Upper Cretaceous (Campanian and Maestrichtian) marine strata of the Rosario Group in the San Diego area include the Point Loma Formation and overlying Cabrillo Formation. These units contain six facies associations: (1) shelf and lagoonal sandstone, (2) slope and basin-plain(?) mudstone, (3) outer-fan lobe sandstone, (4) middle-fan channel-fill sandstone, (5) middle-and inner-fan interchannel and channel-margin thin-bedded turbidites and mudstone, and (6) inner-fan channel-fill conglomerate and sandstone.
The facies associations define a deep-sea fan deposited by westward-flowing sediment gravity flows that transported sediments derived chiefly from batholithic and prebatholithic metamorphic rocks of the Peninsular Ranges. The sedimentary basin initially deepened abruptly, partly aided by eustatic sea-level rise. The fan then prograded westward into the basin, with a retrogradational phase recorded in the uppermost part of the sequence, which is erosionally truncated by transgressive lower Eocene conglomerate.
The fan was deposited along the eastern edge of a forearc basin similar to that of the Great Valley sequence in northern California. The western part of the fan, which probably contained mostly outer-fan lobe and associated basin-plain deposits, appears to have been truncated by late Cenozoic strike-slip faulting associated with the San Andreas fault system. The fan and remnants of the western part of the basin and associated subduction complex may be present on the northwest in the Channel Islands region or still farther north.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03B59495-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, T.H., and Abbott, P.L., 1981, Paleogeography and sedimentology of Upper Cretaceous turbidites, San Diego, California: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 65, no. 7, p. 1256-1284, https://doi.org/10.1306/03B59495-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1256","endPage":"1284","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Diego","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.11130817421397,\n 32.67885906592478\n ],\n [\n -117.17918001960804,\n 32.86908391672556\n ],\n [\n -117.31295641053002,\n 32.85503774104116\n ],\n [\n -117.25492106446796,\n 32.652360799582254\n ],\n [\n -117.11130817421397,\n 32.67885906592478\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73f1e4b0c8380cd77337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, T. H.","contributorId":93057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbott, P. L.","contributorId":14115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011775,"text":"70011775 - 1981 - Variations in stable- isotope ratios of ground waters in seismically active regions of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T01:20:20.009952","indexId":"70011775","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in stable- isotope ratios of ground waters in seismically active regions of California","docAbstract":"Measurements of D and 18O concentrations of ground waters in seismically active regions are potentially useful in earthquake prediction and in elucidating mechanisms operative during earthquakes. Principles of this method are discussed and some preliminary data regarding a magnitude 5.7 earthquake at the Oroville Dam in 1975 and a series of events near San Juan Bautista in 1980 are presented to support the utility of such measurements. After earthquakes, the D content of nearby ground waters increased by several permil while the 18O content remained constant. This increase implies that H2O may have either decomposed or reacted to form molecular H2 at depth. It is emphasized that many areas must be investigated for these effects in order to find a sufficient number of \"sensitive\" water wells and springs to permit a truly effective program of earthquake research.
Emerged Pliocene and Pleistocene shorelines and associated marine deposits were used to determine the magnitude and rate of vertical crustal movement during the past 3 m.y. in the United States Atlantic Coastal Plain of South and North Carolina. On the basis of a new regional ostracode assemblage zonation, planktic biostratigraphic data, and radiometric data, emerged marine deposits were determined to be primarily interglacial and can tentatively be correlated with hemispheric warm intervals in evidence from deep-sea data.
The paleontologic evidence indicates a primary glacio-eustatic component to the local sea-level record and a secondary tectonic component. Net vertical uplift rates averaging 1 to 3 cm/1,000 yr, but perhaps as high as 5 to 10 cm/1,000 yr, are in evidence for the emerged Coastal Plain. Although details of the timing of regional rheological events remain obscure, the trend of net uplift contrasts with general subsidence rates of about 2 to 4 cm/1,000 yr since the Cretaceous in submerged parts of the continental margin near subsiding sedimentary troughs. Hydro-isostatic crustal response to multiple deglaciation events may have periodically uplifted the coast, but long-term lithospheric flexural upwarping in response to sediment loading offshore is a more plausible mechanism to explain the present positions of shorelines above present mean sea level. A eustatic sea-level model is proposed for interglacial high stands of the past 3.0 m.y.
