One approach that has been used in performing a nonparametric test for monotonic trend in a hydrologic time series consists of a two-stage analysis. First, a regression equation is estimated for the variable being tested as a function of an exogenous variable. A nonparametric trend test such as the Kendall test is then performed on the residuals from the equation. By analogy to stagewise regression and through Monte Carlo experiments, it is demonstrated that this approach will tend to underestimate the magnitude of the trend and to result in some loss in power as a result of ignoring the interaction between the exogenous variable and time. An alternative approach, referred to as the adjusted variable Kendall test, is demonstrated to generally have increased statistical power and to provide more reliable estimates of the trend slope. In addition, the utility of including an exogenous variable in a trend test is examined under selected conditions.
Deterministic, distributed-parameter, numerical simulation models for analyzing groundwater flow and transport problems have come to be used almost routinely during the past decade. A review of the theoretical basis and practical use of groundwater flow and solute transport models is used to illustrate the state-of-the-art. Because of errors and uncertainty in defining model parameters, models must be calibrated to obtain a best estimate of the parameters. For flow modeling, data generally are sufficient to allow calibration. For solute-transport modeling, lack of data not only limits calibration, but also causes uncertainty in process description. Where data are available, model reliability should be assessed on the basis of sensitivity tests and measures of goodness-of-fit. Some of these concepts are demonstrated by using two case histories.
To investigate the degree to which compaction of a sandy soil influences its unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K, samples of Oakley sand (now in the Delhi series; mixed, thermic, Typic Xeropsamments) were packed to various densities and K was measured by the steady-state centrifuge method. The air-dry, machine packing was followed by centrifugal compression with the soil wet to about one-third saturation. Variations in (i) the impact frequency and (ii) the impact force during packing, and (iii) the amount of centrifugal force applied after packing, produced a range of porosity from 0.333 to 0.380. With volumetric water content θ between 0.06 and 0.12, K values were between 7 × 10−11 and 2 × 10−8 m/s. Comparisons of K at a single θ value for samples differing in porosity by about 3% showed as much as fivefold variation for samples prepared by different packing procedures, while there generally was negligible variation (within experimental error of 8%) where the porosity difference resulted from a difference in centrifugal force. Analysis involving capillary-theory models suggests that the differences in K can be related to differences in pore-space geometry inferred from water retention curves measured for the various samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200020001x","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., and Akstin, K.C., 1988, Hydraulic conductivity of a sandy soil at low water content after compaction by various methods: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 52, no. 2, p. 303-310, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200020001x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"310","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df0ae4b05ec79911d1d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akstin, Katherine C.","contributorId":88023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014367,"text":"70014367 - 1988 - Permeability of rock samples from Cajon Pass, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T01:11:29.469073","indexId":"70014367","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permeability of rock samples from Cajon Pass, California","docAbstract":"Hydrologic rock properties are important to the debate about the state of stress and heat flow regime of the San Andreas fault. In particular, these properties are pertinent to whether frictional heat generated by high shear stresses can be convected away by circulating ground water, thus accounting for the absence of a measurable heat flow anomaly across the fault. To help resolve this debate, we have conducted laboratory permeability measurements on intact core samples from the Cajon Pass drill hole extracted from depths between 2100 and 3500 m. These rocks were all crystalline in nature, including granodiorites, tonalites, monzogranites and gneisses. Confining and pore pressures matched the in situ pressures for each depth, and distilled water was used as the permeating medium. Permeabilities ranged from 10−22 to 10−19 m2 for effective pressures between 36 and 56 MPa. In general, the permeability values decreased with depth in a manner consistent with earlier studies of rocks between 500 and 2100 m in the drill hole. Petrographic observations indicate that repeated episodes of crack healing and sealing are the mechanisms responsible for the extremely low permeability values. Secondary minerals that seal the microfractures include abundant laumontite, calcite, quartz, chlorite, and other phyllosilicates. The permeability results suggest that water circulation in the vicinity of the drill hole must be restricted to major fracture zones, with minimal exchange of water in more intact regions. This finding is consistent with geochemical evidence of little mixing of the pore waters sampled from different sections of the borehole. The results also suggest that massive water circulation through the bulk of the rock is unlikely as a mechanism for obscuring the heat flow anomaly that would be expected if shear stresses along the San Andreas fault are high.
Four experimental waste disposal trench covers were constructed to test the effectiveness of layered-soil cover designs in reducing infiltration. Three covers each consisted of a layer of gravel between an overlying wick layer of compacted fine-grained material (either silt or loam) and a compacted loam base; the fourth consisted of compactd silt over a loam base. Capillary pressures were monitored at various depths within each cover during October through December, 1985, a period of high rainfall following a dry summer.
