A hydrogeologic framework of the South Fork (SF) Nooksack River Basin in northwestern Washington was developed and hydrologic data were collected to characterize the groundwater-flow system and its interaction with surface‑water features. In addition to domestic, agricultural, and commercial uses of groundwater within the SF Nooksack River Basin, groundwater has the potential to provide ecological benefits by maintaining late-summer streamflows and buffering stream temperatures. Cold-water refugia, created and maintained in part by groundwater, have been identified by water-resource managers as key elements to restore the health and viability of threatened salmonids in the SF Nooksack River. The SF Nooksack River drains a 183-square mile area of the North Cascades and the Puget Lowland underlain by unconsolidated glacial and alluvial sediments deposited over older sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous bedrock. The primary aquifer that interacts with the SF Nooksack River was mapped within unconsolidated glacial outwash and alluvial sediment. The lower extent of this unit is bounded by bedrock and fine-grained, poorly sorted unconsolidated glaciomarine and glaciolacustrine sediments. In places, these deposits overlie and confine an aquifer within older glacial sediments. The extent and thickness of the hydrogeologic units were assembled from mapped geologic units and lithostratigraphic logs of field-inventoried wells. Generalized groundwater-flow directions within the surficial aquifer were interpreted from groundwater levels measured in August 2012; and groundwater seepage gains and losses to the SF Nooksack River were calculated from synoptic streamflow measurements made in the SF Nooksack River and its tributaries in September 2012. A subset of the field-inventoried wells was measured at a monthly interval to determine seasonal fluctuations in groundwater levels during water year 2013. Taken together, these data provide the foundation for a future groundwater-flow model of the SF Nooksack River Basin that may be used to investigate the potential effects of future climate change, land use, and groundwater pumping on water resources in the study area. Site-specific hydrologic data, including time series of longitudinal temperature profiles measured with a fiber-optic distributed temperature sensor and continuous monitoring of stream stage and water levels measured in wells in adjacent wetlands and aquifers, also were measured to characterize the interaction among the SF Nooksack River, surficial aquifers, and riparian wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nooksack Indian Tribe","usgsCitation":"Gendaszek, A.S., 2014, Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater/surface-water interactions of the South Fork Nooksack River Basin, northwestern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5221, Report: vi, 36 p.; 2 Plates: 20.04 x 14.65 inches and 29.76 x 15 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145221.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; 2 Plates: 20.04 x 14.65 inches and 29.76 x 15 inches","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059387","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145221.jpg"},{"id":296556,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5221/pdf/sir2014-5221.pdf","size":"5.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296557,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5221/downloads/sir2014-5221_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"1.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296558,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5221/downloads/sir2014-5221_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"1.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296553,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5221/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"South Fork Noooksack River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.640625,\n 48.58932584966972\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 48.09275716032736\n ],\n [\n -120.38818359375,\n 48.09275716032736\n ],\n [\n -120.43212890625,\n 48.58932584966972\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 48.58932584966972\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896eb4e4b027aeab78127e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70133043,"text":"sir20145205 - 2014 - Water quality in Indiana: trends in concentrations of selected nutrients, metals, and ions in streams, 2000-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-10T10:23:15","indexId":"sir20145205","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5205","title":"Water quality in Indiana: trends in concentrations of selected nutrients, metals, and ions in streams, 2000-10","docAbstract":"Water quality in Indiana streams generally improved during the 2000–10 study period, based on trends in selected nutrients, metals, and ions. This study combined water-quality data from the Indiana Fixed Station Monitoring Program (FSMP) with streamflow data from nearby U.S. Geological Survey streamgages. A parametric time-series model, QWTREND, was used to develop streamflow-adjusted constituent concentrations, to adjust for seasonal variance and serial correlation, and to identify trends independent of streamflow-related variability. This study examined 7,345 water samples from 57 FSMP sites for 11 years. Concentration trends were analyzed for 12 constituents—the nutrients nitrate, organic nitrogen, and phosphorus; suspended solids; the metals copper, iron, lead, and zinc; the ions chloride, and sulfate together with hardness as a measure of the calcium carbonate ion; and dissolved solids.