Many recently developed watershed models utilize accumulation and washoff equations to simulate the quality of runofffrom urban impervious areas. These models often have been calibrated by trial and error and with little understanding of model sensitivity to the various parameters. Methodologies for estimating best fit values of the washoff parameters commonly used in these models have been presented previously. In this paper, parameter identification techniques for estimating the accumulation parameters from measured runoff quality data are presented along with a sensitivity analysis of the parameters. Results from application of the techniques and the sensitivity analysis suggest a need for data quantifying the magnitude and identifying the shape of constituent accumulation curves. An exponential accumulation curve is shown to be more general than the linear accumulation curves used in most urban runoff quality models. When determining accumulation rates, attention needs to be given to the effects of residual amounts of constituents remaining after the previous period of storm runoff or street sweeping.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR017i006p01657","usgsCitation":"Alley, W.M., and Smith, P.E., 1981, Estimation of accumulation parameters for urban runoff quality modeling: Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1657-1664, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i006p01657.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1657","endPage":"1664","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b6fe4b0c8380cd5270c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M. walley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Peter E.","contributorId":50609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011787,"text":"70011787 - 1981 - The Lasky cumulative tonnage-grade relationship; a reexamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T17:02:33.411154","indexId":"70011787","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Lasky cumulative tonnage-grade relationship; a reexamination","docAbstract":"The need for interdisciplinary research on resource appraisal techniques was recognized by Samuel G. Lasky, a U.S. Geological Survey geologist, more than 30 years ago. His efforts to devise an appraisal technique that incorporated many attributes of mineral resources resulted in a cumulative tonnage-grade relationship that has been referred to as \"the arithmetic-geometric (A/G) ratio\" or \"Lasky's law\" by later writers. A review of subsequent studies of the increases in available metal to be expected as grade decreases indicates that Lasky's work has at times been misinterpreted. Lasky's relationship is shown to be consistent with studies of the correlation between average grades and tonnages of mineralized material in ore deposits. The projection of Lasky's analysis to lower grades is limited because the mathematical formulation predicts physically impossible situations below some limiting grade.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.76.5.1067","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"DeYoung, J.H., 1981, The Lasky cumulative tonnage-grade relationship; a reexamination: Economic Geology, v. 76, no. 5, p. 1067-1080, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.76.5.1067.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1067","endPage":"1080","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221778,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7abe4b08c986b321705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeYoung, J. H.","contributorId":75908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeYoung","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011791,"text":"70011791 - 1981 - 234U and 238U concentration in brine from geopressured aquifers of the northern Gulf of Mexico basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T23:31:55.319889","indexId":"70011791","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"234U and 238U concentration in brine from geopressured aquifers of the northern Gulf of Mexico basin","docAbstract":"The234U and238U concentration in brine from six Gulf Coast geopressured aquifers has been determined. The results reveal very low uranium concentrations (from 0.003 to 0.03 μg/l) and uranium activity ratios slightly greater than unity (from 1.06 to 1.62). Reducing conditions within the aquifers are responsible for the low uranium concentrations. The uranium activity ratios observed are well below those calculated using theoretical considerations of alpha-particle recoil effects. This can be explained by interference with alpha-recoil nuclides entering the liquid phase as a result of quartz overgrowths on sand grains and high-temperature re-equilibration that tends to minimize the effects of the alpha-recoil process.
The fact that the uranium activity ratios of the brines are slightly greater than unity instead of the equilibrium value of 1.000 indicates that either the alpha particle recoil blocking and re-equlibration effects are not complete or that another process is operative that enriches the fluid in excess234U by selectively removing uranium from radiation induced damage sites in the mineral (sand grain) matrix.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(81)90128-X","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Kraemer, T.F., 1981, 234U and 238U concentration in brine from geopressured aquifers of the northern Gulf of Mexico basin: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 56, no. C, p. 210-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(81)90128-X.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"210","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.11787630313074,\n 28.14742599102705\n ],\n [\n -89.03193880313059,\n 28.14742599102705\n ],\n [\n -89.03193880313059,\n 31.351625088533893\n ],\n [\n -97.11787630313074,\n 31.351625088533893\n ],\n [\n -97.11787630313074,\n 28.14742599102705\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e254e4b0c8380cd45ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011807,"text":"70011807 - 1981 - Petrogenesis of garnet two-mica granites in the Ruby Mountains, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:11:07.128286","indexId":"70011807","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of garnet two-mica granites in the Ruby Mountains, Nevada","docAbstract":"Garnet-two-mica granites of Jurassic (160 ± 3 m.y.) and Cretaceous (83 ± 1.3 m.y.) ages intrude amphibolite facies metasedimentary rocks of Precambrian age and lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the northern part of the Ruby Mountains, Nevada. High initial 87Sr/86Sr and high values of δ18O for minerals suggest a dominantly sedimentary source for the magmas. Total rare-earth contents are low and less fractionated (CeN/YbN = 10) than granitic rocks of similar composition in the Sierra Nevada and show a negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.57). These data are consistent with melting in the stability field of plagioclase with little contribution to the melt from refractory minerals such as zircon, sphene, and apatite. Minor euhedral garnets are manganese-rich and magnesium-poor (al60sp34py3.6gr2.8) compared to garnet (al79sp6py13gr2) in the intruded metamorphic rocks and show an increase in manganese and a decrease in