Water-quality data through 1979 in the Canadian, North Canadian, and Deep Fork River basins within Oklahoma were examined for water type and suitability for public water supply and irrigation use. Of 105 stations with available data, 47 stations or 45 percent were considered to have sufficient data for analysis. The classification of water type was based on the relation of the major ions: calcium, magnesium, sodium, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride to each other within the range of measured specific conductance. The suitability for use as a public supply was based on the concentration distribution of selected constituents. The constituents selected were those with maximum contaminant levels established by regulation, or constituents for which recommended maximum limits have been established and for which historic data are available. The irrigation classification method of Wilcox was used to relate sodium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations and the salinity distribution to the use of the water for irrigation. Where data were available, the chance of phytotoxic effects by boron was discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8180","usgsCitation":"Stoner, J.D., 1981, Water type and suitability of Oklahoma surface waters for public supply and irrigation, Part 3: Canadian, North Canadian, and deep fork river basins through 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-80, v, 210 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8180.","productDescription":"v, 210 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":358895,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0080/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0080/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Lagoon sediments deposited during the last regression or the Holocene transgression occur in patches on the inner and central shelf. During each transgression or submergence, the surficial sand sheet is recharged with a new biogenic carbonate fraction along with the addition of small amounts of clastic sediments derived from 'overrun' estuaries and erosion of underlying Tertiary sediments. The stratigraphy based on the vibracores supports the concept of cross-shelf migration of the shore face-barrier island systems in response to rising sea level. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<52:TGECSS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pilkey, O.H., Blackwelder, B.W., Knebel, H., and Ayers, M., 1981, The Georgia Embayment continental shelf: stratigraphy of a submergence.: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 92, no. 1, p. 52-63, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<52:TGECSS>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"52","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268109,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<52:TGECSS>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba754e4b08c986b3214e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilkey, O. H.","contributorId":107406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilkey","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blackwelder, B. W.","contributorId":104136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwelder","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ayers, M.W.","contributorId":97772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9948,"text":"ofr82115 - 1981 - Geohydrologic reconnaissance of Lake Mead National Recreation Area: Las Vegas Wash to Opal Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-31T19:02:46.754821","indexId":"ofr82115","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-115","title":"Geohydrologic reconnaissance of Lake Mead National Recreation Area: Las Vegas Wash to Opal Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"The study is a geohydrologic reconnaissance of about 170 square miles in the Lake Mead National Recreation Area from Las Vegas Wash to Opal Mountain, Nevada. The study is one of a series that describes the geohydrology of the recreation area and that indentifies areas where water supplies can be developed. Precipitation in this arid area is about 5 inches per year. Streamflow is seasonal and extremely variable except for that in the Colorado River, which adjoins the area. Pan evaporation is more than 20 times greater than precipitation; therefore, regional ground-water supplies are meager except near the Colorado River, Lake Mead, and Lake Mohave. Large ground-water supplies can be developed near the river and lakes, and much smaller supplies may be obtained in a few favorable locations farther from the river and lakes. Ground water in most of the areas probably contains more than 1,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids, but water that contains less than 1,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids can be obtained within about 1 mile of the lakes. Crystalline rocks of metamorphic, intrusive and volcanic origin crop out in the area. These rocks are overlain by conglomerate and mudstone of the Muddy Creek Formation, gravel and conglomerate of the older alluvium, and sand and gravel of the Chemehuevi Formation and younger alluvium. The crystalline rocks, where sufficiently fractured, yield water to springs and would yield small amounts of water to favorably located wells. The poorly cemented and more permeable beds of the older alluvium, Chemehuevi Formation, and younger alluvium are the better potential aquifers, particularly along the Colorado River and Lakes Mead and Mohave. Thermal springs in the gorge of the Colorado River south of Hoover Dam discharge at least 2,580 acre-feet per year of water from the volcanic rocks and metamorphic and plutonic rocks. The discharge is much greater than could be infiltrated in the drainage basin above the springs. Transbasin movement of ground water probably occurs , and perhaps the larger part of the spring discharge is underflow from Eldorado Valley. The more favorable sites for ground-water development are along the shores of Lakes Mead and Mohave and are the Fire Mountain, Opal Mountain to Aztec Wash, and Hemenway Wash sites. Wells yielding several hundred gallons per minute of water of acceptable chemical quality can be developed at these sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr82115","usgsCitation":"Laney, R., 1981, Geohydrologic reconnaissance of Lake Mead National Recreation Area: Las Vegas Wash to Opal Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-115, Report: v, 23 p.; 1 Plate: 32.40 x 57.51 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82115.","productDescription":"Report: v, 23 p.; 1 Plate: 32.40 x 57.51 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420380,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13659.