\n\n
Nutrient concentrations in this study generally were too high relative to standards and criteria. The national recommended criteria for the three ecoregions in Indiana were exceeded by more than one-half of the nitrate and most of the phosphorus concentrations. Copper, lead, zinc, chloride, sulfate, and dissolved solids concentrations were in acceptable ranges relative to standards and criteria in more than 97 percent of samples. The two Lake Michigan Basin sites had the highest concentrations and were in a unique statistical group for 10 of the 12 constituents, with concentrations many times higher than the statewide median and higher than the medians of most other basins. The two Ohio River Basin sites had the lowest concentrations and were in a unique statistical group for 6 of the 12 constituents.
\n\n
Statistically significant trends were identified that included 167 downward trends and 83 upward trends. The Kankakee River Basin had the most significant upward trends while the most significant downward trends were in the Whitewater River Basin, the Lake Michigan Basin, and the Patoka River Basin. For most constituents, a majority of sites had significant downward trends. Two streams in the Lake Michigan Basin have shown substantial decreases in most constituents. The West Fork White River near Indianapolis, Indiana, showed increases in nitrate and phosphorus and the Kankakee River Basin showed increases in copper, zinc, chloride, sulfate, and hardness. Upward trends in nutrients were identified at a few sites, but most nutrient trends were downward. Upward trends in metals corresponded with relatively small concentration increases while downward trends involved considerably larger concentration changes. Downward trends in chloride, sulfate, and suspended solids were observed statewide, but upward trends in hardness were observed in the northern half of Indiana.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145205","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management.","usgsCitation":"Risch, M.R., Bunch, A.R., Vecchia, A.V., Martin, J.D., and Baker, N.T., 2014, Water quality in Indiana: trends in concentrations of selected nutrients, metals, and ions in streams, 2000-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5205, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145205.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-054301","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145205.jpg"},{"id":296554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5205/"},{"id":296555,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5205/pdf/sir2014-5205.pdf","size":"20.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -84.57275390625,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -84.66064453125,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 37.666429212090605\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 37.80544394934274\n ],\n [\n -87.78076171875,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 41.83682786072714\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896eb8e4b027aeab78128c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risch, Martin R. 0000-0002-7908-7887 mrrisch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-7887","contributorId":2118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risch","given":"Martin","email":"mrrisch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunch, Aubrey R. 0000-0002-2453-3624 aurbunch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-3624","contributorId":4351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunch","given":"Aubrey","email":"aurbunch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401 avecchia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":1173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"avecchia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70141389,"text":"70141389 - 2014 - Establishing a baseline for regional scale monitoring of eelgrass (Zostera marina) habitat on the lower Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-18T15:04:15","indexId":"70141389","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishing a baseline for regional scale monitoring of eelgrass (Zostera marina) habitat on the lower Alaska Peninsula","docAbstract":"Seagrass meadows, one of the world’s most widespread and productive ecosystems, provide a wide range of services with real economic value. Worldwide declines in the distribution and abundance of seagrasses and increased threats to coastal ecosystems from climate change have prompted a need to acquire baseline data for monitoring and protecting these important habitats. We assessed the distribution and abundance of eelgrass (Zostera marina) along nearly 1200 km of shoreline on the lower Alaska Peninsula, a region of expansive eelgrass meadows whose status and trends are poorly understood. We demonstrate the effectiveness of a multi-scale approach by using Landsat satellite imagery to map the total areal extent of eelgrass while integrating field survey data to improve map accuracy and describe the physical and biological condition of the meadows. Innovative use of proven methods and processing tools was used to address challenges inherent to remote sensing in high latitude, coastal environments. Eelgrass was estimated to cover ~31,000 ha, 91% of submerged aquatic vegetation on the lower Alaska Peninsula, nearly doubling the known spatial extent of eelgrass in the region. Mapping accuracy was 80%–90% for eelgrass distribution at locations containing adequate field survey data for error analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI AG","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.3390/rs61212447","usgsCitation":"Hogrefe, K.R., Ward, D.H., Donnelly, T.F., and Dau, N., 2014, Establishing a baseline for regional scale monitoring of eelgrass (Zostera marina) habitat on the lower Alaska Peninsula: Remote Sensing, v. 6, no. 12, p. 12447-12477, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212447.