A conventional 35-mm camera equipped with an f2.8 135-mm lens and ASA 64 color film was used to acquire sex ratio data on mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) wintering in the Platte River Valley of south-central Nebraska. Prelight focusing for a distance of 30.5 metres and setting of shutter speed at 1/2000 of a second eliminated focusing and reduced image motion problems and resulted in high-resolution, large-scale aerial photography of small targets. This technique has broad application to the problem of determining sex ratios of various species of waterfowl concentrated on wintering and staging areas. The aerial photographic method was cheaper than the ground ocular method when costs were compared on a per-100 bird basis.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Ferguson, E.L., Jorde, D., and Sease, J.L., 1981, Use of 35-mm color aerial photography to acquire mallard sex ratio data: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 47, no. 6, p. 823-827.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"823","endPage":"827","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337020,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/1981_jun_823-827"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.40777587890625,\n 41.272129916452585\n ],\n [\n -96.27937316894531,\n 41.272129916452585\n ],\n [\n -96.27937316894531,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -96.40777587890625,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -96.40777587890625,\n 41.272129916452585\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605239","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferguson, Edgar L.","contributorId":77210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Edgar","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorde, Dennis G. djorde@usgs.gov","contributorId":12804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorde","given":"Dennis G.","email":"djorde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sease, John L.","contributorId":61009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sease","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001414,"text":"1001414 - 1981 - Characteristics of central North Dakota wetlands determined from sample aerial photographs and ground study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:32:39","indexId":"1001414","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of central North Dakota wetlands determined from sample aerial photographs and ground study","docAbstract":"Wetland characteristics were assessed from a systematic sample of 66 plots, 3.22 km2 each, drawn from a 10,041-km2 study area in central North Dakota. Each plot was visited once and 8 sets of aerial photographs were obtained in 3 years. Density of wetland basins was 11.00 ha/km2, and area averaged 9.7 ha/km2. Seasonal and temporary wetlands were most abundant; semipermanent wetlands occupied the greatest area. Basin size was positively correlated with water permanence. Discriminant function analysis based on size and an index to wetness derived from photographs misclassified 33% of the wetland basins. Forty percent of the wetlands were tilled. Photography of sample plots is potentially useful for determining number of basins and wetland area, but precise classification of plant communities in this region would require ground study.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., Gilmer, D., and Mechlin, L., 1981, Characteristics of central North Dakota wetlands determined from sample aerial photographs and ground study: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 9, no. 4, p. 280-288.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"280","endPage":"288","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.656494140625,\n 46.32417161725691\n ],\n [\n -99.06372070312499,\n 46.32417161725691\n ],\n [\n -99.06372070312499,\n 47.37603463349758\n ],\n [\n -101.656494140625,\n 47.37603463349758\n ],\n [\n -101.656494140625,\n 46.32417161725691\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4f00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmer, D.S.","contributorId":22270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mechlin, L.M.","contributorId":88299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mechlin","given":"L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003343,"text":"1003343 - 1981 - Culture of the glass shrimp","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T15:11:26.473787","indexId":"1003343","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Culture of the glass shrimp","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1981)43[25:COTGS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Chew, L.E., 1981, Culture of the glass shrimp: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 43, no. 1, p. 25-26, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)43[25:COTGS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129073,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chew, L. E.","contributorId":83060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000236,"text":"1000236 - 1981 - Loss of nitrogenous dissolved organic matter from small lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T10:00:29","indexId":"1000236","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss of nitrogenous dissolved organic matter from small lakes","docAbstract":"To determine how much organic nitrogen is lost from lakes during winter by natural processes, we collected water in fall and winter from six small lakes (area, 5-822 hectares) and separated organic matter dissolved in the water with n-butanol into three fractions--yellow organic acids, a white precipitate, and aqueous (nonextractable) organic matter. The nitrogen content of each fraction was measured by ultraviolet photolysis. About 25-30% of the yellow acid and white precipitate fractions were lost from the water column in each of the lakes during winter. More than 80% of the organic nitrogen dissolved in the lake water samples was found in the aqueous fraction. We believe the white precipitate is part of the humin material in lake waters because it was relatively insoluble in acidic and alkaline solutions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1981.9664031","usgsCitation":"Manny, B.A., and Otsuki, A., 1981, Loss of nitrogenous dissolved organic matter from small lakes: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 1, no. 2, p. 193-202, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1981.9664031.