The development of harvest regulations for fish or wildlife is a complex decision that needs to weigh multiple objectives, consider a set of alternative regulatory options, integrate scientific understanding about the population dynamics of the harvested species as well as the human response to regulations, account for uncertainty, and provide an avenue for feedback from monitoring programs. The author describes how the field of decision analysis provides a framework for structuring such decisions and tools for navigating the components. At the center of any harvest management endeavor is a set of objectives that may include providing harvest opportunity, conserving the harvested population long into the future, and satisfying hunters, anglers, or trappers; tools from multi-criteria decision analysis are useful in finding the right balance among competing objectives. The population dynamics of harvested populations are often stochastic; tools from risk analysis and dynamic optimization can be used to find state-dependent policies that manage variation. Finally, harvest regulations are often set in the face of uncertainty; value-of-information methods can be used to evaluate the importance of that uncertainty, and adaptive management methods can be used to reduce it.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Harvest of fish and wildlife: New paradigms for sustainable management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/9781003009054","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., 2021, A decision-analytical framework for developing harvest regulations, chap. 7 of Harvest of fish and wildlife: New paradigms for sustainable management, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003009054.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123515","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819202,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Larkin A.","contributorId":15100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Larkin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819203,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70228555,"text":"70228555 - 2021 - Engaging hunters in selecting duck season dates using decision science: Problem framing, objective setting, devising management alternatives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T17:11:01.067481","indexId":"70228555","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-07T11:07:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Engaging hunters in selecting duck season dates using decision science: Problem framing, objective setting, devising management alternatives","docAbstract":"Waterfowl hunters have an important economic impact on local, state, and national economies, and are important stakeholders in decisions regarding waterfowl harvest season dates. Individual states are responsible for annually setting duck season dates that conform to the migratory game bird season frameworks as set by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The federal framework specifies season length and bag limits (i.e., number of birds allowed to be harvested in a day), and states have the authority to select specific season dates within the federal guidelines. The state agency decision is largely centered on social objectives related to hunter satisfaction because the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service incorporates biological objectives when establishing the federal framework to ensure sustainable waterfowl populations. This chapter describes the problem formulation, objectives, and alternatives steps of a decision analysis process used in New York. The authors demonstrate a process that allows for engagement by waterfowl hunters and incorporation of multiple stakeholder objectives, which can be used to evaluate tradeoffs to help guide decision making regarding selection of duck season dates. Engaging duck hunters through a task force and hunter survey provided opportunity for the regulated community to help shape season dates that quantitatively considered duck hunter satisfaction.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Harvest of fish and wildlife: New paradigms for sustainable management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","collaboration":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Fuller, A.K., Stiller, J.C., Siemer, W., and Perkins, K., 2021, Engaging hunters in selecting duck season dates using decision science: Problem framing, objective setting, devising management alternatives, chap. 8 of Harvest of fish and wildlife: New paradigms for sustainable management, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117424","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, Angela K. 0000-0002-9247-7468 afuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7468","contributorId":3984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Angela","email":"afuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stiller, Joshua C.","contributorId":276124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stiller","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":56930,"text":"New York DEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siemer, William F.","contributorId":276125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siemer","given":"William F.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perkins, Kelly A.","contributorId":276126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kelly A.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228558,"text":"70228558 - 2021 - Using structured decision making to incorporate ecological and social values into harvest decisions: Case studies of white-tailed deer and walleye","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T16:30:15.25773","indexId":"70228558","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-07T10:27:48","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Using structured decision making to incorporate ecological and social values into harvest decisions: Case studies of white-tailed deer and walleye","docAbstract":"Harvest decisions for fish and wildlife populations often include conflicting ecological, economic, and social values. Using decision analysis, such as structured decision making and adaptive management, as a framework to aid decision makers in multi-objective decision making for setting harvest regulations can lead to a more transparent and resilient decision. The process includes opportunities for inclusion of stakeholders’ concerns, either through multi-party workshops or the use of social science techniques to elicit objectives (i.e., values) and predict consequences of management actions. The authors present two case studies of using decision analysis to determine stakeholders’ objectives, identify alternative harvest strategies, predict the consequences of these alternatives on all objectives, and analyze tradeoffs among objectives. A case study of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in New York State provides an example of combining predictive population modeling and implementation of survey instruments statewide to determine optimal region-specific harvest regulations. Harvest management of walleye (Sander vitreus) provides an example of the inclusion of commercial and recreational angler groups in a series of workshops to make decisions about harvest quotas for one of the world’s largest freshwater fisheries.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Harvest of fish and wildlife: New paradigms for sustainable management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","usgsCitation":"Robinson, K., Fuller, A.K., and Jones, M., 2021, Using structured decision making to incorporate ecological and social values into harvest decisions: Case studies of white-tailed deer and walleye, chap. 9 of Harvest of fish and wildlife: New paradigms for sustainable management, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117474","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Kelly F.","contributorId":276131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Kelly F.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Angela K. 0000-0002-9247-7468 afuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7468","contributorId":3984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Angela","email":"afuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Michael","contributorId":276132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70228914,"text":"70228914 - 2021 - The future of managing ungulate species: White-tailed deer as a case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-11T15:42:19.439229","indexId":"70228914","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-07T09:50:14","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"22","title":"The future of managing ungulate species: White-tailed deer as a case study","docAbstract":"The future challenge to managing ungulate populations to meet objectives is likely to become more difficult as participation in recreational hunting declines and ungulate populations become more abundant. The authors use the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in North America as a case study to illustrate the management challenges facing decision makers. In states with fewer licensed deer hunters and large urban areas, changes solely to season length and bag limits may be insufficient to control deer populations. Incentivizing antlerless harvest beyond traditional reasons of recreation and sustenance may be necessary. The chapter provides a description of a future in which multiple methods will be required to control deer populations that likely will require an adaptive management approach. Methods other than hunting will incur higher costs to landowners and government agencies, and acceptable methods will depend on resident attitudes toward lethal and nonlethal control measures and costs.