Physiographic, hydrologic, and rainfall data from 18 small drainage basins in semiarid, central Wyoming were used to calibrate topological, unit‐hydrograph models for celerity, the average rate of travel of a flood wave through the basin. The data set consisted of basin characteristics and hydrologic data for the 18 basins and rainfall data for 68 storms. Calibrated values of celerity and peak discharges subsequently were regressed as a function of the basin characteristics and excess rainfall volume. Predicted values obtained in this way can be used as input for estimating hydrographs in ungaged basins. The regression models included ordinary least‐squares and seemingly unrelated regression. This latter regression model jointly estimated the celerity and peak discharge. The correlation between residuals of the celerity and peak‐discharge regressions was sufficiently large to de‐, crease the variances of estimated univariate‐model parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:4(446)","issn":"07339496","usgsCitation":"Karlinger, M.R., Guertin, D.P., and Troutman, B., 1988, Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 114, no. 4, p. 446-456, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:4(446).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"446","endPage":"456","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9340e4b0c8380cd80ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karlinger, Michael R.","contributorId":10777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guertin, D. Phillip","contributorId":46062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Phillip","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":366732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":41040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013725,"text":"70013725 - 1988 - Groundwater flow and transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:45:10.120868","indexId":"70013725","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater flow and transport modeling","docAbstract":"Deterministic, distributed-parameter, numerical simulation models for analyzing groundwater flow and transport problems have come to be used almost routinely during the past decade. A review of the theoretical basis and practical use of groundwater flow and solute transport models is used to illustrate the state-of-the-art. Because of errors and uncertainty in defining model parameters, models must be calibrated to obtain a best estimate of the parameters. For flow modeling, data generally are sufficient to allow calibration. For solute-transport modeling, lack of data not only limits calibration, but also causes uncertainty in process description. Where data are available, model reliability should be assessed on the basis of sensitivity tests and measures of goodness-of-fit. Some of these concepts are demonstrated by using two case histories.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/hu21","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Hydrologic Unit Map – 1988, states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Unit 21, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 37.87 x 21.73 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/hu21.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 37.87 x 21.73 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420200,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611923","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26395,"text":"wri884023 - 1988 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Chilkat River basin, Southeast Alaska; with special reference to the Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T21:47:35.932343","indexId":"wri884023","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4023","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Chilkat River basin, Southeast Alaska; with special reference to the Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve","docAbstract":"The Chilkat River Basin of Alaska is characterized by glaciers, highly dissected mountains with steep-gradient streams, and braided rivers in broad, alluvium-filled valleys. Orographic effects and a wide seasonal range in temperature cause variations in the amount and distribution of precipitation, and thus in the resulting runoff and streamflow. Seeps and springs flowing from alluvial fans contribute to streamflow year round. Infiltration of water from the Tsirku River and its distributary channels is the most important source of groundwater recharge on the river 's alluvial fan, 20 mi north of Haines. Groundwater discharge along the toe of the fan maintains open leads in a reach of the Chilkat River downstream from the fan. This ice-free reach provides spawning habitat for a late run of salmon, which in turn attracts the world 's largest concentration of bald eagles (more than 3,000 birds). Both surface and groundwater are a calcium bicarbonate type. Stream samples had dissolved-solids concentrations < 115 mg/L; values for groundwater were slightly greater. The glacier-fed Chilkat, Tsirku, and Klehini Rivers carry large concentrations of suspended sediment during periods of high flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884023","usgsCitation":"Bugliosi, E., 1988, Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Chilkat River basin, Southeast Alaska; with special reference to the Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4023, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884023.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414755,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46950.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55188,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4023/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4023/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve, Chilkat River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -135.9833,\n 59.4242\n ],\n [\n -135.9833,\n 59.3572\n ],\n [\n -135.8333,\n 59.3572\n ],\n [\n -135.8333,\n 59.4242\n ],\n [\n -135.9833,\n 59.4242\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bugliosi, E. F.","contributorId":70738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bugliosi","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29153,"text":"wri894008 - 1988 - Hydrologic conditions at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1982 to 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T21:39:42.49658","indexId":"wri894008","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4008","title":"Hydrologic conditions at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1982 to 1985","docAbstract":"Aqueous chemical and radioactive wastes discharged since 1952 to unlined ponds and wells at the INEL (Idaho National Engineering Laboratory) have affected water quality in perched groundwater zones and in the Snake River Plain Aquifer. Routine waste water disposal was changed from deep injection wells to ponds at the ICPP (Idaho Chemical Processing Plant) in 1984. During 1982-85, tritium concentrations increased in perched groundwater zones under disposal ponds, but cobalt-60 concentrations decreased. In 1985, perched groundwater under TRA disposal ponds contained up to 1,770 ± 30 pCi/mL (picocuries/milliliter) of tritium and 0.36 ± 0.05 pCi/mL of cobalt-60.