Moisture movement in response to the rainfall was rapid within the upper layers of all four test covers, but was retained within the upper layers of the three wick-system trenches, despite variations in the design thickness and composition of the wick layers. In the wick systems, moisture did not enter the gravel until a threshold level of pressure approaching saturation was established in the wick layer. Once this level was reached, moisture moved into and through the gravel. This experiment demonstrates the functionality of field-scale wick systems.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864314","usgsCitation":"Smoot, C.W., 1988, Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 3: Altitude of the base of freshwater in Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4314, 1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864314.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.90 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415861,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36634.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":81709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4314/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.046,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -94.046,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -94.046,\n 33\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db6409f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smoot, Charles W.","contributorId":88398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014451,"text":"70014451 - 1988 - Preliminary observations of streamflow generation during storms in a forested Piedmont watershed using temperature as a tracer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T19:36:55.997833","indexId":"70014451","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary observations of streamflow generation during storms in a forested Piedmont watershed using temperature as a tracer","docAbstract":"Variations in streamwater temperature at the outlet of a 41-ha forested watershed at Panola Mountain in the Georgia Piedmont indicate that the initial rapid hydrologic response is caused by a combination of groundwater discharge and channel interception of rainwater. A storm in May 1986 caused a rapid increase in discharge that was accompanied by a decrease in streamwater temperature and a rise in the water table level adjacent to the stream. The higher water table provided the hydraulic gradient necessary to increase the discharge of colder groundwater to the stream. Storms that occurred under very dry antecedent conditions in July 1986 and June 1987 caused a rapid hydrologic response but no change in water table level, indicating the response was caused by channel interception of rainwater. This conclusion was supported by increases in streamwater temperature in the June storm and by chemical changes in the July storm. When rainfall is sufficient, flow in the ephemeral part of the stream in the catchment headwaters generates a second and larger discharge peak that reflects the chemistry and temperature of runoff from a 3-ha granite outcrop in the headwaters; sulfate concentration and temperature increase and alkalinity decreases relative to prestorm conditions. The initial response, however, results from channel interception and groundwater discharge. Rapid rises in the water table level during some storms suggest that macropore flow may play a major role in the hydrologic response of the watershed to rainstorms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(88)90040-X","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., and Peters, N., 1988, Preliminary observations of streamflow generation during storms in a forested Piedmont watershed using temperature as a tracer: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 349-365, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(88)90040-X.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8936e4b0c8380cd7dd41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013932,"text":"70013932 - 1988 - Fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream in southern Mississippi, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:58:38","indexId":"70013932","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream in southern Mississippi, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The fate of acetone in water was investigated in an outdoor model stream located in southern Mississippi, U.S.A. Acetone was injected continuously for 32 days resulting in small milligram-perliter concentrations in the stream. Rhodamine-WT dye was injected at the beginning and at the end of the study to determine the time-of-travel and dispersion characteristics of the stream. A 12-h injection of t-butyl alcohol (TBA) was used to determine the volatilization characteristics of the stream. Volatilization controlled the acetone concentration in the stream. Significant bacterial degradation of acetone did not occur, contrary to expectations based on previous laboratory studies. Attempts to induce degradation of the acetone by injecting glucose and a nutrient solution containing bacteria acclimated to acetone were unsuccessful. Possible explanations for the lack of bacterial degradation included a nitrate limitation and a limited residence time in the stream system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(88)90165-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., Stephens, D.W., Shultz, D., and Tai, D.Y., 1988, Fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream in southern Mississippi, U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 104, no. 1-4, p. 181-209, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(88)90165-5.