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":37723,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37722,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0115/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142377,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0115/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mead National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.6330,\n 36.167\n ],\n [\n -114.9167,\n 36.167\n ],\n [\n -114.9167,\n 35.55\n ],\n [\n -114.6330,\n 35.55\n ],\n [\n -114.6330,\n 36.167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c752","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laney, R. L.","contributorId":83889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laney","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012123,"text":"70012123 - 1981 - Annual and semiannual variations of the geomagnetic field at equatorial locations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T13:24:36","indexId":"70012123","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2188,"text":"Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual and semiannual variations of the geomagnetic field at equatorial locations","docAbstract":"For a year of quiet solar-activity level, geomagnetic records from American hemisphere observatories located between about 0?? and 30?? north geomagnetic latitude were used to compare the annual and semiannual variations of the geomagnetic field associated with three separate contributions: (a) the quiet-day midnight level, MDT; (b) the solar-quiet daily variation, Sq; (c) the quiet-time lunar semidiurnal tidal variation, L(12). Four Fourier spectral constituents (24, 12, 8, 6 h periods) of Sq were individually treated. All three orthogonal elements (H, D and Z) were included in the study. The MDT changes show a dominant semiannual variation having a range of about 7 gammas in H and a dominant annual variation in Z having a range of over 8 gammas. These changes seem to be a seasonal response to the nightside distortions by magnetospheric currents. There is a slow decrease in MDT amplitudes with increasing latitude. The Sq changes follow the patterns expected from an equatorial ionospheric dynamo electrojet current system. The dominant seasonal variations occur in H having a range of over 21 gammas for the 24 h period and over 12 gammas for the 12 h period spectral components. The higher-order components are relatively smaller in size. The Sq(H) amplitudes decrease rapidly with increasing latitude. Magnetospheric contributions to the equatorial Sq must be less than a few per cent of the observed magnitude. The L(12) variation shows the ionospheric electrojet features by the dominance of H and the rapid decrease in amplitude with latitude away from the equator. However, the seasonal variation range of over 7 gammas has a maximum in early February and minimum in late June that is not presently explainable by the known ionospheric conductivity and tidal behavior. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0021-9169(81)90123-9","issn":"00219169","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W., 1981, Annual and semiannual variations of the geomagnetic field at equatorial locations: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, v. 43, no. 5-6, p. 607-616, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(81)90123-9.","startPage":"607","endPage":"616","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268034,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(81)90123-9"},{"id":222182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec1ee4b0c8380cd490a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, W.H.","contributorId":30749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70139922,"text":"70139922 - 1981 - Use of remote sensing for monitoring deforestation in tropical and subtropical latitudes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:00:21","indexId":"70139922","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3863,"text":"Ciencia Interamericana","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of remote sensing for monitoring deforestation in tropical and subtropical latitudes","docAbstract":"Of the three types of remotely sensed data discussed here, Landsat data offers the greatest potential for monitoring broad changes in extensive tropical forest environments because of its low-cost, synoptic, repetitive coverage. Scientists from developing countries can choose from a variety of Landsat data classification techniques, thus enabling each country to satisfy limitations on available funding, trained personnel, and equipment.
\n\n
Factors limiting the application of Landsat data—including relatively low spatial resolution, persistent cloud cover in tropical regions, inadequate coverage of certain areas due to data-acquisition restraints and lack of local Landsat data receiving stations for real-time data recording—must be considered in any proposed study. Future improvements in Landsat capabilities might extend present applications beyond distinction of forest vs. non-forest cover, determination of gross vegetation or forest type, and generalized land use mapping.
