Mössbauer parameters were obtained for four Illinois Basin shales and their corresponding < 2μm clay fractions from wells drilled through the New Albany Shale Group in Henderson, Tazewell, and Effingham counties in Illinois and Christian County in Kentucky. Off-gas analysis indicated that the Illinois cores were in an area of low gas potential, while the Kentucky core was in an area of moderate-to-good potential. Iron-rich dolomite (ankerite) was found in the Kentucky core but not in the Illinois cores. In the Kentucky core, gas content could be correlated with the ankerite in the bulk sample, the Mössbauer M (2) species in the clay fraction, and a ferrous iron species in the clay fraction. The location of the greatest concentration of natural gas in the Kentucky core could be predicted by following the changes in percentage concentration of these iron species when plotted against the depth of burial of the core sample.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(81)90228-3","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Shiley, R., Cluff, R., Dickerson, D.R., Hinckley, C., Smith, G.V., Twardowska, H., and Saporoschenko, M., 1981, Correlation of natural gas content to iron species in the New Albany shale group: Fuel, v. 60, no. 8, p. 732-738, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(81)90228-3.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"732","endPage":"738","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Kentucky","county":"Christian County, Effingham County, Henderson County, Tazewell County","otherGeospatial":"New Albany Shale Group","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":617,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Effingham\",\"state\":\"IL\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.4704,39.2141],[-88.4698,39.1715],[-88.3606,39.1706],[-88.3613,39.0904],[-88.3621,39.0011],[-88.3623,38.9109],[-88.4705,38.9132],[-88.5805,38.9141],[-88.6301,38.9153],[-88.6597,38.9151],[-88.6946,38.9139],[-88.807,38.911],[-88.8074,38.9989],[-88.8077,39.0864],[-88.8075,39.1725],[-88.8077,39.2156],[-88.6954,39.2158],[-88.6337,39.2159],[-88.5844,39.2155],[-88.5173,39.2141],[-88.4704,39.2141]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":628,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Henderson\",\"state\":\"IL\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-90.9489,41.0718],[-90.9006,41.0703],[-90.878,41.0706],[-90.8756,41.0706],[-90.8683,41.0707],[-90.8311,41.0706],[-90.8262,41.0707],[-90.7866,41.0697],[-90.7868,40.9812],[-90.787,40.8946],[-90.7873,40.807],[-90.7875,40.7181],[-90.789,40.636],[-90.9041,40.6375],[-90.9405,40.6371],[-90.9611,40.6364],[-90.9647,40.6363],[-90.9974,40.635],[-91.0216,40.6348],[-91.1356,40.6374],[-91.1834,40.639],[-91.177,40.6419],[-91.1673,40.6465],[-91.1595,40.6503],[-91.1535,40.654],[-91.1425,40.6585],[-91.1373,40.661],[-91.1319,40.6642],[-91.1277,40.6668],[-91.1233,40.6704],[-91.1196,40.6744],[-91.1171,40.6785],[-91.1148,40.6826],[-91.113,40.6883],[-91.1122,40.6956],[-91.1115,40.7012],[-91.1111,40.7085],[-91.1122,40.7133],[-91.1138,40.7193],[-91.1142,40.726],[-91.1135,40.7296],[-91.1123,40.7343],[-91.1107,40.7391],[-91.1095,40.7435],[-91.1074,40.7468],[-91.1054,40.7499],[-91.1018,40.754],[-91.0995,40.7576],[-91.0966,40.7615],[-91.0947,40.7656],[-91.0926,40.7714],[-91.0913,40.7764],[-91.0897,40.7804],[-91.0892,40.7886],[-91.09,40.795],[-91.0928,40.8041],[-91.0946,40.8094],[-91.0942,40.8137],[-91.0922,40.8186],[-91.0894,40.8235],[-91.0841,40.8266],[-91.0802,40.8303],[-91.0778,40.8333],[-91.0757,40.8355],[-91.0715,40.8387],[-91.0672,40.8408],[-91.0637,40.8434],[-91.0585,40.847],[-91.0547,40.851],[-91.0502,40.8568],[-91.046,40.864],[-91.0431,40.8694],[-91.0359,40.8759],[-91.0282,40.8833],[-91.0218,40.8881],[-91.0162,40.8939],[-91.0073,40.9023],[-91.0043,40.9049],[-91.0013,40.9067],[-90.9983,40.9081],[-90.9943,40.9093],[-90.9898,40.9105],[-90.9856,40.9124],[-90.9813,40.9149],[-90.9808,40.9152],[-90.976,40.9175],[-90.9718,40.9193],[-90.9674,40.9222],[-90.9645,40.925],[-90.9611,40.9322],[-90.9582,40.9403],[-90.9558,40.9485],[-90.9541,40.9535],[-90.9531,40.9567],[-90.9525,40.9599],[-90.9526,40.9631],[-90.9539,40.9667],[-90.9558,40.9699],[-90.9565,40.9744],[-90.9572,40.978],[-90.9566,40.9817],[-90.9549,40.9844],[-90.9538,40.9865],[-90.9519,40.9903],[-90.9502,40.9958],[-90.9485,41.0031],[-90.9474,41.0085],[-90.9467,41.0145],[-90.9459,41.0213],[-90.9455,41.0304],[-90.9452,41.0404],[-90.9449,41.0481],[-90.9459,41.0549],[-90.948,41.0622],[-90.9485,41.0677],[-90.9489,41.0718]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":682,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Tazewell\",\"state\":\"IL\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.5504,40.7477],[-89.5025,40.7473],[-89.3897,40.7481],[-89.3308,40.749],[-89.3309,40.7172],[-89.3281,40.6152],[-89.2694,40.616],[-89.2682,40.5947],[-89.2683,40.572],[-89.2662,40.4854],[-89.2647,40.3978],[-89.2643,40.3266],[-89.6038,40.3209],[-89.7154,40.319],[-89.7169,40.4355],[-89.9235,40.4364],[-89.9187,40.4382],[-89.9115,40.4423],[-89.9054,40.4487],[-89.9037,40.4532],[-89.9019,40.4591],[-89.8977,40.4636],[-89.8875,40.475],[-89.8863,40.4786],[-89.8851,40.4864],[-89.8804,40.5059],[-89.878,40.5091],[-89.875,40.5113],[-89.8714,40.5132],[-89.8587,40.5191],[-89.8333,40.5296],[-89.8255,40.5341],[-89.8195,40.5373],[-89.8025,40.5437],[-89.7887,40.5469],[-89.7711,40.5524],[-89.7645,40.552],[-89.756,40.5506],[-89.7415,40.5507],[-89.7342,40.5525],[-89.7288,40.5543],[-89.7191,40.5552],[-89.7094,40.5575],[-89.7004,40.5612],[-89.6949,40.5607],[-89.6895,40.5575],[-89.6828,40.5517],[-89.6683,40.5598],[-89.6604,40.5676],[-89.6562,40.5726],[-89.6544,40.578],[-89.6562,40.583],[-89.6593,40.5875],[-89.6593,40.593],[-89.6575,40.5984],[-89.6533,40.6039],[-89.646,40.6125],[-89.64,40.6188],[-89.6364,40.6234],[-89.6291,40.6288],[-89.6236,40.6352],[-89.6146,40.6452],[-89.614,40.652],[-89.6152,40.6579],[-89.6134,40.6633],[-89.6007,40.676],[-89.5843,40.6865],[-89.5692,40.6951],[-89.5571,40.701],[-89.554,40.7028],[-89.5504,40.7096],[-89.545,40.7196],[-89.5462,40.7278],[-89.5474,40.7328],[-89.548,40.74],[-89.5504,40.7477]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1014,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Christian\",\"state\":\"KY\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.3334,37.1571],[-87.3345,37.1521],[-87.3344,37.148],[-87.3319,37.1408],[-87.3307,37.1395],[-87.3288,37.135],[-87.324,37.1246],[-87.3216,37.1224],[-87.3168,37.1138],[-87.3173,37.112],[-87.305,37.1063],[-87.3033,37.1063],[-87.3005,37.1082],[-87.3023,37.1118],[-87.3006,37.1132],[-87.2954,37.1128],[-87.2907,37.1101],[-87.2843,37.108],[-87.2854,37.1034],[-87.284,37.0953],[-87.285,37.0889],[-87.2855,37.0866],[-87.2849,37.0844],[-87.2825,37.0817],[-87.2819,37.0794],[-87.2807,37.0772],[-87.2725,37.0723],[-87.2679,37.0742],[-87.2646,37.0779],[-87.2605,37.0775],[-87.2592,37.0725],[-87.2714,37.0002],[-87.3358,36.6425],[-87.4349,36.6417],[-87.4367,36.6417],[-87.4847,36.6409],[-87.6424,36.6385],[-87.6942,36.6377],[-87.6829,36.7032],[-87.675,36.7501],[-87.6719,36.8785],[-87.66,36.9662],[-87.7296,36.9999],[-87.7337,37.0021],[-87.7106,37.0216],[-87.6809,37.1491],[-87.6688,37.1497],[-87.6496,37.1469],[-87.6222,37.1352],[-87.5238,37.106],[-87.5203,37.1052],[-87.5146,37.1071],[-87.5112,37.1099],[-87.5118,37.1126],[-87.5062,37.1163],[-87.4993,37.1178],[-87.4959,37.1214],[-87.492,37.1251],[-87.4851,37.1266],[-87.3744,37.1338],[-87.3705,37.1366],[-87.3613,37.1413],[-87.3597,37.144],[-87.3598,37.1499],[-87.36,37.1567],[-87.3514,37.1591],[-87.3404,37.1575],[-87.3363,37.1548],[-87.3334,37.1571]]]}}]}","volume":"60","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc3de4b0c8380cd4e1bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shiley, R.H.","contributorId":44282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiley","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cluff, R.M.","contributorId":53948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cluff","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickerson, D. R.","contributorId":66837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinckley, C.C.","contributorId":50656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinckley","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Gerard V.","contributorId":93629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Twardowska, H.","contributorId":98038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twardowska","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Saporoschenko, Mykola","contributorId":31905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saporoschenko","given":"Mykola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70011998,"text":"70011998 - 1981 - Seawater sulfate reduction and sulfur isotope fractionation in basaltic systems: interaction of seawater with fayalite and magnetite at 200–350°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-10T14:04:41","indexId":"70011998","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seawater sulfate reduction and sulfur isotope fractionation in basaltic systems: interaction of seawater with fayalite and magnetite at 200–350°C","docAbstract":"Sulfate reduction during seawater reaction with fayalite and with magnetite was rapid at 350°C, producing equilibrium assemblages of talc-pyrite-hematite-magnetite at low water/rock ratios and talc-pyrite-hematite-anhydrite at higher water/rock ratios. At 250°C, seawater reacting with fayalite produced detectable amounts of dissolved H2S, but extent of reaction of solid phases was minor after 150 days. At 200°C, dissolved H2S was not detected, even after 219 days, but mass balance calculations suggest a small amount of pyrite may have formed. Reaction stoichiometry indicates that sulfate reduction requires large amounts of H+, which, in subseafloor hydrothermal systems is provided by Mg metasomatism. Seawater contains sufficient Mg to supply all the H+ necessary for quantitative reduction of seawater sulfate.