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Harvest of fish and wildlife: New paradigms for sustainable management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, D.R., Knox, W.M., and Rosenberry, C., 2021, The future of managing ungulate species: White-tailed deer as a case study, chap. 22 of Harvest of fish and wildlife: New paradigms for sustainable management, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118957","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knox, W. Matthew","contributorId":280011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knox","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":57408,"text":"Virginia DGIF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Christopher S.","contributorId":280012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":12891,"text":"Pennsylvania Game Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221212,"text":"ofr20211030I - 2021 - System characterization report on the WorldView-3 Imager","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70221212,"text":"ofr20211030I - 2021 - System characterization report on the WorldView-3 Imager","indexId":"ofr20211030I","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","displayTitle":"System Characterization Report on the WorldView-3 Imager","title":"System characterization report on the WorldView-3 Imager"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70221266,"text":"ofr20211030 - 2021 - System characterization of Earth observation sensors","indexId":"ofr20211030","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"System characterization of Earth observation sensors"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70221266,"text":"ofr20211030 - 2021 - System characterization of Earth observation sensors","indexId":"ofr20211030","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"System characterization of Earth observation sensors"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-27T14:35:39.264069","indexId":"ofr20211030I","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-07T09:23:24","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1030","chapter":"I","displayTitle":"System Characterization Report on the WorldView-3 Imager","title":"System characterization report on the WorldView-3 Imager","docAbstract":"This report addresses system characterization of the Maxar WorldView-3 satellite and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence in 2020. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
WorldView-3 is a high-resolution multispectral satellite launched in 2014 by Maxar Technologies on an Atlas V launch vehicle from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California for Earth resources monitoring. WorldView-3 provides substantial technical improvements to previous WorldView satellites, including spectral bands, ground sample distance, and swath. The WorldView-3 satellite was designed and built by Lockheed Martin for Maxar Technologies using the BCP–5000 bus with the WorldView-3 Imager and the Clouds, Aerosols, Vapors, Ice, and Snow sensor. The high-resolution WorldView-3 Imager is the main instrument, and the Clouds, Aerosols, Vapors, Ice, and Snow sensor provides additional data on obscurants and other atmospheric effects used in data production. More information on Maxar WorldView satellites and sensors is available within the “2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium” and from the manufacturer at https://www.maxar.com/.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that WorldView-3 has a range of interior geometric performance of −0.09 (−0.07 pixel) to 0.24 meter (0.19 pixel) in band-to-band registration; an exterior geometric performance in the range of a −21.10- (−2.11 pixels) to 28.23-meter (2.82 pixels) offset in comparison to Sentinel-2; a radiometric performance in the range of −0.121 to 1.420 (offset and slope); and a spatial performance in the range of 1.2 to 1.7 pixels at full width at half maximum with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.093 to 0.185.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030I","usgsCitation":"Cantrell, S.J., Christopherson, J.B., Anderson, C., Stensaas, G.L., Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., Kim, M., and Park, S., 2021, System characterization report on the WorldView-3 Imager (ver. 1.1, October 2021), chap. I of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030I.","productDescription":"Report: v, 29 p.; Version History","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126804","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391140,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"878 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030I Version History"},{"id":391139,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/ofr20211030i_ver1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.1 MB","description":"OFR 2021–1030I"},{"id":391138,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/images"},{"id":391137,"rank":2,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/ofr20211030i.xml"},{"id":386257,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/coverthb_2.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: June 2021; Version 1.1: October 2021","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
This report addresses system characterization of Gaofen-1 and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence in 2020. These reports present the detail methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
Gaofen represents a series of Chinese high-resolution Earth observation satellites. More than 12 satellites have been launched in the Gaofen series, beginning with Gaofen-1 in 2013. Satellites within the series have varying infrared, radar, and optical imaging capabilities. The primary goal for the satellite is to provide near real-time observations for climate change monitoring, geographical mapping, precision agriculture support, environmental and resource surveying, and disaster prevention. More information on Chinese satellites and sensors is available within the “2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium” and at http://www.cnsageo.com/#/detailIndex?secondIndex=2&id=3&code=8.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence System Characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that Gaofen-1 has an interior geometric performance of −0.48 meter (m) (−0.03 pixel) northing and 0.42 m (0.03 pixel) easting offset for band 1, −0.99 m (−0.06 pixel) northing and −0.38 m (−0.02 pixel) easting offset for band 2, −0.45 m (−0.03) northing and 0.83 m (0.05 pixel) easting offset for band 3, −3.20 m (−0.20 pixel) northing and 1.44 m (0.09 pixel) easting offset for band 4 in band-to-band registration. Similarly, Gaofen-1 has an exterior geometric performance of 7.50 m (0.48 pixel) easting and 109.50 m (7.30 pixels) northing offset in comparison to the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager; a radiometric performance in the range of −0.014 to 0.149 (absolute reflective difference); and a spatial performance in the range of 1.1 to 2.0 pixels at full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.040 to 0.250.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030B","usgsCitation":"Shrestha, M., Sampath, A., Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., Christopherson, J.B., Shaw, J., Stensaas, G.L., and Anderson, C., 2021, System characterization report on the Gaofen-1, chap. B of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030B.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126808","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/b/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386256,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/b/ofr20211030b.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030B"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
This report addresses system characterization of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS) and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present the methodology and procedures for characterization and the technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated. These reports also provide a description of data measurements, data retention practices, and data analysis results and provide system characterization conclusions.