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 33.17434155100208\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 32.30570601389429\n ],\n [\n -91.60400390625,\n 31.071755902820133\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 30.996445897426373\n ],\n [\n -89.62646484375,\n 30.315987718557867\n ],\n [\n -88.39599609375,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 33.119150226768866\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 33.17434155100208\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f0fe4b0c8380cd5373b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, D. W.","contributorId":68335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shultz, D.J.","contributorId":60246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013828,"text":"70013828 - 1988 - Assessment of the analytical capabilities of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T16:05:35.10148","indexId":"70013828","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2444,"text":"Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of the analytical capabilities of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A thorough assessment of the analytical capabilities of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was conducted for selected analytes of importance in water quality applications and hydrologic research. A multielement calibration curve technique was designed to produce accurate and precise results in analysis times of approximately one minute. The suite of elements included Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V, and Zn. The effects of sample matrix composition on the accuracy of the determinations showed that matrix elements (such as Na, Ca, Mg, and K) that may be present in natural water samples at concentration levels greater than 50 mg/L resulted in as much as a 10% suppression in ion current for analyte elements. Operational detection limits are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","doi":"10.6028/jres.093.107","issn":"01601741","usgsCitation":"Taylor, H.E., and Garbarino, J.R., 1988, Assessment of the analytical capabilities of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, v. 93, no. 3, p. 433-435, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.093.107.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"435","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487161,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.6028/jres.093.107","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":220002,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee61e4b0c8380cd49d23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garbarino, John R. jrgarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"John","email":"jrgarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014413,"text":"70014413 - 1988 - Geohydrologic aspects of water-quality problems of the San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014413","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geohydrologic aspects of water-quality problems of the San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"Salinity and selenium concentrations in shallow ground water of the western San Joaquin Valley, California, are related to the geomorphology and hydrology of the alluvial fans. High salinity and selenium concentrations are associated with ephemeral-stream deposits. Low salinity and selenium concentrations are associated with intermittent-stream deposits, which represent the major alluvial fans of the area. The highest salinity and selenium concentrations at the margins of the alluvial fans are the result of evaporation and evapotranspiration of shallow ground water, as indicated by oxygen- and hydrogen-isotopic data. The extent and direction of movement of saline ground water to drain laterals in agricultural fields are influenced by the time since installation of the drainage system, drain lateral spacing, and the regional ground-water-flow system.","conferenceTitle":"Planning Now for Irrigation and Drainage in the 21st Century","conferenceDate":"18 July 1988 through 21 July 1988","conferenceLocation":"Lincoln, NE, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626660","usgsCitation":"Deverel, S.J., 1988, Geohydrologic aspects of water-quality problems of the San Joaquin Valley, California, Planning Now for Irrigation and Drainage in the 21st Century, Lincoln, NE, USA, 18 July 1988 through 21 July 1988, p. 694-699.","startPage":"694","endPage":"699","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a17a0e4b0c8380cd55575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deverel, S. J.","contributorId":65478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deverel","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013704,"text":"70013704 - 1988 - A conceptual framework for assessing cumulative impacts on the hydrology of nontidal wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T11:43:25","indexId":"70013704","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A conceptual framework for assessing cumulative impacts on the hydrology of nontidal wetlands","docAbstract":"Wetlands occur in geologic and hydrologic settings that enhance the accumulation or retention of water. Regional slope, local relief, and permeability of the land surface are major controls on the formation of wetlands by surface-water sources. However, these landscape features also have significant control over groundwater flow systems, which commonly play a role in the formation of wetlands. Because the hydrologic system is a continuum, any modification of one component will have an effect on contiguous components. Disturbances commonly affecting the hydrologic system as it relates to wetlands include weather modification, alteration of plant communities, storage of surface water, road construction, drainage of surface water and soil water, alteration of groundwater recharge and discharge areas, and pumping of groundwater. Assessments of the cumulative effects of one or more of these disturbances on the hydrologic system as related to wetlands must take into account uncertainty in the measurements and in the assumptions that are made in hydrologic studies. For example, it may be appropriate to assume that regional groundwater flow systems are recharged in uplands and discharged in lowlands. However, a similar assumption commonly does not apply on a local scale, because of the spatial and temporal dynamics of groundwater recharge. Lack of appreciation of such hydrologic factors can lead to misunderstanding of the hydrologic function of wetlands within various parts of the landscape and mismanagement of wetland ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01867539","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1988, A conceptual framework for assessing cumulative impacts on the hydrology of nontidal wetlands: Environmental Management, v. 12, no. 5, p. 605-620, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01867539.