidence for endogenic surface modification. Trends in density and crater characteristics are quite unlike those of the Galilean satellites. Small inner satellites, three of which were discovered in Voyager images, interact gravitationally with one another and with the ring particles in ways not observed elsewhere in the solar system. Saturn's broad A, B, and C rings contain hundreds of \"ringlets,\" and in the densest portion of the B ring there are numerous nonaxisymmetric features. The narrow F ring has three components which, in at least one instance, are kinked and crisscrossed. Two rings are observed beyond the F ring, and material is seen between the C ring and the planet.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.212.4491.163","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Smith, B., Soderblom, L., Beebe, R., Boyce, J., Briggs, G., Bunker, A., Collins, S., Hansen, C., Johnson, T.V., Mitchell, J., Terrile, R., Carr, M., Cook, A., Cuzzi, J., Pollack, J.B., Danielson, G.E., Ingersoll, A., Davies, M.E., Hunt, G., Masursky, H., Shoemaker, E., Morrison, D., Owen, T., Sagan, C., Veverka, J., Strom, R., and Suomi, V., 1981, Encounter with Saturn: Voyager 1 imaging science results: Science, v. 212, no. 4491, p. 163-191, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.212.4491.163.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"191","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Rings of Saturn, Saturn, Titan","volume":"212","issue":"4491","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a091ce4b0c8380cd51df8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, B.A.","contributorId":17616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderblom, L.","contributorId":106244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beebe, R.","contributorId":91627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beebe","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyce, J.","contributorId":24918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Briggs, G.","contributorId":16567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bunker, A.","contributorId":84079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunker","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Collins, S.A.","contributorId":63947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hansen, C.J.","contributorId":72530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, T. V.","contributorId":79619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mitchell, J.L.","contributorId":13750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Terrile, R.J.","contributorId":27194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrile","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Carr, M.","contributorId":105845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Cook, A.F. II","contributorId":95184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"A.F.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Cuzzi, J.","contributorId":28366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuzzi","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Pollack, James B.","contributorId":12616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollack","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Danielson, G. Edward","contributorId":58769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Ingersoll, A.","contributorId":48313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Davies, M. 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,{"id":70236916,"text":"70236916 - 1981 - Estimating rangeland cover proportions with large-scale color-infrared aerial photographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T20:01:16.614051","indexId":"70236916","displayToPublicDate":"1981-04-01T14:45:27","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating rangeland cover proportions with large-scale color-infrared aerial photographs","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the eighth biennial workshop on color aerial photography in the plant sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Color aerial photography in the plant sciences and related fields","conferenceDate":"April 21-23, 1981","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","usgsCitation":"Van Zee, C.J., and Bonner, K., 1981, Estimating rangeland cover proportions with large-scale color-infrared aerial photographs, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the eighth biennial workshop on color aerial photography in the plant sciences, April 21-23, 1981, p. 73-82.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Mountains, Harvey Valley, Lassen National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.13731384277344,\n              40.701984159668676\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.85063934326172,\n              40.701984159668676\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.85063934326172,\n              40.8028950718582\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.13731384277344,\n              40.8028950718582\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.13731384277344,\n              40.701984159668676\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Zee, Calvin J.","contributorId":296890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Zee","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonner, Kris","contributorId":296891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonner","given":"Kris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221670,"text":"5221670 - 1981 - Return of the gray wolf to Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-15T16:14:47.719794","indexId":"5221670","displayToPublicDate":"1981-04-01T12:19:15","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Return of the gray wolf to Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Five gray wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) specimens were examined from Wisconsin from 1975 through 1979; each had been killed by human beings, accidentally or intentionally. 