During 1982-85, tritium concentrations in water in the Snake River Plain aquifer decreased as much as 80 pCi/mL near the ICPP. In 1985, measurable tritium concentrations ranged from 0.9 ± 0.3 to 93.4 ± 2.0 pCi/mL. Tritium was detected in groundwater near the southern boundary of the INEL, 9 miles south of the ICPP and TRA. Strontium-90 concentrations in groundwater, up to 63 ± 5 pCi/L (picocuries per liter) near the ICPP, generally were smaller than 1981 concentrations. Cesium-137 concentrations in groundwater near the ICPP ranged from 125 ± 14 to 237 ± 45 pCi/L. Maximum concentrations of plutonium-238 and plutonium-239 , -240 (undivided) were 1.31 ± .0019 pCi/ml and 1.9 ± 0.00003 pCi/L. Sodium and chloride generally decreased during 1982-85. Nitrate concentrations increased near the TRA and NRF (Naval Reactors Facility) and decreased near the ICPP.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894008","usgsCitation":"Pittman, J.R., Fischer, P.R., and Jensen, R.G., 1988, Hydrologic conditions at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1982 to 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4008, vi, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894008.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414754,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47138.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58027,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4008/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.1917,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -113.1917,\n 43.4667\n ],\n [\n -112.4667,\n 43.4667\n ],\n [\n -112.4667,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -113.1917,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e481fe4b07f02db4e0ce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pittman, J. R.","contributorId":71571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, P. R.","contributorId":68786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, R. G.","contributorId":63799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44413,"text":"wri864314 - 1988 - Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 3: Altitude of the base of freshwater in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T19:19:10.04064","indexId":"wri864314","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4314","title":"Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 3: Altitude of the base of freshwater in Louisiana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864314","usgsCitation":"Smoot, C.W., 1988, Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 3: Altitude of the base of freshwater in Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4314, 1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864314.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.90 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415861,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36634.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":81709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4314/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.046,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -94.046,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -94.046,\n 33\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db6409f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smoot, Charles W.","contributorId":88398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70178836,"text":"70178836 - 1988 - Maps for America: cartographic products of the U.S. Geological Survey and others","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-12T09:06:31","indexId":"70178836","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Maps for America: cartographic products of the U.S. Geological Survey and others","docAbstract":"\"Maps for America\" was originally published in 1979 as a Centennial Volume commemorating the Geological Survey's hundred years of service (1879 - 1979) in the earth sciences. It was an eminently fitting Centennial Year publication, for, since its establishment, the Geological Survey has continuously carried on an extensive program of mapping to provide knowledge of the topography, geology, hydrology, and natural resources of our nation.
This volume contains an organized presentation of information about the map produced by the Geological Survey and other American organizations, public and private. Such maps are important tools for those in government and in private endeavors who are working to assure the wisest choices in managing the Nation's resources. They are particularly supportive of the Department of the Interior's role as the Nation's principal conservation agency.
The third edition of \"Maps for America,\" like the second edition, is intended primarily to replenish the supply of copies of the book, but it also contains a number of changes to correct or update the text.