","language":"English","publisher":"Organización de los Estados Americanos, Departamento de Asuntos Científicos y Tecnológicos","usgsCitation":"Talbot, J.J., and Pettinger, L.R., 1981, Use of remote sensing for monitoring deforestation in tropical and subtropical latitudes: Ciencia Interamericana, v. 21, no. 1-4, p. 63-71.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550aa1c1e4b02e76d7590c0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbot, J. J.","contributorId":21045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Talbot","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pettinger, Lawrence R.","contributorId":18274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettinger","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000393,"text":"1000393 - 1981 - Environmental and genetic contributions to morphological differentiation in ciscoes (Coregoninae) of the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T08:57:12","indexId":"1000393","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental and genetic contributions to morphological differentiation in ciscoes (Coregoninae) of the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Laboratory-produced progeny of Coregonus alpenae, C. zenithicus, C. hoyi, and C. kiyi and their wild parents were used to examine the contributions of genotype and environment to morphology. Morphological differences between parents and offspring were generally greater than those between species, indicating strong environmental effects. The phenotypic effects on most characters can probably be attributed to different developmental temperatures and perhaps to stresses in the hatchery not encountered in the Great Lakes. Genetic differences were inferred from morphological differences between offspring of different species raised under identical conditions. Genetic differences were demonstrated between C. hoyi and C. kiyi but not betweenC. alpenae and C. zenithicus which suggested that our samples of C. alpenae and C. zenithicusrepresented only a single species. The presence of unique stocks of coregonines in the Great Lakes, as well as of several species, suggests that management strategies should focus on both levels of diversity.Key words: Salmonidae, Coregoninae, Coregonus, morphology, Great Lakes, development, stocks
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f81-008","usgsCitation":"Todd, T.N., Smith, G.R., and Cable, L.E., 1981, Environmental and genetic contributions to morphological differentiation in ciscoes (Coregoninae) of the Great Lakes: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 38, no. 1, p. 59-67, https://doi.org/10.1139/f81-008.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Thomas N.","contributorId":42547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Gerald R.","contributorId":36496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cable, Louella E.","contributorId":99919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cable","given":"Louella","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012105,"text":"70012105 - 1981 - Manganese cycles and the origin of manganese nodules, Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T09:40:57","indexId":"70012105","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Manganese cycles and the origin of manganese nodules, Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Oneida Lake is a large shallow lake in central New York that is characterized by high algal productivity and concentrated deposits of freshwater manganese nodules. Budgets for Mn in the lake and its tributaries show a net loss of 23 metric tons of manganese within the lake per year with ???95% deposited in manganese nodules and the rest incorporated in the sediments. Erosion of nodules in the shallow well-oxygenated central part of the lake produces fragments of nodules as well as Mn-coated sand grains that are transported to adjacent deeper, more reducing parts of the lake where they sink into the anoxic sediments and MnO2 is reduced to Mn2+. This produces a high concentration of Mn2+ in the pore waters of these sediments and Mn2+ diffuses back into the water column. Growth of manganese nodules in Oneida Lake is characterized by periods of rapid accretion (> 1 mm 100 yr.) alternating with periods of no-growth or erosion. Rapid growth of nodules may be aided by the stripping of Mn from the water column by algae and bacteria. In addition, the high algal productivity of Oneida Lake produces a high-pH high-oxygen environment during the summer months that is maintained throughout the water column in the central part of the lake by almost continuous wind mixing. Thus, the cycle of Mn within the lake involves an interaction of the weather, the biota, the sediments, the nodules, and Mn dissolved in the lake and interstitial waters. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(81)90071-1","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Dean, W., Moore, W., and Nealson, K., 1981, Manganese cycles and the origin of manganese nodules, Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A.: Chemical Geology, v. 34, no. 1-2, p. 53-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(81)90071-1.","startPage":"53","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266124,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(81)90071-1"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4cabe4b0c8380cd69e02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, W.S.","contributorId":90875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nealson, K.H.","contributorId":38284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nealson","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000090,"text":"1000090 - 1981 - Historical evidence for discrete stocks of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T09:50:58","indexId":"1000090","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical evidence for discrete stocks of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Although few biological data exist on the now extinct native lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, of Lake Michigan, historical records and interviews with former commercial fishermen strongly suggest that this once widespread resource was composed of a number of discrete spawning populations or stocks. A natural division of the resource into distinct stocks is consistent with the size of Lake Michigan and its varied physiography. The native trout may have undergone subtle genetic changes over the millennia, although we cannot determine whether the physical and behavioral differences represented different genotypes or only temporary effects of the local environment. Because of physiographic similarities among the upper Great Lakes and probable interchanges of lake trout during the last glacial period, we recommend that progeny of extant wild stocks, particularly from Lake Superior, are genetically most suitable for recolonizing Lake Michigan. Moreover, the hatchery-held parents of such fish should be infused periodically with genes of the wild or feral donor populations. Despite the sound historical basis for these recommendations, we also recognize that sufficiently high stocking rates coupled with a reduction of heavy exploitation may be even more important than heritability in obtaining self-sustaining populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f81-223","usgsCitation":"Brown, E.H., Eck, G., Foster, N., Horrall, R., and Coberly, C., 1981, Historical evidence for discrete stocks of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Michigan: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 38, no. 12, p. 1747-1758, https://doi.org/10.1139/f81-223.