calcium in the outer few microns. Fractionation of magnesium-iron between garnet and biotite, and of sodium-potassium between K-feldspar and plagioclase in the granites suggest submagmatic equilibration temperatures, in the range of 365° to 505°C, whereas oxygen isotope equilibration temperatures for two granites are higher at 480° and 570°C. The compositions of the granites plot near minimum melting compositions in the water-saturated quartz-albite-orthoclase system. Comparison of muscovite plus quartz stability, the water-saturated granite solidus, and experimental garnet-melt equilibria suggests pressures of crystallization no lower than about 3.5 kbar. This pressure is compatible with that estimated from garnet-plagioclase-sillimanite-quartz equilibria for the intruded metasedimentary rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB11p10591","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R.W., Ghent, E.D., and O’Neil, J.R., 1981, Petrogenesis of garnet two-mica granites in the Ruby Mountains, Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B11, p. 10591-10606, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB11p10591.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"10591","endPage":"10606","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Ruby Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.75,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7780e4b0c8380cd784f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghent, E. D.","contributorId":90037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghent","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011820,"text":"70011820 - 1981 - Improved spectrophotometric cell for hydrothermal solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:35","indexId":"70011820","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3276,"text":"Review of Scientific Instruments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved spectrophotometric cell for hydrothermal solutions","docAbstract":"A simple, inexpensive spectrophotometric cell was designed for use with aqueous solutions for which temperature is a maximum of 325??C and pressure, 28 MPa. The cell has an internal volume of 5 ml and a path length of 1.31 cm. Each furnace assembly is 120 mm in diameter ?? 150 mm high and will fit into most commercial spectrophotometers. Temperature is controlled by a standard set-point controller and a balancing circuit that is used to maintain the temperature of the sample and reference cell within 1??C of each other at any temperature.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Review of Scientific Instruments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1063/1.1136597","issn":"00346748","usgsCitation":"Susak, N., Crerar, D., Forseman, T., and Haas, J., 1981, Improved spectrophotometric cell for hydrothermal solutions: Review of Scientific Instruments, v. 52, no. 3, p. 428-431, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1136597.","startPage":"428","endPage":"431","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205103,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1136597"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3965e4b0c8380cd618eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Susak, N.J.","contributorId":10800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susak","given":"N.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crerar, D.A.","contributorId":92802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crerar","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forseman, T.C.","contributorId":101012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forseman","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haas, J.L. Jr.","contributorId":31397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"J.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011836,"text":"70011836 - 1981 - Geology of central Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T11:54:00.260751","indexId":"70011836","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of central Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"The geology beneath Lake Michigan between 43°00' and 44°00' N and between 86°30' and 87°40' W is interpreted from a synthesis of 1,700 km of continuous seismic reflection profile data, bathymetry, grab samples, and onshore surface and subsurface information.
The continuous seismic reflection profiles and bathymetry provided information for maps of unconsolidated sediment thickness and Paleozoic bedrock topography. The map of unconsolidated sediment (primarily Pleistocene) shows thicknesses ranging from 180 m in a steep-walled, northeast-trending valley to less than 10 m over a mid-lake topographic high. This valley and the mid-lake high are the dominant topographic features developed on the gently eastward-dipping Paleozoic rocks along this part of the western flank of the Michigan basin.
Two structural-stratigraphic cross sections of the study area were constructed by utilizing a composite subsurface-surface section for eastern Wisconsin and two control wells in western Michigan. The cross sections, grab samples previously described in the literature, the bedrock topographic map, and published maps were used to construct a Paleozoic geologic map for central Lake Michigan. Rocks from Middle Silurian through Early Mississippian age form subcrops beneath the study area, whereas rocks of Early Silurian, Ordovician, and Late Cambrian age are present at greater depth. The Upper Cambrian rocks unconformably overlie Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks.
The structural-stratigraphic cross sections also allow us to speculate about the petroleum potential beneath Lake Michigan. The possibility of oil occurrences within the Silurian is enhanced by major east-west facies changes, and other horizons with promise are present in Devonian and Ordovician rocks. Although Michigan and Wisconsin laws currently prohibit petroleum exploration in Lake Michigan, it is an area with future potential.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03B59634-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Wood, R.J., Paull, R.A., Wolosin, C.A., and Friedel, R.J., 1981, Geology of central Lake Michigan: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 65, no. 9, p. 1621-1632, https://doi.org/10.1306/03B59634-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1621","endPage":"1632","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.00416700452574,\n 43.03076292816351\n ],\n [\n -86.28947402219616,\n 43.03076292816351\n ],\n [\n -86.28947402219616,\n 44.05660529042555\n ],\n [\n -88.00416700452574,\n 44.05660529042555\n ],\n [\n -88.00416700452574,\n 43.03076292816351\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a24bde4b0c8380cd58345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, R. J.","contributorId":33844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paull, R. A.","contributorId":78471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paull","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolosin, C. A.","contributorId":63166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolosin","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedel, R. J.","contributorId":51911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011839,"text":"70011839 - 1981 - Comparison of automated