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"202","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640d2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otsuki, Akira","contributorId":57026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otsuki","given":"Akira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000159,"text":"1000159 - 1981 - Sterilization of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) by immersion in an aqueous solution of bisazir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T10:38:00","indexId":"1000159","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sterilization of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) by immersion in an aqueous solution of bisazir","docAbstract":"Groups of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) eggs fertilized by males previously immersed in an aqueous solution of p,p-bis(1-aziridinyl)-N-methylphosphinothioic amide (bisazir) at concentrations of 10–100 mg/L produced fewer normal, live prolarvae after 15–17 d of incubation than did groups of eggs fertilized by normal males. Mortality of embryos or prolarvae was nearly 100% in groups of eggs fertilized by males that had been immersed in a 50 mg/L solution of bisazir for 4 h or in a 100 mg/L solution for 2 h. The immersion technique appears to be an efficient method of sterilizing large numbers of male sea lampreys for use in a proposed sterile-male-release program.Key words: sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus; pest control, fish control, sterile-male technique, sterilization, chemosterilants, bisazir, Great Lakes
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f81-172","usgsCitation":"Hanson, L.H., 1981, Sterilization of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) by immersion in an aqueous solution of bisazir: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 38, no. 10, p. 1285-1289, https://doi.org/10.1139/f81-172.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1285","endPage":"1289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4465","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Lee H.","contributorId":67833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000194,"text":"1000194 - 1981 - Influence of PCBs in water on uptake and elimination of DDT and DDE by lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T10:21:05","indexId":"1000194","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of PCBs in water on uptake and elimination of DDT and DDE by lake trout","docAbstract":"Researchers predicted that several hundred years would be required before DDT (1,1,1 trichloro-2,2-bis [P-chlorophyl] ethane) and its metabolites were likely to decrease to nondetectable levels in Lake Michigan. But following the ban on DDT in 1970, residues of total DDT in Lake Michigan lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) declined rapidly from 10.5µg/g in 1970 to 5.7 µg/g in 1976. During this period, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were being detected in lake trout tissues at about 20 µg/g. It was hypothesized that the high level of PCBs being accumulated by fish may have influenced uptake and elimination of DDT and DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis [p-chlorophenyl] ethylene) by fish. To test this hyphophesis, fingeriing lake trout were exposed to various combinations of DDT, DDE (100 ng/liter), and PCBs (100 and 500 ng/liter) in water for 12 weeks. After DDT and DDe exposures were completed, exposure to PCBs was continued for an additional 16 weeks to measure any effect PCBs may have on the elimination of DDT and DDE by fish. Accumulation and elimination rates of DDT and DDE were compared. It was found that PCBs did not influence the accumulation or elimination rates of DDT or DDE in lake trout and therefore should not have had a major influence on the decline of DDT in lake trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies","doi":"10.2134/jeq1981.00472425001000030013x","usgsCitation":"Hesselberg, R.J., and Nicholson, L.W., 1981, Influence of PCBs in water on uptake and elimination of DDT and DDE by lake trout: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 10, no. 3, p. 315-318, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1981.00472425001000030013x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"318","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7745","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hesselberg, Robert J.","contributorId":36074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholson, Lawrence W.","contributorId":79066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003340,"text":"1003340 - 1981 - Mutagenicity of isomeric β, γ-unsaturated n-nitrosamines derived from terpene alkanolamines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T13:54:36.265516","indexId":"1003340","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1553,"text":"Environmental Mutagenesis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mutagenicity of isomeric β, γ-unsaturated n-nitrosamines derived from terpene alkanolamines","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/em.2860030510","usgsCitation":"Abidi, S.L., and Finch, R.A., 1981, Mutagenicity of isomeric β, γ-unsaturated n-nitrosamines derived from terpene alkanolamines: Environmental Mutagenesis, v. 3, no. 5, p. 587-591, https://doi.org/10.1002/em.2860030510.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"591","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698a75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abidi, S. L.","contributorId":19898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abidi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finch, R. A.","contributorId":91050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000090,"text":"1000090 - 1981 - Historical evidence for discrete stocks of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T09:50:58","indexId":"1000090","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical evidence for discrete stocks of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Although few biological data exist on the now extinct native lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, of Lake Michigan, historical records and interviews with former commercial fishermen strongly suggest that this once widespread resource was composed of a number of discrete spawning populations or stocks. A natural division of the resource into distinct stocks is consistent with the size of Lake Michigan and its varied physiography. The native trout may have undergone subtle genetic changes over the millennia, although we cannot determine whether the physical and behavioral differences represented different genotypes or only temporary