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and alluvial stratigraphy of the Little Colorado River, Arizona","docAbstract":"During the first 40 years of the twentieth century, erosion was the dominant geomorphic process affecting the morphology of the Little Colorado River channel. The discharge regimen was one of frequent large floods and high annual discharge that created a wide sandy channel free of vegetation. In the 1940s and early 1950s, average annual precipitation declined, reducing annual discharge to about 57% of that of the preceding period as well as reducing the frequency of large floods. The channel adjusted to the new hydrologic regimen by reducing its width. Parts of the channel were frequently dry, and riparian vegetation, primarily nonnative salt cedar, became established on the higher channel surfaces. Precipitation and discharge thereafter increased and aggradation by overbank deposition was the primary geomorphic process, as indicated by accretion of 2 to 5 m of flood-plain alluvium between 1952 and 1978. Events of 1980, however, suggest that the flood plain has ceased to accrete, although climate has not fluctuated. The flood plain has probably reached a critical height above the channel, beyond which further accretion is unlikely under the existing discharge regimen. The recent history of the Little Colorado broadly suggests that flood-plain development was initiated by climatically induced hydrologic fluctuations. Flood-plain deposits in the stratigraphic column of such ephemeral streams may record repeated adjustments to altered hydrologic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<654:CAEPTG>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hereford, R., 1988, Climate and ephemeral-stream processes: Twentieth-century geomorphology and alluvial stratigraphy of the Little Colorado River, Arizona: GSA Bulletin, v. 95, no. 6, p. 654-668, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<654:CAEPTG>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"654","endPage":"668","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Little Colorado Drainage Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 34.9895035675793\n ],\n [\n -110.33020019531249,\n 34.9895035675793\n ],\n [\n -110.33020019531249,\n 36.02688935430189\n ],\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 36.02688935430189\n ],\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 34.9895035675793\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hereford, Richard 0000-0002-0892-7367 rhereford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7367","contributorId":3620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"Richard","email":"rhereford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179889,"text":"70179889 - 1987 - Bibliography of U.S. Geological Survey water-resources reports for Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T16:00:43","indexId":"70179889","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5270,"text":"Utah Division of Water Rights Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"28","title":"Bibliography of U.S. Geological Survey water-resources reports for Utah","docAbstract":"This bibliography contains a complete listing to December 31, 1986, of reports relating to the water resources of Utah prepared by personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey. Discussions of the related subjects of geology, hydrology, and chemical quality of the water are included in many of the reports. The reports were, for the most part, prepared by personnel assigned to the Water Resources Division, Utah District, in cooperation with State, other Federal, and local agencies. A few reports were prepared under contract with the Geological Survey or in cooperation with the geological Survey. A few were compiled under direct funds to the U.S. Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","usgsCitation":"1987, Bibliography of U.S. Geological Survey water-resources reports for Utah: Utah Division of Water Rights Information Bulletin 28, iv, 89 p.","productDescription":"iv, 89 p.","numberOfPages":"94","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333483,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=21-4-550"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881def9e4b01192927d9feb","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Dragos, Stefanie L.","contributorId":107301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dragos","given":"Stefanie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659120,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, Loretta S.","contributorId":178482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"Loretta","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659121,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176434,"text":"70176434 - 1987 - A detailed chronology of the most recent eruption period at Mount Hood, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T00:56:43.463027","indexId":"70176434","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A detailed chronology of the most recent eruption period at Mount Hood, Oregon","docAbstract":"The most recent eruptive period of Mount Hood volcano, the Old Maid eruptive period, was characterized by volcano-hydrologic events (hydrologic events initiated by volcanic activity) which resulted in extensive lahar inundation in the White, Sandy, and Zigzag River drainages and produced a lithic pyroclastic flow which traveled at least 9 km down the White River from the vent area at Crater Rock. Interpretations of downstream textural changes in deposits indicate that one lahar reached as far as Tygh Valley (65 km from the vent) before transforming into a lahar runout (hyperconcentrated flow). The runout inundated Tygh Valley and flowed into the Deschutes River, 75 km (flow path) from the volcano. A single lahar traveled more than 30 km down the Sandy River before transforming to a runout. Correlative sands and gravels are found as far as the apex of the Sandy River delta, more than 80 km from the volcano; these suggest that the flow underwent minimal attenuation of stage height throughout the length of Sandy River. Approximate dates ranging from 1760 A.D. to 1810 A.D. for various Old Maid-age events are inferred from dendrochronologic studies of old growth trees. There have been no apparent major topographic changes in the vent area since the end of Old Maid-age activity, enabling the events of the Old Maid eruptive period to be used as a model for future eruptive activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<845:ADCOTM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cameron, K.A., and Pringle, P.T., 1987, A detailed chronology of the most recent eruption period at Mount Hood, Oregon: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, p. 845-851, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<845:ADCOTM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"851","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328616,"rank":2,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/99/6/845","text":"Article abstract","description":"Article abstract"},{"id":328619,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Mount Hood, Cascade Volcanic Arc in northern Oregon; approximately 50 miles east-southeast of Portland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.96266174316406,\n 45.27053750018046\n ],\n [\n -121.96266174316406,\n 45.47842910891348\n ],\n [\n -121.5204620361328,\n 45.47842910891348\n ],\n [\n -121.5204620361328,\n 45.27053750018046\n ],\n [\n -121.96266174316406,\n 45.27053750018046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"99","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d9232de4b090824ffa19ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cameron, Kenneth A.","contributorId":9085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, P. T.","contributorId":116886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pringle","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039553,"text":"70039553 - 1987 - State hydrologic unit maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"70039553","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:04:14","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"State hydrologic unit maps","docAbstract":"A series of uniform, nationally consistent State Hydrologic Unit Maps that accurately delineate the hydrographic boundaries of major U.S. river basins has been prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Water Resources Council. These maps provide a standardized base for use by Federal and State water resources agencies throughout the country.