segmented-flow and discrete analyzers for the determination of nutrients in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T20:38:31","indexId":"70011839","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of automated segmented-flow and discrete analyzers for the determination of nutrients in water","docAbstract":"Water samples with specific conductances ranging from 66 to 6950 ??mho/cm at 25 ??C were analyzed for ammonia-N (NH3-N), nitrate plus nitrite-N (NO3 + NO2-N), nitrite-N (NO2-N), and phosphate-P (PO4-P) by using both a \"segmented-flow\" analyzer and a \"discrete\" analyzer. Plots of the discrete vs. the segmented-flow results showed linear correlation coefficients of 0.9980 for NH3-N, 0.9997 for NO3 + NO2-N, 0.9998 for NO2-N, and 0.9950 for PO4-P. The significances of the slope and the y intercept of each plot are discussed in terms of possible biases which may exist between the two systems. Data concerning precision and accuracy for both analyzers are presented. For the four analytes, the rate of sample analysis was 60 samples per hour on the discrete analyzer and 40 samples per hour on the segmented-flow analyzer. ?? 1981 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00088a012","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Marti, V., and Hale, D., 1981, Comparison of automated segmented-flow and discrete analyzers for the determination of nutrients in water: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 15, no. 6, p. 711-713, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00088a012.","startPage":"711","endPage":"713","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269295,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00088a012"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f851e4b0c8380cd4d004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marti, V.C.","contributorId":57596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marti","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hale, D.R.","contributorId":15346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011850,"text":"70011850 - 1981 - A review of regional mineral resource assessment methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T17:11:09.746558","indexId":"70011850","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of regional mineral resource assessment methods","docAbstract":"Over 100 papers on regional mineral resource assessment of nonfuels are classified according to method(s) used and form(s) of product in order to help identify possible methods for future assessments. Types of products that have been used include: tons of metal; tons of rock and associated grade; gross value; potential; number of deposits; probability of one or more deposits; tons of rock, grade, and number of deposits by type; potential supply; and net value. Assessment methods considered are: time-rate, crustal abundance, cumulative tonnage versus grade, simple subjective, complex subjective, Bayesian, frequency, trend, geometric probability, multiple regression, discriminant analysis, modified component, multivariate logistic, cluster analysis or pattern recognition, and simulation.Selection of a method to be employed in an assessment should be based on: (1) appropriateness of the product to the problem, (2) limitations in resources, such as information or time available for the assessment, (3) the level of uncertainty and acceptability of biases in the assessment, and (4) the need for verification of results and acceptance of the method.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.76.5.1006","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Singer, D., and Mosier, D., 1981, A review of regional mineral resource assessment methods: Economic Geology, v. 76, no. 5, p. 1006-1015, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.76.5.1006.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1006","endPage":"1015","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221698,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e556e4b0c8380cd46cc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mosier, D.L.","contributorId":21965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosier","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011851,"text":"70011851 - 1981 - Molecular carbon isotopic evidence for the origin of geothermal hydrocarbons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70011851","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular carbon isotopic evidence for the origin of geothermal hydrocarbons","docAbstract":"Previous interest in light hydrocarbons from geothermal systems has focused principally on the origin of the methane1 and the estimation of subsurface temperatures from the carbon isotopic content of coexisting methane and carbon dioxide1-3. Higher molecular weight hydrocarbons were first reported in gases from Yellowstone National Park4, and have since been found to occur commonly in geothermal emanations in the western United States5. Isotopic measurements of individual geothermal hydrocarbons are now reported which help to explain the origin of these hydrocarbons. The thermal decomposition of sedimentary or groundwater organic matter is a principal source of hydrocarbons in four geothermal areas in western North America. ?? 1981 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/292826a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Des Marais, D., Donchin, J., Nehring, N., and Truesdell, A., 1981, Molecular carbon isotopic evidence for the origin of geothermal hydrocarbons: Nature, v. 292, no. 5826, p. 826-828, https://doi.org/10.1038/292826a0.","startPage":"826","endPage":"828","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205137,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/292826a0"},{"id":221699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"292","issue":"5826","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cf9e4b0c8380cd7008b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Des Marais, D.J.","contributorId":84075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Des Marais","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donchin, J.H.","contributorId":49518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donchin","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nehring, N.L.","contributorId":21157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nehring","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":362116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011852,"text":"70011852 - 1981 - Factors affecting the partitioning of Cu, Zn and Pb in boulder coatings and stream sediments in the vicinity of a polymetallic sulfide deposit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T09:38:41","indexId":"70011852","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting the partitioning of Cu, Zn and Pb in boulder coatings and stream sediments in the vicinity of a polymetallic sulfide deposit","docAbstract":"A sequential extraction scheme is utilized to determine the geochemical partitioning of Cu, Zn and Pb among hydrous Mn- and Fe-oxides, organics and residual crystalline silicates and oxides in the minus-80-mesh (< 0.18 mm) sediments and in boulder coatings from a stream in Lincoln County, Georgia (U.S.A.). The stream drains an area containing a CuZnPb-sulfide deposit (Magruder Mine). The boulder coatings