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1747","endPage":"1758","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c729","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Edward H. Jr.","contributorId":33251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Edward","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eck, G.W.","contributorId":24740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eck","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, N.R.","contributorId":15135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horrall, R.M.","contributorId":80629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horrall","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coberly, C.E.","contributorId":30954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coberly","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000159,"text":"1000159 - 1981 - Sterilization of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) by immersion in an aqueous solution of bisazir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T10:38:00","indexId":"1000159","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sterilization of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) by immersion in an aqueous solution of bisazir","docAbstract":"Groups of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) eggs fertilized by males previously immersed in an aqueous solution of p,p-bis(1-aziridinyl)-N-methylphosphinothioic amide (bisazir) at concentrations of 10–100 mg/L produced fewer normal, live prolarvae after 15–17 d of incubation than did groups of eggs fertilized by normal males. Mortality of embryos or prolarvae was nearly 100% in groups of eggs fertilized by males that had been immersed in a 50 mg/L solution of bisazir for 4 h or in a 100 mg/L solution for 2 h. The immersion technique appears to be an efficient method of sterilizing large numbers of male sea lampreys for use in a proposed sterile-male-release program.Key words: sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus; pest control, fish control, sterile-male technique, sterilization, chemosterilants, bisazir, Great Lakes
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f81-172","usgsCitation":"Hanson, L.H., 1981, Sterilization of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) by immersion in an aqueous solution of bisazir: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 38, no. 10, p. 1285-1289, https://doi.org/10.1139/f81-172.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1285","endPage":"1289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4465","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Lee H.","contributorId":67833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":63678,"text":"gp948 - 1981 - Aeromagnetic map of east-central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T19:16:37.155332","indexId":"gp948","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"948","title":"Aeromagnetic map of east-central United States","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1287A","usgsCitation":"Berryhill, H.L., and Trippet, A., 1981, Map showing water circulation and rates of sedimentation in the Corpus Christi 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1287, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 56.58 x 26.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1287A.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 56.58 x 26.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420251,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9105.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":255196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1287a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":255195,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1287a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255194,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1287a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Corpus Christi 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.667,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -97.667,\n 27\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 27\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -97.667,\n 28\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640de0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berryhill, H. L. Jr.","contributorId":96356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berryhill","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trippet, A. R.","contributorId":105377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippet","given":"A. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174415,"text":"70174415 - 1981 - Variations in the correlation of body size with concentrations of Cu and Ag in the bivalve Macoma balthica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T14:32:08","indexId":"70174415","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in the correlation of body size with concentrations of Cu and Ag in the bivalve Macoma balthica","docAbstract":"The relationship between body size and concentrations of Cu and Ag varied from strongly positive to strongly negative in four populations of the bivalve Macoma balthica in San Francisco Bay. The correlations appeared to be influenced by the degree of enrichment in tissues, size-dependent differences and seasonal variations in growth rate, and size-dependent differences in uptake rates. The use of benthic indicator organisms to assess metal contamination requires understanding the relationship between metal concentration and body size at least within each population, and in some cases within each sample from each population.