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039553","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987, State hydrologic unit maps: General Information Product, 7 p.; col. ill.; maps. (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/70039553.","productDescription":"7 p.; col. ill.; maps. (col.)","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261678,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039553/report.pdf"},{"id":261679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039553/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96c9e4b08c986b31b6ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014784,"text":"70014784 - 1987 - Use of historical information in a maximum-likelihood framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:10:10.403714","indexId":"70014784","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of historical information in a maximum-likelihood framework","docAbstract":"This paper discusses flood-quantile estimators which can employ historical and paleoflood information, both when the magnitudes of historical flood peaks are known, and when only threshold-exceedance information is available. Maximum likelihood, quasi-maximum likelihood and curve fitting methods for simultaneous estimation of 1, 2 and 3 unknown parameters are examined. The information contained in a 100 yr record of historical observations, during which the flood perception threshold was near the 10 yr flood level (i.e., on average, one flood in ten is above the threshold and hence is recorded), is equivalent to roughly 43, 64 and 78 years of systematic record in terms of the improvement of the precision of 100 yr flood estimators when estimating 1, 2 and 3 parameters, respectively. With the perception threshold at the 100 yr flood level, the historical data was worth 13, 20 and 46 years of systematic data when estimating 1, 2 and 3 parameters, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90154-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Cohn, T., and Stedinger, J., 1987, Use of historical information in a maximum-likelihood framework: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 215-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90154-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"223","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225661,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf24e4b08c986b32999d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohn, T.A.","contributorId":84789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stedinger, J.R.","contributorId":90733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedinger","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014872,"text":"70014872 - 1987 - Regional regression of flood characteristics employing historical information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:06:44.687118","indexId":"70014872","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional regression of flood characteristics employing historical information","docAbstract":"Streamflow gauging networks provide hydrologic information for use in estimating the parameters of regional regression models. The regional regression models can be used to estimate flood statistics, such as the 100 yr peak, at ungauged sites as functions of drainage basin characteristics. A recent innovation in regional regression is the use of a generalized least squares (GLS) estimator that accounts for unequal station record lengths and sample cross correlation among the flows. However, this technique does not account for historical flood information.
A method is proposed here to adjust this generalized least squares estimator to account for possible information about historical floods available at some stations in a region. The historical information is assumed to be in the form of observations of all peaks above a threshold during a long period outside the systematic record period. A Monte Carlo simulation experiment was performed to compare the GLS estimator adjusted for historical floods with the unadjusted GLS estimator and the ordinary least squares estimator. Results indicate that using the GLS estimator adjusted for historical information significantly improves the regression model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90157-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Tasker, G.D., and Stedinger, J., 1987, Regional regression of flood characteristics employing historical information: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 255-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90157-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"264","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a54fe4b0e8fec6cdbdea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":83097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stedinger, J.R.","contributorId":90733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedinger","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014871,"text":"70014871 - 1987 - A comparison of the largest rainfall-runoff floods in the United States with those of the People's Republic of China and the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:23:37.478165","indexId":"70014871","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of the largest rainfall-runoff floods in the United States with those of the People's Republic of China and the world","docAbstract":"The maximum historic rainfall-runoff floods measured in the United States, the People's Republic of China and the world all plot close to a smooth curve of drainage area versus discharge. In the United States, the possibility that flood peaks were overestimated and the closeness of these peaks to the probable maximum floods suggest that this limiting curve of maximum floods will not significantly change position with more data. Data for future floods that plot above this curve need to be examined carefully. The most likely interpretations for new data points above the curve would be the confusion of a mud or debris flow with a water-dominated flood, or the damming of channels by debris or a landslide and subsequent bursting. In the United States, excluding Hawaii, the largest measured historic floods in basins less than about 1000 km2, all occurred in arid and semi-arid areas. In China, the majority of the largest measured historic floods occurred in the east and southeast in basins on the windward side of mountainous areas, and in locations affected by typhoons. One extraordinary flood that exceeds any other recorded flood in the world for the size of the drainage basin in which it occurred is the New Caledonia flood of December 24, 1981 on the Ouaieme River. Worldwide, the largest measured historic floods occurred primarily between 40°N and 40°S latitude on streams and rivers near coastal areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90146-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., 1987, A comparison of the largest rainfall-runoff floods in the United States with those of the People's Republic of China and the world: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 101-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90146-6.