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"12447","endPage":"12477","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054532","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212447","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WEK4JI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mapping Data of Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Distribution, Alaska and Baja California, Mexico"},{"id":298041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.71826171875,\n 54.54020652089137\n ],\n [\n -163.71826171875,\n 56.15166933290848\n ],\n [\n -160.1971435546875,\n 56.15166933290848\n ],\n [\n -160.1971435546875,\n 54.54020652089137\n ],\n [\n -163.71826171875,\n 54.54020652089137\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e5c5c0e4b02d776a669eb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogrefe, Kyle R. khogrefe@usgs.gov","contributorId":4264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogrefe","given":"Kyle","email":"khogrefe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donnelly, Tyrone F. tfdonnelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"Tyrone","email":"tfdonnelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dau, Niels","contributorId":139333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dau","given":"Niels","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133974,"text":"sir20145218 - 2014 - Water-level changes and change in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, predevelopment to 2013 and 2011-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T16:27:41","indexId":"sir20145218","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-09T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5218","title":"Water-level changes and change in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, predevelopment to 2013 and 2011-13","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer underlies 111.8 million acres (about 175,000 square miles) in parts of eight States—Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Water-level declines began in parts of the High Plains aquifer soon after the beginning of substantial irrigation with groundwater in the aquifer area (about 1950). This report presents water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer from predevelopment (generally before 1950) to 2013 and from 2011 to 2013. The report also presents change in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer from predevelopment to 2013 and from 2011 to 2013.
\nThe methods to calculate area-weighted, average water-level changes; change in water in storage; and total water in storage for this report used geospatial data layers organized as rasters with a cell size of 500 meters by 500 meters, which is an area of about 62 acres. These methods were used to provide a raster dataset of water-level changes for other uses.
\nWater-level changes from predevelopment to 2013, by well, ranged from a rise of 85 feet to a decline of 256 feet. Water-level changes from 2011 to 2013, by well, ranged from a rise of 19 feet to a decline of 44 feet. The area-weighted, average water-level changes in the aquifer were an overall decline of 15.4 feet from predevelopment to 2013, and a decline of 2.1 feet from 2011 to 2013. Total water in storage in the aquifer in 2013 was about 2.92 billion acre-feet, which was a decline of about 266.7 million acre-feet since predevelopment and a decline of 36.0 million acre-feet from 2011 to 2013.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145218","usgsCitation":"McGuire, V.L., 2014, Water-level changes and change in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, predevelopment to 2013 and 2011-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5218, Report: iv, 14 p.; Ersi grid file; ASCII file; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145218.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; Ersi grid file; ASCII file; Metadata","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-060049","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296489,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5218/"},{"id":296491,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/sir2014-5218_hp_wlcpd13g.zip","text":"Ersi grid format"},{"id":296492,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/sir2014-5218_hp_wlcpd13a.zip","text":"ASCII format"},{"id":296490,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5218/pdf/sir2014_5218.pdf","size":"1.47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145218.jpg"},{"id":335989,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir2014-5218_hp_wlcpd13.xml"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"High Plains aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 31.42866311735861\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Groundwater Resources Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54881d56e4b02acb4f0c8c1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Virginia L. 0000-0002-3962-4158 vlmcguir@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Virginia","email":"vlmcguir@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70126552,"text":"sir20105090S - 2014 - Potash: a global overview of evaporate-related potash resources, including spatial databases of deposits, occurrences, and permissive tracts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70126552,"text":"sir20105090S - 2014 - Potash: a global overview of evaporate-related potash resources, including spatial databases of deposits, occurrences, and permissive tracts","indexId":"sir20105090S","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"S","title":"Potash: a global overview of evaporate-related potash resources, including spatial databases of deposits, occurrences, and permissive tracts"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-01T19:10:12.017712","indexId":"sir20105090S","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-09T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"S","title":"Potash: a global overview of evaporate-related potash resources, including spatial databases of deposits, occurrences, and permissive tracts","docAbstract":"Potash is mined worldwide to provide potassium, an essential nutrient for food crops. Evaporite-hosted potash deposits are the largest source of salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form, including potassium chloride, potassium-magnesium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate. Thick sections of evaporitic salt that form laterally continuous strata in sedimentary evaporite basins are the most common host for stratabound and halokinetic potash-bearing salt deposits. Potash-bearing basins may host tens of millions to more than 100 billion metric tons of potassium oxide (K2O). Examples of these deposits include those in the Elk Point Basin in Canada, the Pripyat Basin in Belarus, the Solikamsk Basin in Russia, and the Zechstein Basin in Germany.