effects of the local environment. Because of physiographic similarities among the upper Great Lakes and probable interchanges of lake trout during the last glacial period, we recommend that progeny of extant wild stocks, particularly from Lake Superior, are genetically most suitable for recolonizing Lake Michigan. Moreover, the hatchery-held parents of such fish should be infused periodically with genes of the wild or feral donor populations. Despite the sound historical basis for these recommendations, we also recognize that sufficiently high stocking rates coupled with a reduction of heavy exploitation may be even more important than heritability in obtaining self-sustaining populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f81-223","usgsCitation":"Brown, E.H., Eck, G., Foster, N., Horrall, R., and Coberly, C., 1981, Historical evidence for discrete stocks of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Michigan: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 38, no. 12, p. 1747-1758, https://doi.org/10.1139/f81-223.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1747","endPage":"1758","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c729","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Edward H. Jr.","contributorId":33251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Edward","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eck, G.W.","contributorId":24740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eck","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, N.R.","contributorId":15135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horrall, R.M.","contributorId":80629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horrall","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coberly, C.E.","contributorId":30954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coberly","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1003339,"text":"1003339 - 1981 - Speciation of aryloxyethoxyethyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium salts by glass capillary gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T19:12:26.568519","indexId":"1003339","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2213,"text":"Journal of Chromatography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation of aryloxyethoxyethyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium salts by glass capillary gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography","docAbstract":"Using glass capillary gas chromatography (GC) and ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a pair of structurally similar microbicides, benzyl diisobutylphenoxyethoxyethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and its cresoxy-analogue, were effectively resolved and accurately quantified with a high degree of selectivity and specificity. Optimization of conditions in the chromatographic systems to attain desirable baseline separations of the components of interest is described. The minimum detectable quantities as determined are in the neighborhood of 10 ng for the quaternary ammonium salts by HPLC-UV detection, 0.1 ng for the cyanamide derivatives of the salts by GC-alkaline flame-ionization detection and 1–2 pg for the trichloroethyl carbamate derivatives of the salts by GC-electron-capture detection. In conjunction with cation-exchange chromatography for sample enrichment and purification, the glass capillary GC and ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC methods presented here are particularly suitable to separate and simultaneously analyze for the aryloxyethoxyethyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium compounds concerned in environmental samples. It appears that these chromatographic techniques possess potential applicability to the separation and quantification of other classes of quaternary ammonium compounds with closely related structures that are not separable by other methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0021-9673(00)80497-5","usgsCitation":"Abidi, S.L., 1981, Speciation of aryloxyethoxyethyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium salts by glass capillary gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography: Journal of Chromatography, v. 213, no. 3, p. 463-474, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)80497-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129376,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"213","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e64ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abidi, S. L.","contributorId":19898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abidi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012147,"text":"70012147 - 1981 - Determination of sub-microgram amounts of selenium in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry with electrothermal atomisation after solvent extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T15:42:45.58689","indexId":"70012147","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3541,"text":"The Analyst","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of sub-microgram amounts of selenium in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry with electrothermal atomisation after solvent extraction","docAbstract":"An atomic-absorption spectrophotometric method with electrothermal atomisation has been developed for the determination of selenium in geological materials. The sample is decomposed with a mixture of nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acids and heated with hydrochloric acid to reduce selenium to selenium(IV). Selenium is then extracted into toluene from a hydrochloric acid-hydrobromic acid medium containing iron. A few micro-litres of the toluene extract are injected into a carbon rod atomiser, using a nickel solution as a matrix modifier. The limits of determination are 0.2–200 p.p.m. of selenium in a geological sample. For concentrations between 0.05 and 0.2 p.p.m., back-extraction of the selenium into dilute hydrochloric acid is employed before atomisation.
Selenium values for reference samples obtained by replicate analysis are in general agreement with those reported by other workers, with relative standard deviations ranging from 4.1 to 8.8%. Recoveries of selenium spiked at two levels were 98–108%. Major and trace elements commonly encountered in geological materials do not interfere. Arsenic has a suppressing effect on the selenium signals, but only when its concentration is greater than 1 000 p.p.m. Nitric acid interferes seriously with the extraction of selenium and must be removed by evaporation in the sample-digestion step.