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"115","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e378e4b0c8380cd4604f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015252,"text":"70015252 - 1987 - The local effects of groundwater pumpage within a fault-influenced groundwater basin, Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:24:04.502044","indexId":"70015252","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The local effects of groundwater pumpage within a fault-influenced groundwater basin, Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Large-scale groundwater pumpage and water-level decline data are used in a preliminary attempt to identify the hydraulic connection between several wells and Devils Hole, a small pond in Nye County, Nevada, U.S.A. Results indicate that despite the discontinuous nature of the local aquifers, many wells have good hydraulic connection with Devils Hole. Hydraulic connection between the wells and Devils Hole exhibits a complex spatial variability typical of carbonate terrane. Zones or directions of minimal hydraulic connection may result from fault-controlled structural discontinuities. Zones or directions of enhanced hydraulic connection point to the presence of large-scale groundwater flow through fractures or conduits. The orientation of waterbearing fractures or conduits inferred from this study is qualitatively consistent with the major orientation of local and regional structural features.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90209-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rojstaczer, S., 1987, The local effects of groundwater pumpage within a fault-influenced groundwater basin, Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 91, no. 3-4, p. 319-337, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90209-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"337","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","volume":"91","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad98e4b08c986b323d02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rojstaczer, S.","contributorId":92709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rojstaczer","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014822,"text":"70014822 - 1987 - Errors in slope-area computations of peak discharges in mountain streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:28:04.411558","indexId":"70014822","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Errors in slope-area computations of peak discharges in mountain streams","docAbstract":"During an evaluation of 70 slope-area measurements on higher-gradient streams (stream slopes greater than 0.002) throughout the United States, peak discharge measurements were found to be affected by n values, scour, expansion and contraction losses, viscosity, unsteady flow, number of cross sections, state of flow and stream slope. Problems due to measurement error can often be as great as or greater than 100% and leads to overestimation of the actual peak discharge. This can result in misleading maximum flood values, erroneous flood-frequency analyses and overdesign of flood-plain structures.
A brief discussion of these problems, tentative solutions and research needs is presented. The critical-depth method of computing peak discharge provides the most reasonable results in higher-gradient streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90143-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Jarrett, R., 1987, Errors in slope-area computations of peak discharges in mountain streams: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 53-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90143-0.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"67","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a4be4b0c8380cd522bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarrett, R.D.","contributorId":36551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014821,"text":"70014821 - 1987 - Probability plotting position formulas for flood records with historical information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:13:51.042111","indexId":"70014821","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probability plotting position formulas for flood records with historical information","docAbstract":"For purposes of evaluating fitted flood frequency distributions or for purposes of estimating distributions directly from plots of flood peaks versus exceedance probabilities (either by subjective or objective techniques), one needs a probability plotting position formula which can be applied to all of the flood data available: both systematic and historic floods. Some of the formulas in use are simply extensions of existing formulas (such as Hazen and Weibull) used on systematic flood records. New plotting position formulas proposed by Hirsch and Stedinger (1986) and in this paper are based on a recognition that the flood data arises from partially censored sampling of the flood record. The theoretical appropriateness, bias in probability and bias in discharge of the various plotting position formulas are considered. The methods are compared in terms of their effects on flood frequency estimation when an objective curve-fitting method of estimation is employed. Consideration is also given to the correct interpretation of the historical record length and the effect of incorrectly assuming that record length equals the time since the first known historical flood. This assumption is employed in many flood frequency studies and may result in a substantial bias in estimated design flood magnitudes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90152-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R., 1987, Probability plotting position formulas for flood records with historical information: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 185-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90152-1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"199","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226250,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8cbae4b0c8380cd7e863","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, R.M.","contributorId":58639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014873,"text":"70014873 - 1987 - Linear error analysis of slope-area discharge determinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:19:03.131062","indexId":"70014873","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linear error analysis of slope-area discharge determinations","docAbstract":"The slope-area method can be used to calculate peak flood discharges when current-meter measurements are not possible. This calculation depends on several quantities, such as water-surface fall, that are subject to large measurement errors. Other critical quantities, such as Manning's n, are not even amenable to direct measurement but can only be estimated. Finally, scour and fill may cause gross discrepancies between the observed condition of the channel and the hydraulic conditions during the flood peak.