\nThis report describes a global, evaporite-related potash deposits and occurrences database and a potash tracts database. Chapter 1 summarizes potash resource history and use. Chapter 2 describes a global potash deposits and occurrences database, which contains more than 900 site records. Chapter 3 describes a potash tracts database, which contains 84 tracts with geology permissive for the presence of evaporite-hosted potash resources, including areas with active evaporite-related potash production, areas with known mineralization that has not been quantified or exploited, and areas with potential for undiscovered potash resources. Chapter 4 describes geographic information system (GIS) data files that include (1) potash deposits and occurrences data, (2) potash tract data, (3) reference databases for potash deposit and tract data, and (4) representative graphics of geologic features related to potash tracts and deposits. Summary descriptive models for stratabound potash-bearing salt and halokinetic potash-bearing salt are included in appendixes A and B, respectively. A glossary of salt- and potash-related terms is contained in appendix C and a list of database abbreviations is given in appendix D. Appendix E describes GIS data files, and appendix F is a guide to using the geodatabase.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090S","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Saskatchewan Geological Survey, the Polish Geological Institute, the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, the Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschften und Rohstoffe, and the Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia.","usgsCitation":"Orris, G.J., Cocker, M.D., Dunlap, P., Wynn, J.C., Spanski, G.T., Briggs, D.A., Gass, L., Bliss, J.D., Bolm, K.S., Yang, C., Lipin, B.R., Ludington, S., Miller, R.J., and Slowakiewicz, M., 2014, Potash: a global overview of evaporate-related potash resources, including spatial databases of deposits, occurrences, and permissive tracts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090, Report: vi, 76 p.; Readme; 3 GIS Packages, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090S.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 76 p.; Readme; 3 GIS Packages","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026566","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20105090s.gif"},{"id":301211,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/s/"},{"id":296497,"rank":5,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/s/PotashXL.zip","text":"GIS Package","size":"600 kB","linkHelpText":"Contains: database in Excel format."},{"id":296495,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/s/PotashGIS.zip","text":"GIS Package","size":"75 MB","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database in Arc GIS format"},{"id":296494,"rank":2,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/s/1_readme.txt","size":"16 kB"},{"id":296493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/s/pdf/sir2010-5090-S.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296496,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/s/PotashKML.zip","text":"GIS Package","size":"6 MB","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database in KML format."}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter S in Global mineral resource assessment. 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Laser pulses from these systems frequently are absorbed by water and therefore do not generate reflected returns on water bodies in the resulting void regions within the lidar point cloud. Thus, an analysis of lidar voids has implications for identifying water bodies. Data analysis techniques to detect reduced lidar return densities were evaluated for test sites in Blackhawk County, Iowa, and Beltrami County, Minnesota, to delineate contiguous areas that have few or no lidar returns. Results from this study indicated a 5-meter radius moving window with fewer than 23 returns (28 percent of the moving window) was sufficient for delineating void regions. Techniques to provide elevation values for void regions to flatten water features and to force channel flow in the downstream direction also are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145191","usgsCitation":"Worstell, B.B., Poppenga, S.K., Evans, G.A., and Prince, S., 2014, Lidar point density analysis: implications for identifying water bodies: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5191, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145191.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045281","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145191.jpg"},{"id":296487,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5191/pdf/sir2014-5191.pdf"},{"id":296478,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5191/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54881d2ae4b02acb4f0c8c12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worstell, Bruce B. 0000-0001-8927-3336 worstell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":1815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"Bruce","email":"worstell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppenga, Sandra K. 0000-0002-2846-6836 spoppenga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-6836","contributorId":3327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppenga","given":"Sandra","email":"spoppenga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Gayla A. 0000-0001-5072-4232 gevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-4232","contributorId":3125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Gayla","email":"gevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prince, Sandra sprince@usgs.gov","contributorId":5191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"Sandra","email":"sprince@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":526680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70169995,"text":"70169995 - 2014 - Mercury and halogens in coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:25:14.136766","indexId":"70169995","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-05T07:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Mercury