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f81-146","usgsCitation":"Strong, C.R., and Luoma, S.N., 1981, Variations in the correlation of body size with concentrations of Cu and Ag in the bivalve Macoma balthica: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 38, no. 9, p. 1059-1064, https://doi.org/10.1139/f81-146.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1059","endPage":"1064","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c347e4b0e02680be59fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strong, Carol R.","contributorId":172812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strong","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2002127,"text":"2002127 - 1981 - Historical evaluation and management recommendations for beavers at Lassen Volcanic National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2002127","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"CPSU/UCD 3","title":"Historical evaluation and management recommendations for beavers at Lassen Volcanic National Park","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"University of California-Davis, Institute of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., 1981, Historical evaluation and management recommendations for beavers at Lassen Volcanic National Park: Technical Report CPSU/UCD 3, iv, 27 p.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62ed52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015411,"text":"1015411 - 1981 - [Book review] Handbook of drugs and chemicals used in the treatment and control of fish diseases, by N. Herwig","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-19T17:16:26","indexId":"1015411","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Handbook of drugs and chemicals used in the treatment and control of fish diseases, by N. Herwig","docAbstract":"Review of: Handbook of drugs and chemicals used in the treatment and control of fish diseases. N. Herwig; 1979; Charles C. Thomas, Co., Springfield, Illinois.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Parasitology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Societ of Parasitologists","publisherLocation":"http://amsocparasit.org/","doi":"10.2307/3280791","collaboration":"None/FF","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, G.L., 1981, [Book review] Handbook of drugs and chemicals used in the treatment and control of fish diseases, by N. Herwig: Journal of Parasitology, v. 67, no. 1, p. 117-118, https://doi.org/10.2307/3280791.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262719,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3280791"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011932,"text":"70011932 - 1981 - Minor and trace element geochemistry of volcanic rocks dredged from the Galapagos spreading center: Role of crystal fractionation and mantle heterogeneity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:01:57.636035","indexId":"70011932","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Minor and trace element geochemistry of volcanic rocks dredged from the Galapagos spreading center: Role of crystal fractionation and mantle heterogeneity","docAbstract":"A wide range of rock types (abyssal tholeiite, Fe-Ti-rich basalt, andesite, and rhyodacite) were dredged from near 95°W and 85°W on the Galapagos spreading center. Computer modeling of major element compositions has shown that these rocks could be derived from common parental magmas by successive degrees of fractional crystallization. However, the P2O5/K2O ratio averages 0.83 at 95°W and 1.66 at 85°W and implies distinct mantle source compositions for the two areas. These source regions also have different rare earth element (REE) abundance patterns, with [La/Sm]EF = 0.67 at 95°W and 0.46 at 85°W. The sequence of fractionated lavas differs for the two areas and indicates earlier fractionation of apatite and titanomagnetite in the lavas from 95°W. The mantle source regions for these two areas are interpreted to be depleted in incompatible (and volatile?) elements, although the source region beneath 95°W is less severely depleted in La and K. Incompatible trace element abundances in 26 samples are used to infer that the range of Fe-Ti-rich basalt from 85°W represents 19 to 35% residual liquid following crystal fractionation of a mineral assemblage of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and lesser olivine. The most highly differentiated samples have also had less than 1% titanomagnetite removed. Most samples from 85°W can be related to a common parental magma that contained approximately 9 wt % FeO*, 1 wt % TiO2, and had an Mg number (Mg# = 100 Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)) of about 65. Although the samples from 95°W cannot all be derived from a common parental magma, the inferred parental magmas may have been derived by varying degrees of partial melting of a common source. The fractionation sequence consists of two parts: an initial iron enrichment trend followed by a silica enrichment trend. We interpret the trace element data to indicate that the most iron rich lavas represent about 32% residual liquid derived by crystal fractionation of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and lesser olivine from a parental magma with an Mg number of about 66. The silica enrichment trend results from crystallization of titanomagnetite and some apatite. Fractionation of pigeonite, which is a minor phase in the major element models, cannot be distinguished from clinopyroxene fractionation by using trace elements.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB10p09469","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Clague, D., Frey, F., Thompson, G., and Rindge, S., 1981, Minor and trace element geochemistry of volcanic rocks dredged from the Galapagos spreading center: Role of crystal fractionation and mantle heterogeneity: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B10, p. 9469-9482, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB10p09469.