contain mainly Mn-oxides and organics, with minor hydrous Fe-oxides. In the sediment, the chemically active phases are mainly hydrous Fe-oxides and organics, probably because Mn is leaching out of the sediments and precipitating on the exposed surfaces of boulders. In the boulder coatings, competition among Fe- and Mn-oxides and organics for Cu, Zn and Pb follows the order: Cu, organics > Fe-oxides > Mn-oxides; Zn, Mn-oxides {reversed tilde equals} organics > Fe-oxides; Pb, Fe-oxides > organics > Mn-oxides. In the sediments, organics are the most efficient scavengers of all three ore metals. These results emphasize the importance of organics as sinks for the ore metals, even in environments with high concentrations of Mn- and Fe-oxides. Of the ore metals, Zn appears to be the most mobile, and is partitioned most strongly into the coatings. However, anomaly contrast for hydromorphic Zn, normalized to the MnFe-oxide or organic content, is similar in sediments and coatings. Cu shows the highest anomaly on the boulder coatings, probably due to precipitation of a secondary Cu mineral. In contrast, detrital Pb in the pan concentrates shows a better anomaly than any hydromorphic Pb component. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(81)90084-X","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Filipek, L., Chao, T.T., and Carpenter, R., 1981, Factors affecting the partitioning of Cu, Zn and Pb in boulder coatings and stream sediments in the vicinity of a polymetallic sulfide deposit: Chemical Geology, v. 33, no. 1-4, p. 45-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(81)90084-X.","startPage":"45","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266122,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(81)90084-X"},{"id":221779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0eace4b0c8380cd5357f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Filipek, L.H.","contributorId":58392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filipek","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carpenter, R.H.","contributorId":24913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011854,"text":"70011854 - 1981 - Blast dynamics at Mount St Helens on 18 May 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70011854","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blast dynamics at Mount St Helens on 18 May 1980","docAbstract":"At 8.32 a.m. on 18 May 1980, failure of the upper part of the north slope of Mount St Helens triggered a lateral eruption ('the blast') that devastated the conifer forests in a sector covering ???500 km2 north of the volcano. I present here a steady flow model for the blast dynamics and propose that through much of the devastated area the blast was a supersonic flow of a complex multiphase (solid, liquid, vapour) mixture. The shape of the blast zone; pressure, temperature, velocity (Mach number) and density distributions within the flow; positions of weak and strong internal shocks; and mass flux, energy flux, and total energy are calculated. The shape of blast zone was determined by the initial areal expansion from the reservoir, by internal expansion and compression waves (including shocks), and by the density of the expanding mixture. The pressure within the flow dropped rapidly away from the source of the blast until, at a distance of ???11 km, the flow became underpressured relative to the surrounding atmosphere. Weak shocks within the flow subparallel to the east and west margins coalesced at about this distance into a strong Mach disk shock, across which the flow velocities would have dropped from supersonic to subsonic as the pressure rose back towards ambient. The positions of the shocks may be reflected in differences in the patterns of felled trees. At the limits of the devastated area, the temperature had dropped only 20% from the reservoir temperature because the entrained solids thermally buffered the flow (the dynamic and thermodynamic effects of the admixture of the surrounding atmosphere and the uprooted forest and soils into the flow are not considered). The density of the flow decreased with distance until, at the limits of the blast zone, 20-25 km from the volcano, the density became comparable with that of the surrounding (dirty) atmosphere and the flow became buoyant and ramped up into the atmosphere. According to the model, the mass flux per unit area at the source was 0.6 ?? 104 g s-1 cm-2 and the energy flux per unit area was 2.5 MW cm-2. From the measured total ejected mass, 0.25 ?? 1015 g, the total energy released during the eruption was 1024 erg or 24 megatons. The model, triggering of the eruption and the transition from unsteady to steady flow, and applications to eyewitness observations and atmospheric effects are discussed in ref. 1. ?? 1981 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/291568a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, S.W., 1981, Blast dynamics at Mount St Helens on 18 May 1980: Nature, v. 291, no. 5816, p. 568-570, https://doi.org/10.1038/291568a0.","startPage":"568","endPage":"570","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205060,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/291568a0"},{"id":220723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"291","issue":"5816","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1e0e4b0c8380cd4ae95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, S. W.","contributorId":19186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011856,"text":"70011856 - 1981 - Northwest margin of California continental borderland: Marine geology and tectonic evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T11:53:35.159296","indexId":"70011856","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northwest margin of California continental borderland: Marine geology and tectonic evolution","docAbstract":"The northwest margin of the California continental borderland consists mainly of two northwest-trending pre-Neogene lithologic belts blanketed by Miocene and younger strata. These belts, which are lithologically and structurally correlated with the Franciscan Complex and Great Valley sequence of northern California, are interpreted to represent facies corresponding to the subduction complex and forearc-basin deposits of a late Mesozoic and Paleogene continental-margin arc-trench system. The outer belt, which forms the acoustic basement underlying the continental slope and Patton Ridge, is characterized by: (1) moderately high compressional velocities (5.1 to 6.2 km/sec), (2) discordant and discontinuous seismic reflectors, and (3) nonfossiliferous and diverse rock types t at range in metamorphic grade from zeolite-bearing arkosic sandstone to blueschist. Landward, the inner Great Valley sequence belt underlies Santa Rosa-Cortes Ridge and Santa Cruz and San Nicolas Basins; in contrast to the outer belt, this belt is characterized by: (1) intermediate compressional velocities (4.5 to 4.6 km/sec), (2) concordant and relatively continuous reflectors, and (3) a thick turbidite sequence of relatively undeformed and unmetamorphosed fossiliferous Cretaceous and Paleogene strata. The inner belt overlies a 6.6-km/sec layer that is probably oceanic crust, a relation consistent with the hypothesis that trapped old oceanic crust underlies the forearc basins along parts of some convergent margins.