In partnership with Teledyne Brown Engineering, DLR built the DESIS hyperspectral instrument, which Teledyne Brown Engineering then integrated onto its International Space Station-based imaging platform, the Multi-User System for Earth Sensing. DLR developed the processing software and, together with Innovative Imaging and Research, completes the validation and calibration of the data products. DESIS was launched in 2018, and the data are used for scientific research in atmospheric physics and Earth sciences. The DESIS sensor contributes to the scientific and commercial utilization of the International Space Station and helps to further hyperspectral remote sensing technologies for future satellites. More information on DLR satellites and sensors is included within the “2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium” and at https://www.dlr.de/DE/Home/home_node.html.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that DESIS has an interior geometric performance of less than a 3.30-meter (less than 0.11 pixel) root mean square error in band-to-band registration, an exterior geometric performance in the range of a 2.40- (0.08 pixel) to 17.40-meter (0.58 pixel) offset in comparison to the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager, a radiometric performance in the range of −0.013 to 1.011 (offset and slope), and a spatial performance for band 130 of 1.5 pixels at full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency of 0.167.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030A","usgsCitation":"Shrestha, M., Sampath, A., Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., Christopherson, J.B., Shaw, J., and Anderson, C., 2021, System characterization report on the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS), chap. A of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030A.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126586","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/a/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/a/ofr20211030a.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030A"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
The invasiveness of nonnative taxa can vary across a landscape due to environmental gradients, suggesting that location-dependent management strategies may be more effective at reducing spread compared to a “one size fits all” approach across the entire introduced range. Using bait stations placed along linear transects within habitat preserves, we tested for effects of ecoregion, vegetation, soil moisture, habitat edge type (i.e., moisture source), and distance from edges on the presence of the invasive Argentine ant Linepithema humile in San Diego County, California, a region with high indigenous biodiversity and numerous rare and protected species. Our results showed an inverse relationship between the presence of native ant species and the presence of the Argentine ant across ecoregions, with the latter reaching peak abundance in the coastal terrace. Argentine ant presence was negatively associated with distance from all edge types regardless of location, but the magnitude of this effect varied among ecoregions. In the xeric foothill and inland valleys, the probability of occurrence was nearly 0 at distances of 200 m and 750 m from moisture edges, respectively, whereas in the coastal terrace, the probability remained above 0.80 at distances up to 1.25 km. When compared to previous studies at different spatial scales, these findings provide an alternative perspective on the invasiveness of the Argentine ant at the landscape level. Our results further suggest that efforts to control spread in regions with a Mediterranean climate may be more successful in inland areas, where the ant is likely to have lower environmental tolerance and native ant species may be better able to generate biotic resistance. In contrast, different tactics and expectations may be necessary for coastal areas, where the same constraints are diminished or absent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/064.081.0208","usgsCitation":"Richmond, J.Q., Matsuda, T., Brehme, C.S., Perkins, E., and Fisher, R., 2021, Predictability of invasive Argentine ant distribution across Mediterranean ecoregions of southern California: Western North American Naturalist, v. 81, no. 2, p. 243-256, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.081.0208.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"256","ipdsId":"IP-122831","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","otherGeospatial":"Palomar and Laguna Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.11548632812577,\n 32.54194836678279\n ],\n [\n -116.40106393709056,\n 32.59596039805017\n ],\n [\n -116.40483397609356,\n 33.42110265634582\n ],\n [\n -117.14622140896292,\n 33.41740053633521\n ],\n [\n -117.48608470942531,\n 33.511908134079505\n ],\n [\n -117.67818135751273,\n 33.47083053561539\n ],\n [\n -117.40727582815857,\n 33.26926893986678\n ],\n [\n -117.264434730863,\n 32.89370420929002\n ],\n [\n -117.28413695117968,\n 32.83164417567744\n ],\n [\n -117.264434730863,\n 32.682523089936595\n ],\n [\n -117.12159363356713,\n 32.52899985746883\n ],\n [\n -117.11548632812577,\n 32.54194836678279\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matsuda, Tritia 0000-0001-9271-7671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9271-7671","contributorId":213956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuda","given":"Tritia","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brehme, Cheryl S. 0000-0001-8904-3354 cbrehme@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-3354","contributorId":3419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brehme","given":"Cheryl","email":"cbrehme@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perkins, Emily E. 0000-0002-6286-3480","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-3480","contributorId":225022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Emily E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70228994,"text":"70228994 - 2021 - Harvest as a tool to manage populations of undesirable or overabundant fish and wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-25T14:20:08.753662","indexId":"70228994","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-07T08:10:32","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"18","title":"Harvest as a tool to manage populations of undesirable or overabundant fish and wildlife","docAbstract":"Harvest is a common management tool for fish and game species and can also be used for overabundant populations when stakeholders want to reduce populations reduced and still provide recreational opportunities. The authors propose a framework to determine if harvest can be used to control populations when overabundance is an issue, stakeholders support harvest, information is available to set harvest goals and evaluate impacts of harvest, and assessments are conducted to evaluate unintended consequences of harvest. The chapter provides two case examples of mid-continent light geese and blue catfish in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, for which overabundance was a problem and stakeholders had interest in harvest. Substantial data existed to set goals for light geese whereas blue catfish data were limited. For both light geese and blue catfish, desired outcomes have not yet been achieved, but hunting and fishing opportunities generated societal benefits despite existing barriers to increasing harvest. Harvest to control overabundant populations can be a useful tool, but consideration of stakeholder support, the data require to establish and monitor goals, and unintended consequences should be considered for an effective harvest plan.
Harvest is a common management tool used for centuries to limit populations of game species (Caughley 1977, Redmond 1986). Managing populations using harvest regulations allow certain sizes, numbers, sex, and species to be harvested, and often include open or closed seasons. Regulated hunting opportunity and harvest are cornerstones of the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation, which developed gradually following unregulated harvest of wildlife populations that often were at risk of overharvest or extinction (Geist et al. 2001). Since then, many populations have recovered and expanded to the point where harvest regulations are now often used to limit or even reduce populations of some species. In general, harvest regulations have been well established as an effective way to control animal populations in many aquatic and terrestrial systems and are broadly accepted among the hunting and fishing public. For example, harvest regulations have been established or adapted to reduce or control populations of feral hogs (Sus scrofa; Hanson et al. 2009), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; Simard et al. 2013) and cougar (Puma concolor; Cooley et al. 2009), overabundant small black bass (Micropertus spp.; Isermann and Paukert 2010), northern pike (Esox lucius; Pierce 2010) or non-native species (Arlinghaus et al. 2016b).