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"605","endPage":"620","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205045,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867539"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e392e4b0c8380cd460db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014312,"text":"70014312 - 1988 - Determining transit losses for water deliveries by use of stream-aquifer models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014312","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Determining transit losses for water deliveries by use of stream-aquifer models","docAbstract":"Hydrologic modeling of stream-aquifer interaction commonly has been used to quantify transit losses associated with water deliveries, such as those from reservoir storage. This technique requires estimation of model parameters that include stage-discharge relations, channel-storage coefficient, aquifer transmissivity, and aquifer-storage coefficient. Because data to reliably estimate or calibrate these parameters often may be lacking, it is beneficial to know how parameter errors will affect the determination of transit losses. In addition, transit loss varies considerably depending on the duration of the recovery period (time allowed for water to leave channel and bank storage) used in the calculation of hydrograph volume. Sensitivity analysis indicates that recovery period typically is more important to the determination of total transit loss than are errors in the estimated values of channel and aquifer characteristics.","conferenceTitle":"Planning Now for Irrigation and Drainage in the 21st Century","conferenceDate":"18 July 1988 through 21 July 1988","conferenceLocation":"Lincoln, NE, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626660","usgsCitation":"Livingston, R.K., 1988, Determining transit losses for water deliveries by use of stream-aquifer models, Planning Now for Irrigation and Drainage in the 21st Century, Lincoln, NE, USA, 18 July 1988 through 21 July 1988, p. 165-175.","startPage":"165","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fffae4b0c8380cd4f4eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, Russell K.","contributorId":69582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69537,"text":"hu21 - 1988 - Hydrologic Unit Map – 1988, states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-28T19:19:37.397831","indexId":"hu21","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":319,"text":"Hydrologic Unit","code":"HU","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Hydrologic Unit Map – 1988, states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/hu21","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Hydrologic Unit Map – 1988, states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Unit 21, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 37.87 x 21.73 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/hu21.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 37.87 x 21.73 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420200,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611923","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014454,"text":"70014454 - 1988 - Sorption of vapors of some organic liquids on soil humic acid and its relation to partitioning of organic compounds in soil organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T13:34:48","indexId":"70014454","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption of vapors of some organic liquids on soil humic acid and its relation to partitioning of organic compounds in soil organic matter","docAbstract":"Vapor sorption of water, ethanol, benzene, hexane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,2-dibromoethane on (Sanhedron) soil humic acid has been determined at room temperature. Isotherms for all organic liquids are highly linear over a wide range of relative pressure, characteristic of the partitioning (dissolution) of the organic compounds in soil humic acid. Polar liquids exhibit markedly greater sorption capacities on soil humic acid than relatively nonpolar liquids, in keeping with the polar nature of the soil humic acid as a partition medium. The limiting sorption (partition) capacities of relatively non-polar liquids are remarkably similar when expressed in terms of volumes per unit weight of soil humic acid. The soil humic acid is found to be about half as effective as soil organic matter in sorption of relatively nonpolar organic compounds. The nearly constant limiting sorption capacity for nonpolar organic liquids with soil humic acid on a volume-to-weight basis and its efficiency in sorption relative to soil organic matter provide a basis for predicting the approximate sorption (partition) coefficients of similar compounds in uptake by soil in aqueous systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00168a010","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chlou, G., Kile, D.E., and Malcolm, R., 1988, Sorption of vapors of some organic liquids on soil humic acid and its relation to partitioning of organic compounds in soil organic matter: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 22, no. 3, p. 298-303, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00168a010.