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,{"id":5221696,"text":"5221696 - 1981 - Species differences in hematological values of captive cranes, geese, raptors, and quail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T16:17:33.997354","indexId":"5221696","displayToPublicDate":"1981-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species differences in hematological values of captive cranes, geese, raptors, and quail","docAbstract":"Hematological and serum chemical constituents of blood were determined for 12 species, including 7 endangered species, of cranes, geese, raptors, and quail in captivity at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Means, standard deviations, analysis of variance by species and sex, and a series of multiple comparisons of means were derived for each parameter investigated. Differences among some species means were observed in all blood parameters except gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Although sampled during the reproductively quiescent period, an influence of sex was noted in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, Ca, and P. Our data and values reported in literature indicate that most hematological parameters vary among species and, in some cases, according to methods used to determine them. Therefore, baseline data for captive and wild birds should be established by using standard methods, and should be made available to aid others for use in assessing physiological and pathological conditions of these species.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3807928","usgsCitation":"Gee, G.F., Carpenter, J.W., and Hensler, G.L., 1981, Species differences in hematological values of captive cranes, geese, raptors, and quail: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 45, no. 2, p. 463-483, https://doi.org/10.2307/3807928.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"483","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199168,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c52b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gee, George F.","contributorId":113443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, James W.","contributorId":91518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":334474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hensler, Gary L.","contributorId":23111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensler","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221699,"text":"5221699 - 1981 - Wildlife mortality at petroleum pits in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T16:01:42.440651","indexId":"5221699","displayToPublicDate":"1981-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildlife mortality at petroleum pits in Texas","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3807949","usgsCitation":"Flickinger, E.L., 1981, Wildlife mortality at petroleum pits in Texas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 45, no. 2, p. 560-564, https://doi.org/10.2307/3807949.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"564","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research 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,{"id":5221725,"text":"5221725 - 1981 - Suspected Great Blue Heron population decline after a severe winter in the Columbia Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-09T16:20:50.098274","indexId":"5221725","displayToPublicDate":"1981-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2793,"text":"Murrelet","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspected Great Blue Heron population decline after a severe winter in the Columbia Basin","docAbstract":"<p> The wintering range of the Great Blue Heron (<i>Ardea herodias</i>) extends further north than does that of any other member of the Ciconiiformes in North America. The northern limits of its range extend along the Pacific coast into southeastern Alaska, into Massachusetts on the Atlantic coast, and inland into southern Montana (Palmer 1962). In the northern part of its range, severe winter weather may persist for weeks or months. Little information is available regarding either the response of individual Great Blue Herons to severe winters or the effects of these conditions on populations. In this paper, we report our observations on a small heron population in Oregon and Washington that was exposed to a severe winter.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","doi":"10.2307/3534443","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., and Henny, C.J., 1981, Suspected Great Blue Heron population decline after a severe winter in the Columbia Basin: Murrelet, v. 62, no. 1, p. 16-18, https://doi.org/10.2307/3534443.