Harvest has also been employed as a tool for controlling populations of invasive species. However, in many cases invasive species are so overabundant that a substantial commitment to harvest is necessary, which may exceed recreational harvest capacity and require commercial harvest or an active lethal control program by management agencies. Often removal of invasive species is challenging because the ultimate goal may be to eliminate the entire population, which may require impractical efforts. For example, controlling Asian carp in the Illinois River may require harvest rates of at least 70% (Tsehaye et al. 2013), whereas in the Great Smoky Mountains, an annual harvest rate of 40% would be necessary to decrease feral hog populations (Salinas et al. 2015). Many invasive species are known to negatively impact native species and ecosystems; thus, eradication is an ideal outcome. However, there may be opportunity to use harvest to control populations of native (or non-native) species that have some value yet are still overabundant. In this chapter, we explore the process of using harvest to control overabundant populations that have some recreational value, provide two examples to control overabundant populations using harvest, and describe the challenges and effectiveness associated with these efforts and some of the unintended effects of using harvest to control populations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Harvest of fish and wildlife: New paradigms for sustainable management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Paukert, C.P., Webb, E.B., Fowler, D.N., and Hilling, C.D., 2021, Harvest as a tool to manage populations of undesirable or overabundant fish and wildlife, chap. 18 of Harvest of fish and wildlife: New paradigms for sustainable management, p. 249-261.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"261","ipdsId":"IP-119950","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":245524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fowler, Drew N.","contributorId":205356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fowler","given":"Drew","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hilling, Corbin D. 0000-0003-4040-9516","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4040-9516","contributorId":257754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilling","given":"Corbin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70221729,"text":"70221729 - 2021 - Recent carbon storage and burial exceed historic rates in the San Juan Bay estuary peri-urban mangrove forests (Puerto Rico, United States)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T13:02:41.288765","indexId":"70221729","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-07T07:56:06","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5860,"text":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent carbon storage and burial exceed historic rates in the San Juan Bay estuary peri-urban mangrove forests (Puerto Rico, United States)","docAbstract":"Mangroves sequester significant quantities of organic carbon (C) because of high rates of burial in the soil and storage in biomass. We estimated mangrove forest C storage and accumulation rates in aboveground and belowground components among five sites along an urbanization gradient in the San Juan Bay Estuary, Puerto Rico. Sites included the highly urbanized and clogged Caño Martin Peña in the western half of the estuary, a series of lagoons in the center of the estuary, and a tropical forest reserve (Piñones) in the easternmost part. Radiometrically dated cores were used to determine sediment accretion and soil C storage and burial rates. Measurements of tree dendrometers coupled with allometric equations were used to estimate aboveground biomass. Estuary-wide mangrove forest C storage and accumulation rates were estimated using interpolation methods and coastal vegetation cover data. In recent decades (1970–2016), the highly urbanized Martin Peña East (MPE) site with low flushing had the highest C storage and burial rates among sites. The MPE soil carbon burial rate was over twice as great as global estimates. Mangrove forest C burial rates in recent decades were significantly greater than historic decades (1930–1970) at Caño Martin Peña and Piñones. Although MPE and Piñones had similarly low flushing, the landscape settings (clogged canal vs forest reserve) and urbanization (high vs low) were different. Apparently, not only urbanization, but site-specific flushing patterns, landscape setting, and soil fertility affected soil C storage and burial rates. There was no difference in C burial rates between historic and recent decades at the San José and La Torrecilla lagoons. Mangrove forests had soil C burial rates ranging from 88 g m–2 y–1 at the San José lagoon to 469 g m–2 y–1 at the MPE in recent decades. Watershed anthropogenic CO2 emissions (1.56 million Mg C y–1) far exceeded the annual mangrove forest C storage rates (aboveground biomass plus soils: 17,713 Mg C y–1). A combination of maintaining healthy mangrove forests and reducing anthropogenic emissions might be necessary to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in urban, tropical areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2021.676691","usgsCitation":"Wigand, C., Eagle, M.J., Branoff, B., Balogh, S., Miller, K., Martin, R.M., Hanson, A., Oczkowski, A., Huertas, E., Loffredo, J., and Watson, E., 2021, Recent carbon storage and burial exceed historic rates in the San Juan Bay estuary peri-urban mangrove forests (Puerto Rico, United States): Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, v. 4, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.676691.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127865","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451994,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.676691","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97CAF30","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Collection, analysis, and age-dating of sediment cores from mangrove wetlands in San Juan Bay Estuary, Puerto Rico, 2016"},{"id":386891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.357177734375,\n 17.756534036838417\n ],\n [\n -65.58013916015625,\n 17.756534036838417\n ],\n [\n -65.58013916015625,\n 18.599395202198725\n ],\n [\n -67.357177734375,\n 18.599395202198725\n ],\n [\n -67.357177734375,\n 17.756534036838417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wigand, Cathleen","contributorId":260715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wigand","given":"Cathleen","affiliations":[{"id":52652,"text":"US EPA, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagle, Meagan J. 0000-0001-5072-2755 meagle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-2755","contributorId":242890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagle","given":"Meagan","email":"meagle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Branoff, Benjamin","contributorId":216871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Branoff","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":39539,"text":"University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balogh, Stephen","contributorId":260716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balogh","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52652,"text":"US EPA, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Kenneth","contributorId":260717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[{"id":52655,"text":"General Dynamics Information Technology, 6361 Walker Lane, Suite 300 Alexandria, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martin, Rose M.","contributorId":211671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Rose","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38313,"text":"Atlantic Ecology Division, Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Dr. Narragansett, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hanson, Alana","contributorId":260718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Alana","affiliations":[{"id":52652,"text":"US EPA, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oczkowski, Autumn","contributorId":260719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oczkowski","given":"Autumn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52652,"text":"US EPA, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Huertas, Evelyn","contributorId":260720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huertas","given":"Evelyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52656,"text":"US EPA, Caribbean Environmental Protection Division, Guaynabo, PR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Loffredo, Joseph","contributorId":260721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loffredo","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52652,"text":"US EPA, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Watson, Elizabeth","contributorId":260722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watson","given":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[{"id":52657,"text":"Department of Biodiversity, Earth & Environmental Sciences and The Academy of Natural Sciences, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70221535,"text":"70221535 - 2021 - The limitations of external measurements for aging small mammals: The cautionary example of the Lesser Treeshrew (Scandentia: Tupaiidae: Tupaia minor Günther, 1876)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-17T15:17:09.763589","indexId":"70221535","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-07T07:39:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The limitations of external measurements for aging small mammals: The cautionary example of the Lesser Treeshrew (Scandentia: Tupaiidae: Tupaia minor Günther, 1876)","title":"The limitations of external measurements for aging