and halogens in coal","docAbstract":"Apart from mercury itself, coal rank and halogen content are among the most important factors inherent in coal that determine the proportion of mercury captured by conventional controls during coal combustion. This chapter reviews how mercury in coal occurs, gives available concentration data for mercury in U.S. and international commercial coals, and provides an overview of the natural variation in halogens that influence mercury capture. Three databases, the U.S. Geological Survey coal quality (USGS COALQUAL) database for in-ground coals, and the 1999 and 2010 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Information Collection Request (ICR) databases for coals delivered to power stations, provide extensive results for mercury and other parameters that are compared in this chapter. In addition to the United States, detailed characterization of mercury is available on a nationwide basis for China, whose mean values in recent compilations are very similar to the United States in-ground mean of 0.17 ppm mercury. Available data for the next five largest producers (India, Australia, South Africa, the Russian Federation, and Indonesia) are more limited and with the possible exceptions of Australia and the Russian Federation, do not allow nationwide means for mercury in coal to be calculated. Chlorine in coal varies as a function of rank and correspondingly, depth of burial. As discussed elsewhere in this volume, on a proportional basis, bromine is more effective than chlorine in promoting mercury oxidation in flue gas and capture by conventional controls. The ratio of bromine to chlorine in coal is indicative of the proportion of halogens present in formation waters within a coal basin. This ratio is relatively constant except in coals that have interacted with deep-basin brines that have reached halite saturation, enriching residual fluids in bromine. Results presented here help optimize mercury capture by conventional controls and provide a starting point for implementation of mercury-specific controls discussed elsewhere in this volume.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mercury control: For coal-derived gas streams","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-VCH","publisherLocation":"Weinhem, Germany","doi":"10.1002/9783527658787.ch2","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., and Quick, J.C., 2014, Mercury and halogens in coal, chap. 2 of Mercury control: For coal-derived gas streams, p. 13-44, https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527658787.ch2.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037036","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570e1c34e4b0ef3b7ca24c37","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Granite, Evan J.","contributorId":168580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granite","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626585,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pennline, Henry W.","contributorId":168581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pennline","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626586,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senior, Constance L.","contributorId":131002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senior","given":"Constance","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7205,"text":"ADA-ES, Inc. Littleton, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626587,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quick, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":168408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quick","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70129336,"text":"ofr20141216 - 2014 - Fluvial sediment fingerprinting: literature review and annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:06:58","indexId":"ofr20141216","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-04T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1216","title":"Fluvial sediment fingerprinting: literature review and annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has evaluated and adopted various field methods for collecting real-time sediment and nutrient data. These methods have proven to be valuable representations of sediment and nutrient concentrations and loads but are not able to accurately identify specific source areas. Recently, more advanced data collection and analysis techniques have been evaluated that show promise in identifying specific source areas. Application of field methods could include studies of sources of fluvial sediment, otherwise referred to as sediment “fingerprinting.” The identification of sediment is important, in part, because knowing the primary sediment source areas in watersheds ensures that best management practices are incorporated in areas that maximize reductions in sediment loadings. This report provides a literature review and annotated bibliography of existing methodologies applied in the field of fluvial sediment fingerprinting. This literature review provides a bibliography of publications where sediment fingerprinting methods have been used; however, this report is not assumed to provide an exhaustive listing. Selected publications were categorized by methodology with some additional summary information. The information contained in the summary may help researchers select methods better suited to their particular study or study area, and identify methods in need of more testing and application.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141216","usgsCitation":"Williamson, J., Haj, A.E., Stamm, J., Valder, J., and Prautzch, V.L., 2014, Fluvial sediment fingerprinting: literature review and annotated bibliography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1216, Report: iii, 8 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141216.