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"9469","endPage":"9482","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b1fe4b0c8380cd6f340","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frey, F.A.","contributorId":12618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, G.","contributorId":55958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rindge, S.","contributorId":55959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rindge","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3398,"text":"cir836D - 1981 - Earthquakes in the United States, October-December 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T20:32:39.863172","indexId":"cir836D","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"836","chapter":"D","title":"Earthquakes in the United States, October-December 1979","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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This method uses a direct-current arc source, carbon instead of graphite electrodes, and an 80% argon-20% oxygen atmosphere instead of air. Although this is a destructive method, an analysis can be made for 68 elements in all mineral and geochemical samples. Carbon electrodes have been an aid in improving the detection limits of many elements. The carbon has a greater resistance to heat conductance and develops a better tip, facilitating sample volatilization and counter balancing the cooling effect of a flow of the argon-oxygen mixture around the anode. Where such an argon-oxygen atmosphere is used instead of air, the cyanogen band lines are greatly diminished in intensity, and thus more spectral lines of analysis elements are available for use; the spectral background is also lower. The main advantage of using the carbon electrode and the 80% argon-20% oxygen atmosphere is the improved detection limits of 36 out of 68 elements. The detection limits remain the same for 23 elements, and are not as good for only nine elements. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(81)90152-2","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Rait, N., 1981, Multiple-element semiquantitative analysis of one-milligram geochemical samples by D.C. arc emission spectrography: Chemical Geology, v. 32, no. 1-4, p. 317-333, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(81)90152-2.","startPage":"317","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266125,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(81)90152-2"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6089e4b0c8380cd71514","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rait, N.","contributorId":95521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rait","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012095,"text":"70012095 - 1981 - A transient laboratory method for determining the hydraulic properties of 'tight' rocks-I. Theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T19:57:17","indexId":"70012095","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A transient laboratory method for determining the hydraulic properties of 'tight' rocks-I. Theory","docAbstract":"Transient pulse testing has been employed increasingly in the laboratory to measure the hydraulic properties of rock samples with low permeability. Several investigators have proposed a mathematical model in terms of an initial-boundary value problem to describe fluid flow in a transient pulse test. However, the solution of this problem has not been available. In analyzing data from the transient pulse test, previous investigators have either employed analytical solutions that are derived with the use of additional, restrictive assumptions, or have resorted to numerical methods. In Part I of this paper, a general, analytical solution for the transient pulse test is presented. This solution is graphically illustrated by plots of dimensionless variables for several cases of interest. The solution is shown to contain, as limiting cases, the more restrictive analytical solutions that the previous investigators have derived. A method of computing both the permeability and specific storage of the test sample from experimental data will be presented in Part II.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(81)90979-7","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Hsieh, P.A., Tracy, J., Neuzil, C., Bredehoeft, J., and Silliman, S.E., 1981, A transient laboratory method for determining the hydraulic properties of 'tight' rocks-I. Theory: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 18, no. 3, p. 245-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(81)90979-7.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265947,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(81)90979-7"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e604e4b0c8380cd470d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsieh, P. A.","contributorId":40596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tracy, J.V.","contributorId":56647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silliman, Stephen E.","contributorId":72130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silliman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70011714,"text":"70011714 - 1981 - An examination of techniques for reformatting digital cartographic data. Part 2: The vector-to raster process.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-01T16:49:52.847715","indexId":"70011714","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1189,"text":"Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An examination of techniques for reformatting digital cartographic data. Part 2: The vector-to raster process.","docAbstract":"Current graphic devices suitable for high-speed computer input and output of cartographic data are tending more and more to be raster-oriented, such as the rotating drum scanner and the color raster display. However, the majority of commonly used manipulative techniques in computer-assisted cartography and automated spatial data handling continue to require that the data be in vector format. The current article is the second part of a two-part paper that examines the state of the art in these conversion techniques. - from Author","language":"English","publisher":"University of Toronto Press","doi":"10.3138/K632-661R-K76J-1R80","issn":"03177173","usgsCitation":"Peuquet, D.J., 1981, An examination of techniques for reformatting digital cartographic data. Part 2: The vector-to raster process.: Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization, v. 18, no. 3, p. 21-33, https://doi.org/10.3138/K632-661R-K76J-1R80.