small mammals: The cautionary example of the Lesser Treeshrew (Scandentia: Tupaiidae: Tupaia minor Günther, 1876)","docAbstract":"Age is a basic demographic characteristic vital to studies of mammalian social organization, population dynamics, and behavior. To eliminate potentially confounding ontogenetic variation, morphological comparisons among populations of mammals typically are limited to mature individuals (i.e., those assumed to have ceased most somatic growth). In our morphometric studies of treeshrews (Scandentia), adult individuals are defined by the presence of fully erupted permanent dentition, a common criterion in specimen-based mammalogy. In a number of cases, however, we have had poorly sampled populations of interest in which there were potentially useful specimens that could not be included in samples because they lacked associated skulls. Such specimens typically are associated with external body and weight measurements recorded by the original collectors, and we sought to determine whether these data could be used successfully as a proxy for age or at least to establish maturity. We analyzed four traditional external dimensions (head-and-body length, tail length, hind foot length, and ear length) and weight associated with 103 specimens from two allopatric populations of the Lesser Treeshrew (Tupaia minor Günther, 1876) from Peninsular Malaysia and from Borneo, which we treated as separate samples (populations). Individuals were assigned to one of eight age categories based on dental eruption stage, and measurements were compared among groups. In general, mean sizes of infants and subadults were smaller than those of adults, but the majority of subadults fell within the range of variation of adults. The large overlap among infants, subadults, and adults in external measurements and weight indicates that such measures are poor proxies for age in this species, probably for treeshrews in general, and possibly for other small mammals. This has significant implications for any investigation wherein relative age of individuals in a given population is an important consideration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyab055","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., Miller-Murthy, A., Olson, L.E., and Sargis, E.J., 2021, The limitations of external measurements for aging small mammals: The cautionary example of the Lesser Treeshrew (Scandentia: Tupaiidae: Tupaia minor Günther, 1876): Journal of Mammalogy, v. 102, no. 4, gyab055, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab055.","productDescription":"gyab055, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127413","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab055","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller-Murthy, Ananth","contributorId":239693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller-Murthy","given":"Ananth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37550,"text":"Yale University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, Link E. 0000-0002-2481-5701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2481-5701","contributorId":203887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Link","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36743,"text":"University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sargis, Eric J. 0000-0003-0424-3803","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0424-3803","contributorId":203885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sargis","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36741,"text":"Department of Anthropology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208277, New Haven, CT 06520, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70221293,"text":"70221293 - 2021 - Direct and size-mediated effects of temperature and ration-dependent growth rates on energy reserves in juvenile anadromous alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-18T14:04:00.020978","indexId":"70221293","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-07T07:27:35","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Direct and size-mediated effects of temperature and ration-dependent growth rates on energy reserves in juvenile anadromous alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus)","title":"Direct and size-mediated effects of temperature and ration-dependent growth rates on energy reserves in juvenile anadromous alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus)","docAbstract":"Growth rate and energy reserves are important determinants of fitness and are governed by endogenous and exogenous factors. Thus, examining the influence of individual and multiple stressors on growth and energy reserves can help estimate population health under current and future conditions. In young anadromous fishes, freshwater habitat quality determines physiological state and fitness of juveniles emigrating to marine habitats. We tested how temperature and food availability affect survival, growth, and energy reserves in juvenile anadromous alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus), a forage fish distributed along the eastern North American continent. Field-collected juvenile anadromous A. pseudoharengus were exposed for 21 days to one of two temperatures (21°C and 25°C) and one of two levels of food rations (1% or 2% tank biomass daily) and compared for differences in final size, fat mass-at-length, lean mass-at-length, and energy density. Increased temperature and reduced ration both led to lower growth rates and the effect of reduced ration was greater at higher temperature. Fat mass-at-length decreased with dry mass and energy density increased with total length, suggesting size-based endogenous influences on energy reserves. Lower ration also directly decreased fat mass-at-length, lean mass-at-length and energy density. Given the fitness implications of size and energy reserves, temperature and food availability should be considered important indicators of nursery habitat quality and incorporated in A. pseudoharengus life history models to improve forecasting of population health under climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.14824","usgsCitation":"Guo, L., McCormick, S.D., Schultz, E., and Jordaan, A., 2021, Direct and size-mediated effects of temperature and ration-dependent growth rates on energy reserves in juvenile anadromous alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus): Journal of Fish Biology, v. 99, no. 4, p. 1236-1246, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14824.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1236","endPage":"1246","ipdsId":"IP-125451","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Liang 0000-0001-5454-6330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5454-6330","contributorId":210404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Liang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schultz, Eric T.","contributorId":260102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Eric T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jordaan, Adrian","contributorId":257709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordaan","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":37201,"text":"UMass Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70221221,"text":"70221221 - 2021 - Untargeted lipidomics for determining cellular and sub-cellular responses in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver cells following exposure to complex mixtures in U.S. streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T19:03:36.192884","indexId":"70221221","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-07T07:02:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Untargeted lipidomics for determining cellular and sub-cellular responses in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver cells following exposure to complex mixtures in U.S. streams","title":"Untargeted lipidomics for determining cellular and sub-cellular responses in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver cells following exposure to complex mixtures in U.S. streams","docAbstract":"Surface waters often contain a variety of chemical contaminants potentially capable of producing adverse outcomes in both humans and wildlife due to impacts from industrial, urban, and agricultural activity. Here, we report the results of a zebrafish liver (ZFL) cell-based lipidomics approach to assess the potential ecotoxicological effects of complex contaminant mixtures using water collected from eight impacted streams across the United States mainland and Puerto Rico. We initially characterized the ZFL lipidome using high resolution mass spectrometry, resulting in the annotation of 508 lipid species covering 27 classes. We then identified lipid changes induced by all streamwater samples (nonspecific stress indicators) as well as those unique to water samples taken from specific streams. Subcellular impacts were classified based on organelle-specific lipid changes, including increased lipid saturation (endoplasmic reticulum stress), elevated bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (lysosomal overload), decreased ubiquinone (mitochondrial dysfunction), and elevated ether lipids (peroxisomal stress). Finally, we demonstrate how these results can uniquely inform environmental monitoring and risk assessments of surface waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.1c01132","usgsCitation":"Zhen, H., Teng, Q., Mosley, J.D., Collette, T.W., Yue, Y., Bradley, P., and Ekman, D.R., 2021, Untargeted lipidomics for determining cellular and sub-cellular responses in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver cells following exposure to complex mixtures in U.S. streams: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 55, no. 12, p. 8180-8190, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01132.