The effects of these potential errors on the accuracy of the computed discharge have been estimated by statistical error analysis using a Taylor-series approximation of the discharge formula and the well-known formula for the variance of a sum of correlated random variates. The resultant error variance of the computed discharge is a weighted sum of covariances of the various observational errors. The weights depend on the hydraulic and geometric configuration of the channel.
The mathematical analysis confirms the rule of thumb that relative errors in computed discharge increase rapidly when velocity heads exceed the water-surface fall, when the flow field is expanding and when lateral velocity variation (alpha) is large. It also confirms the extreme importance of accurately assessing the presence of scour or fill.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90148-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Kirby, W., 1987, Linear error analysis of slope-area discharge determinations: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 125-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90148-X.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"138","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47bee4b0c8380cd67951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, W.H.","contributorId":65468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014659,"text":"70014659 - 1987 - Analysis of saltwater upconing beneath a pumping well","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:18:51.265884","indexId":"70014659","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of saltwater upconing beneath a pumping well","docAbstract":"Aquifer systems that contain freshwater and saltwater are usually stratified, with the more dense saltwater underlying the freshwater. A groundwater well discharging from the freshwater zone causes the saltwater to move upwards towards the well. This phenomenon is known as saltwater upconing.
Two methods of analysis, the sharp-interface method and the fluid-density-dependent solute-transport method, are used to simulate saltwater upconing. Numerical experiments including comparisons of the two methods indicate: (1) for low to moderate pumpages the 50% isochlor and sharp interface correlate well; (2) the well can discharge significant concentrations of saltwater, even though a stable cone (according to the sharp-interface method) exists below the well screen; (3) an almost linear relationship exists between the well discharge rate and the concentration of the discharge at low pumping rates that maintain a stable cone; and (4) upconing is sensitive to transverse dispersivity, whereas it is insensitive to longitudinal dispersivity.
A simulation of upconing at Test Site No. 4, Truro, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, indicates that the appropriate field value of transverse dispersivity is very small. This supports the validity of the sharp-interface assumption for analyzing the behavior of systems with thin saltwater-freshwater transition zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90179-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., and Goodman, A., 1987, Analysis of saltwater upconing beneath a pumping well: Journal of Hydrology, v. 89, no. 3-4, p. 169-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90179-X.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"204","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb2de4b0c8380cd48c7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodman, A.S.","contributorId":37901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodman","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014835,"text":"70014835 - 1987 - Quantifying peak discharges for historical floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:33:24.845441","indexId":"70014835","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying peak discharges for historical floods","docAbstract":"It is usually advantageous to use information regarding historical floods, if available, to define the flood-frequency relation for a stream. Peak stages can sometimes be determined for outstanding floods that occurred many years ago before systematic gaging of streams began. In the United States, this information is usually not available for more than 100-200 years, but in countries with long cultural histories, such as China, historical flood data are available at some sites as far back as 2,000 years or more. It is important in flood studies to be able to assign a maximum discharge rate and an associated error range to the historical flood.
This paper describes the significant characteristics and uncertainties of four commonly used methods for estimating the peak discharge of a flood. These methods are: (1) rating curve (stage-discharge relation) extension; (2) slope conveyance; (3) slope area; and (4) step backwater. Logarithmic extensions of rating curves are based on theoretical plotting techniques that results in straight line extensions provided that channel shape and roughness do not change significantly. The slope-conveyance and slope-area methods are based on the Manning equation, which requires specific data on channel size, shape and roughness, as well as the water-surface slope for one or more cross-sections in a relatively straight reach of channel. The slope-conveyance method is used primarily for shaping and extending rating curves, whereas the slope-area method is used for specific floods. The step-backwater method, also based on the Manning equation, requires more cross-section data than the slope-area ethod, but has a water-surface profile convergence characteristic that negates the need for known or estimated water-surface slope.