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199166,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18525,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3534443","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia 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 \"}}]}","volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, Lawrence J.","contributorId":35199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003170,"text":"1003170 - 1981 - Polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor (R) 1254) residues in rainbow trout: Effects on sensitivity to nine fishery chemicals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-01T16:21:00.452214","indexId":"1003170","displayToPublicDate":"1981-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor (R) 1254) residues in rainbow trout: Effects on sensitivity to nine fishery chemicals","docAbstract":"<p>The influence of background polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues in rainbow trout (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>) on the susceptibility of the fish to nine chemicals routinely or occasionally used in fishery operations was evaluated. Rainbow trout fry were divided into three groups: one was exposed to 0.01 ppb and another to 0.1 ppb of the PCB Aroclor (R) 1254; the third (control) group was unexposed. After 30 days of exposure, whole body residues were 0.28 and 2.31 ppm for fish exposed to 0.01 and 0.1 ppb, respectively; control fish had residue concentrations of 0.04 ppm. Acute toxicity tests showed that both groups of exposed fish were more sensitive to rotenone and 2,4-D. Exposure did not significantly affect sensitivity to 2-[digeranylamino]-ethanol (GD-174), 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), nifurpirinol (Furanace), tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222), or copper sulfate. Fishery managers should be aware that sensitivity of fish to control chemicals may be altered by the presence of contaminants in the water or residues of contaminants in the fish.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1981)1<200:PBARRI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bills, T., Marking, L.L., and Mauck, W., 1981, Polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor (R) 1254) residues in rainbow trout: Effects on sensitivity to nine fishery chemicals: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 1, no. 2, p. 200-203, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)1<200:PBARRI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"203","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, T.D.","contributorId":6393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mauck, W.L.","contributorId":36100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauck","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70208961,"text":"70208961 - 1981 - Permian and Triassic rocks near Quinn River Crossing, Humboldt County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T13:07:36","indexId":"70208961","displayToPublicDate":"1981-03-09T12:49:28","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permian and Triassic rocks near Quinn River Crossing, Humboldt County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Permian and Triassic rocks near Quinn River Crossing, Humboldt County, Nevada, consist of four structural blocks: (1) a Lower Permian volcanic block; (2) a Permian(?) chert-arenite block; (3) a Lower Permian limestone block; and (4) a Permian and Triassic block. The contacts between the Permian volcanic block and the others are interpreted as thrust faults or glide surfaces. None of these rocks are metamorphosed, in contrast to those of the surrounding mountain ranges. Each of the blocks is lithically similar in some respects to rocks of the Osgood Mountains area 80 km to the southeast. The fusulinid and brachiopod faunas of two of the blocks display affinities to those of the McCloud Limestone of northern California and the Coyote Butte Limestone of central Oregon, and the fauna of another block has elements in common with autochthonous rocks of eastern Nevada and Utah.</p><p>All four blocks probably are allochthonous with respect to the rocks exposed in the surrounding mountain ranges, but their points of origin remain obscure. The rocks at Quinn River Crossing provide a link among the Permian rocks of north-central Nevada, northern California, and central Oregon and a possible key to their original relations, but more comparative data are needed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9<123:PATRNQ>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ketner, K.B., and Wardlaw, B.R., 1981, Permian and Triassic rocks near Quinn River Crossing, Humboldt County, Nevada: Geology, v. 9, no. 3, p. 123-126, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9<123:PATRNQ>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Humboldt","otherGeospatial":"Quinn River Crossing","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-117.0293,42.0003],[-117.0175,42.0003],[-117.0171,41.6942],[-117.0173,41.667],[-117.0174,41.6457],[-117.0177,41.5167],[-117.0177,41.5113],[-117.0172,41.5018],[-117.0174,41.4732],[-117.0175,41.4586],[-117.0174,41.3842],[-117.0175,41.3697],[-117.0176,41.3556],[-117.0177,41.3411],[-117.0172,41.3266],[-117.0173,41.3107],[-117.0174,41.2971],[-117.0175,41.283],[-117.0176,41.268],[-117.0173,41.2249],[-117.0173,41.2109],[-117.0169,41.1954],[-117.0169,41.1809],[-117.017,41.1668],[-117.0177,41.1519],[-117.0173,41.1364],[-117.0169,41.0929],[-117.017,41.0779],[-117.0171,41.0639],[-117.0172,41.0493],[-117.0173,41.0344],[-117.0168,41.0203],[-117.0169,41.0058],[-117.017,41.0003],[-117.0164,40.9899],[-117.0171,40.9754],[-117.0166,40.9609],[-117.0167,40.9454],[-117.0168,40.9318],[-117.0169,40.9169],[-117.0176,40.9019],[-117.0171,40.8865],[-117.0172,40.8715],[-117.0173,40.8583],[-117.0168,40.8447],[-117.0175,40.8302],[-117.017,40.8148],[-117.0179,40.7712],[-117.0183,40.7123],[-117.019,40.6978],[-117.0179,40.6846],[-117.0174,40.6687],[-117.0169,40.6542],[-117.0164,40.6415],[-117.0357,40.642],[-117.0551,40.6417],[-117.0733,40.6417],[-117.0921,40.6418],[-117.1115,40.6414],[-117.1302,40.6414],[-117.1502,40.641],[-117.1684,40.6406],[-117.1866,40.6402],[-117.2078,40.6398],[-117.2272,40.6399],[-117.2459