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"8180","endPage":"8190","ipdsId":"IP-125102","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8453666","text":"External Repository"},{"id":386280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Huajun","contributorId":217485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhen","given":"Huajun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teng, Quincy","contributorId":177969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teng","given":"Quincy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosley, Jonathan D 0000-0002-9300-6924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9300-6924","contributorId":259316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosley","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collette, Timothy W.","contributorId":217482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collette","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yue, Yang","contributorId":259317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yue","given":"Yang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":221226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ekman, Drew R.","contributorId":217483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ekman","given":"Drew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70221478,"text":"70221478 - 2021 - Integrating wildlife habitat models with state-and-transitions models to enhance the management of rangelands for multiple objectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-17T11:51:14.687819","indexId":"70221478","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-07T06:49:59","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating wildlife habitat models with state-and-transitions models to enhance the management of rangelands for multiple objectives","docAbstract":"State-and-transition models (STMs) are tools used in rangeland management to describe linear and nonlinear vegetation dynamics as conceptual models. STMs can be improved by including additional ecosystem services, such as wildlife habitat, so that managers can predict how local populations might respond to state changes and to illustrate the tradeoffs in managing for different ecosystem services. Our objective was to incorporate songbird density into an STM developed for sagebrush rangelands in northwest Colorado to guide local management of sagebrush birds. The STM included two shrub-dominated community phases, a native grassland state, and a shrubland and grassland phase within an exotic-dominated state. We surveyed plots for songbirds, collected a suite of vegetation indicators at each plot, and quantified songbird habitat relationships with count-based regression models. We then used the estimated models to predict songbird density based on average vegetation conditions per state or community phase. Moderate or increasing shrub cover were important predictors for shrubland-associated species, and responses to understory components varied by species. In the STM, we predicted higher densities of shrubland-associated bird species in the shrub-dominated phases and higher densities of grassland-associated bird species in the state and phase lacking shrub cover. No single state or phase captured the highest density for all songbirds, illustrating the value of alternative states. Our results also demonstrate the utility of displaying traditional wildlife count models against the range of vegetation conditions associated with each state or phase to understand how wildlife density can vary within states and phases. Our approach can assist land managers to gauge the potential impacts of land-use decisions and natural vegetation variability on wildlife, especially for species of conservation concern.
Understanding the effects of disturbance events, land cover, and weather on wildlife activity is fundamental to wildlife management. Currently, in North America, bats are of high conservation concern due to white-nose syndrome and wind-energy development impact, but the role of fire as a potential additional stressor has received less focus. Although limited, the vast majority of research on bats and fire in the southeastern United States has been conducted during the growing season, thereby creating data gaps for bats in the region relative to overwintering conditions, particularly for non-hibernating species. The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystem is an archetypal fire-mediated ecosystem that has been the focus of landscape-level restoration in the Southeast. Although historically fires predominately occurred during the growing season in these systems, dormant-season fire is more widely utilized for easier application and control as a means of habitat management in the region. To assess the impacts of fire and environmental factors on bat activity on Camp Blanding Joint Training Center (CB) in northern Florida, USA, we deployed 34 acoustic detectors across CB and recorded data from 26 February to 3 April 2019, and from 10 December 2019 to 14 January 2020.
We identified eight bat species native to the region as present at CB. Bat activity was related to the proximity of mesic habitats as well as the presence of pine or deciduous forest types, depending on species morphology (i.e., body size, wing-loading, and echolocation call frequency). Activity for all bat species was influenced positively by either time since fire or mean fire return interval.
Overall, our results suggested that fire use provides a diverse landscape pattern at CB that maintains mesic, deciduous habitat within the larger pine forest matrix, thereby supporting the diverse bat community at CB during the dormant season and early spring.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s42408-021-00105-4","usgsCitation":"Jorge, M., Sweeten, S., TRUE, M.C., Freeze, S.R., Cherry, M.J., Garrison, E., and Ford, W., 2021, Fire, land cover, and temperature drivers of bat activity in winter: Fire Ecology, v. 17, 19, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-021-00105-4.","productDescription":"19, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121281","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-021-00105-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":393580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Clay County","volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorge, Marcelo H.","contributorId":270608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorge","given":"Marcelo H.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweeten, Sara E.","contributorId":270610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweeten","given":"Sara E.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"TRUE, Michael C.","contributorId":270612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"TRUE","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeze, Samuel R.","contributorId":270614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeze","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherry, Michael J.","contributorId":270616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cherry","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garrison, Elina P.","contributorId":270618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garrison","given":"Elina P.","affiliations":[{"id":56184,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservations Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":829611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70222615,"text":"70222615 - 2021 - NGA-East ground-motion characterization model Part II: Implementation and hazard implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-09T13:14:26.676694","indexId":"70222615","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-06T08:11:42","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NGA-East ground-motion characterization model Part II: Implementation and hazard implications","docAbstract":"As a companion article to Goulet et al., we describe implementation of the NGA-East ground motion characterization (GMC) model in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for sites in the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS). We present extensions to the EPRI/DOE/NRC seismic source characterization (SSC) model for the CEUS needed for full implementation of NGA-East. Comparisons are presented to the EPRI GMC, the currently accepted model by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for hazard assessment at nuclear facilities. Comparisons are presented both in terms of GMC model components and in the resulting seismic hazard assessments for a range of site locations in the CEUS. Illustrations of the effect of various components of the NGA-East GMC on seismic hazard results are also presented. Finally, we present recommendations for application of the NGA-East GMC in PSHA.
Estimates of age-specific survival probabilities are needed for age-structured population models and to inform conservation decisions. However, determining the age of individuals in wildlife populations is often problematic. We present a hidden Markov model for estimating age-specific survival from capture–recapture or capture–recapture–recovery data when age is unknown and indicators of age, such as size and growth layer counts, are imprecise. The model is evaluated through simulations, and its implementation is illustrated with maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches in commonly used software. The model is then applied to genetic capture–recapture data of Florida manatees to estimate age- and time-variant survival probabilities. The approach is broadly applicable to studies aiming to quantify age-specific effects of environmental change and management actions on population dynamics, including studies that rely on minimally invasive methods such as genetic and photo identification.