Uncertainties in calculating peak discharge for historical floods may be quite large. Various investigations have shown that errors in calculating peak discharges by the slope-area method under ideal conditions for recent floods (i.e., when flood elevations, slope and channel characteristics are reasonably certain), may be on the order of 10-25%. Under less than ideal conditions, where streams are hydraulically steep and rough, errors may be much larger. The additional uncertainties for historical floods created by the passage of time may result in even larger errors of peak discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90141-7","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Cook, J., 1987, Quantifying peak discharges for historical floods: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 29-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90141-7.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d4e4b0c8380cd804af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, J.L.","contributorId":48323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014143,"text":"70014143 - 1987 - Origins of seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer - A case study of the Pajaro Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:44:13.963955","indexId":"70014143","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origins of seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer - A case study of the Pajaro Valley, California","docAbstract":"Seawater may enter and contaminate stratified coastal aquifers through a number of different pathways. These pathways and their relative contribution are examined in the Pajaro Valley, California, a coastal area with extensive groundwater development. This study considers three pathways of possible intrusion of the primary confined aquifer: (1) onshore leakage from brackish sources, the estuary and sloughs, through the confining layer; (2) near-shore leakage from the ocean through the confining layer; and (3) offshore flow from the ocean through the submarine canyon outcrop of the aquifer. Groundwater flow and seawater intrusion are simulated using an areal, two-dimensional solute-transport computer model. This analysis indicates that leakage through confining layers is the principal mechanism of recharge to the aquifer. Although lateral flow through the offshore outcrop contaminates the aquifer, as a whole, at a higher rate, vertical leakage through the sea floor initially is the main pathway of seawater intrusion to the onshore portion of the aquifer. It is likely that leakage generally is the dominant mechanism of recharge and initial cause of seawater intrusion for poorly-confined, stratified coastal aquifers. This analysis suggests that a significant time interval follows the initial observation of seawater intrusion, during which remedial action can be taken to control lateral flow through the offshore outcrop, which ultimately will be the largest component of future intrusion in these aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90024-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Bond, L., and Bredehoeft, J., 1987, Origins of seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer - A case study of the Pajaro Valley, California: Journal of Hydrology, v. 92, no. 3-4, p. 363-388, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90024-2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"388","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225817,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pajaro Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.88202839563803,\n 36.968105555446215\n ],\n [\n -121.88202839563803,\n 36.80615338085174\n ],\n [\n -121.6545197946362,\n 36.80615338085174\n ],\n [\n -121.6545197946362,\n 36.968105555446215\n ],\n [\n -121.88202839563803,\n 36.968105555446215\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a711ae4b0c8380cd76464","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bond, L.D.","contributorId":41153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014228,"text":"70014228 - 1987 - Microclimate and actual evapotranspiration in a humid coastal-plain environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:57:45.000609","indexId":"70014228","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microclimate and actual evapotranspiration in a humid coastal-plain environment","docAbstract":"Continuous hourly measurements of twelve meteorologic variables recorded during 1983 and 1984 were used to examine the microclimate and actual evapotranspiration at a low-level radioactive-waste burial site near Barnwell, South Carolina. The study area is in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of southwestern South Carolina.
Monthly, daily, and hourly trends in net radiation, incoming and reflected short-wave radiation, incoming and emitted long-wave radiation, soil-heat flux, dry- and wet-bulb temperatures, soil temperatures, wind direction and speed, and precipitation were used to characterize the microclimate. Average daily air temperatures ranged from −9 to 32° Celsius during the period of study. Net radiation varied from about −27 to 251 watts m−2 and was dominated by incoming short-wave radiation throughout the year. The peak net radiation during a summer day generally occurred 2–3h before the peak vapor pressure deficit. In the winter, these peaks occurred at about the same time of day. Monthly precipitation varied from 15 to 241 mm.