\nSystematics of sulfur isotopes in the 250 and 350°C experiments indicate that isotopic equilibrium is reached, and can be modeled as a Rayleigh distillation process. Isotopic composition of hydrothermally produced H2S in natural systems is strongly dependent upon the seawater/basalt ratio in the geothermal system, which controls the relative sulfide contributions from the two important sulfur sources, seawater sulfate and sulfide phases in basalt. Anhydrite precipitation during geothermal heating severely limits sulfate ingress into high temperature interaction zones. Quantitative sulfate reduction can thus be accomplished without producing strongly oxidized rocks and resultant sulfide sulfur isotope values represent a mixture of seawater and basaltic sulfur.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(81)90054-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Shanks, W.C., Bischoff, J.L., and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1981, Seawater sulfate reduction and sulfur isotope fractionation in basaltic systems: interaction of seawater with fayalite and magnetite at 200–350°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 45, no. 11, p. 1977-1995, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(81)90054-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1977","endPage":"1995","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8902e4b08c986b316cb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":362476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011918,"text":"70011918 - 1981 - The Redskin granite: Evidence for thermogravitational diffusion in a Precambrian granite batholith","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:04:04.778321","indexId":"70011918","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Redskin granite: Evidence for thermogravitational diffusion in a Precambrian granite batholith","docAbstract":"The 1000-Ma-old composite Pikes Peak batholith consists largely of medium- to coarse-grained biotite granite but is intruded by several smaller granite plutons. Two of these, the Tarryall Mountains batholith and the Redskin Granite (Hawley, 1969; Hawley and Wobus, 1977), are here interpreted as cupolas atop the main mass of the Pikes Peak batholith.
Chemical analysis for 38 elements in rocks from the Redskin Granite, the Tarryall Mountains batholith, and the biotite granite of the Pikes Peak batholith support the contention that the compositions of the smaller plutons are unlikely to have evolved from that of the main mass of the batholith by crystal fractionation. It is believed that these compositions arose through liquid-state fractionation processes, possibly the convection-aided thermogravitational model of Shaw et al. (1976).
It is important to recognize that the chemical signature of this fractionation process can be discerned in holocrystalline rocks as well as in their glassy equivalents because the process may be instrumental in the formation of some kinds of lithophile ore deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB11p10423","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ludington, S., 1981, The Redskin granite: Evidence for thermogravitational diffusion in a Precambrian granite batholith: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B11, p. 10423-10430, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB11p10423.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"10423","endPage":"10430","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220729,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8afe4b08c986b321da0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludington, S.","contributorId":91987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012001,"text":"70012001 - 1981 - Stratigraphy of the Caloris basin, Mercury","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-20T13:01:26.381241","indexId":"70012001","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy of the Caloris basin, Mercury","docAbstract":"Caloris basin, Mercury’s youngest large impact basin, is filled by volcanic plains that are spectrally distinct from surrounding material. Post-plains impact craters of a variety of sizes populate the basin interior, and the spectra of the material they have excavated enable the thickness of the volcanic fill to be estimated and reveal the nature of the subsurface. The thickness of the interior volcanic plains is consistently at least 2.5 km, reaching 3.5 km in places, with thinner fill toward the edge of the basin. No systematic variations in fill thickness are observed with long-wavelength topography or azimuth. The lack of correlation between plains thickness and variations in elevation at large horizontal scales within the basin indicates that plains emplacement must have predated most, if not all, of the changes in long-wavelength topography that affected the basin. There are no embayed or unambiguously buried (ghost) craters with diameters greater than 10 km in the Caloris interior plains. The absence of such ghost craters indicates that one or more of the following scenarios must hold: the plains are sufficiently thick to have buried all evidence of craters that formed between the Caloris impact event and the emplacement of the plains; the plains were emplaced soon after basin formation; or the complex tectonic deformation of the basin interior has disguised wrinkle-ridge rings localized by buried craters. That low-reflectance material (LRM) was exposed by every impact that penetrated through the surface volcanic plains provides a means to explore near-surface stratigraphy. If all occurrences of LRM are derived from a single layer, the subsurface LRM deposit is at least 7.5–8.5 km thick and its top likely once made up the Caloris basin floor. The Caloris-forming impact would have generated a layer of impact melt 3–15 km thick; such a layer could account for the entire thickness of LRM. This material would have been derived from a combination of lower crust and upper mantle.
The objective of this study was to develop techniques to correlate hydraulic conductivity tests with geophysical logs. In addition, the relationships obtained from boreholes were correlated to surface resistivity soundings in an effort to define areas of potential high water loss at the proposed site for Brantley Dam.
Hydraulic conductivity obtained from water injection pump tests is correlated with neutron logs. Archie's Law and experimental relationships of neutron logs and cores are used for the quantitative evaluation of resistivity. Average porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and transmissivity are mapped to a depth of 300 ft. based on the geophysical data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7142(81)90024-7","usgsCitation":"Schimschal, U., 1981, The relationship of geophysical measurements to hydraulic conductivity at the Brantley damsite, New Mexico: Geoexploration, v. 19, no. 2, p. 115-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7142(81)90024-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220866,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Brantley Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.38192943020395,\n 32.54601481041175\n ],\n [\n -104.38192943020395,\n 32.541825554885506\n ],\n [\n -104.37933660442674,\n 32.541825554885506\n ],\n [\n -104.37933660442674,\n 32.54601481041175\n ],\n [\n -104.38192943020395,\n 32.54601481041175\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf24e4b08c986b324598","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schimschal, U.","contributorId":46215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schimschal","given":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012007,"text":"70012007 - 1981 - Aeromagnetic and radio echo ice-sounding measurements over the Dufek intrusion, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T15:37:43.971318","indexId":"70012007","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aeromagnetic and radio echo ice-sounding measurements over the Dufek intrusion, Antarctica","docAbstract":"A combined aeromagnetic and radio echo ice-sounding survey (4200 km of traverse) made in 1978 in Antarctica over the Dufek layered mafic intrusion of Jurassic age suggests a minimum area of about 50,000 km2, making it comparable in size with the Bushveld Complex of Africa. Comparisons of the magnetic and subglacial topographic profiles illustrate the usefulness of this combination of methods in studying bedrock geology beneath ice-covered areas. Rocks are exposed in only 3% of the inferred area of the intrusion. Magnetic anomalies measured a few hundred meters above outcrops of the intrusion range in peak-to-trough amplitude from ∼50 nT over the lowermost exposed portion of the section in the Dufek Massif to ∼3600 nT over the uppermost part of the section in the Forrestal Range. Theoretical magnetic anomalies, computed from models based on the subice topography fitted to the highest-amplitude observed magnetic anomalies, required normal and reversed magnetizations ranging from 10−4 to 10−2 emu/cm3 having directions and magnetizations consistent with measurements previously made on oriented samples. This result is interpreted as indicating that the Dufek intrusion cooled through the Curie isotherm during one or more reversals of the earth's magnetic field.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB04p03014","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., Drewry, D., Jankowski, E., and Grim, M.S., 1981, Aeromagnetic and radio echo ice-sounding measurements over the Dufek intrusion, Antarctica: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B4, p. 3014-3020, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB04p03014.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3014","endPage":"3020","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480578,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb086ib04p03014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":222177,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e72ee4b0c8380cd478b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":362505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drewry, D.J.","contributorId":41968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drewry","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jankowski, E.","contributorId":7420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jankowski","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grim, M. S.","contributorId":102884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grim","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011950,"text":"70011950 - 1981 - Stratigraphic and economic significance of Mississippian sequence at North Georgetown Canyon, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-26T14:55:47.055547","indexId":"70011950","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic and economic significance of Mississippian sequence at North Georgetown Canyon, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Mississippian sequence exposed at North Georgetown Canyon, Idaho is newly recognised as a facies belt, which adds to knowledge of Mississippian stratigraphy and petroleum geology in the Overthrust belt of Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah. In the newly recognized facies belt in the Aspen Range, the Madison Group is represented by the Lodgepole Limestone and Mission Canyon Limestone. The overlying beds of middle Osagean to middle Chesterian age are a unique combination of deep-basin shallowing upward to peritidal lithofacies (the Aspen Range Formation). An organic-rich phosphatic member at the base of this is a possible petroleum source rock. Westward thinning of the Mission Canyon Limestone suggests a pinch-out that may provide stratigraphic traps for petroleum.