Relative risks of groundwater-quality degradation near selected California oil fields are estimated by examining spatial and temporal patterns in chemical and isotopic data in the context of groundwater-age categories defined by tritium and carbon-14. In the Coastal basins, western San Joaquin Valley (SJV), and eastern SJV; 82, 76, and 0% of samples are premodern (pre-1953 recharge), respectively; and 3, 0, and 31% are modern (recharged during or after 1953), respectively. Carbon-14 and helium-4 data indicate most premodern samples are 1000 to 10,000 (33%) or >10,000 (50%) years old. Organic chemicals that could be associated with deeper hydrocarbon reservoirs (e.g. thermogenic gases and benzene) occur most frequently in premodern groundwater, suggesting premodern groundwater has a higher risk of degradation from upward migration of hydrocarbons than modern and mixed-age groundwater. Low sulfate concentrations in some premodern groundwater containing high thermogenic-methane concentrations (>28 mg/L) indicate methane attenuation associated with sulfate reduction can be limited in premodern groundwater. The more common occurrence of manufactured compounds, like tetrachloroethene, in modern and mixed-age groundwater than in premodern groundwater indicates modern and mixed-age groundwater has a higher risk of degradation from land-surface sources than premodern groundwater. Time-series data for chloride in groundwater affected by disposal of oil-field water in unlined ponds indicate some modern and mixed-age groundwater are susceptible to chemical migration within 2–3 km of surface sources. Timescales for diluting chloride concentrations in groundwater with fresh recharge once disposal ponds are decommissioned are shorter in mixed-age groundwater with large fractions of modern water (9–14 years in one example) than in mixed-age groundwater with large fractions of premodern water (no evidence of dilution after 12 years of monitoring in one example). The presence of predominantly premodern groundwater in the Coastal basins and western SJV indicates these areas have relatively high risk from upward migration of hydrocarbons, reduced methane attenuation capacity, and long dilution times, whereas predominantly modern- and mixed-age groundwater in the eastern SJV indicates this area has relatively high risk from chemical migration from land-surface sources and subsequent extensive spreading. Age-based characterizations of relative risk could inform the design of groundwater-monitoring programs near oil fields in terms of the spatial distribution of monitoring points relative to source areas and monitoring frequency and duration.
Climate change is expected to alter the distribution and abundance of tree species, impacting ecosystem structure and function. Yet, anticipating where this will occur is often hampered by a lack of understanding of how demographic rates, most notably recruitment, vary in response to climate and competition across a species range. Using large-scale monitoring data on two dry woodland tree species (Pinus edulis and Juniperus osteosperma), we develop an approach to infer recruitment, survival, and growth of both species across their range. In doing so, we account for ecological and statistical dependencies inherent in large-scale monitoring data. We find that drying and warming conditions generally lead to declines in recruitment and survival, but the strength of responses varied between species. These climate conditions point to geographic regions of high vulnerability for particular species, such as Pinus edulis in northern Arizona, where both survival and recruitment are low. Our approach provides a path forward for leveraging emerging large-scale monitoring and remotely sensed data to anticipate the impacts of global change on species distributions.
A challenge for the global economy is to meet the growing demand for commodities used in today’s advanced technologies. Critical minerals are commodities (for example, elements, compounds, minerals) deemed vital to the economic and national security of individual countries that are vulnerable to supply disruption. The national geological agencies of Australia, Canada, and the United States recently joined forces to advance understanding and foster development of critical mineral resources in their respective countries through the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI). An initial goal of the CMMI is to fill the knowledge gap on the abundance of critical minerals in ores. To do this, the CMMI compiled modern multielement geochemical data generated by each agency on ore samples collected from historical and active mines and prospects from around the world. To identify relationships between critical minerals, deposit types, deposit environments, and mineral systems, a unified deposit classification scheme was needed. This report describes the scheme developed by the CMMI to classify the initial release of geochemical data. In 2021, the resulting database—along with basic query, statistical analysis, and display tools—will be served to the public through a web-based portal managed by Geoscience Australia. The database will enable users to trace critical minerals through mineral systems and identify individual deposits or deposit types that are potential sources of critical minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211049","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared as part of a joint research program between the U.S. Geological Survey, Geological Survey of Canada, Geological Survey of Queensland, and Geoscience Australia","usgsCitation":"Hofstra, A., Lisitsin, V., Corriveau, L., Paradis, S., Peter, J., Lauzière, K., Lawley, C., Gadd, M., Pilote, J., Honsberger, I., Bastrakov, E., Champion, D., Czarnota, K., Doublier, M., Huston, D., Raymond, O., VanDerWielen, S., Emsbo, P., Granitto, M., and Kreiner, D., 2021, Deposit classification scheme for the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative Global Geochemical Database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1049, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211049.","productDescription":"Report: v, 60 p.; 1 Table","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-127680","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386206,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1049/ofr20211049_table2.pdf","text":"Table 2—Deposit classification scheme","size":"224 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1049 Table 1"},{"id":386204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1049/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386205,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1049/ofr20211049.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1049"}],"contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
MS 973, Box 25046
Denver, CO 80225
Tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) were used to assess the effectiveness of reducing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure to wildlife as a result of contaminated sediment removal at locations across the Great Lakes under two dredging scenarios, full or spot dredging. For comparative purposes, other locations where no dredging occurred were also assessed. Calculating accumulation rate, from the mass of a contaminant in tree swallow eggs and nestling carcasses, is a useful tool to assess the effectiveness of sediment removal. It has the advantage over more commonly used metrics such as cubic yards of sediment removed or kg of a contaminant removed, because it assesses a biotic endpoint that has more societal understanding. Egg and nestling concentrations of total PCBs and accumulation rate (μg of total PCBs accumulated per day) were compared pre- and post-dredge. At the most contaminated site, Waukegan Harbor, Illinois, the accumulation rate decreased by 95% because of dredging. At less contaminated locations in Wisconsin and Ohio, the accumulation rate was reduced by dredging as well, but not to such a large extent (~50%). Even at reference locations, there was a very small amount (0.01–0.06 μg/day) of PCBs accumulated each day because of the prevalence of this contaminant in the environment. The profile of individual PCB congeners also differed pre-and post-dredge and demonstrated significant changes as a result of dredging activities.