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L.","contributorId":49295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bills, T.D.","contributorId":6393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rach, J.J.","contributorId":73948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rach","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195288,"text":"70195288 - 1981 - Toxicity of six bird control chemicals to aquatic organisms ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T13:37:40","indexId":"70195288","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of six bird control chemicals to aquatic organisms ","docAbstract":"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) has supported research on control methods for nuisance birds, mammals, plants, and fish. Although chemical agents have shown great promise, resource managers and regulatory agencies must be assured that these materials are safe to man and the environment. Standardized toxicity tests are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of candidate compounds on target organisms and their safety to nontarget organisms (LENNON 1967).
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01622160","usgsCitation":"Marking, L.L., and Chandler, J.H., 1981, Toxicity of six bird control chemicals to aquatic organisms : Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 705-716, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01622160.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"716","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7c1e7de4b00f54eb229364","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":727753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chandler, J. H. Jr.","contributorId":74333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":727754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195717,"text":"70195717 - 1981 - Food of the Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli, and northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, off California and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T20:05:04.110882","indexId":"70195717","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Food of the Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli, and northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, off California and Washington","title":"Food of the Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli, and northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, off California and Washington","docAbstract":"Our knowledge of the feeding habits of the Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, and the Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli, is based on examination of the stomach contents of stranded animals, animals accidentally taken in commercial fishing gear, those taken in the western Pacific commercial fishery, and animals that died during capture attempts. Of these only a few were normally feeding animals taken at sea, whose stomach contents were thoroughly examined. Fished and squids previously identified from stomachs of dolphins and porpoises by various investigators are listed in Table 1.
This paper documents the stomach contents of 44 Pacific white-sided dolphin and 9 Dall's porpoise collected at sea off California and Washington. All animals were collected by the authors during pelagic fur seal studies with the exception of three dolphins which were collected by a staff biologist during whale research voyages off California. Comparisons of stomach contents are made between the Pacific white-sided dolphins, Dall's porpoise, and northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, collected near the same locations and usually on the same day. Mention of the dolphin, porpoise , and seal in this paper refers to the above-named species unless noted otherwise.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Stroud, R.K., Fiscus, C.H., and Kajimura, H., 1981, Food of the Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli, and northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, off California and Washington: Fishery Bulletin, v. 78, no. 4, p. 951-959.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"951","endPage":"959","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352096,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/spo/FishBull/78-4/784toc.html"},{"id":352098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352097,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/spo/FishBull/78-4/stroud.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, 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after 6 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T15:16:41","indexId":"70195711","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An overview of the National Wildlife Health Laboratory after 6 years","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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Chlorine was found together with Si, Mg, Ca and Fe in the serpentine minerals of the Dumont and Hokkaido dunites but not in the Ehime dunite. Chlorine is found associated only with the most finely crystalline facies of the serpentine (grain size less than 10 nm). The Ehime dunite contained no such fine grained serpentine, and was thus effectively chlorine-free, as are the coarser grained serpentines of the other samples. The finegrained chlorine-bearing serpentine also has a much higher concentration of Fe, and can contain smaller amounts of Ca, Ni and Mn than the coarse-grained variety as well as minute awaruite (FeNi3) grains. This fine-grained serpentine probably represents an early stage in the transformation of olivine to serpentine, with chlorine from hydrothermal solutions assisting the necessary chemical changes. The Cl increases the reaction rate by lowering the activation barrier to reaction by the introduction of reaction steps. ?? 1981 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00373679","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Miura, Y., Rucklidge, J., and Nord, G.L., 1981, The occurrence of chlorine in serpentine minerals: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 76, no. 1, p. 17-23, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373679.","startPage":"17","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205077,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373679"},{"id":220942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae3de4b08c986b323f6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miura, Y.","contributorId":28363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miura","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rucklidge, J.","contributorId":54342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rucklidge","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nord, Gordon L. 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","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Reeves, R., Maclay, R., Grimm, K.C., and Davis, M., 1981, Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1934-79: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 39, 133 p.","productDescription":"133 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327773,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6aeefe4b0f2f0cebe4604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, R.D.","contributorId":95043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maclay, R.W.","contributorId":72804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maclay","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grimm, K. C.","contributorId":173997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimm","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, M.F.","contributorId":79400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}