-from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03B59562-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Sando, W., Sandberg, C., and Gutschick, R., 1981, Stratigraphic and economic significance of Mississippian sequence at North Georgetown Canyon, Idaho: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 65, no. 8, p. 1433-1443, https://doi.org/10.1306/03B59562-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1433","endPage":"1443","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.044156,43.020052],[-111.046689,42.001567],[-112.173352,41.996568],[-112.192976,42.001167],[-112.709375,42.000309],[-113.249159,41.996203],[-113.893261,41.988057],[-114.041723,41.99372],[-114.598267,41.994511],[-114.831077,42.002207],[-115.031783,41.996008],[-115.870181,41.996766],[-115.98688,41.998534],[-116.368478,41.996281],[-117.009255,41.998127],[-117.026222,42.000252],[-117.026871,43.832479],[-117.01077,43.862269],[-116.997391,43.864874],[-116.991415,43.863864],[-116.982347,43.86884],[-116.976024,43.895548],[-116.977332,43.905812],[-116.963666,43.921363],[-116.96247,43.928336],[-116.963666,43.952644],[-116.970241,43.958622],[-116.971436,43.964998],[-116.969842,43.967588],[-116.957527,43.972443],[-116.942944,43.987512],[-116.934485,44.021249],[-116.937342,44.029376],[-116.943361,44.035645],[-116.972504,44.048771],[-116.977351,44.085364],[-116.967203,44.090936],[-116.943132,44.09406],[-116.933704,44.100039],[-116.895931,44.154295],[-116.894083,44.160191],[-116.895757,44.171267],[-116.900103,44.176851],[-116.925392,44.191544],[-116.935443,44.193962],[-116.947591,44.191264],[-116.965498,44.194126],[-116.971675,44.197256],[-116.973945,44.225932],[-116.971958,44.235677],[-116.975905,44.242844],[-116.98687,44.245477],[-117.016921,44.245391],[-117.031862,44.248635],[-117.042283,44.242775],[-117.047062,44.229742],[-117.05303,44.229076],[-117.067284,44.24401],[-117.089503,44.258234],[-117.09457,44.270978],[-117.104208,44.27994],[-117.111617,44.280667],[-117.121037,44.277585],[-117.130904,44.269453],[-117.133984,44.262972],[-117.143394,44.258262],[-117.170342,44.25889],[-117.198147,44.273828],[-117.216974,44.288357],[-117.222647,44.297578],[-117.216795,44.308236],[-117.203323,44.313024],[-117.192203,44.32863],[-117.189769,44.336585],[-117.197339,44.347406],[-117.235117,44.373853],[-117.243027,44.390974],[-117.242675,44.396548],[-117.22698,44.405583],[-117.215072,44.427162],[-117.215573,44.453746],[-117.225758,44.477223],[-117.225076,44.482346],[-117.216372,44.48616],[-117.208936,44.485661],[-117.200237,44.492027],[-117.192494,44.503272],[-117.189759,44.513385],[-117.181583,44.52296],[-117.161033,44.525166],[-117.149242,44.536151],[-117.144161,44.545647],[-117.14293,44.557236],[-117.148255,44.564371],[-117.146032,44.568603],[-117.133963,44.57524],[-117.124754,44.583834],[-117.125267,44.593818],[-117.120522,44.614658],[-117.114754,44.624883],[-117.108231,44.62711],[-117.098221,44.640689],[-117.094968,44.652011],[-117.095868,44.664737],[-117.080772,44.684161],[-117.07912,44.692175],[-117.072221,44.700517],[-117.063824,44.703623],[-117.061799,44.706654],[-117.060454,44.721668],[-117.062273,44.727143],[-117.044217,44.74514],[-117.03827,44.748179],[-117.013802,44.756841],[-116.998903,44.756382],[-116.986502,44.762381],[-116.970902,44.773881],[-116.949001,44.777981],[-116.9347,44.783881],[-116.9307,44.789881],[-116.933799,44.796781],[-116.931099,44.804781],[-116.920498,44.81438],[-116.896249,44.84833],[-116.865338,44.870599],[-116.852427,44.887577],[-116.838467,44.923601],[-116.83199,44.933007],[-116.835702,44.940633],[-116.850737,44.958113],[-116.858313,44.978761],[-116.856754,44.984298],[-116.844625,45.001435],[-116.844796,45.015312],[-116.848037,45.021728],[-116.841314,45.030907],[-116.825133,45.03784],[-116.797329,45.060267],[-116.78371,45.076972],[-116.783537,45.093605],[-116.774847,45.105536],[-116.754643,45.113972],[-116.729607,45.142091],[-116.724188,45.162924],[-116.724205,45.171501],[-116.709536,45.203015],[-116.70975,45.217243],[-116.703607,45.239757],[-116.691388,45.263739],[-116.674493,45.276349],[-116.672163,45.288938],[-116.673793,45.321511],[-116.619057,45.39821],[-116.597447,45.41277],[-116.588195,45.44292],[-116.563985,45.460169],[-116.554829,45.46293],[-116.55498,45.472801],[-116.558803,45.480076],[-116.548676,45.510385],[-116.535482,45.525079],[-116.523638,45.54661],[-116.502756,45.566608],[-116.481943,45.577898],[-116.463635,45.602785],[-116.463504,45.615785],[-116.469813,45.620604],[-116.487894,45.649769],[-116.523961,45.677639],[-116.535396,45.691734],[-116.538014,45.714929],[-116.535698,45.734231],[-116.546643,45.750972],[-116.559444,45.755189],[-116.593004,45.778541],[-116.632032,45.784979],[-116.646342,45.779815],[-116.665344,45.781998],[-116.680139,45.79359],[-116.697192,45.820135],[-116.711822,45.826267],[-116.736268,45.826179],[-116.759787,45.816167],[-116.782676,45.825376],[-116.789066,45.833471],[-116.787792,45.844267],[-116.796051,45.858473],[-116.814142,45.877551],[-116.84355,45.892273],[-116.859795,45.907264],[-116.869655,45.923799],[-116.875706,45.945008],[-116.886843,45.958617],[-116.892935,45.974396],[-116.911409,45.988912],[-116.91718,45.996575],[-116.923005,46.018293],[-116.942656,46.061],[-116.957372,46.075449],[-116.978938,46.080007],[-116.981962,46.084915],[-116.982498,46.091347],[-116.978823,46.095731],[-116.959548,46.099058],[-116.955263,46.102237],[-116.951265,46.111161],[-116.950276,46.123464],[-116.922648,46.160744],[-116.92187,46.167808],[-116.965841,46.203417],[-116.96613,46.209453],[-116.956031,46.225976],[-116.955264,46.23088],[-116.966742,46.256923],[-116.991134,46.276342],[-116.990894,46.280372],[-116.98491,46.289738],[-116.986688,46.296662],[-116.99726,46.303151],[-117.007486,46.305302],[-117.020663,46.314793],[-117.022939,46.320175],[-117.023844,46.335976],[-117.030672,46.340315],[-117.055983,46.345531],[-117.06263,46.352522],[-117.062785,46.365287],[-117.046915,46.379577],[-117.035545,46.410012],[-117.034696,46.418318],[-117.039813,46.425425],[-117.039945,47.477823],[-117.042657,47.760857],[-117.041107,48.124904],[-117.035178,48.370878],[-117.032351,48.999188],[-116.049193,49.000912],[-116.04885,47.977186],[-116.03834,47.971318],[-116.030751,47.973349],[-115.998236,47.938779],[-115.993678,47.926183],[-115.982791,47.915994],[-115.969076,47.914256],[-115.959946,47.898142],[-115.939993,47.883153],[-115.919291,47.857406],[-115.906409,47.846261],[-115.900934,47.843064],[-115.881522,47.849672],[-115.870861,47.834939],[-115.852291,47.827991],[-115.845474,47.814967],[-115.848509,47.809331],[-115.847487,47.785227],[-115.84044,47.780172],[-115.837438,47.774846],[-115.835069,47.77006],[-115.835365,47.760957],[-115.831755,47.755785],[-115.824597,47.752154],[-115.803917,47.75848],[-115.797299,47.75752],[-115.780441,47.743447],[-115.783504,47.729305],[-115.776219,47.719818],[-115.77177,47.717412],[-115.758623,47.719041],[-115.752349,47.716743],[-115.730764,47.704426],[-115.72377,47.696671],[-115.726613,47.672093],[-115.73627,47.654762],[-115.72993,47.642442],[-115.708537,47.635356],[-115.694284,47.62346],[-115.689404,47.595402],[-115.706473,47.577299],[-115.721207,47.576323],[-115.734674,47.567401],[-115.746945,47.555293],[-115.747263,47.543197],[-115.741371,47.538645],[-115.71034,47.52951],[-115.708748,47.51264],[-115.694106,47.498634],[-115.686704,47.485596],[-115.653044,47.476035],[-115.654318,47.468077],[-115.663867,47.456936],[-115.671188,47.45439],[-115.69293,47.457237],[-115.718247,47.45316],[-115.728801,47.445159],[-115.731348,47.433381],[-115.728801,47.428925],[-115.718934,47.420967],[-115.69057,47.415059],[-115.657681,47.400651],[-115.648479,47.390293],[-115.644341,47.381826],[-115.639186,47.378605],[-115.617247,47.382521],[-115.578619,47.367007],[-115.570887,47.356375],[-115.551079,47.349856],[-115.548658,47.332213],[-115.531971,47.314121],[-115.526751,47.303219],[-115.51186,47.295219],[-115.487314,47.286518],[-115.470959,47.284873],[-115.457077,47.277794],[-115.428359,47.278722],[-115.410685,47.264228],[-115.371825,47.265213],[-115.3593,47.259461],[-115.339201,47.261623],[-115.326903,47.255912],[-115.324832,47.244841],[-115.317124,47.233305],[-115.298794,47.225245],[-115.294785,47.220914],[-115.29211,47.209861],[-115.300805,47.19393],[-115.300504,47.188139],[-115.286353,47.18327],[-115.261885,47.181742],[-115.255786,47.174725],[-115.255146,47.162876],[-115.243707,47.150347],[-115.223246,47.148974],[-115.200547,47.139154],[-115.189451,47.131032],[-115.172938,47.112881],[-115.170436,47.106265],[-115.140375,47.093013],[-115.136671,47.078276],[-115.120917,47.061237],[-115.107132,47.049041],[-115.102681,47.047239],[-115.098136,47.048897],[-115.087806,47.045519],[-115.071254,47.022083],[-115.066223,46.996375],[-115.057098,46.986758],[-115.049538,46.970774],[-115.031651,46.971548],[-115.028386,46.975659],[-115.001274,46.971901],[-115.00091,46.967703],[-114.986539,46.952099],[-114.960597,46.93001],[-114.929997,46.919625],[-114.927948,46.909948],[-114.936805,46.897378],[-114.931058,46.882108],[-114.931608,46.876799],[-114.938713,46.869021],[-114.943281,46.867971],[-114.947413,46.859324],[-114.940398,46.85605],[-114.928615,46.854815],[-114.92349,46.847594],[-114.92845,46.843242],[-114.927837,46.83599],[-114.920459,46.827697],[-114.904505,46.822851],[-114.897857,46.813184],[-114.888146,46.808573],[-114.880588,46.811791],[-114.864342,46.813858],[-114.861376,46.81196],[-114.860067,46.804988],[-114.856874,46.801633],[-114.835917,46.791111],[-114.829117,46.782503],[-114.808587,46.78235],[-114.79004,46.778729],[-114.765106,46.758153],[-114.76718,46.738828],[-114.773765,46.731805],[-114.779668,46.730411],[-114.788656,46.714033],[-114.76689,46.696901],[-114.751921,46.697207],[-114.740115,46.711771],[-114.713516,46.715138],[-114.699008,46.740223],[-114.696656,46.740572],[-114.649388,46.73289],[-114.632954,46.715495],[-114.620859,46.707415],[-114.623198,46.691511],[-114.631898,46.68397],[-114.641745,46.679286],[-114.642713,46.673145],[-114.635713,46.659375],[-114.621483,46.658143],[-114.614716,46.655256],[-114.611676,46.647704],[-114.616354,46.643646],[-114.615036,46.639733],[-114.593292,46.632848],[-114.583385,46.633227],[-114.561582,46.642043],[-114.547321,46.644485],[-114.498007,46.637655],[-114.486218,46.632829],[-114.466902,46.631695],[-114.45425,46.640974],[-114.453239,46.649266],[-114.424424,46.660648],[-114.410907,46.657466],[-114.394514,46.664846],[-114.360709,46.669059],[-114.332887,46.660756],[-114.32456,46.653579],[-114.320665,46.646963],[-114.322912,46.642938],[-114.322519,46.611066],[-114.333931,46.592162],[-114.334992,46.588154],[-114.331338,46.577781],[-114.33175,46.571914],[-114.339533,46.564039],[-114.348733,46.533792],[-114.349208,46.529514],[-114.342072,46.519679],[-114.351655,46.508119],[-114.35874,46.505306],[-114.375348,46.501855],[-114.385871,46.50437],[-114.395204,46.503148],[-114.400257,46.502143],[-114.403019,46.498675],[-114.400068,46.47718],[-114.394447,46.469549],[-114.383051,46.466402],[-114.379338,46.460166],[-114.376413,46.442983],[-114.384756,46.411784],[-114.408974,46.400438],[-114.422458,46.387097],[-114.411592,46.366688],[-114.410682,46.360673],[-114.413758,46.335945],[-114.433478,46.305502],[-114.425587,46.287899],[-114.427309,46.283624],[-114.441326,46.2738],[-114.453257,46.270939],[-114.465024,46.273127],[-114.470479,46.26732],[-114.468254,46.248796],[-114.451912,46.241253],[-114.449819,46.237119],[-114.443215,46.202943],[-114.445928,46.173933],[-114.478333,46.160876],[-114.489254,46.167684],[-114.514706,46.167726],[-114.527096,46.146218],[-114.5213,46.125287],[-114.488303,46.113106],[-114.474415,46.112515],[-114.460049,46.097104],[-114.461864,46.078571],[-114.468529,46.062484],[-114.492153,46.04729],[-114.494683,46.042546],[-114.493418,46.03717],[-114.490572,46.032427],[-114.480241,46.030325],[-114.473811,46.016614],[-114.477922,46.009025],[-114.47729,46.000802],[-114.470965,45.995742],[-114.425843,45.984984],[-114.411892,45.977883],[-114.409353,45.97141],[-114.403712,45.967049],[-114.402261,45.961489],[-114.404708,45.9559],[-114.423681,45.9441],[-114.431328,45.938023],[-114.431159,45.935737],[-114.413168,45.911479],[-114.404314,45.903497],[-114.395059,45.901458],[-114.387166,45.889164],[-114.388243,45.88234],[-114.409477,45.85164],[-114.44868,45.858891],[-114.470296,45.851343],[-114.498809,45.850676],[-114.509303,45.845531],[-114.517143,45.835993],[-114.512973,45.828825],[-114.544692,45.791447],[-114.555487,45.786