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea5ee4b0c8380cd487fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peuquet, Donna J.","contributorId":89900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peuquet","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012106,"text":"70012106 - 1981 - Ne matrix spectra of the sym-C6Br3F3+ radical cation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T21:20:50","indexId":"70012106","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1215,"text":"Chemical Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ne matrix spectra of the sym-C6Br3F3+ radical cation","docAbstract":"The electronic absorption and laser excited, wavelength resolved fluorescence spectra of the title cation have been observed in solid Ne matrix and vibrationally analysed. The vibrational structure of the excited B2A2??? state shows close similarity to the parent compound. The X2E??? ground state structure is strongly perturbed and irregular owing to a large Jahn-Teller distortion. The data are analysed in terms of a recently developed, sophisticated multimode Jahn-Teller theoretical model. We have generated the sym-C6Br3F3+ cations in solid Ne matrix and obtained their wavelength resolved emission and absorption spectra. T ground electronic X2E??? state exhibits an irregular and strongly perturbed vibrational structure, which can be successfully modeled using sophisticated multimode Jahn-Teller theory. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-0104(81)85043-4","issn":"03010104","usgsCitation":"Bondybey, V., Sears, T., Miller, T., Vaughn, C., English, J., and Shiley, R., 1981, Ne matrix spectra of the sym-C6Br3F3+ radical cation: Chemical Physics, v. 61, no. 1-2, p. 9-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(81)85043-4.","startPage":"9","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269232,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(81)85043-4"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63c7e4b0c8380cd726b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bondybey, V.E.","contributorId":74879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bondybey","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sears, T.J.","contributorId":51912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sears","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, T.A.","contributorId":49926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaughn, C.","contributorId":23689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"English, J.H.","contributorId":28746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"English","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shiley, R.S.","contributorId":37899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiley","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70012146,"text":"70012146 - 1981 - Geologic controls of uranium mineralization in the Tallahassee Creek uranium district, Fremont County, Colorado.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012146","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic controls of uranium mineralization in the Tallahassee Creek uranium district, Fremont County, Colorado.","docAbstract":"Two important orebodies have been defined by drilling in the Tallahassee Creek uranium district, Fremont County, Colorado, namely the Hansen and the Picnic Tree. Host rocks are respectively the upper Eocene Echo park Alluvium, and the lower Oligocene Tallahassee Creek Conglomerate. Average ore grade is about 0.08% U3O8. The principal source rock is the lower Oligocene Wall Mountain Tuff. Leaching and transportation of the uranium occurred in alkaline oxidizing ground water that developed during alteration of the ash in a semi-arid environment. The uranium was transported in the groundwater and deposited in a reducing environment controlled by carbonaceous material and associated pyrite. Localization of the ore was controlled by groundwater flow conditions and by the distribution of organic matter in the host rock. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, K.A., 1981, Geologic controls of uranium mineralization in the Tallahassee Creek uranium district, Fremont County, Colorado.: Mountain Geologist, v. 18, no. 4, p. 88-95.","startPage":"88","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1942e4b0c8380cd5591f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, K. A.","contributorId":77528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011725,"text":"70011725 - 1981 - Preliminary paleomagnetic poles and correlation of the Proterozoic Uinta Mountain Group, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T23:37:31.189423","indexId":"70011725","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary paleomagnetic poles and correlation of the Proterozoic Uinta Mountain Group, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"Stable paleomagnetic directions have been obtained from seven sites spanning much of the 7-km-thick middle Proterozoic Uinta Mountain Group. The characteristic magnetization is carried partly by detrital(?) and secondary specularite and partly by hematite pigment. Preliminary paleomagnetic poles for six of the seven sites are closely grouped and their mean pole is 0.6°N, 157.2°E (N = 6, α95 = 5.4°). The pole for the seventh and stratigraphically highest site lies to the west, 4.6°N, 140.1°E, and (n = 8, α95= 15.9°). On the basis of the poles, revisions to correlations of the Uinta Mountain Group with other sequences are proposed. The Uinta Mountain Group appears to correlate with the Chuar Group and perhaps the upper member of the underlying Nankoweap Formation, and post-dates the Unkar Group of the Grand Canyon Supergroup. In addition, the upper part of the Uinta Mountain Group appears to correlate with the Little Dal Group of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The Uinta Mountain Group appears to entirely post-date the Belt Supergroup of Montana and Idaho. Correlation of the Uinta Mountain Group with the Chuar and Little Dal Groups is supported by the presence of the fossil Chuaria and by apparently overlapping isotopic ages. A maximum age range for the Uinta Mountain Group, extrapolated from the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Little Dal Group, extends from <1100 to > 770 m.y.