,40.6399],[-117.249,40.6358],[-117.2539,40.6254],[-117.2606,40.6105],[-117.2624,40.6064],[-117.2673,40.5964],[-117.274,40.5819],[-117.2807,40.567],[-117.2874,40.5525],[-117.2935,40.538],[-117.2977,40.5334],[-117.3008,40.5244],[-117.3007,40.5674],[-117.3,40.5815],[-117.3012,40.5965],[-117.3011,40.6105],[-117.3011,40.6259],[-117.3011,40.64],[-117.3016,40.655],[-117.3016,40.6699],[-117.3016,40.6827],[-117.4137,40.6828],[-117.4525,40.6833],[-117.4694,40.6833],[-117.4906,40.6833],[-117.5088,40.6837],[-117.5258,40.6837],[-117.5488,40.6837],[-117.5682,40.6837],[-117.5882,40.6837],[-117.6076,40.6837],[-117.6428,40.6836],[-117.6428,40.7122],[-117.6423,40.7281],[-117.6423,40.7439],[-117.6423,40.7571],[-117.6423,40.7703],[-117.6431,40.8438],[-117.6431,40.8574],[-117.6595,40.8573],[-117.679,40.8573],[-117.6984,40.8568],[-117.7185,40.8573],[-117.7373,40.8572],[-117.7549,40.8572],[-117.8497,40.8574],[-117.8691,40.8574],[-117.8898,40.8573],[-117.9092,40.8572],[-117.9293,40.8572],[-117.9487,40.8571],[-117.9676,40.857],[-117.9828,40.857],[-118.0046,40.8569],[-118.0229,40.8568],[-118.0423,40.8567],[-118.063,40.8567],[-118.0818,40.857],[-118.0988,40.8569],[-118.1183,40.8573],[-118.1365,40.8572],[-118.1553,40.8571],[-118.1754,40.857],[-118.1991,40.8569],[-118.2142,40.8573],[-118.2349,40.8567],[-118.255,40.8566],[-118.2738,40.8564],[-118.2932,40.8563],[-118.3127,40.8562],[-118.3291,40.8561],[-118.3509,40.856],[-118.3692,40.8563],[-118.388,40.8557],[-118.4081,40.856],[-118.4275,40.8559],[-118.4439,40.8558],[-118.4646,40.8556],[-118.4834,40.8555],[-118.5028,40.8553],[-118.5235,40.8551],[-118.5411,40.855],[-118.5435,40.855],[-118.6717,40.8548],[-118.6906,40.8546],[-118.7781,40.8556],[-118.7872,40.8555],[-118.7869,40.9049],[-118.7871,40.9172],[-118.7869,40.9426],[-118.7879,40.9607],[-118.8414,40.9606],[-118.9546,40.9607],[-119.0903,40.9591],[-119.1627,40.9591],[-119.3088,40.9589],[-119.3288,40.9586],[-119.3305,40.9999],[-119.3305,41.235],[-119.317,41.2352],[-119.3042,41.2354],[-119.3038,41.2676],[-119.3033,41.2957],[-119.3028,41.3225],[-119.302,41.3888],[-119.3021,41.4133],[-119.3229,41.413],[-119.323,41.443],[-119.3227,41.5256],[-119.3226,41.5905],[-119.3262,41.5905],[-119.3287,41.5905],[-119.3287,41.5918],[-119.3278,41.6963],[-119.3275,41.7103],[-119.3279,41.7703],[-119.3276,41.8566],[-119.3227,41.8571],[-119.3244,41.9936],[-119.1449,41.9942],[-119.0478,41.9946],[-118.9076,41.9935],[-118.7764,41.993],[-118.7723,41.993],[-118.5914,41.9943],[-118.4287,41.9952],[-118.3891,41.9954],[-118.3496,41.9956],[-118.3125,41.9958],[-118.2341,41.9963],[-118.2137,41.9964],[-118.1952,41.9965],[-118.155,41.9967],[-118.1352,41.9968],[-118.0784,41.9971],[-118.0426,41.9974],[-118.0191,41.9974],[-117.9264,41.9979],[-117.8289,41.9981],[-117.8066,41.9981],[-117.7733,41.9982],[-117.7726,41.9982],[-117.7152,41.9982],[-117.7083,41.9983],[-117.6694,41.9983],[-117.6509,41.9984],[-117.6164,41.9984],[-117.612,41.9984],[-117.5582,41.9987],[-117.53,41.9987],[-117.5038,41.9988],[-117.4899,41.9988],[-117.4003,41.9984],[-117.2864,41.9985],[-117.2307,41.9991],[-117.0298,42.0003],[-117.0293,42.0003]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Humboldt\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketner, Keith B.","contributorId":957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":784205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007518,"text":"1007518 - 1981 - Dark CO2-fixation and diurnal malic acid fluctuations in the submerged-aquatic Isoetes storkii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-21T16:38:42.86719","indexId":"1007518","displayToPublicDate":"1981-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dark CO2-fixation and diurnal malic acid fluctuations in the submerged-aquatic Isoetes storkii","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the leaves (but not corms) of the submerged aquatic&nbsp;</span><i>Isoetes storkii</i><span>&nbsp;malic acid concentration fluctuated from 22 μeg g FW</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;in the evening to 171 μeg g FW</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;in the morning. Associated with this was a change in titratable acidity of 152 μeg g FW</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;between morning and evening.&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C carbon was fixed in both the light and the dark, though the amount of carbon fixed in the light was more than that fixed in the dark. Autoradiographs show 88% of&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;fixed in the dark is recovered after 1 h, in malic acid and the remainder in one other unidentified product, whereas these two products contain less than 15% of the&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C fixed after 1 h exposure to&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;in the light. It is suggested that CAM metabolism in this aquatic species may be related to the low availability of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;for photosynthesis during the day in its aquatic environment and that this metabolic pathway may prove common in the genus&nbsp;</span><i>Isoetes</i><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF00346490","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., Morton, B., Babcock, B., Castillo, P., Fish, B., Jerauld, E., Johnson, B., Landre, L., Lum, H., Miller, C., Parker, A., and Van Steenwyk, G., 1981, Dark CO2-fixation and diurnal malic acid fluctuations in the submerged-aquatic Isoetes storkii: Oecologia, v. 48, no. 3, p. 332-333, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346490.