249],[-114.566172,45.773864],[-114.535634,45.739095],[-114.504869,45.722176],[-114.495421,45.703321],[-114.499637,45.669035],[-114.507645,45.658949],[-114.522142,45.64934],[-114.529678,45.65232],[-114.53577,45.650613],[-114.563652,45.637412],[-114.563305,45.631612],[-114.553937,45.619299],[-114.544905,45.616673],[-114.538132,45.606834],[-114.558253,45.585104],[-114.559038,45.565706],[-114.549508,45.56059],[-114.526075,45.570771],[-114.517761,45.568129],[-114.498176,45.555473],[-114.473759,45.563278],[-114.460542,45.561283],[-114.456764,45.543983],[-114.438991,45.536076],[-114.415804,45.509753],[-114.388618,45.502903],[-114.36852,45.492716],[-114.36562,45.490416],[-114.360719,45.474116],[-114.345019,45.459916],[-114.333218,45.459316],[-114.279217,45.480616],[-114.270717,45.486116],[-114.261616,45.495816],[-114.247824,45.524283],[-114.248183,45.533226],[-114.251836,45.537812],[-114.248121,45.545877],[-114.227942,45.546423],[-114.203665,45.53557],[-114.192802,45.536596],[-114.180043,45.551432],[-114.154837,45.552916],[-114.135249,45.557465],[-114.129099,45.565491],[-114.131469,45.574444],[-114.122322,45.58426],[-114.100308,45.586354],[-114.086584,45.59118],[-114.0821,45.596958],[-114.08179,45.611329],[-114.067619,45.627706],[-114.033456,45.648629],[-114.018731,45.648616],[-114.014973,45.654008],[-114.013786,45.658238],[-114.02007,45.670332],[-114.019315,45.692937],[-114.015633,45.696127],[-113.986656,45.704564],[-113.971565,45.700636],[-113.93422,45.682232],[-113.930403,45.671878],[-113.919752,45.658536],[-113.900588,45.648259],[-113.898883,45.644167],[-113.902539,45.636945],[-113.904691,45.622007],[-113.886006,45.61702],[-113.861404,45.62366],[-113.823068,45.612486],[-113.806729,45.602146],[-113.802955,45.592631],[-113.803261,45.584193],[-113.804796,45.580358],[-113.819868,45.566326],[-113.834555,45.520729],[-113.809144,45.519908],[-113.796579,45.523462],[-113.778361,45.523415],[-113.766022,45.520621],[-113.759986,45.480735],[-113.78416,45.454946],[-113.764591,45.431403],[-113.763368,45.427732],[-113.768058,45.418147],[-113.765203,45.410601],[-113.733092,45.390173],[-113.73553,45.364738],[-113.7402,45.34559],[-113.738729,45.329741],[-113.689359,45.28355],[-113.688077,45.276407],[-113.691557,45.270912],[-113.692039,45.265191],[-113.684946,45.253706],[-113.678749,45.24927],[-113.665633,45.246265],[-113.657027,45.241436],[-113.650064,45.23471],[-113.636889,45.212983],[-113.599506,45.191114],[-113.589891,45.176986],[-113.594632,45.166034],[-113.57467,45.128411],[-113.554744,45.112901],[-113.513342,45.115225],[-113.506638,45.107288],[-113.510819,45.099902],[-113.520134,45.093033],[-113.485278,45.063519],[-113.47377,45.0617],[-113.460578,45.064879],[-113.45197,45.059247],[-113.44912,45.046098],[-113.449909,45.035167],[-113.437726,45.006967],[-113.446884,44.998545],[-113.443782,44.95989],[-113.448958,44.953544],[-113.467467,44.948061],[-113.480836,44.95031],[-113.494446,44.948597],[-113.498745,44.942314],[-113.491121,44.927548],[-113.474573,44.910846],[-113.455071,44.865424],[-113.422376,44.842595],[-113.377153,44.834858],[-113.356062,44.819798],[-113.3461,44.800611],[-113.354763,44.795468],[-113.354034,44.791745],[-113.341704,44.784853],[-113.301508,44.798985],[-113.278382,44.812706],[-113.247166,44.82295],[-113.238729,44.814144],[-113.209624,44.80907],[-113.19436,44.802151],[-113.183395,44.793565],[-113.179366,44.787142],[-113.163806,44.778921],[-113.158206,44.780847],[-113.131453,44.772837],[-113.131387,44.764738],[-113.137704,44.760109],[-113.134824,44.752763],[-113.102138,44.729027],[-113.101154,44.708578],[-113.098064,44.697477],[-113.081906,44.691392],[-113.06776,44.679474],[-113.067756,44.672807],[-113.07042,44.667844],[-113.068306,44.656374],[-113.065589,44.649371],[-113.051504,44.63695],[-113.049349,44.62938],[-113.053529,44.621187],[-113.07376,44.613928],[-113.083819,44.60222],[-113.061071,44.577329],[-113.042363,44.565237],[-113.04282,44.546757],[-113.019777,44.528505],[-113.020917,44.493827],[-113.003544,44.450814],[-112.981682,44.434279],[-112.951146,44.416699],[-112.915602,44.402699],[-112.886041,44.395874],[-112.881769,44.380315],[-112.855395,44.359975],[-112.844859,44.358221],[-112.820489,44.370946],[-112.81324,44.378103],[-112.812608,44.392275],[-112.821896,44.407436],[-112.836034,44.422653],[-112.828191,44.442472],[-112.797863,44.466112],[-112.781294,44.484888],[-112.749011,44.491233],[-112.735084,44.499159],[-112.71911,44.504344],[-112.707815,44.503023],[-112.671169,44.491265],[-112.660696,44.485756],[-112.601863,44.491015],[-112.584197,44.481368],[-112.573513,44.480983],[-112.550557,44.484928],[-112.541989,44.483971],[-112.518871,44.475784],[-112.512036,44.47042],[-112.511713,44.466445],[-112.50031,44.463051],[-112.473207,44.480027],[-112.460347,44.47571],[-112.435342,44.462216],[-112.387389,44.448058],[-112.368764,44.467153],[-112.358926,44.48628],[-112.3566,44.493127],[-112.358917,44.528847],[-112.35421,44.535638],[-112.348794,44.538691],[-112.319198,44.53911],[-112.315008,44.5419],[-112.315047,44.550049],[-112.312899,44.553536],[-112.286187,44.568472],[-112.242785,44.568091],[-112.230117,44.562759],[-112.226841,44.555239],[-112.229477,44.549494],[-112.221698,44.543519],[-112.183937,44.533067],[-112.179703,44.533021],[-112.164597,44.541666],[-112.136454,44.539911],[-112.129078,44.5363],[-112.125101,44.528527],[-112.106755,44.520829],[-112.096299,44.523212],[-112.093304,44.530002],[-112.069011,44.537104],[-112.036943,44.530323],[-112.032707,44.546642],[-111.995231,44.535444],[-111.980833,44.536682],[-111.951522,44.550062],[-111.947941,44.556776],[-111.903566,44.55723],[-111.887852,44.563413],[-111.870504,44.564033],[-111.849293,44.539837],[-111.842542,44.526069],[-111.821488,44.509286],[-111.807914,44.511716],[-111.806512,44.516264],[-111.761904,44.529841],[-111.758966,44.533766],[-111.746401,44.540766],[-111.737191,44.54306],[-111.715474,44.543543],[-111.704218,44.560205],[-111.681571,44.559864],[-111.614405,44.548991],[-111.585763,44.562843],[-111.562814,44.555209],[-111.546637,44.557099],[-111.518095,44.544177],[-111.500792,44.540062],[-111.471682,44.540824],[-111.467736,44.544521],[-111.469185,44.552044],[-111.492024,44.56081],[-111.519126,44.582916],[-111.525764,44.604883],[-111.50494,44.635746],[-111.473178,44.665479],[-111.468833,44.679335],[-111.47798,44.682393],[-111.484898,44.687578],[-111.490228,44.700221],[-111.489339,44.704946],[-111.486019,44.707654],[-111.438793,44.720546],[-111.429604,44.720149],[-111.424214,44.714024],[-111.414271,44.710741],[-111.398575,44.723343],[-111.394459,44.744578],[-111.397805,44.746738],[-111.393854,44.752549],[-111.385005,44.755128],[-111.37476,44.750295],[-111.36627,44.742234],[-111.366723,44.738361],[-111.355768,44.727602],[-111.348184,44.725459],[-111.341351,44.7293],[-111.323669,44.724474],[-111.29626,44.702271],[-111.26875,44.668279],[-111.276956,44.655626],[-111.262839,44.649658],[-111.25268,44.651092],[-111.224161,44.623402],[-111.231227,44.606915],[-111.23018,44.587025],[-111.225208,44.581006],[-111.189617,44.571062],[-111.182551,44.566874],[-111.175747,44.552219],[-111.166892,44.54722],[-111.15959,44.546376],[-111.143557,44.535732],[-111.139455,44.517112],[-111.131379,44.499925],[-111.122654,44.493659],[-111.062729,44.476073],[-111.048974,44.474072],[-111.049077,44.020072],[-111.046515,43.908376],[-111.044156,43.020052]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Idaho\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"65","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98c6e4b08c986b31c133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, W.J.","contributorId":59470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gutschick, R.C.","contributorId":23277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutschick","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011952,"text":"70011952 - 1981 - Interpretation of changes in water level accompanying fault creep and implications for earthquake prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T15:54:28.337138","indexId":"70011952","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of changes in water level accompanying fault creep and implications for earthquake prediction","docAbstract":"Quantitative calculations for the effect of a fault creep event on observations of changes in water level in wells provide an approach to the tectonic interpretation of these phenomena. For the pore pressure field associated with an idealized creep event having an exponential displacement versus time curve, an analytic expression has been obtained in terms of exponential-integral functions. The pore pressure versus time curves for observation points near the fault are pulselike; a sharp pressure increase (or decrease, depending on the direction of propagation) is followed by more gradual decay to the normal level after the creep event. The time function of the water level change may be obtained by applying the filter—derived by A. G. Johnson and others to determine the influence of atmospheric pressure on water level—to the analytic pore pressure versus time curves. The resulting water level curves show a fairly rapid increase (or decrease) and then a very gradual return to normal. The results of this analytic model do not reproduce the steplike changes in water level observed by Johnson and others. If the procedure used to obtain the water level from the pore pressure is correct, these results suggest that steplike changes in water level are not produced by smoothly propagating creep events but by creep events that propagate discontinously, by changes in the bulk properties of the region around the well, or by some other mechanism. In addition, simplistic calculations show that significant pressure field variations and water level changes near the surface may be expected to accompany a propagating creep event on a buried fault. Water level changes of as much as several meters may be expected at the surface for a creep event having a dislocation amplitude of l m on a semi-infinite dislocation surface extending downward from a depth of 10 km and propagating horizontally at a rate of 10 km/day. The maximum near-surface effect should be observed at a horizontal distance from the fault about equal to the depth of the top of the dislocation surface. These results are consistent with the observations made in China of large water level changes preceding large earthquakes, if some sort of aseismic creep event at depth precedes these earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB10p09259","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wesson, R.L., 1981, Interpretation of changes in water level accompanying fault creep and implications for earthquake prediction: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B10, p. 9259-9267, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB10p09259.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"9259","endPage":"9267","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d6ae4b0c8380cd6355f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesson, R. L.","contributorId":51752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011916,"text":"70011916 - 1981 - Sequential extraction techniques applied to a porphyry copper deposit in the basin and range province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T14:02:43.813029","indexId":"70011916","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequential extraction techniques applied to a porphyry copper deposit in the basin and range province","docAbstract":"Our knowledge of the feeding habits of the Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, and the Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli, is based on examination of the stomach contents of stranded animals, animals accidentally taken in commercial fishing gear, those taken in the western Pacific commercial fishery, and animals that died during capture attempts. Of these only a few were normally feeding animals taken at sea, whose stomach contents were thoroughly examined. Fished and squids previously identified from stomachs of dolphins and porpoises by various investigators are listed in Table 1.