Metamorphosed Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the east-central Sierra Nevada range in composition from basalt to rhyolite and have ages, based on whole rock Rb-Sr and U-Pb zircon dating, of about 237–224, 185, 163, 134, and 100 m.y. The major plutons of the batholith in this area are of Triassic (215–200 m.y.) and Cretaceous (94–80 m.y.) ages. Initial 87Sr/86Sr values for the metamorphosed volcanic rocks of the area are in the range from 0.7042 to 0.7058 and are generally different from the values for the surrounding batholithic rocks (0.7056–0.7066). A circular, zoned granitic pluton, with an outcrop area of 2.5 km2, similar in appearance to a ring dike complex, was apparently a conduit for some or possibly all of the middle-Cretaceous metamorphosed volcanic rocks exposed about 5 km to the south in the western part of the Ritter Range. Samples from the metamorphosed volcanic rocks and the pluton yield a Rb-Sr whole rock isochron age of 99.9 ± 2.2 m.y. with an initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7048 ± 0.0001. Major element variation diagrams of the pluton and volcanic rocks define coincident compositional trends. The pluton, intruded into Early Jurassic metamorphosed volcanic rocks (Rb-Sr whole rock isochron age of 185 ± 6 m.y., initial 87/86Sr = 0.70474 ± 0.00009), is composed of a central body of granite that is intruded into and almost completely surrounded by a crescent-shaped outer rim of quartz monzodiorite. Contact relations between the granitic rocks, intrusive in some places and completely gradational at other places, indicate that the quartz monzodiorite was not completely crystallized prior to the intrusion of the granite. Modal minerology within the pluton is also consistent with this inferred crystallization history. The granitic rock textures are cataclastic, characterized by a groundmass of feldspar and quartz that surrounds larger grains of feldspar, hornblende, and biotite. Widely spaced aplite dikes from the granite intrude the quartz monzodiorite along the contact between the granitic rocks. The aplite dikes and interstitial alkali feldspar associated with myrmekite in the pluton, being undeformed, indicate crystallization of a small amount of silicate liquid after cataclasis. Aplite compositions suggest a minimum crystallization pressure of 0.5 kb (1–2 km); this depth is consistent with crystallization near the base of a large stratovolcano. The pluton is characterized by steep, linear features, defined by mineral clots and inclusions, that probably formed during the upward movement of the nearly crystallized magma in the volcanic conduit. The ages of volcanic events relative to the ages of the major intrusive epochs and the major element and isotopic compositions of the volcanic rocks relative to the major plutons indicate that the volcanic rocks are not simply or directly related to the major plutons in the Sierra Nevada.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB11p10489","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R.W., and Swanson, S., 1981, Petrology and geochronology of metamorphosed volcanic rocks and a middle Cretaceous volcanic neck in the east-central Sierra Nevada, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B11, p. 10489-10501, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB11p10489.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"10489","endPage":"10501","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221611,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7820e4b0c8380cd78641","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, S.E.","contributorId":84505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003877,"text":"1003877 - 1981 - Whooping crane preyed upon by golden eagle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T13:26:56.751251","indexId":"1003877","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whooping crane preyed upon by golden eagle","docAbstract":"The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is the largest predatory bird in North America and is well known for its predatory abilities. Attacks have been reported on mammals such as whitetail jackrabbits (Lepus townsendi) (McGahan 1967, J. Wildl. Mgmt. 31: 496), pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) (Bruhns 1970, Can. Field-Natur. 84: 301), Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) (Kelleher and O'Malia 1971, Auk 88: 186), and Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) (Carnie 1954, Condor 56: 3). This communication describes an attack on an immature Whooping Crane (Grus americana) by a Golden Eagle and the subsequent necropsy findings.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Windingstad, R.M., Stiles, H.E., and Drewien, R.C., 1981, Whooping crane preyed upon by golden eagle: The Auk, v. 98, no. 2, p. 393-394.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"394","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15343,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4086082"},{"id":129571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Rangely","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.78173909139542,\n 40.089559319566376\n ],\n [\n -108.78173909139542,\n 39.93782983761244\n ],\n [\n -108.46724161095115,\n 39.93782983761244\n ],\n [\n -108.46724161095115,\n 40.089559319566376\n ],\n [\n -108.78173909139542,\n 40.089559319566376\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4865","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Windingstad, Ronald M.","contributorId":46046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windingstad","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stiles, Harry E.","contributorId":105666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stiles","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":314540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drewien, Roderick C.","contributorId":195989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drewien","given":"Roderick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}