The Bowen ratio method was used to estimate hourly evapotranspiration, which was summed to also give daily and monthly evapotranspiration. Actual evapotranspiration varied from 0.0 to 0.7 mm h−1, 0.8−5 mm d−1, and 20–140 mm month−1 during 1983 and 1984. The maximum rate of evapotranspiration generally occurred at the same time of day as maximum net radiation, suggesting net radiation was the main driving force for evapotranspiration. Precipitation exceeded evapotranspiration during 14 months of the 2yr study period. Late fall, winter, and early spring contained the majority of these months. The maximum excess precipitation was 115 mm in February 1983.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90101-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Dennehy, K., and McMahon, P., 1987, Microclimate and actual evapotranspiration in a humid coastal-plain environment: Journal of Hydrology, v. 93, no. 3-4, p. 295-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90101-6.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"312","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226140,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Barnwell","otherGeospatial":"southwestern South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.62448428060112,\n 33.42574370207785\n ],\n [\n -81.62448428060112,\n 32.28580430495876\n ],\n [\n -80.3174053996638,\n 32.28580430495876\n ],\n [\n -80.3174053996638,\n 33.42574370207785\n ],\n [\n -81.62448428060112,\n 33.42574370207785\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a566de4b0c8380cd6d5ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennehy, K.F.","contributorId":41841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennehy","given":"K.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014239,"text":"70014239 - 1987 - Hydraulics and basin morphometry of the largest flash floods in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:49:59.546235","indexId":"70014239","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulics and basin morphometry of the largest flash floods in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The maximum rainfall-runoff floods measured by indirect methods in small basins (0.39-370 km2) in the conterminous United States are examined. This analysis identified twelve floods that were the largest ever measured. These floods all occurred in semiarid to arid areas.
For eleven of the twelve largest rainfall-runoff floods measured in small basins by the slope-area method, values of hydraulic depth; hydraulic radius; width-depth ratio; n value; mean velocity; velocity-head coefficient; Froude number; water-surface, energy, and channel slopes; shear stress; and unit stream power are tabulated. Estimated composite n values weighted by subsection conveyance range from 0.028 to 0.048 with a mean of 0.038. Mean velocities ranged from 3.47 to 9.97 m s−1. Froude numbers ranged from 0.81 to 2.49, with 9 of 12 floods having values greater than 1.00.
Water-surface, energy, and channel slopes vary considerably for each flood. Energy slope always was less than water-surface slope by values of 1–104%. Channel slope was greater than energy slope in eight floods. Shear stresses ranged between 61 and 855 N m−2, and unit stream power from 212 to 8131 w m−1.
Floods in these small basins produced shear stresses and unit stream powers several hundred times greater than floods in large rivers. Floods on other small streams, with smaller unit discharges, produced greater shear stresses and stream powers. This indicates that the force of a flood is controlled by the depth-slope product, not absolute discharge.
In the twelve watersheds studied, basin relief ranged from 165 to 1280 m, elongation ratios ranged from 0.55 to 0.80, the number of first-order streams (basin magnitude) ranged from 10 to 4297, drainage density ranged from 4.1 to 10.9 km km−2, basin slope ranged from 0.0043 to 0.2486, relief ratio ranged from 0.0097 to 0.34, ruggedness number ranged from 0.69 to 7.17, and first-order channel frequency ranged from 5.1 to 38.6 km−2. Elongation ratios were larger, and drainage density and first-order channel frequency lower, than other small flash-flood prone basins in the United States. These twelve basins have neither the most favorable morphometric characteristics which contribute to flash-flood peaks, nor did the storms causing these flash floods have the greatest short-duration intensities. Maximum flood peaks originate from an optimal combination of basin morphology and physiography, and storm intensity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90102-8","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., 1987, Hydraulics and basin morphometry of the largest flash floods in the conterminous United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 93, no. 3-4, p. 313-338, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90102-8.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"338","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n 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This system is analyzed in cross section with a variable-density groundwater flow and solute transport model on a regional scale. The simulation is difficult, because the coastal aquifer system has a saltwater transition zone that is broadly dispersed near the discharge area, but is very sharply defined inland. Steady-state simulation analysis of the transition zone in the layered basalt aquifer of southern Oahu indicates that a small transverse dispersivity is characteristic of horizontal regional flow. Further, in this system flow is generally parallel to isochlors and steady-state behavior is insensitive to the longitudinal dispersivity. Parameter analysis identifies that only six parameters control the complex hydraulics of the system: horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the basalt aquifer; hydraulic conductivity of the confining \"caprock\" layer; leakance below the caprock; specific yield; and aquifer matrix compressibility. The best-fitting models indicate the horizontal hydraulic conductivity is significantly greater than the vertical hydraulic conductivity. These models give values for specific yield and aquifer compressibility which imply a considerable degree of compressive storage in the water table aquifer.
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