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"332","endPage":"333","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e3c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, B.","contributorId":98677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Babcock, B.","contributorId":104854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Castillo, P.","contributorId":7232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castillo","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fish, B.","contributorId":19908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jerauld, E.","contributorId":45255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jerauld","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, B.","contributorId":54916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Landre, L.","contributorId":38102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landre","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lum, H.","contributorId":10370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miller, C.","contributorId":44114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Parker, A.","contributorId":41777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Van Steenwyk, G.","contributorId":32867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Steenwyk","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70157017,"text":"70157017 - 1981 - The Saudi Arabian Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources Remote Sensing Center : services and applications of Landsat Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-02T19:40:42","indexId":"70157017","displayToPublicDate":"1981-03-05T06:30:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"The Saudi Arabian Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources Remote Sensing Center : services and applications of Landsat Data","language":"English","publisher":"Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"Ferguson, K.P., Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources, 1981, The Saudi Arabian Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources Remote Sensing Center : services and applications of Landsat Data, iv, 28 p. : maps ; 28 cm.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. : maps ; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              32.08007812499999,\n              33.137551192346145\n            ],\n            [\n              43.59375,\n              11.867350911459308\n            ],\n            [\n              62.40234375,\n              20.220965779522313\n            ],\n            [\n              43.681640625,\n              38.272688535980976\n            ],\n            [\n              32.08007812499999,\n              33.137551192346145\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb707e4b058f706e53ef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferguson, Kenneth P. Jr.","contributorId":147343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Kenneth","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":571326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","contributorId":147327,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","id":571327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156963,"text":"70156963 - 1981 - An earth-science bibliography of the Arabian Peninsula and surrounding area, 1980 supplement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-02T13:54:25","indexId":"70156963","displayToPublicDate":"1981-03-05T02:30:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"An earth-science bibliography of the Arabian Peninsula and surrounding area, 1980 supplement","docAbstract":"<p><span>An interagency report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabian Mission for the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources, and U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission, 1981, An earth-science bibliography of the Arabian Peninsula and surrounding area, 1980 supplement, iii, 117 p.","productDescription":"iii, 117 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e81dabe4b0dacf699e6652","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Rooney, R.E.","contributorId":147329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rooney","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571257,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selner, G.I.","contributorId":13229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selner","given":"G.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571258,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","contributorId":147327,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Saudi Arabia. Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","id":571255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","contributorId":147326,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","id":571256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70208902,"text":"70208902 - 1981 - Geology and concepts of genesis of important types of uranium deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-11T20:13:21.119676","indexId":"70208902","displayToPublicDate":"1981-03-04T13:58:29","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geology and concepts of genesis of important types of uranium deposits","docAbstract":"<p>Uranium ore deposits occur in nearly every major rock type in the earth’s crust, and nearly all igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary processes are capable of concentrating or dispersing uranium. However, only three types of deposits account for more than 70 percent of known Western World Reasonably Assured Resources (WWRAR): Precambrian quartz-pebble conglomerate type, Proterozoic unconformity type, and Phanerozoic sandstone type. Igneous-related processes in plutonic, volcanic, and magmatic-hydrothermal environments, considered important 25 years ago, now account for less than 10 percent of world resources known at present.