This paper documents the stomach contents of 44 Pacific white-sided dolphin and 9 Dall's porpoise collected at sea off California and Washington. All animals were collected by the authors during pelagic fur seal studies with the exception of three dolphins which were collected by a staff biologist during whale research voyages off California. Comparisons of stomach contents are made between the Pacific white-sided dolphins, Dall's porpoise, and northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, collected near the same locations and usually on the same day. Mention of the dolphin, porpoise , and seal in this paper refers to the above-named species unless noted otherwise.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Stroud, R.K., Fiscus, C.H., and Kajimura, H., 1981, Food of the Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli, and northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, off California and Washington: Fishery Bulletin, v. 78, no. 4, p. 951-959.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"951","endPage":"959","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352096,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/spo/FishBull/78-4/784toc.html"},{"id":352098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352097,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/spo/FishBull/78-4/stroud.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368278,34.076465],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134427,34.266387],[-114.161826,34.257038],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.673626,33.223121],[-114.67536,33.185489],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.66506,33.033908],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.469039,32.972295],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-122.289533,42.007764]]],[[[-122.519535,48.288314],[-122.618466,48.294159],[-122.623779,48.269431],[-122.652639,48.265081],[-122.668385,48.223967],[-122.628352,48.222467],[-122.588138,48.18594],[-122.558205,48.119579],[-122.571853,48.102143],[-122.54512,48.05255],[-122.513994,48.059077],[-122.525422,48.096537],[-122.513276,48.097538],[-122.431266,48.045001],[-122.376259,48.034457],[-122.349597,47.958796],[-122.380497,47.904023],[-122.431035,47.914732],[-122.446682,47.963155],[-122.47266,47.988449],[-122.546824,47.967215],[-122.542924,47.996404],[-122.607342,48.030992],[-122.593621,48.0472],[-122.614028,48.072788],[-122.598301,48.110616],[-122.609568,48.15186],[-122.633167,48.163281],[-122.677337,48.154587],[-122.693084,48.181509],[-122.770045,48.224395],[-122.72259,48.304268],[-122.673731,48.354683],[-122.664659,48.401508],[-122.60198,48.409907],[-122.585038,48.395166],[-122.585162,48.353304],[-122.506568,48.310041],[-122.519535,48.288314]]],[[[-122.474684,47.511068],[-122.452399,47.503471],[-122.460027,47.48686],[-122.433385,47.46643],[-122.437656,47.407424],[-122.373628,47.388718],[-122.437809,47.365606],[-122.453997,47.343337],[-122.51885,47.33332],[-122.526733,47.398581],[-122.474684,47.511068]]],[[[-122.695907,48.737273],[-122.663259,48.697077],[-122.618225,48.670721],[-122.609576,48.645018],[-122.673538,48.680809],[-122.691795,48.711498],[-122.718833,48.716818],[-122.715709,48.748672],[-122.695907,48.737273]]],[[[-123.035393,49.002154],[-123.028091,48.973943],[-123.083834,48.976139],[-123.090546,49.001976],[-123.035393,49.002154]]],[[[-122.800217,48.60169],[-122.801096,48.585425],[-122.770349,48.558106],[-122.788503,48.530393],[-122.779124,48.508911],[-122.817912,48.483888],[-122.803521,48.428748],[-122.874135,48.418196],[-122.893646,48.422655],[-122.889016,48.435947],[-122.928004,48.439966],[-122.91646,48.453263],[-122.926901,48.460874],[-122.962009,48.451161],[-123.039156,48.460003],[-123.119451,48.492576],[-123.163234,48.529544],[-123.173061,48.579086],[-123.203026,48.596178],[-123.178425,48.622115],[-123.107362,48.622451],[-123.101552,48.59782],[-123.048403,48.569216],[-122.987296,48.561895],[-122.995026,48.578162],[-123.034101,48.591767],[-123.023433,48.599477],[-123.048652,48.621002],[-122.942367,48.706723],[-122.894599,48.71503],[-122.743049,48.661991],[-122.809622,48.619035],[-122.800217,48.60169]]],[[[-123.197953,48.68466],[-123.14799,48.668001],[-123.106165,48.633473],[-123.237148,48.683466],[-123.197953,48.68466]]],[[[-123.025486,48.717966],[-123.007511,48.718863],[-123.005086,48.694342],[-123.021215,48.681416],[-123.042337,48.675663],[-123.03636,48.69008],[-123.070427,48.699971],[-123.025486,48.717966]]],[[[-122.649405,48.588457],[-122.578856,48.54813],[-122.572967,48.529028],[-122.649256,48.528769],[-122.649405,48.588457]]],[[[-122.714512,48.60878],[-122.670638,48.568812],[-122.68944,48.543903],[-122.722407,48.540606],[-122.73944,48.573893],[-122.714512,48.60878]]],[[[-122.699266,48.621115],[-122.674173,48.629944],[-122.657016,48.609891],[-122.699266,48.621115]]],[[[-122.418268,47.320614],[-122.324833,47.348521],[-122.328434,47.400621],[-122.355135,47.441921],[-122.383136,47.450521],[-122.361336,47.481421],[-122.396538,47.51522],[-122.398338,47.55012],[-122.421139,47.57602],[-122.387139,47.59572],[-122.370167,47.583087],[-122.339513,47.599113],[-122.429841,47.658919],[-122.37314,47.729219],[-122.394944,47.803318],[-122.33595,47.852306],[-122.307048,47.949117],[-122.230046,47.970917],[-122.224979,48.016626],[-122.343241,48.097631],[-122.363842,48.12393],[-122.362044,48.187568],[-122.395499,48.228551],[-122.449605,48.232598],[-122.442051,48.20935],[-122.479008,48.175703],[-122.358375,48.056133],[-122.377114,48.057568],[-122.4675,48.130353],[-122.489986,48.120617],[-122.512031,48.133931],[-122.53722,48.183745],[-122.530996,48.249821],[-122.480925,48.251706],[-122.463962,48.270541],[-122.406516,48.25183],[-122.371693,48.287839],[-122.408718,48.326413],[-122.533452,48.383409],[-122.554536,48.40604],[-122.557298,48.444438],[-122.649839,48.408526],[-122.678928,48.439466],[-122.654844,48.454087],[-122.657753,48.47294],[-122.712322,48.464143],[-122.684521,48.509123],[-122.606961,48.522152],[-122.568071,48.50821],[-122.537355,48.466749],[-122.471832,48.470724],[-122.498463,48.556206],[-122.534719,48.574246],[-122.495904,48.575927],[-122.478431,48.559303],[-122.44456,48.570115],[-122.425271,48.599522],[-122.500308,48.656163],[-122.519172,48.713095],[-122.490401,48.751128],[-122.535803,48.776128],[-122.596844,48.771492],[-122.637146,48.735708],[-122.612562,48.714932],[-122.615169,48.693839],[-122.673472,48.733082],[-122.646777,48.785011],[-122.693683,48.804475],[-122.709815,48.786205],[-122.717073,48.84719],[-122.793175,48.892927],[-122.751289,48.911239],[-122.746596,48.930731],[-122.821631,48.941369],[-122.75802,49.002357],[-117.032351,48.999188],[-117.034696,46.418318],[-117.062748,46.353624],[-116.986688,46.296662],[-116.991134,46.276342],[-116.955264,46.23088],[-116.965841,46.203417],[-116.92187,46.167808],[-116.955263,46.102237],[-116.982479,46.089389],[-116.942656,46.061],[-116.91718,45.996575],[-118.987129,45.999855],[-119.027056,45.969134],[-119.12612,45.932859],[-119.25715,45.939926],[-119.487829,45.906307],[-119.571584,45.925456],[-119.600549,45.919581],[-119.669877,45.856867],[-119.965744,45.824365],[-120.170453,45.761951],[-120.210754,45.725951],[-120.482362,45.694449],[-120.559465,45.738348],[-120.634968,45.745847],[-120.68937,45.715847],[-120.855674,45.671545],[-120.895575,45.642945],[-120.943977,45.656445],[-121.06437,45.652549],[-121.145534,45.607886],[-121.196556,45.616689],[-121.215779,45.671238],[-121.33777,45.704949],[-121.423592,45.69399],[-121.533106,45.726541],[-121.707358,45.694809],[-121.811304,45.706761],[-121.867167,45.693277],[-121.908267,45.654399],[-121.983038,45.622812],[-122.101675,45.583516],[-122.183695,45.577696],[-122.266701,45.543841],[-122.331502,45.548241],[-122.380302,45.575941],[-122.438674,45.563585],[-122.675008,45.618039],[-122.76381,45.657138],[-122.774511,45.680437],[-122.761451,45.759163],[-122.795605,45.81],[-122.785026,45.867699],[-122.81151,45.912725],[-122.813998,45.960984],[-122.878092,46.031281],[-122.904119,46.083734],[-123.004233,46.133823],[-123.115904,46.185268],[-123.166414,46.188973],[-123.280166,46.144843],[-123.371433,46.146372],[-123.430847,46.181827],[-123.427629,46.229348],[-123.474844,46.267831],[-123.669501,46.266832],[-123.680574,46.296025],[-123.700764,46.305278],[-123.766682,46.273499],[-123.806139,46.283588],[-123.875525,46.239787],[-123.919581,46.251217],[-124.001264,46.31326],[-124.029924,46.308312],[-124.044018,46.275925],[-124.082187,46.269159],[-124.057425,46.409315],[-124.068655,46.634879],[-124.048444,46.645827],[-124.035874,46.630822],[-124.050842,46.617421],[-124.023566,46.582559],[-124.026032,46.462978],[-123.990615,46.463019],[-123.983688,46.498542],[-123.968044,46.473497],[-123.943667,46.477197],[-123.894254,46.537028],[-123.928861,46.588875],[-123.955556,46.60357],[-123.960642,46.636364],[-123.921913,46.650262],[-123.923269,46.672708],[-123.851356,46.70256],[-123.84621,46.716795],[-123.898641,46.750205],[-123.916874,46.726739],[-123.974994,46.733391],[-123.966886,46.705184],[-124.003458,46.702337],[-124.092176,46.741624],[-124.108078,46.836388],[-124.138225,46.905534],[-124.110641,46.91252],[-124.093392,46.901168],[-124.089286,46.867716],[-124.073113,46.861493],[-124.046344,46.893972],[-123.985082,46.921916],[-123.86018,46.948556],[-123.898245,46.971927],[-124.012218,46.985176],[-124.005248,47.003915],[-124.026345,47.030187],[-124.122057,47.04165],[-124.151288,47.021112],[-124.124386,46.94387],[-124.180111,46.926357],[-124.169113,46.994508],[-124.182802,47.134041],[-124.236349,47.287287],[-124.319379,47.355559],[-124.355955,47.545698],[-124.425195,47.738434],[-124.47657,47.769671],[-124.489737,47.816988],[-124.539927,47.836967],[-124.562363,47.866216],[-124.625512,47.887963],[-124.672427,47.964414],[-124.696542,48.069274],[-124.687101,48.098657],[-124.733174,48.163393],[-124.696111,48.198599],[-124.690389,48.219745],[-124.705031,48.238774],[-124.684677,48.255228],[-124.65894,48.331057],[-124.731828,48.381157],[-124.653243,48.390691],[-124.631108,48.376522],[-124.599278,48.381035],[-124.395593,48.288772],[-124.272017,48.25441],[-124.238582,48.262471],[-124.101773,48.216883],[-124.107215,48.200082],[-124.050734,48.177747],[-123.981032,48.164761],[-123.858821,48.154273],[-123.702743,48.166783],[-123.628819,48.139279],[-123.590839,48.134949],[-123.551131,48.151382],[-123.507235,48.131807],[-123.440128,48.142014],[-123.441972,48.124259],[-123.424668,48.118065],[-123.332699,48.11297],[-123.239129,48.118217],[-123.133445,48.177276],[-123.143229,48.156633],[-123.06621,48.120469],[-123.038727,48.081138],[-122.929095,48.096244],[-122.917942,48.091535],[-122.927975,48.06665],[-122.877641,48.047025],[-122.849273,48.053808],[-122.878255,48.076072],[-122.876282,48.110877],[-122.833173,48.134406],[-122.760448,48.14324],[-122.748911,48.117026],[-122.801399,48.087561],[-122.766648,48.04429],[-122.74229,48.049324],[-122.747389,48.070795],[-122.733257,48.091232],[-122.68724,48.101662],[-122.669868,48.017217],[-122.723374,48.008095],[-122.718082,47.987739],[-122.6788,47.96793],[-122.68445,47.939593],[-122.657722,47.931156],[-122.646494,47.894771],[-122.610341,47.887343],[-122.63636,47.866186],[-122.69376,47.868002],[-122.683742,47.838773],[-122.748061,47