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9310e4b08c986b31a27d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chlou, G.T.","contributorId":98475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chlou","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kile, D. E.","contributorId":22758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26395,"text":"wri884023 - 1988 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Chilkat River basin, Southeast Alaska; with special reference to the Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T21:47:35.932343","indexId":"wri884023","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4023","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Chilkat River basin, Southeast Alaska; with special reference to the Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve","docAbstract":"The Chilkat River Basin of Alaska is characterized by glaciers, highly dissected mountains with steep-gradient streams, and braided rivers in broad, alluvium-filled valleys. Orographic effects and a wide seasonal range in temperature cause variations in the amount and distribution of precipitation, and thus in the resulting runoff and streamflow. Seeps and springs flowing from alluvial fans contribute to streamflow year round. Infiltration of water from the Tsirku River and its distributary channels is the most important source of groundwater recharge on the river 's alluvial fan, 20 mi north of Haines. Groundwater discharge along the toe of the fan maintains open leads in a reach of the Chilkat River downstream from the fan. This ice-free reach provides spawning habitat for a late run of salmon, which in turn attracts the world 's largest concentration of bald eagles (more than 3,000 birds). Both surface and groundwater are a calcium bicarbonate type. Stream samples had dissolved-solids concentrations < 115 mg/L; values for groundwater were slightly greater. The glacier-fed Chilkat, Tsirku, and Klehini Rivers carry large concentrations of suspended sediment during periods of high flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884023","usgsCitation":"Bugliosi, E., 1988, Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Chilkat River basin, Southeast Alaska; with special reference to the Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4023, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884023.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414755,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46950.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55188,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4023/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4023/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve, Chilkat River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -135.9833,\n 59.4242\n ],\n [\n -135.9833,\n 59.3572\n ],\n [\n -135.8333,\n 59.3572\n ],\n [\n -135.8333,\n 59.4242\n ],\n [\n -135.9833,\n 59.4242\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bugliosi, E. F.","contributorId":70738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bugliosi","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29153,"text":"wri894008 - 1988 - Hydrologic conditions at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1982 to 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T21:39:42.49658","indexId":"wri894008","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4008","title":"Hydrologic conditions at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1982 to 1985","docAbstract":"Aqueous chemical and radioactive wastes discharged since 1952 to unlined ponds and wells at the INEL (Idaho National Engineering Laboratory) have affected water quality in perched groundwater zones and in the Snake River Plain Aquifer. Routine waste water disposal was changed from deep injection wells to ponds at the ICPP (Idaho Chemical Processing Plant) in 1984. During 1982-85, tritium concentrations increased in perched groundwater zones under disposal ponds, but cobalt-60 concentrations decreased. In 1985, perched groundwater under TRA disposal ponds contained up to 1,770 ± 30 pCi/mL (picocuries/milliliter) of tritium and 0.36 ± 0.05 pCi/mL of cobalt-60.
During 1982-85, tritium concentrations in water in the Snake River Plain aquifer decreased as much as 80 pCi/mL near the ICPP. In 1985, measurable tritium concentrations ranged from 0.9 ± 0.3 to 93.4 ± 2.0 pCi/mL. Tritium was detected in groundwater near the southern boundary of the INEL, 9 miles south of the ICPP and TRA. Strontium-90 concentrations in groundwater, up to 63 ± 5 pCi/L (picocuries per liter) near the ICPP, generally were smaller than 1981 concentrations. Cesium-137 concentrations in groundwater near the ICPP ranged from 125 ± 14 to 237 ± 45 pCi/L. Maximum concentrations of plutonium-238 and plutonium-239 , -240 (undivided) were 1.31 ± .0019 pCi/ml and 1.9 ± 0.00003 pCi/L. Sodium and chloride generally decreased during 1982-85. Nitrate concentrations increased near the TRA and NRF (Naval Reactors Facility) and decreased near the ICPP.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894008","usgsCitation":"Pittman, J.R., Fischer, P.R., and Jensen, R.G., 1988, Hydrologic conditions at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1982 to 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4008, vi, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894008.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414754,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47138.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58027,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4008/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.1917,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -113.1917,\n 43.4667\n ],\n [\n -112.4667,\n 43.4667\n ],\n [\n -112.4667,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -113.1917,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e481fe4b07f02db4e0ce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pittman, J. R.","contributorId":71571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, P. R.","contributorId":68786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, R. G.","contributorId":63799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013800,"text":"70013800 - 1988 - The feasibility of using sequential extraction techniques for As and Se in soils and sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:00:10","indexId":"70013800","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The feasibility of using sequential extraction techniques for As and Se in soils and sediments","docAbstract":"Laboratory experiments were conducted with well-characterized minerals to test the applicability of selective extraction schemes for Se and As partitioning in soils and sediments. Two specific steps were tested: the reductive dissolution of amorphous iron oxides and the oxidation of organic material. Selenium and As associated with amorphous iron oxides were usually not found in solution after reductive dissolution, due to readsorption onto other minerals unaffected by the extractant. Oxidants intended to dissolve organic material also oxidized Se(IV) adsorbed on a mineral to Se(VI), causing the release of Se(VI) to the extractant solution.