</p><p>The oldest known ore deposits were formed in conglomerates by placer processes under unique anoxic conditions. For the last 2.2 b.y., since oxygenation of the atmosphere, the genesis of both high- and low-temperature deposits has been dominated by three general geochemical processes: (1) oxidation of uranium to soluble U(VI) species permitting aqueous transport, perhaps most commonly as uranyl-carbonate complexes; (2) reduction, principally by C, S<sup>−2</sup>, or Fe<sup>+2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>species, to U(IV) to allow precipitation of uraninite (pitchblende), and coffinite, although the specific reductant commonly cannot be determined because these three tend to be associated geologically; and (3) igneous and metamorphic differentiation caused by exclusion of uranium from crystal structure of most rock-forming minerals.</p><p>The geochemistry of uranium ore-forming processes has changed in time because of the evolution of life forms and their impact on the earth’s oxygen and carbon budgets. This evolution is reflected in changing predominance of ore types in geologic time: (1) pre-2.8 b.y. ago—no known uranium ore deposits; (2) ca. 2.8 to 2.2 b.y. ago—the first intràcratonic basins and anoxic atmosphere permitted accumulation of placer deposits of uraninite in quartz-pebble conglomerates; these deposits contain about 19 percent of the western world’s resources; (3) ca. 2.2 to 0.4 b.y. ago—following oxygenation of the atmosphere uranium was oxidized and transported as soluble U(VI) complexes to sites of reduction, commonly in organic carbon-rich marginal marine environments. Diagenesis, metamorphism, and near-surface redox enrichment subsequently formed unconformity-type, ultrametamorphic-type, and vein-type ore deposits which together contain more than 25 percent of the western world’s resources; (4) ca. 0.4 b.y. ago to present—after development of land plants the most important ore-forming process was redox-controlled deposition from ground water in continental sediments. Sandstone-type deposits, characteristic of this stage, contain about 40 percent of the western world’s resources.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology, Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Volume","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","isbn":"9781934969533","usgsCitation":"Nash, J.T., Granger, H., and Adams, S., 1981, Geology and concepts of genesis of important types of uranium deposits, chap. <i>of</i> Economic Geology, Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Volume, p. 63-116.","productDescription":"54","startPage":"63","endPage":"116","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":375536,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1820/chapter/107705298/Geology-and-Concepts-of-Genesis-of-Important-Types","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granger, H.C.","contributorId":15203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granger","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, S.S.","contributorId":223033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156973,"text":"70156973 - 1981 - Seismicity of the Yanbu region Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-02T15:09:52","indexId":"70156973","displayToPublicDate":"1981-03-04T02:30:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Seismicity of the Yanbu region Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","language":"English","publisher":"Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"Merghelani, H.M., Irvine, J., U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabian Project, and Saudi Arabia. Wizārat al-Batrūl wa-al-Tharwah al-Maʻdinīyah, 1981, Seismicity of the Yanbu region Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, iii, 32 p. : maps ; 28 cm.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p. : maps ; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              37.276611328125,\n              21.728885873951484\n            ],\n            [\n              37.276611328125,\n              25.27450351782018\n            ],\n            [\n              40.5615234375,\n              25.27450351782018\n            ],\n            [\n              40.5615234375,\n              21.728885873951484\n            ],\n            [\n              37.276611328125,\n              21.728885873951484\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6fae4b058f706e53e7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merghelani, Habib M.","contributorId":35726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merghelani","given":"Habib","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irvine, J.L.","contributorId":147332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irvine","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabian Project","contributorId":147331,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabian Project","id":571284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saudi Arabia. Wizārat al-Batrūl wa-al-Tharwah al-Maʻdinīyah","contributorId":147333,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Saudi Arabia. Wizārat al-Batrūl wa-al-Tharwah al-Maʻdinīyah","id":571285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70208810,"text":"70208810 - 1981 - Pacific Coast coccolith stratigraphy between Point Conception and Cabo Corrientes, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 