.800546],[-122.758498,47.746036],[-122.811929,47.679861],[-122.832139,47.695511],[-122.790619,47.792597],[-122.820178,47.835904],[-122.815027,47.807493],[-122.845612,47.777474],[-122.896524,47.674838],[-122.97244,47.6149],[-123.106486,47.45817],[-123.15598,47.355745],[-123.140169,47.347496],[-123.111298,47.362619],[-123.120234,47.39149],[-122.967284,47.585685],[-122.856611,47.649615],[-122.754186,47.671612],[-122.740159,47.736228],[-122.714801,47.768176],[-122.608105,47.856728],[-122.573672,47.857582],[-122.588235,47.912923],[-122.620316,47.931553],[-122.603861,47.940478],[-122.592184,47.922519],[-122.527593,47.905882],[-122.506122,47.831745],[-122.482529,47.815511],[-122.495458,47.786692],[-122.470333,47.757109],[-122.488491,47.743605],[-122.554454,47.745704],[-122.543161,47.710941],[-122.504604,47.699136],[-122.518277,47.65132],[-122.493205,47.635122],[-122.49824,47.598242],[-122.479089,47.583654],[-122.543118,47.556326],[-122.546611,47.52355],[-122.494882,47.510265],[-122.530514,47.469041],[-122.531889,47.428827],[-122.551136,47.394456],[-122.537044,47.375896],[-122.575985,47.32642],[-122.547521,47.285344],[-122.589454,47.227618],[-122.611464,47.2181],[-122.697378,47.283969],[-122.671256,47.343774],[-122.632463,47.376394],[-122.725738,47.33047],[-122.749621,47.276408],[-122.641802,47.205013],[-122.711997,47.127681],[-122.771619,47.167109],[-122.832799,47.243412],[-122.799025,47.289306],[-122.796646,47.341654],[-122.821868,47.363069],[-122.822344,47.319763],[-122.863732,47.270221],[-122.838298,47.208353],[-122.85994,47.165574],[-122.814238,47.179482],[-122.775056,47.123114],[-122.67813,47.103866],[-122.590829,47.178107],[-122.527586,47.291531],[-122.547747,47.316403],[-122.4442,47.266723],[-122.409199,47.288556],[-122.444635,47.300421],[-122.418268,47.320614]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff44cee4b0da30c1bfdb30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stroud, Richard K.","contributorId":102837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroud","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fiscus, Clifford H.","contributorId":25215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fiscus","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kajimura, Hiroshi","contributorId":117888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kajimura","given":"Hiroshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11253,"text":"ofr81709 - 1981 - Geology and oil shale resources near Elko, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-26T20:42:50.550523","indexId":"ofr81709","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-709","title":"Geology and oil shale resources near Elko, Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81709","usgsCitation":"Solomon, B., 1981, Geology and oil shale resources near Elko, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-709, Report: vii, 146 p.; 1 Plate: 41.91 x 39.28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81709.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 146 p.; 1 Plate: 41.91 x 39.28 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416583,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75528.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":39048,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0709/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39049,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0709/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0709/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Elko","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.794,\n 40.833\n ],\n [\n -115.794,\n 40.766\n ],\n [\n -115.698,\n 40.766\n ],\n [\n -115.698,\n 40.833\n ],\n [\n -115.794,\n 40.833\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db68471f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solomon, B.J.","contributorId":10045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10942,"text":"ofr801179 - 1981 - Potentiometric surface of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer; Bienville, Red River, and northern Natchitoches, and southern Webster Parishes, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T22:02:37.885546","indexId":"ofr801179","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1179","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer; Bienville, Red River, and northern Natchitoches, and southern Webster Parishes, Louisiana","docAbstract":"The potentiometric surface of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer in central northwestern Louisiana is shown by contours using data collected from 1960 to 1980. The aquifer is not affected by regional water-level declines as no large pumping centers have been developed. Seasonal water-level fluctuations in wells are generally less than 10 feet annually.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr801179","usgsCitation":"Ryals, G., 1981, Potentiometric surface of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer; Bienville, Red River, and northern Natchitoches, and southern Webster Parishes, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1179, 1 Plate: 18.00 x 15.14 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801179.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 18.00 x 15.14 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144036,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":38706,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1179/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416885,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75360.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Bienville Parish, Natchitoches Parish, Red River Parish, Webster Parish","otherGeospatial":"Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.6083,\n 32.5833\n ],\n [\n -93.6083,\n 31.8864\n ],\n [\n -92.7778,\n 31.8864\n ],\n [\n -92.7778,\n 32.5833\n ],\n [\n -93.6083,\n 32.5833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryals, G.N.","contributorId":47374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryals","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012124,"text":"70012124 - 1981 - Chemical constraints of groundwater management in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T07:03:57","indexId":"70012124","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical constraints of groundwater management in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico","docAbstract":"Two critical objectives of water management in the Yucatan are: (1) to develop regional groundwater supplies for an expanding population and tourism based on the Mayan archeological sites and excellent beaches; and (2) to control groundwater pollution in a chemically sensitive system made vulnerable by geologic conditions.
The Yucatan peninsula is a coastal plain underlain by permeable limestone and has an annual rainfall of more than 1000 mm. Such a setting should provide abundant supplies of water; however, factors of climate and hydrogeology have combined to form a hydrologic system with chemical boundaries that decrease the amount of available fresh water.
Management of water resources has long had a major influence on the cultural and economic development of the Yucatan. The Mayan culture of the northern Yucatan developed by extensive use of groundwater. The religion was water-oriented and the Mayan priests prayed to Chac, the water god, for assistance in water management primarily to decrease the severity of droughts. The Spaniards arrived in 1517 and augmented the supplies by digging wells, which remained the common practice for more than 300 years. Many wells now have been abandoned because of serious problems of pollution resulting from the use of a sewage disposal well adjacent to each supply well.
The modern phase of water management began in 1959 when the Secretaría de Recursos Hidráulicos (S.R.H.) was charged with the responsibility for both scientific investigations and development programmes for water-supply and sewage-disposal systems for cities, villages and islands.
The use of multispectral reflectance data as surrogates for land attributes must be done within strict rules of logic and with a recognition of judgmental factors such as the use of a priori or a posteriori classification schemes. The naming and describing of spectral classes as surrogates of information classes is a critical element in the logic of mapping and must be complete and logically consistent. Maps of information classes derived from multispectral data should be portrayed without class boundaries so as to indicate the degree of homogeneity or heterogeneity of classes on maps in which these characteristics are of major importance.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(81)90022-5","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Robinove, C.J., 1981, The logic of multispectral classification and mapping of land: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 11, p. 231-244, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(81)90022-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"244","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bada4e4b08c986b323d3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinove, Charles J.","contributorId":16983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinove","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011725,"text":"70011725 - 1981 - Preliminary paleomagnetic poles and correlation of the Proterozoic Uinta Mountain Group, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T23:37:31.189423","indexId":"70011725","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary paleomagnetic poles and correlation of the Proterozoic Uinta Mountain Group, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"Stable paleomagnetic directions have been obtained from seven sites spanning much of the 7-km-thick middle Proterozoic Uinta Mountain Group. The characteristic magnetization is carried partly by detrital(?) and secondary specularite and partly by hematite pigment. Preliminary paleomagnetic poles for six of the seven sites are closely grouped and their mean pole is 0.6°N, 157.2°E (N = 6, α95 = 5.4°). The pole for the seventh and stratigraphically highest site lies to the west, 4.6°N, 140.1°E, and (n = 8, α95= 15.9°). On the basis of the poles, revisions to correlations of the Uinta Mountain Group with other sequences are proposed. The Uinta Mountain Group appears to correlate with the Chuar Group and perhaps the upper member of the underlying Nankoweap Formation, and post-dates the Unkar Group of the Grand Canyon Supergroup. In addition, the upper part of the Uinta Mountain Group appears to correlate with the Little Dal Group of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The Uinta Mountain Group appears to entirely post-date the Belt Supergroup of Montana and Idaho. Correlation of the Uinta Mountain Group with the Chuar and Little Dal Groups is supported by the presence of the fossil Chuaria and by apparently overlapping isotopic ages. A maximum age range for the Uinta Mountain Group, extrapolated from the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Little Dal Group, extends from <1100 to > 770 m.y.