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200020016x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Gruebel, K.A., Davis, J., and Leckie, J.O., 1988, The feasibility of using sequential extraction techniques for As and Se in soils and sediments: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 52, no. 2, p. 390-397, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200020016x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"390","endPage":"397","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e70e4b0c8380cd5345f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gruebel, Karen A.","contributorId":74137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gruebel","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, James A.","contributorId":69289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leckie, James O.","contributorId":77297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leckie","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013712,"text":"70013712 - 1988 - Dichlorobenzene in ground water: Evidence for long-term persistence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:01:51","indexId":"70013712","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dichlorobenzene in ground water: Evidence for long-term persistence","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and geochemical evidence were used to establish the long-term persistence of dichlorobenzene in ground water that has been contaminated from 50 years of rapid-infiltration sewage disposal. An extensive plume of dichlorobenzene extends more than 3,500 meters downgradient from the disposal beds, with concentrations of the combined isomers ranging from less than 0.01 to over 1.0 ??g/l. Based on estimates of maximum ground-water flow velocities, a minimum age of 20 years was established for the farthest downgradient zone of dichlorobenzene contamination. Branched-chained, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid surfactants, that were introduced into the ground water prior to 1966, occur along with dichlorobenzene in the downgradient part of the plume, further establish residence of the compounds in the aquifer for at least 20 years. Although dichlorobenzene can be biologically degraded under aerobic conditions, its persistence at this field site is attributed to the dynamics of the ground-water system. Denitrifying conditions, resulting from the degradation of organic compounds in the aquifer near the disposal beds, appear to have enhanced the persistence of dichlorobenzene, which is not degraded by anaerobic bacteria. Biological degradation of dichlorobenzene in the aerobic part of the plume downgradient from the source is probably limited by the paucity of a suitable organic-carbon substrate and the low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the contaminated ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00419.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., 1988, Dichlorobenzene in ground water: Evidence for long-term persistence: Ground Water, v. 26, no. 6, p. 696-732, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00419.x.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"696","endPage":"732","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00b3e4b0c8380cd4f880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013658,"text":"70013658 - 1988 - Bacterial ethane formation from reduced, ethylated sulfur compounds in anoxic sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-06T06:31:00","indexId":"70013658","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial ethane formation from reduced, ethylated sulfur compounds in anoxic sediments","docAbstract":"Trace levels of ethane were produced biologically in anoxic sediment slurries from five chemically different aquatic environments. Gases from these locations displayed biogenic characteristics, having 12C-enriched values of δ13CH4 (−62 to −86%.), δ13C2H6 (−35 to −55%.) and high ratios (720 to 140,000) of
Geochemical samples of groundwater taken along hydrologic flow paths in eastern Georgia, South Carolina, and southeastern North Carolina, from noncalcareous sand aquifers, largely of Cretaceous age, are dominated by sodium and bicarbonate ions. Calcareous sand aquifers, largely of Tertiary age, contain water whose chemistry is dominated by calcium and bicarbonate ions, but may evolve downgradient to sodium and bicarbonate dominance. Water chemistry in both types of aquifer evolves to sodium chloride dominance as a result of fresh water mixing with subsurface brines or seawater present in the deeper downgradient parts of the aquifers. Principal aqueous chemical reactions appear to occur in five reaction zones in the aquifers and include feldspar hydrolysis to kaolinite, calcite dissolution, calcium-for-sodium cation exchange, and neoformation of sodium smectite in the downgradient parts of the aquifers. Redox reactions produce dissolved iron concentrations greater than 1 mg/L near the recharge areas. Organic matter in the aquifers is oxidized to CO2 by iron reduction and sulfate reduction processes. Production of CO2 by a methanogenic process may also occur. Geochemical mass-transfer models simulating the observed chemistry in western Alabama and eastern Mississippi have been extended to account for higher concentrations of sodium and bicarbonate observed in the South Carolina part of the aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i002p00291","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., and Strickland, D.J., 1988, Geochemistry of groundwater in tertiary and cretaceous sediments of the southeastern Coastal Plain in eastern Georgia, South Carolina, and southeastern North Carolina: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 291-303, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i002p00291.