Well-developed wrench-fault structures in overlying Miocene strata record a transition from Paleogene subduction to Neogene transform faulting. Related events include widespread andesitic to dacitic volcanism and concurrent uplift and erosion of Miocene and older rocks. The proximity of these Miocene silicic volcanic rocks to the paleotrench (< 20 km) is best explained as resulting from passage of the southward-migrating Rivera ridge-fault-trench triple junction along the margin. On the basis of the age of the adjacent sea floor, passage of this triple junction occurred about 17 m.y. ago, a date that corresponds closely to the inception of volcanism and uplift in the northwest margin of the borderland. A widespread unconformity that separates highly deformed lower and lower middle iocene strata from relatively undeformed younger strata is assumed to mark the subsequent onset of wrench faulting.
The timing of volcanism and uplift, and of the slightly younger wrenching event, closely matches the plate-tectonic model of Atwater and Molnar if the northwest margin of the borderland is restored to an earlier tectonic setting off Baja California, approximately 260 km southeast of its present position.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/2F9197A1-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Crouch, J., 1981, Northwest margin of California continental borderland: Marine geology and tectonic evolution: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 65, no. 2, p. 191-218, https://doi.org/10.1306/2F9197A1-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220725,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.19125226917674,\n 33.86449981604767\n ],\n [\n -120.63224634312732,\n 33.86449981604767\n ],\n [\n -120.63224634312732,\n 32.238222576392715\n ],\n [\n -118.19125226917674,\n 32.238222576392715\n ],\n [\n -118.19125226917674,\n 33.86449981604767\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a684ee4b0c8380cd73726","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crouch, J.K.","contributorId":107694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crouch","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011866,"text":"70011866 - 1981 - The Algerian earthquake of October 10, 1980 - a preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T15:55:29","indexId":"70011866","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Algerian earthquake of October 10, 1980 - a preliminary report","docAbstract":"The earthquake occurred at 1.25 pm local time and had a surface-wave magnitude of 7.3. The main event was followed by an aftershock 3 hours later with a magnitude of 6.0. The main earthquake epicenter was located 170 km from the capital, Algiers. -from Author","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","issn":"00460931","usgsCitation":"Espinosa, A.F., 1981, The Algerian earthquake of October 10, 1980 - a preliminary report: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 1, p. 23-33.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba679e4b08c986b321158","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Espinosa, A. F.","contributorId":63782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espinosa","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011867,"text":"70011867 - 1981 - Magnetic signals from the core of the earth and secular variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:08:37.463196","indexId":"70011867","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic signals from the core of the earth and secular variation","docAbstract":"An oscillating, radial magnetic dipole source was assumed to exist in the core of the earth, 100 km beneath the core-mantle boundary. As an approximation, electromagnetic propagation was assumed in the core in lieu of hydromagnetic propagation, which could not be used because of unknown internal fields.Using Debye potentials, the radial and horizontal components of the surface fields were calculated using various assumed conductivity parameters in the core and in the mantle. It is concluded that most spherical harmonic models of the earth's magnetic field do not include enough terms to describe properly the field of core sources with periods of tens of years. These short-period variations are especially important in describing the secular variation. Because of this, a proper description of the secular variation requires more spherical harmonic terms than are required for the field itself. Inadequate representation of short-period variations in spherical harmonic models may contribute to the rapid deterioration of predictive models. Alternatives to spherical harmonic analysis for secular variation should be investigated; regardless of the method used, a much greater spatial distribution of high quality secular variation data is needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB09p07957","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Alldredge, L., 1981, Magnetic signals from the core of the earth and secular variation: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B9, p. 7957-7965, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB09p07957.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"7957","endPage":"7965","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b81e4b0c8380cd695bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alldredge, L.R.","contributorId":53457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011869,"text":"70011869 - 1981 - Depositional environments of the Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation in the Black Warrior basin of Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-22T11:20:17.789546","indexId":"70011869","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional environments of the Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation in the Black Warrior basin of Alabama","docAbstract":"The Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation of the Black Warrior basin in Alabama comprises as much as 3000 m of shale, sandstone, and coal. The boundary between the informal units of the lower Pottsville and the upper Pottsville is the base of the Black Creek coal group, in the middle part of the section. Lower Pottsville strata include orthoquartzitic sandstone, shale, and coal interpreted as having been deposited in a barrier/back-barrier setting. Upper Pottsville strata consist of lithic arenite, shale, coal, and minor amounts of orthoquartzite, and are interpreted as representing a lateral gradation from lower delta plain to barrier bar. Previous studies indicated northward sediment dispersal. The change in sedimentation patterns in the middle part of the Pottsville suggests introduction into the basin of sediments from an eastern source during Pottsville deposition.