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 8 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059427","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141216.jpg"},{"id":296448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1216/"},{"id":296449,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1216/pdf/ofr2014-1216.pdf","size":"336 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296450,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1216/Sediment_fingerprinting_references.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"36 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548185afe4b0aa6d778520d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williamson, Joyce E. jewillia@usgs.gov","contributorId":1964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Joyce E.","email":"jewillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haj, Adel E. 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Organic matter is a significant contributor to the decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations observed in Fanno Creek each year and leaf litter is amongst the largest sources of organic matter to the stream channel and floodplain. Using a combination of field measurements and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data, the annual foliar biomass was estimated for 13 stream reaches along the creek. Biomass estimates were divided into two sets: (1) the annual foliage available from the entire floodplain overstory canopy, and (2) the annual foliage overhanging the stream, which likely contributes leaf litter directly to the creek each year. Based on these computations, an estimated 991 (±22%) metric tons (tonnes, t) of foliar biomass is produced annually above the floodplain, with about 136 t (±24%) of that foliage falling directly into Fanno Creek. The distribution of foliar biomass varies by reach, with between 150 and 640 t/km2 produced along the floodplain and between 400 and 1100 t/km2 available over the channel. Biomass estimates vary by reach based primarily on the density of tree cover, with forest-dominant reaches containing more mature deciduous trees with broader tree canopies than either wetland or urban-dominant reaches, thus supplying more organic material to the creek. By quantifying the foliar biomass along Fanno Creek we have provided a reach-scale assessment of terrestrial organic matter loading, thereby providing land managers useful information for planning future restoration efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.054","collaboration":"Clean Water Services","usgsCitation":"Sobieszczyk, S., Keith, M., Rounds, S.A., and Goldman, J.H., 2014, Investigating organic matter in Fanno Creek, Oregon, Part 1 of 3: estimating annual foliar biomass for a deciduous-dominant urban riparian corridor: Journal of Hydrology, v. 519, no. Part D, p. 3001-3009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.054.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3001","endPage":"3009","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048957","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Fanno Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.84122467041016,\n 45.38084899931206\n ],\n [\n -122.84122467041016,\n 45.44158533930242\n ],\n [\n -122.76432037353516,\n 45.44158533930242\n ],\n [\n -122.76432037353516,\n 45.38084899931206\n ],\n [\n -122.84122467041016,\n 45.38084899931206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"519","issue":"Part D","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548185b0e4b0aa6d778520d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sobieszczyk, Steven 0000-0002-0834-8437 ssobie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-8437","contributorId":885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"Steven","email":"ssobie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K. mkeith@usgs.gov","contributorId":4140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","email":"mkeith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldman, Jami H. 0000-0001-5466-912X jgoldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5466-912X","contributorId":4848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Jami","email":"jgoldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70134510,"text":"ofr20141203 - 2014 - Maps showing bathymetry and modern sediment thickness on the inner continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York, pre-Hurricane Sandy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-04T09:59:13","indexId":"ofr20141203","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-04T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1203","title":"Maps showing bathymetry and modern sediment thickness on the inner continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York, pre-Hurricane Sandy","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey mapped approximately 336 square kilometers of the lower shoreface and inner continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York, in 2011 by using interferometric sonar and high-resolution chirp seismic-reflection systems. This report presents maps of bathymetry, acoustic backscatter, the coastal plain unconformity, the Holocene marine transgressive surface, and modern sediment thickness. These spatial data support research on the Quaternary evolution of the Fire Island coastal system and provide baseline information for research on coastal processes along southern Long Island.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141203","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Denny, J.F., and Baldwin, W.E., 2014, Maps showing bathymetry and modern sediment thickness on the inner continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York, pre-Hurricane Sandy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1203, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141203.