South Asian precipitation amount and extreme variability are predicted to increase due to thermodynamic effects of increased 21st-century greenhouse gases, accompanied by an increased supply of moisture from the southern hemisphere Indian Ocean. We reconstructed South Asian summer monsoon precipitation and runoff into the Bay of Bengal to assess the extent to which these factors also operated in the Pleistocene, a time of large-scale natural changes in carbon dioxide and ice volume. South Asian precipitation and runoff are strongly coherent with, and lag, atmospheric carbon dioxide changes at Earth’s orbital eccentricity, obliquity, and precession bands and are closely tied to cross-equatorial wind strength at the precession band. We find that the projected monsoon response to ongoing, rapid high-latitude ice melt and rising carbon dioxide levels is fully consistent with dynamics of the past 0.9 million years.
Nutrient loads delivered to estuaries via submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) play an important role in the nitrogen (N) budget and eutrophication status. However, accurate and reliable quantification of the chemical flux across the final decimeters and centimeters at the sediment–estuary interface remains a challenge, because there is significant potential for biogeochemical alteration due to contrasting conditions in the coastal aquifer and surface sediment. Here, a novel, oxygen- and light-regulated ultrasonic seepage meter, and a standard seepage meter, were used to measure SGD and calculate N species fluxes across the sediment–estuary interface. Coupling the measurements to an endmember approach based on subsurface N concentrations and an assumption of conservative transport enabled estimation of the extent of transformation occurring in discharging groundwater within the benthic zone. Biogeochemical transformation within reactive estuarine surface sediment was a dominant driver in modifying the N flux carried upward by SGD, and resulted in a similar percentage of N removal (~ 42–52%) as did transformations occurring deeper within the coastal aquifer salinity mixing zone (~ 42–47%). Seasonal shifts in the relative importance of biogeochemical processes including denitrification, nitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and assimilation altered the composition of the flux to estuarine surface water, which was dominated by ammonium in June and by nitrate in August, despite the endmember-based observation that fixed N in discharging groundwater was strongly dominated by nitrate. This may have important ramifications for the ecology and management of estuaries, since past N loading estimates have generally assumed conservative transport from the nearshore aquifer to estuary.
Although corticosteroid-mediated hepatic gluconeogenic activity in response to stress has been extensively studied in fishes and other vertebrates, there is little information on the stress response in basal vertebrates. In sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a representative member of the most basal extant vertebrate group Agnatha, 11-deoxycortisol and deoxycorticosterone are the major circulating corticosteroids. The present study examined changes in circulating glucose and 11-deoxycortisol concentrations in response to a physical stressor. Furthermore, the gluconeogenic actions of 11-deoxycortisol and deoxycorticosterone were examined. Within 6 h of exposure of larval and juvenile sea lamprey to an acute handling stress, plasma 11-deoxycortisol levels increased 15- and 6-fold, respectively, and plasma glucose increased 3- and 4-fold, respectively. Radiometric receptor binding studies revealed that a corticosteroid receptor (CR) is present in the liver at lower abundance than in other tissues (gill and anterior intestine) and that the binding affinity of the liver CR was similar for 11-deoxycortisol and deoxycorticosterone. Transcriptional tissue profiles indicate a wide distribution of cr transcription, kidney-specific transcription of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (star) and liver-specific transcription of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck). Ex vivo incubation of liver tissue with 11-deoxycortisol resulted in dose-dependent increases in pepck mRNA levels. Finally, intraperitoneal administration of 11-deoxycortisol and deoxycorticosterone demonstrated that only 11-deoxycortisol resulted in an increase in plasma glucose. Together, these results provide the first direct evidence for the gluconeogenic activity of 11-deoxycortisol in an agnathan, indicating that corticosteroid regulation of plasma glucose is a basal trait among vertebrates.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.241943","usgsCitation":"Shaughnessy, C.A., and McCormick, S.D., 2021, 11-Deoxycortisol is a stress responsive and gluconeogenic hormone in the jawless vertebrate, the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus): Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 224, no. 11, jeb241943, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.241943.","productDescription":"jeb241943","ipdsId":"IP-124347","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.241943","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"224","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaughnessy, Ciaran A. 0000-0003-2146-9126","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-9126","contributorId":229634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaughnessy","given":"Ciaran","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37062,"text":"UMASS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221792,"text":"70221792 - 2021 - Sea star wasting disease pathology in Pisaster ochraceus shows a basal-to-surface process affecting color phenotypes differently","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-07T14:27:46.714793","indexId":"70221792","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-03T19:43:33","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Sea star wasting disease pathology in Pisaster ochraceus shows a basal-to-surface process affecting color phenotypes differently","title":"Sea star wasting disease pathology in Pisaster ochraceus shows a basal-to-surface process affecting color phenotypes differently","docAbstract":"Sea star wasting disease (SSWD) refers to a suite of poorly described non-specific clinical signs including abnormal posture, epidermal ulceration, and limb autotomy (sloughing) causing mortalities of over 20 species of sea stars and subsequent ecological shifts throughout the northeastern Pacific. While SSWD is widely assumed to be infectious, with environmental conditions facilitating disease progression, few data exist on cellular changes associated with the disease. This is unfortunate, because such observations could inform mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and host susceptibility. Here, we replicated SSWD by exposing captive Pisaster ochraceus to a suite of non-infectious organic substances and show that development of gross lesions is a basal-to-surface process involving inflammation (e.g. infiltration of coelomocytes) of ossicles and mutable collagenous tissue, leading to epidermal ulceration. Affected sea stars also manifest increases in a heretofore undocumented coelomocyte type, spindle cells, that might be a useful marker of inflammation in this species. Finally, compared to purple morphs, orange P. ochraceus developed more severe lesions but survived longer. Longer-lived, and presumably more visible, severely-lesioned orange sea stars could have important demographic implications in terms of detectability of lesioned animals in the wild and measures of apparent prevalence of disease.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/dao03598","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Weatherby, T.M., DeRito, C.M., Besemer, R.M., and Hewson, I., 2021, Sea star wasting disease pathology in Pisaster ochraceus shows a basal-to-surface process affecting color phenotypes differently: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 145, p. 21-33, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03598.","productDescription":"Article: 13 p.; Data Release","startPage":"21","endPage":"33","ipdsId":"IP-126265","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452021,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03598","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":386991,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LGH5ZF"}],"volume":"145","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weatherby, Tina M.","contributorId":260782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weatherby","given":"Tina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36402,"text":"University of Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeRito, Christopher M.","contributorId":260783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeRito","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Besemer, Ryan M.","contributorId":260784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Besemer","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hewson, Ian","contributorId":260785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hewson","given":"Ian","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}