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Plain","volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16fbe4b0c8380cd55337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strickland, Donald J.","contributorId":106560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013655,"text":"70013655 - 1988 - Accumulation and bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a nearshore estuarine environment near a Pensacola (Florida) creosote contamination site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T14:11:10","indexId":"70013655","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation and bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a nearshore estuarine environment near a Pensacola (Florida) creosote contamination site","docAbstract":"Long-term accumulation of creosote wastes at a wood-preserving facility near Pensacola, Florida, has produced high levels of organic contamination of groundwaters near Pensacola Bay. Impacts of this contamination on the nearshore environment of the bay were examined by analysis of water, sediment and tissues of two mollusc species. One of the species (Thais haemastoma) was native to the study area. Individuals of the other test species (Crassostrea virginica) were placed in cages at the test sites for a 6-week period. Contamination at the nearshore estuarine sites was assessed by comparison to a control site in an uncontaminated area of the bay, as well as a small stream which forms a direct surface-water link between the creosote storage ponds and the bay. The study focused on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), the primary components of creosote. Very little PAH in water or in the surface layer of estuarine sediments was detected, despite heavy pollution of the stream sediments. This is attributed to various degradation processes which attack the PAH compounds once they discharge into the estuary, and to the likelihood of intermittent and localised release of contaminants to the estuary. Examination of sediment cores and mollusc tissues, which provide a record integrated over time and space, revealed some accumulation of a few PAH, notably fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene and phenanthrene. In the sediments, the highest concentrations of these compounds appeared below the surface, within a depth range of 8-13 cm. Bioaccumulation of fluoranthene, pyrene and phenanthrene in both mollusc species was up to ten times greater at test sites than at the control site. This contrasts with naphthalene, the bioaccumulation of which was no greater at test sites than at the control site. These differences in bioaccumulation factors relate to structural chemistry of the compounds which control their solubility, bioavailability, susceptibility to degradation and capacity for depuration by the organism.Long-term accumulation of creosote wastes at a wood-preserving facility near Pensacola, Florida, has produced high levels of organic contamination of groundwaters near Pensacola Bay. Impacts of this contamination on the nearshore environment of the bay were examined by analysis of water, sediment and tissues of two mollusc species. Very little PAH in water or in the surface layer of estuarine sediments was detected, despite heavy pollution of the stream sediments. This is attributed to various degradation processes which attack the PAH compounds once they discharge into the estuary, and to the likelihood of intermittent and localized release of contaminants to the estuary. There was some accumulation of a few PAH, notably fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene and phenanthrene. In the sediments, the highest concentrations of these compounds appeared below the surface, within a depth range of 8-13 cm. Bioaccumulation of fluoranthene, pyrene and phenanthrene in both mollusc species was up to ten times greater at test sites than at the control site. Differences in bioaccumulation factors relate to structural chemistry of the compounds which control their solubility, bioavailability, susceptibility to degradation and capacity for depuration by the organism.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0269-7491(88)90244-8","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Elder, J.F., and Dresler, P., 1988, Accumulation and bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a nearshore estuarine environment near a Pensacola (Florida) creosote contamination site: Environmental Pollution, v. 49, no. 2, p. 117-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(88)90244-8.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Pensacola","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.528076171875,\n 30.230594564932193\n ],\n [\n -86.759033203125,\n 30.230594564932193\n ],\n [\n -86.759033203125,\n 30.64736425824319\n ],\n [\n -87.528076171875,\n 30.64736425824319\n ],\n [\n -87.528076171875,\n 30.230594564932193\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e672e4b0c8380cd47431","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, J. F.","contributorId":54143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dresler, P.V.","contributorId":106910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dresler","given":"P.