Metamorphosed Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the east-central Sierra Nevada range in composition from basalt to rhyolite and have ages, based on whole rock Rb-Sr and U-Pb zircon dating, of about 237–224, 185, 163, 134, and 100 m.y. The major plutons of the batholith in this area are of Triassic (215–200 m.y.) and Cretaceous (94–80 m.y.) ages. Initial 87Sr/86Sr values for the metamorphosed volcanic rocks of the area are in the range from 0.7042 to 0.7058 and are generally different from the values for the surrounding batholithic rocks (0.7056–0.7066). A circular, zoned granitic pluton, with an outcrop area of 2.5 km2, similar in appearance to a ring dike complex, was apparently a conduit for some or possibly all of the middle-Cretaceous metamorphosed volcanic rocks exposed about 5 km to the south in the western part of the Ritter Range. Samples from the metamorphosed volcanic rocks and the pluton yield a Rb-Sr whole rock isochron age of 99.9 ± 2.2 m.y. with an initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7048 ± 0.0001. Major element variation diagrams of the pluton and volcanic rocks define coincident compositional trends. The pluton, intruded into Early Jurassic metamorphosed volcanic rocks (Rb-Sr whole rock isochron age of 185 ± 6 m.y., initial 87/86Sr = 0.70474 ± 0.00009), is composed of a central body of granite that is intruded into and almost completely surrounded by a crescent-shaped outer rim of quartz monzodiorite. Contact relations between the granitic rocks, intrusive in some places and completely gradational at other places, indicate that the quartz monzodiorite was not completely crystallized prior to the intrusion of the granite. Modal minerology within the pluton is also consistent with this inferred crystallization history. The granitic rock textures are cataclastic, characterized by a groundmass of feldspar and quartz that surrounds larger grains of feldspar, hornblende, and biotite. Widely spaced aplite dikes from the granite intrude the quartz monzodiorite along the contact between the granitic rocks. The aplite dikes and interstitial alkali feldspar associated with myrmekite in the pluton, being undeformed, indicate crystallization of a small amount of silicate liquid after cataclasis. Aplite compositions suggest a minimum crystallization pressure of 0.5 kb (1–2 km); this depth is consistent with crystallization near the base of a large stratovolcano. The pluton is characterized by steep, linear features, defined by mineral clots and inclusions, that probably formed during the upward movement of the nearly crystallized magma in the volcanic conduit. The ages of volcanic events relative to the ages of the major intrusive epochs and the major element and isotopic compositions of the volcanic rocks relative to the major plutons indicate that the volcanic rocks are not simply or directly related to the major plutons in the Sierra Nevada.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB11p10489","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R.W., and Swanson, S., 1981, Petrology and geochronology of metamorphosed volcanic rocks and a middle Cretaceous volcanic neck in the east-central Sierra Nevada, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B11, p. 10489-10501, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB11p10489.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"10489","endPage":"10501","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221611,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7820e4b0c8380cd78641","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, S.E.","contributorId":84505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1004073,"text":"1004073 - 1981 - An outbreak of duck virus enteritis (duck plague) in a captive flock of mixed waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T14:33:23","indexId":"1004073","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An outbreak of duck virus enteritis (duck plague) in a captive flock of mixed waterfowl","docAbstract":"An outbreak of duck virus enteritis occurred in a flock of captive waterfowl composed of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), black ducks (Anas rubripes), and Canada geese (Branta canadensis). Although all three species were housed together, morbidity and mortality were confined to the 227 black ducks and Canada geese, of which 180 died and the rest were left in a weakened condition. Lesions are given for 20 black ducks and 4 Canada geese dying from DVE. In addition, both horizontal and vertical transmission are discussed as possible sources of the virus that caused this outbreak.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.2307/1589844","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, R.D., Stein, G., Novilla, M.N., Hurley, S.S., and Fink, R.J., 1981, An outbreak of duck virus enteritis (duck plague) in a captive flock of mixed waterfowl: Avian Diseases, v. 25, no. 1, p. 207-213, https://doi.org/10.2307/1589844.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"213","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nebraska, Nevada","county":"Churchill, Clay, Glenn, Humboldt, Phelps, Siskiyou, Stanislaus, Sutter","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Glenn\",\"state\":\"CA\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-122.0456,39.8008],[-122.0276,39.7998],[-122.0311,39.7794],[-122.0247,39.7677],[-121.9793,39.7355],[-121.9657,39.7421],[-121.9408,39.6954],[-121.9552,39.6784],[-121.9926,39.6722],[-121.9694,39.6577],[-121.9875,39.6442],[-121.9924,39.63],[-121.9775,39.614],[-121.9944,39.6014],[-121.9908,39.5675],[-122.001,39.5523],[-121.9842,39.5313],[-121.9379,39.5372],[-121.852,39.5375],[-121.878,39.5125],[-121.8725,39.4913],[-121.8742,39.4351],[-121.8881,39.3849],[-122.0048,39.3845],[-122.0034,39.4131],[-122.1386,39.4148],[-122.1382,39.3862],[-122.1947,39.3855],[-122.4353,39.3855],[-122.5813,39.3865],[-122.7389,39.3834],[-122.7313,39.5197],[-122.7368,39.5359],[-122.7353,39.5817],[-122.8882,39.5827],[-122.8907,39.7114],[-122.9099,39.7118],[-122.9123,39.7499],[-122.9362,39.7501],[-122.9373,39.7991],[-122.717,39.8008],[-122.59,39.7995],[-122.3091,39.8007],[-122.118,39.7998],[-122.0456,39.8008]]]},\"id\":\"195\"},\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Humboldt\",\"state\":\"CA\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-123.47,41.3204],[-123.445,41.2744],[-123.442,41.2518],[-123.451,41.2319],[-123.435,41.2197],[-123.414,41.1954],[-123.409,41.1801],[-123.431,41.1617],[-123.429,41.1268],[-123.445,41.0886],[-123.461,41.0754],[-123.451,41.0644],[-123.429,41.0623],[-123.422,41.0417],[-123.408,41.0303],[-123.406,41.0149],[-123.426,40.9993],[-123.436,40.9727],[-123.451,40.9649],[-123.445,40.9451],[-123.467,40.9367],[-123.49,40.9156],[-123.538,40.9313],[-123.556,40.9494],[-123.587,40.9284],[-123.62,40.9346],[-123.614,40.9107],[-123.572,40.8553],[-123.558,40.829],[-123.555,40.7801],[-123.547,40.773],[-123.541,40.7392],[-123.546,40.591],[-123.547,40.502],[-123.547,40.3028],[-123.544,40.1032],[-123.544,40.0038],[-123.592,40.0031],[-123.995,40.0021],[-124.027,40.0035],[-124.054,40.0239],[-124.081,40.0309],[-124.079,40.062],[-124.086,40.0784],[-124.11,40.1027],[-124.126,40.1115],[-124.188,40.1308],[-124.216,40.1619],[-124.289,40.203],[-124.347,40.2462],[-124.363,40.2632],[-124.363,40.2808],[-124.349,40.3188],[-124.362,40.3407],[-124.366,40.3726],[-124.377,40.3957],[-124.392,40.4077],[-124.409,40.4413],[-124.39,40.4757],[-124.387,40.5074],[-124.367,40.5415],[-124.321,40.6318],[-124.3,40.6662],[-124.266,40.7003],[-124.226,40.6839],[-124.212,40.7067],[-124.223,40.7239],[-124.198,40.7553],[-124.203,40.7672],[-124.175,40.8047],[-124.145,40.8103],[-124.123,40.8067],[-124.088,40.8242],[-124.086,40.8506],[-124.154,40.8622],[-124.172,40.8267],[-124.187,40.8111],[-124.197,40.7866],[-124.232,40.7633],[-124.198,40.8105],[-124.158,40.8782],[-124.136,40.9302],[-124.123,40.9717],[-124.114,41.0151],[-124.117,41.0339],[-124.139,41.0569],[-124.16,41.0689],[-124.162,41.1411],[-124.145,41.1417],[-124.114,41.2075],[-124.099,41.2594],[-124.085,41.3239],[-124.071,41.3753],[-124.064,41.4414],[-124.052,41.465],[-123.771,41.4656],[-123.771,41.3811],[-123.545,41.3816],[-123.504,41.3829],[-123.474,41.3661],[-123.482,41.3541],[-123.47,41.3204]]]},\"id\":\"196\"},\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Siskiyou\",\"state\":\"CA\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-123.409,41.1801],[-123.4141,41.1954],[-123.435,41.2197],[-123.451,41.2319],[-123.4417,41.2518],[-123.4454,41.2744],[-123.4638,41.2861],[-123.4559,41.2981],[-123.47,41.3204],[-123.4817,41.3541],[-123.4743,41.3638],[-123.5036,41.3829],[-123.5445,41.3816],[-123.6591,41.3821],[-123.6369,41.41],[-123.648,41.4215],[-123.624,41.4309],[-123.6121,41.4585],[-123.6241,41.4645],[-123.6345,41.4842],[-123.6498,41.5364],[-123.6846,41.5421],[-123.6895,41.5523],[-123.6845,41.5929],[-123.7159,41.6033],[-123.6961,41.6316],[-123.6868,41.6724],[-123.664,41.6918],[-123.6689,41.703],[-123.6594,41.7187],[-123.6784,41.7381],[-123.687,41.7792],[-123.6732,41.796],[-123.6865,41.801],[-123.7012,41.8305],[-123.6824,41.8366],[-123.6493,41.8595],[-123.6417,41.8884],[-123.6055,41.8818],[-123.5921,41.9045],[-123.5624,41.904],[-123.5534,41.9302],[-123.5327,41.9554],[-123.5388,41.9875],[-123.5198,41.9994],[-123.3361,41.9987],[-123.2285,42.0029],[-123.1379,42.0084],[-123.0508,42.0028],[-122.5968,42.0058],[-122.3503,42.0098],[-122.1879,42.0091],[-121.8726,42.003],[-121.646,41.9999],[-121.4469,41.9981],[-121.4468,41.9506],[-121.4579,41.9504],[-121.4571,41.7879],[-121.4493,41.7757],[-121.4495,41.5605],[-121.446,41.4107],[-121.4473,41.2827],[-121.4459,41.1847],[-121.5612,41.1838],[-122.0014,41.1832],[-122.2341,41.1834],[-122.4986,41.1852],[-122.5184,41.207],[-122.5138,41.2843],[-122.5008,41.295],[-122.5026,41.3095],[-122.4836,41.3227],[-122.5133,41.3442],[-122.5408,41.344],[-122.5431,41.3544],[-122.573,41.3673],[-122.5877,41.3529],[-122.5817,41.3412],[-122.5963,41.325],[-122.629,41.3319],[-122.6494,41.3228],[-122.6536,41.2918],[-122.6823,41.2788],[-122.7121,41.2745],[-122.7285,41.2459],[-122.7583,41.242],[-122.806,41.203],[-122.8258,41.2098],[-122.845,41.2011],[-122.8709,41.2054],[-122.8915,41.2022],[-122.9348,41.1765],[-122.9498,41.1838],[-122.9506,41.1493],[-122.9634,41.1362],[-122.9596,41.1213],[-122.9714,41.1124],[-122.9643,41.0803],[-122.9248,41.0701],[-122.899,41.0294],[-122.9037,41.013],[-122.9236,40.9956],[-122.9467,40.995],[-122.9622,41.0114],[-123.0031,41.0139],[-123.0343,41.0049],[-123.048,41.0345],[-123.0678,41.053],[-123.0987,41.0607],[-123.1135,41.0762],[-123.1417,41.079],[-123.2017,41.0719],[-123.241,41.0762],[-123.2565,41.0925],[-123.2623,41.1091],[-123.2982,41.1421],[-123.3232,41.1409],[-123.3312,41.1534],[-123.3567,41.1617],[-123.3762,41.1507],[-123.409,41.1801]]]},\"id\":\"231\"},\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Stanislaus\",\"state\":\"CA\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-120.6542,37.8323],[-120.3873,37.6347],[-120.5964,37.5518],[-120.9858,37.399],[-120.9925,37.3857],[-120.9726,37.3747],[-120.9811,37.3641],[-120.9662,37.3434],[-121.0795,37.2523],[-121.1631,37.1886],[-121.2266,37.1369],[-121.2415,37.158],[-121.2624,37.1622],[-121.2808,37.1819],[-121.2961,37.1708],[-121.3215,37.1691],[-121.3646,37.1843],[-121.4037,37.1542],[-121.4141,37.1763],[-121.4127,37.1912],[-121.4209,37.2147],[-121.4553,37.2491],[-121.4538,37.279],[-121.4421,37.2991],[-121.4236,37.2999],[-121.4067,37.3187],[-121.4241,37.3615],[-121.4114,37.3876],[-121.422,37.3933],[-121.458,37.3968],[-121.4584,37.4109],[-121.4721,37.4243],[-121.4635,37.4511],[-121.4844,37.4735],[-121.4707,37.4818],[-121.2423,37.6631],[-121.2284,37.6628],[-121.2218,37.681],[-121.2012,37.6963],[-121.1636,37.7022],[-121.1557,37.7155],[-121.1157,37.7237],[-121.0864,37.7413],[-121.0462,37.7378],[-120.989,37.7598],[-120.9554,37.7384],[-120.9212,37.7425],[-120.9264,37.8956],[-120.9259,38.0779],[-120.7258,37.8987],[-120.6542,37.8323]]]},\"id\":\"234\"},\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Sutter\",\"state\":\"CA\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-121.6253,39.2949],[-121.6345,39.244],[-121.6134,39.2153],[-121.6256,39.2038],[-121.6104,39.1732],[-121.597,39.1],[-121.5854,39.0871],[-121.6072,39.0636],[-121.6061,39.0455],[-121.5961,39.0279],[-121.5795,38.9448],[-121.5496,38.9553],[-121.5418,38.9726],[-121.5247,38.9729],[-121.4856,38.993],[-121.4602,38.998],[-121.4388,38.9942],[-121.4141,39.0014],[-121.4139,38.9266],[-121.4684,38.9258],[-121.4701,38.7512],