63","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T11:09:36","indexId":"70208810","displayToPublicDate":"1981-03-02T10:55:12","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pacific Coast coccolith stratigraphy between Point Conception and Cabo Corrientes, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 63","docAbstract":"<p>DSDP Leg 63 recovered Neogene coccoliths from south of Point Conception, California (Site 467), to north of Cabo Corrientes, Mexico (Site 473), as part of a traverse exploring the sedimentary record of the California Current along the Pacific Coast. A combination of temperate and tropical zonations were used to date Leg 63 coccolith assemblages because of intergradations of warm and cool species along the transect. Variations in the abundance and the presence and absence of Discoaster species are useful in recognizing warm-cool intergradations. New taxa described in this report include <i>Discoaster okadai n. sp., D. sanmiguelensis n. sp., Helicosphaera californiana n. sp., H. crouchii n. sp., H. gertae n. sp., and H. vedderi n. sp. </i></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.63.111.1981","usgsCitation":"Bukry, D., 1981, Pacific Coast coccolith stratigraphy between Point Conception and Cabo Corrientes, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 63: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 63, p. 445-471, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.63.111.1981.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"471","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.63.111.1981","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Mexico","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Baja California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.171875,\n              23.36242859340884\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.01562499999999,\n              34.161818161230386\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70654296874999,\n              37.78808138412046\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.62890625,\n              36.77409249464195\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.673828125,\n              31.052933985705163\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.64306640625,\n              20.694461597907797\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.171875,\n              23.36242859340884\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208807,"text":"70208807 - 1981 - Silicoflagellate stratigraphy of offshore California and Baja California, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 63.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T10:40:12","indexId":"70208807","displayToPublicDate":"1981-03-02T10:26:47","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Silicoflagellate stratigraphy of offshore California and Baja California, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 63.","docAbstract":"<p>Quantitative study of middle and upper Miocene silicoflagellate assemblages from Pacific Coast Sites 467 and 469 to 472 has permitted identification of warm- and temperate-water biostratigraphic zones and the formulation of a model for relative paleotemperature values (Ts) on the basis of warm- and temperate-genera abundances. Geographic and temporal trends in Ts for Pacific Coast assemblages are indicated. Three new taxa are described: Dictyocha subclinata Bukry n. sp., Mesocena diodon borderlandensis Bukry n. subsp., and M. hexalitha Bukry, n. sp. The ranges in space and time for several species, such as Dictyocha neonautica var. cocosensis and Distephanus mesophthalmus, are increased. Regionally, barred forms of Distephanus stauracanthus become predominant over ringed forms in the upper part of the middle Miocene Distephanus stauracanthus Subzone. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.63.114.1981","usgsCitation":"Bukry, D., 1981, Silicoflagellate stratigraphy of offshore California and Baja California, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 63.: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 63, p. 539-557, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.63.114.1981.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"557","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.63.114.1981","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Baja California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.91796875,\n              22.350075806124867\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.544921875,\n              22.998851594142913\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.875,\n              24.287026865376436\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3671875,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.88281249999999,\n              33.7243396617476\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.35546875000001,\n              28.14950321154457\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.291015625,\n              22.024545601240337\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.91796875,\n              22.350075806124867\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011991,"text":"70011991 - 1981 - Swash mark and grain flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-26T16:11:20","indexId":"70011991","displayToPublicDate":"1981-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Swash mark and grain flow","docAbstract":"Swash marks composed entirely of coarse sand are commonly found on coarse-sand beaches. These swash marks are 10 to 30 centimeters in width and a few millimeters to one centimeter in height. Previous observations, mostly on finer-sand beaches, indicate swash marks are seldom over a few millimeters in height and are commonly composed of material readily floated by surface tension (e.g., mica flakes and shell fragments). Swash marks composed of coarse sand have both fining seaward and fining with depth trends in grain size. Apparently, the leading margin of a wave upwash drives a highly concentrated flow of grains in which both grain size and grain velocity decrease with depth. Therefore, large grains are transported at greater velocities than are smaller grains. Thus, at the maximum advance of an upwash, a swash mark is deposited which has the observed fining seaward and fining with depth trends in grain size.