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014432,"text":"70014432 - 1988 - A statistical evaluation of formation disturbance produced by well- casing installation methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:15:48","indexId":"70014432","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A statistical evaluation of formation disturbance produced by well- casing installation methods","docAbstract":"Water-resources investigations concerned with contaminant transport through aquifers comprised of very loose, unconsolidated sediments have shown that small-scale variations in aquifer characteristics can significantly affect solute transport and dispersion. Commonly, measurement accuracy and resolution have been limited by a borehole environment consisting of an annulus of disturbed sediments produced by the casing-installation method. In an attempt to quantify this disturbance and recognize its impact on the characterization of unconsolidated deposits, three installation methods were examined and compared in a sand-and-gravel outwash at a test site on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. These installation methods were: 1) casing installed in a mud-rotary hole; 2) casing installed in an augered hole; and 3) flush-joint steel casing hammer-driven from land surface. Fifteen wells were logged with epithermal neutron and natural gamma tools. Concludes that augering is the most disruptive of the three casing-installation methods and that driving casing directly, though typically a more time-consuming operation, transmits the least amount of disturbance into the surrounding formation. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00385.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., LeBlanc, D.R., and Teasdale, W., 1988, A statistical evaluation of formation disturbance produced by well- casing installation methods: Ground Water, v. 26, no. 2, p. 207-217, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00385.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.83984375,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -69.862060546875,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -69.862060546875,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -70.83984375,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -70.83984375,\n 41.6154423246811\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5afe4b0c8380cd46efb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teasdale, W.E.","contributorId":50177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teasdale","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014403,"text":"70014403 - 1988 - Hausmannite (Mn3O4) conversion to manganite (γ-MnOOH) in dilute oxalate solution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T18:33:49","indexId":"70014403","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hausmannite (Mn3O4) conversion to manganite (γ-MnOOH) in dilute oxalate solution","docAbstract":"Oxalic acid retards the alteration of Mn3O4 to γ-MnOOH during aging at pH 7.4 ?? 0.2 in well-aerated, abiotic suspensions that contain 4.4 ?? 10-3 M total Mn. In solutions of 1.25 ?? 10-3 M oxalate and greater, about 15% of the initial Mn3O4 altered to ??-MnOOH by day 10, and in solutions of 6.7 ?? 10-4 M oxalate, about 45% altered to ??-MnOOH by day 67. Although precipitation continued through day 365, the degree of conversion remained the same as at day 10 and day 67, respectively. In oxalate-free suspensions, the conversion was about 80% complete by day 67 and 100% by day 109. Oxalate complexed most of the dissolved divalent Mn, lowered the free Mn(II) and MnSO40 concentrations, but increased the total dissolved Mn. Steric hindrance of surface reactions by a suggested manganese oxalate layer on the Mn3O4 surface may explain the blockage of the oxidation cycle.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00166a006","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lind, C.J., 1988, Hausmannite (Mn3O4) conversion to manganite (γ-MnOOH) in dilute oxalate solution: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 22, no. 1, p. 62-70, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00166a006.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f8ce4b0c8380cd5ceaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lind, Carol J.","contributorId":36110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lind","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014391,"text":"70014391 - 1988 - Diel variations in iron chemistry in an acidic stream in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T16:50:46","indexId":"70014391","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diel variations in iron chemistry in an acidic stream in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"In the Snake River, an acidic mountain stream in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, the concentration of dissolved iron is apparently unrelated to seasonal changes in hydrologic regime, which strongly influence the concentrations of most other dissolved constituents. Hourly sampling indicated that short-term fluctuations in iron chemistry occur, whereas the concentrations of most other dissolved constituents, including other trace metals, remain stable. During the day, greater concentrations of dissolved total and ferrous iron generally occurred during periods of full sunlight. Photoreduction of hydrous iron oxides, which are abundant in the fine sediment and as coatings on the rocks, may be responsible for these observations. Iron chemistry also varied at night, decreasing in dissolved total and ferrous iron until about midnight and increasing until dawn. Oxidation of ferrous iron, and several microbial processes, may contribute to these nighttime changes. In an on-site batch experiment using rocks and streamwater, an increase in dissolved total and ferrous iron occurred on exposure to sunlight, and ferrous oxidation occurred on return to darkness. Short-term fluctuations in iron chemistry are consistent with the lack of correlation between iron and other constituents in the long-term data, and illustrate the potential importance of complex in-stream processes in such stream systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","doi":"10.2307/1551347","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D., and Bencala, K., 1988, Diel variations in iron chemistry in an acidic stream in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 20, no. 4, p. 492-500, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551347.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"492","endPage":"500","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00c5e4b0c8380cd4f8f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, D.","contributorId":48713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKnight","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}