In recent years many models have been developed which simulate the quality of rainfall runoff from urban areas. Common to many of these models is the use of an exponential washoff equation. This washoff equation is often modified by an availability equation to account for the effects of runoff intensity on constituent washoff. Optimization techniques for estimating the values of coefficients used in these equations have been developed. Application of these techniques to a small urban watershed in south Florida demonstrated considerable variability in the optimized parameter values among different storms and among different constituents.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR017i004p01161","usgsCitation":"Alley, W.M., 1981, Estimation of impervious-area washoff parameters: Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 4, p. 1161-1166, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i004p01161.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1161","endPage":"1166","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b94e4b0c8380cd527ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M. walley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":362159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011871,"text":"70011871 - 1981 - Solubility of NaCl in aqueous electrolyte solutions from 10 to 100°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-10T14:08:15","indexId":"70011871","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2209,"text":"Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility of NaCl in aqueous electrolyte solutions from 10 to 100°C","docAbstract":"The solubilities of NaCl in aqueous KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and mixed CaCl2-KCl solutions have been determined from 10 to 100??C. The data were fit to an equation, and the equation was used to calculate values of the change in solubility of NaCl, ???[NaCl]/???T. These values are required for calculations of the rate of migration of fluids in a thermal gradient in rock salt. The data obtained here indicate that the values of ???[NaCl]/???T are 36-73% greater for solutions containing divalent ions than for the NaCl-H2O system.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/je00026a014","issn":"00219568","usgsCitation":"Clynne, M., Potter, R., and Haas, J., 1981, Solubility of NaCl in aqueous electrolyte solutions from 10 to 100°C: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, v. 26, no. 4, p. 396-398, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00026a014.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"398","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9243e4b08c986b319dc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potter, R.W. II","contributorId":16857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"R.W.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, J.L. Jr.","contributorId":31397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"J.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011883,"text":"70011883 - 1981 - Spectroscopy and decay dynamics of several methyl-and fluorine-substituted benzene radical cations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T15:11:18.728891","indexId":"70011883","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2519,"text":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectroscopy and decay dynamics of several methyl-and fluorine-substituted benzene radical cations","docAbstract":"Spectra of several fluorobenzene cation radicals containing 1-3 methyl substituents were observed in solid Ne matrix and analyzed. Comparisons between these compounds and other fluorobenzenes studied previously as well as comparisons between the Β~ state lifetimes in the gas phase and in the matrix are used to gain a deeper insight into the Β~ state decay dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ja00411a006","issn":"00027863","usgsCitation":"Bondybey, V., Vaughn, C., Miller, T., English, J., and Shiley, R., 1981, Spectroscopy and decay dynamics of several methyl-and fluorine-substituted benzene radical cations: Journal of the American Chemical Society, v. 103, no. 21, p. 6303-6307, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00411a006.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"6303","endPage":"6307","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221138,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b95b3e4b08c986b31b081","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bondybey, V.E.","contributorId":74879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bondybey","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaughn, C.","contributorId":23689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, T.A.","contributorId":49926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"English, J.H.","contributorId":28746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"English","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shiley, R.H.","contributorId":44282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiley","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70011884,"text":"70011884 - 1981 - Trace elemental analysis of bituminuos coals using the Heidelberg proton microprobe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T19:55:01","indexId":"70011884","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2906,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace elemental analysis of bituminuos coals using the Heidelberg proton microprobe","docAbstract":"Trace elements in coal can occur as components of either the organic constituents (macerals) or the inorganic constituents (minerals). Studies of the concentrations and distribution of the trace elements are vital to understanding the geochemical millieu in which the coal was formed and in evaluating the attempts to recover rare but technologically valuable metals. In addition, information on the trace element concentrations is important in predicting the environmental impact of burning particular coals, as many countries move toward greater utilization of coal reserves for energy production. Traditionally, the optical and the electron microscopes and more recently the electron microprobe have been used in studying the components of coal. The proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) microprobe offers a new complementary approach with an order of magnitude or more better minimum detection limit. We present the first measurements with a PIXE microprobe of the trace element concentrations of bituminous coal samples. Elemental analyses of the coal macerals-vitrinite, exinite, and inertinite-are discussed for three coal samples from the Eastern U.S.A., three samples from the Western U.S.A., and one sample from the Peoples Republic of China. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90598-X","issn":"0029554X","usgsCitation":"Chen, J., Kneis, H., Martin, B., Nobiling, R., Traxel, K., Chao, E.C., and Minkin, J., 1981, Trace elemental analysis of bituminuos coals using the Heidelberg proton microprobe: Nuclear Instruments and Methods, v. 181, no. 1-3, p. 151-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90598-X.","startPage":"151","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268856,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90598-X"}],"volume":"181","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb63ee4b08c986b326b62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, J.R.","contributorId":98468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kneis, H.","contributorId":37897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kneis","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, B.","contributorId":49517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nobiling, R.","contributorId":77663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nobiling","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Traxel, K.","contributorId":20073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Traxel","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70011886,"text":"70011886 - 1981 - Arid land monitoring using Landsat albedo difference images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:01:30","indexId":"70011886","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arid