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F7C61-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, 1981, Swash mark and grain flow: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 51, no. 1, p. 261-264, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7C61-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293051,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/212F7C61-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba32ce4b08c986b31fbd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, Jr.","contributorId":105768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1013613,"text":"1013613 - 1981 - An empirical methodology for estimating entrainment losses at power plants sited on estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-13T16:53:34.119923","indexId":"1013613","displayToPublicDate":"1981-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical methodology for estimating entrainment losses at power plants sited on estuaries","docAbstract":"<p><span>A model based on empirically derived age‐, time‐, and space‐variant entrainment susceptibility data may be used for estimating conditional entrainment mortality of aquatic organisms, particularly fish and shellfish, caused by operation of one or more power plants on an estuary. Model application requires knowledge of the morphometry of the water body, the power‐plant flow rates, the probability of entrainment survival, and the duration, distribution, and abundance of entrainable age‐groups. A novel feature of the model is that organism distribution and movement within the model are defined by information derived from field samples rather than by hydrodynamic principles and equations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1981)110<253:AEMFEE>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Boreman, J., Goodyear, C., and Christensen, S., 1981, An empirical methodology for estimating entrainment losses at power plants sited on estuaries: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 110, no. 2, p. 253-260, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)110<253:AEMFEE>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"260","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132101,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684ac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boreman, J.","contributorId":55372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boreman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodyear, C.P.","contributorId":11538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodyear","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, S.W.","contributorId":8023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011712,"text":"70011712 - 1981 - Geomorphology and sediment stability of a segment of the U.S. continental slope off New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-23T16:48:30.438881","indexId":"70011712","displayToPublicDate":"1981-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphology and sediment stability of a segment of the U.S. continental slope off New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>The morphology of complex deposits of Pleistocene sediments covering the upper continental slope between Lindenkohl Canyon and South Toms Canyon results from both depositional and erosional processes. Small slump or slide features were detected primarily on the flanks of canyons or valleys and were observed to occur only within Pleistocene-aged sediments. Eocene to Miocene sediments are exposed over much of the mid- and lower slope in this area.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.211.4485.935","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Robb, J.M., Hampson, J., and Twichell, D., 1981, Geomorphology and sediment stability of a segment of the U.S. continental slope off New Jersey: Science, v. 211, no. 4485, p. 935-937, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.211.4485.935.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"935","endPage":"937","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221461,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.37367385915496,\n              40.40015120680235\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.37367385915496,\n              38.46903077827153\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.66231852711805,\n              38.46903077827153\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.66231852711805,\n              40.40015120680235\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.37367385915496,\n              40.40015120680235\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"211","issue":"4485","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a27a8e4b0c8380cd59aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robb, James M.","contributorId":73272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hampson, J.C. Jr.","contributorId":87945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampson","given":"J.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}