[-121.485,38.7346],[-121.5081,38.737],[-121.6054,38.7354],[-121.5925,38.7574],[-121.6025,38.7758],[-121.6251,38.7845],[-121.6745,38.7569],[-121.6937,38.7683],[-121.6909,38.7919],[-121.7196,38.8023],[-121.7336,38.8365],[-121.7308,38.8601],[-121.7536,38.8719],[-121.7816,38.8583],[-121.8171,38.878],[-121.7925,38.9043],[-121.8351,38.9248],[-121.8324,38.9698],[-121.8188,38.9873],[-121.8158,39.0055],[-121.8243,39.0307],[-121.8475,39.0701],[-121.8717,39.0679],[-121.8916,39.0784],[-121.8915,39.0924],[-121.9102,39.1206],[-121.9331,39.1306],[-121.9358,39.1401],[-121.9154,39.1495],[-121.9337,39.1655],[-121.9426,39.1839],[-121.926,39.201],[-121.9454,39.2482],[-121.9232,39.2768],[-121.9086,39.3052],[-121.8354,39.3034],[-121.729,39.304],[-121.6298,39.3066],[-121.6253,39.2949]]]},\"id\":\"235\"},\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Clay\",\"state\":\"NE\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-97.8245,40.6985],[-97.826,40.6105],[-97.8236,40.3505],[-97.9371,40.3506],[-98.0493,40.352],[-98.278,40.3512],[-98.2798,40.524],[-98.278,40.6987],[-97.9385,40.6981],[-97.8245,40.6985]]]},\"id\":\"1668\"},\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Phelps\",\"state\":\"NE\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.4168,40.6686],[-99.3775,40.6644],[-99.3356,40.671],[-99.2842,40.6602],[-99.1794,40.6587],[-99.1806,40.6124],[-99.1793,40.3503],[-99.5172,40.3493],[-99.6421,40.3502],[-99.6454,40.4132],[-99.6441,40.4364],[-99.6434,40.6849],[-99.5986,40.6771],[-99.5446,40.6805],[-99.518,40.6768],[-99.4544,40.6752],[-99.4168,40.6686]]]},\"id\":\"1719\"},\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Churchill\",\"state\":\"NV\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-117.5394,40.003],[-117.5099,39.9704],[-117.5045,39.955],[-117.4781,39.9391],[-117.4686,39.921],[-117.4602,39.882],[-117.4716,39.8376],[-117.4872,39.8262],[-117.486,39.7981],[-117.4943,39.7755],[-117.495,39.7492],[-117.4752,39.7365],[-117.4866,39.7161],[-117.4788,39.6911],[-117.4645,39.6789],[-117.4842,39.644],[-117.4621,39.6259],[-117.4806,39.6005],[-117.4759,39.5837],[-117.4783,39.5579],[-117.4944,39.5348],[-117.5164,39.537],[-117.5659,39.5198],[-117.5886,39.5198],[-117.5868,39.5052],[-117.6213,39.4762],[-117.6475,39.4671],[-117.6362,39.4522],[-117.6439,39.4263],[-117.6713,39.4231],[-117.6843,39.3973],[-117.6968,39.3846],[-117.7539,39.3772],[-117.7615,39.3563],[-117.7585,39.3391],[-117.7309,39.2771],[-117.7219,39.249],[-117.7224,39.2132],[-117.7425,39.1918],[-117.7698,39.175],[-117.7899,39.1686],[-117.7845,39.1523],[-117.7934,39.1387],[-117.7944,39.1092],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-118.163,39.0738],[-118.3568,39.074],[-118.4795,39.0749],[-118.7539,39.0747],[-118.754,39.1132],[-118.7925,39.1128],[-118.7924,39.1405],[-118.8108,39.1403],[-118.8111,39.1557],[-118.8295,39.156],[-118.8291,39.1705],[-118.8478,39.1843],[-118.8668,39.1846],[-118.8671,39.1986],[-118.8908,39.1983],[-118.8902,39.2265],[-118.9098,39.2262],[-118.9083,39.2412],[-118.9285,39.2414],[-118.9287,39.256],[-118.9478,39.2557],[-118.9469,39.2702],[-118.9665,39.2705],[-118.9662,39.285],[-118.9858,39.2852],[-118.9861,39.3015],[-119.0081,39.3013],[-119.0251,39.3156],[-119.026,39.3301],[-119.0456,39.3298],[-119.0447,39.3443],[-119.0632,39.3446],[-119.0635,39.3591],[-119.0819,39.3593],[-119.0823,39.3733],[-119.1007,39.3735],[-119.1004,39.3881],[-119.1189,39.3883],[-119.1183,39.5197],[-119.0896,39.5192],[-119.0904,39.6371],[-119.0797,39.6372],[-119.0789,39.7089],[-119.0914,39.7087],[-119.1913,39.6326],[-119.1918,39.682],[-119.1727,39.6818],[-119.1727,39.7861],[-119.1919,39.7858],[-119.19,39.8094],[-119.2092,39.8092],[-119.2089,39.8994],[-119.2257,39.8992],[-119.2251,39.9994],[-118.9249,39.9982],[-118.761,39.9999],[-118.4759,39.9984],[-118.36,40.0006],[-118.1355,39.9992],[-117.9818,40.0021],[-117.7579,40.001],[-117.6144,40.0012],[-117.5394,40.003]]]},\"id\":\"1744\"}]}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6841f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery, Roy D.","contributorId":54941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, George Jr.","contributorId":34089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stein","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Novilla, Meliton N.","contributorId":74903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Novilla","given":"Meliton","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurley, Sarah S.","contributorId":33269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fink, Robert J.","contributorId":23887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fink","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70011718,"text":"70011718 - 1981 - Determination of tetraalkyllead compounds in gasoline by liquid chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T17:37:45.47589","indexId":"70011718","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of tetraalkyllead compounds in gasoline by liquid chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry","docAbstract":"A liquid chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry (LC-AAS) hybrid analytical technique is presented for metal speciation measurements on complex liquid samples. The versatility and inherent metal selectivity of the technique are Illustrated by the rapid determination of five tetraalkyllead compounds in commercial gasoline. Separation of the individual tetraalkyllead species is achieved by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using an acetonitrile/water mobile phase. The effluent from the liquid Chromatograph is introduced directly into the aspiration uptake capillary of the nebulizer of an air/acetylene flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Spectral interferences due to coeluting hydrocarbon matrix constituents were not observed at the 283.3-nm resonance line of lead used for analysis. Detection limits of this LC-AAS hydrid analytical technique, based on a 20-μL injection, are approximately 10 ng Pb for each tetraalkyllead compound.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac00234a020","usgsCitation":"Messman, J.D., and Rains, T.C., 1981, Determination of tetraalkyllead compounds in gasoline by liquid chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 53, no. 11, p. 1632-1636, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00234a020.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1632","endPage":"1636","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffcde4b0c8380cd4f3e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Messman, J. D.","contributorId":105855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rains, T. C.","contributorId":38281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rains","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011729,"text":"70011729 - 1981 - Toxicity of volcanic-ash leachate to a blue-green alga. Results of a preliminary bioassay experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T18:50:20.768464","indexId":"70011729","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of volcanic-ash leachate to a blue-green alga. Results of a preliminary bioassay experiment","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00085a606","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Feder, G.L., and Stiles, E., 1981, Toxicity of volcanic-ash leachate to a blue-green alga. Results of a preliminary bioassay experiment: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 362-364, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00085a606.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"364","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221689,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Richland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.27527640950927,\n 46.366754995561195\n ],\n [\n -119.26771599732572,\n 46.32259344833176\n ],\n [\n -119.29214194437992,\n 46.3081328300195\n ],\n [\n -119.35029896117543,\n 46.30732935029394\n ],\n [\n -119.3636750750384,\n 46.30411531345209\n ],\n [\n -119.33808598764833,\n 46.286434737709214\n ],\n [\n -119.31773103177002,\n 46.264325990490676\n ],\n [\n -119.28981566370814,\n 46.246632570492636\n ],\n [\n -119.20897741036228,\n 46.226519481796004\n ],\n [\n -119.15430981457445,\n 46.217264985444984\n ],\n [\n -119.13918899020763,\n 46.21565534857899\n ],\n [\n -119.13162857802436,\n 46.23295647225717\n ],\n [\n -119.19327501582752,\n 46.2430127585813\n ],\n [\n -119.23107707674471,\n 46.26714032641877\n ],\n [\n -119.25724773430245,\n 46.27678838126897\n ],\n [\n -119.25841087463834,\n 46.28362139252266\n ],\n [\n -119.21479311204172,\n 46.28964981243578\n ],\n [\n -119.23107707674471,\n 46.32018361063953\n ],\n [\n -119.23165864691265,\n 46.34668598746103\n ],\n [\n -119.24677947127947,\n 46.36755760257711\n ],\n [\n -119.27527640950927,\n 46.366754995561195\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb620e4b08c986b326a93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":361824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feder, G. L.","contributorId":79508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feder","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stiles, E.A.","contributorId":42353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011899,"text":"70011899 - 1981 - Preconsolidation stress of aquifer systems in areas of induced land subsidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:32:59","indexId":"70011899","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preconsolidation stress of aquifer systems in areas of induced land subsidence","docAbstract":"Aquifer systems in the Eloy-Picacho area, Arizona, the Houston-Galveston area, Texas, and the Tulare-Wasco area and Santa Clara Valley, California, appear to have been overconsolidated by an amount that ranged approximately from 1.6 to 6.2 bars (16 to 63 m of water) before man began to withdraw groundwater from them. The relation between land subsidence and water level decline in these areas, consists of two linear segments. In these areas, subsidence per unit water level decline was approximately constant until water levels had declined an amount that ranged from 16 to 63 m. When water levels declined past these values, subsidence per unit water level decline increased to larger constant values. Although slow drainage from aquitards may have contributed to this response, it is interpreted here to be caused primarily by natural overconsolidation of the compacting part of the aquifer system. The water level decline at which the ratio of subsidence to unit water level decline changed indicates approximately the amount by which the preconsolidation stress exceeded the overburden stress on the aquifer system that existed before groundwater withdrawals began.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR017i003p00693","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., 1981, Preconsolidation stress of aquifer systems in areas of induced land subsidence: Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 3, p. 693-704, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i003p00693.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"693","endPage":"704","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Texas","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8147e4b0c8380cd7b447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011902,"text":"70011902 - 1981 - Hydrologic testing of tight zones in southeastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T00:03:54.00433","indexId":"70011902","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic testing of tight zones in southeastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"Increased attention is being directed toward the investigation of tight zones in relation to the storage and disposal of hazardous wastes. Shut-in tests, slug tests, and pressure-slug tests are being used at the proposed Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site, located in southeastern New Mexico, to evaluate the fluid-transmitting properties of several zones above the proposed repository zone. Apparatus used to conduct these tests includes a pressure-transducer system connected to a recording device at the land surface. All three testing methods were used in various combinations to obtain values for the hydraulic properties of the test zones. Multiple testing on the same zone produced similar results. Transmissivities determined by these tests range from 0.00001 to 10 feet squared per day (.000001 to 1 meter squared per day).