land monitoring using Landsat albedo difference images","docAbstract":"The Landsat albedo, or percentage of incoming radiation reflected from the ground in the wavelength range of 0.5 [mu]m to 1.1 [mu]m, is calculated from an equation using the Landsat digital brightness values and solar irradiance values, and correcting for atmospheric scattering, multispectral scanner calibration, and sun angle. The albedo calculated for each pixel is used to create an albedo image, whose grey scale is proportional to the albedo. Differencing sequential registered images and mapping selected values of the difference is used to create quantitative maps of increased or decreased albedo values of the terrain. All maps and other output products are in black and white rather than color, thus making the method quite economical. Decreases of albedo in arid regions may indicate improvement of land quality; increases may indicate degradation. Tests of the albedo difference mapping method in the Desert Experimental Range in southwestern Utah (a cold desert with little long-term terrain change) for a four-year period show that mapped changes can be correlated with erosion from flash floods, increased or decreased soil moisture, and increases or decreases in the density of desert vegetation, both perennial shrubs and annual plants. All terrain changes identified in this test were related to variations in precipitation. Although further tests of this method in hot deserts showing severe \"desertification\" are needed, the method is nevertheless recommended for experimental use in monitoring terrain change in other arid and semiarid regions of the world.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(81)90014-6","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Robinove, C.J., Chavez, P.S., Gehring, D.G., and Holmgren, R., 1981, Arid land monitoring using Landsat albedo difference images: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 11, p. 133-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(81)90014-6.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"156","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Desert Experimental Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 37.055177106660814\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed77e4b0c8380cd49817","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinove, Charles J.","contributorId":16983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinove","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chavez, Pat S. Jr.","contributorId":39870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"Pat","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gehring, Dale G.","contributorId":51750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehring","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holmgren, Ralph","contributorId":66417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmgren","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011887,"text":"70011887 - 1981 - Uranium in big sagebrush from western U.S. and evidence of possible mineralization in the Owyhee mountains of Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":22994,"text":"ofr80370 - 1980 - Uranium in big sagebrush from western United States and evidence of possible mineralization in the Owyhee Mountains of Idaho","indexId":"ofr80370","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Uranium in big sagebrush from western United States and evidence of possible mineralization in the Owyhee Mountains of Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70011887,"text":"70011887 - 1981 - Uranium in big sagebrush from western U.S. and evidence of possible mineralization in the Owyhee mountains of Idaho","indexId":"70011887","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Uranium in big sagebrush from western U.S. and evidence of possible mineralization in the Owyhee mountains of Idaho"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T09:31:02","indexId":"70011887","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium in big sagebrush from western U.S. and evidence of possible mineralization in the Owyhee mountains of Idaho","docAbstract":"Two regional studies of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), a widely distributed and dominant shrub in the western United States, have shown its responsiveness to known uranium mineralization in the Monument Hill and Pumpkin Buttes districts of the southern Powder River Basin, Wyoming, and the Uravan mineral belt area in southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado. Uranium concentrations in the ash of 154 stem-and-leaf samples of sagebrush are plotted on two maps, one representing the sampling design for the Powder River Basin study, and the other representing the sampling design for the Colorado Plateaus, the Basin and Range, and the Columbia Plateaus physiographic provinces of the West. Sites having high concentrations in sagebrush correspond not only to the above uranium districts, but also reveal an area along the northeast flanks of the Owyhee Mountains in Idaho that should be further explored for its possible uranium potential.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(81)90105-9","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Erdman, J.A., and Harrach, G., 1981, Uranium in big sagebrush from western U.S. and evidence of possible mineralization in the Owyhee mountains of Idaho: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 14, no. C, p. 83-94, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(81)90105-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"94","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267632,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(81)90105-9"},{"id":221261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"14","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbdb0e4b08c986b329185","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdman, J. A.","contributorId":59786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrach, G.H.","contributorId":73204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrach","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011899,"text":"70011899 - 1981 - Preconsolidation stress of aquifer systems in areas of induced land subsidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:32:59","indexId":"70011899","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preconsolidation stress of aquifer systems in areas of induced land subsidence","docAbstract":"Aquifer systems in the Eloy-Picacho area, Arizona, the Houston-Galveston area, Texas, and the Tulare-Wasco area and Santa Clara Valley, California, appear to have been overconsolidated by an amount that ranged approximately from 1.6 to 6.2 bars (16 to 63 m of water) before man began to withdraw groundwater from them. The relation between land subsidence and water level decline in these areas, consists of two linear segments. In these areas, subsidence per unit water level decline was approximately constant until water levels had declined an amount that ranged from 16 to 63 m. When water levels declined past these values, subsidence per unit water level decline increased to larger constant values. Although slow drainage from aquitards may have contributed to this response, it is interpreted here to be caused primarily by natural overconsolidation of the compacting part of the aquifer system. The water level decline at which the ratio of subsidence to unit water level decline changed indicates approximately the amount by which the preconsolidation stress exceeded the overburden stress on the aquifer system that existed before groundwater withdrawals began.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR017i003p00693","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., 1981, Preconsolidation stress of aquifer systems in areas of induced land subsidence: Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 3, p. 693-704, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i003p00693.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"693","endPage":"704","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Texas","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8147e4b0c8380cd7b447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}