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057128","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141203.jpg"},{"id":296408,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1203/"},{"id":296428,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1203/ofr2014-1203-title_page.html","size":"130 KB","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 18N","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.32824707031249,\n 40.63896734381723\n ],\n [\n -72.77206420898438,\n 40.775341832372696\n ],\n [\n -72.7130126953125,\n 40.626982205446545\n ],\n [\n -73.2733154296875,\n 40.50335790374529\n ],\n [\n -73.32824707031249,\n 40.63896734381723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548185b0e4b0aa6d778520dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denny, Jane F. 0000-0002-3472-618X jdenny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-618X","contributorId":418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Jane","email":"jdenny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, Wayne E. 0000-0001-5886-0917 wbaldwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-0917","contributorId":1321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Wayne","email":"wbaldwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70131497,"text":"70131497 - 2014 - Gravity changes and deformation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, associated with summit eruptive activity, 2009-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T13:28:32","indexId":"70131497","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-03T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity changes and deformation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, associated with summit eruptive activity, 2009-2012","docAbstract":"Analysis of microgravity and surface displacement data collected at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii (USA), between December 2009 and November 2012 suggests a net mass accumulation at ~1.5 km depth beneath the northeast margin of Halema‘uma‘u Crater, within Kīlauea Caldera. Although residual gravity increases and decreases are accompanied by periods of uplift and subsidence of the surface, respectively, the volume change inferred from the modeling of interferometric synthetic aperture radar deformation data can account for only a small portion (as low as 8%) of the mass addition responsible for the gravity increase. We propose that since the opening of a new eruptive vent at the summit of Kīlauea in 2008, magma rising to the surface of the lava lake outgasses, becomes denser, and sinks to deeper levels, replacing less dense gas-rich magma stored in the Halema‘uma‘u magma reservoir. In fact, a relatively small density increase (<200 kg m−3) of a portion of the reservoir can produce the positive residual gravity change measured during the period with the largest mass increase, between March 2011 and November 2012. Other mechanisms may also play a role in the gravity increase without producing significant uplift of the surface, including compressibility of magma, formation of olivine cumulates, and filling of void space by magma. The rate of gravity increase, higher than during previous decades, varies through time and seems to be directly correlated with the volcanic activity occurring at both the summit and the east rift zone of the volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011506","usgsCitation":"Bagnardi, M., Poland, M., Carbone, D., Baker, S., Battaglia, M., and Amelung, F., 2014, Gravity changes and deformation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, associated with summit eruptive activity, 2009-2012: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 119, no. 9, p. 7288-7305, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011506.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"7288","endPage":"7305","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052892","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472589,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011506","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.29449462890622,\n 19.43616185591159\n ],\n [\n -155.2333831787109,\n 19.439399401246273\n ],\n [\n -155.2333831787109,\n 19.406373411096297\n ],\n [\n -155.291748046875,\n 19.40443049681278\n ],\n [\n -155.29449462890622,\n 19.43616185591159\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54802619e4b0ac64d148dcd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bagnardi, Marco","contributorId":124560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bagnardi","given":"Marco","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carbone, Daniele","contributorId":124561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carbone","given":"Daniele","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5113,"text":"INGV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baker, Scott","contributorId":124562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5114,"text":"UNAVCO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio mbattaglia@usgs.gov","contributorId":2526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","email":"mbattaglia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amelung, Falk","contributorId":124563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amelung","given":"Falk","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70134575,"text":"70134575 - 2014 - Occupancy of yellow-billed and Pacific loons: evidence for interspecific competition and habitat mediated co-occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-03T16:16:55","indexId":"70134575","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-03T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occupancy of yellow-billed and Pacific loons: evidence for interspecific competition and habitat mediated co-occurrence","docAbstract":"Interspecific competition is an important process structuring ecological communities, however, it is difficult to observe in nature. We used an occupancy modelling approach to evaluate evidence of competition between yellow-billed (Gavia adamsii) and Pacific (G. pacifica) loons for nesting lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska. With multiple years of data and survey platforms, we estimated dynamic occupancy states (e.g. rates of colonization or extinction from individual lakes) and controlled for detection differences among aircraft platforms and ground survey crews. Results indicated that yellow-billed loons were strong competitors and negatively influenced the occupancy of Pacific loons by excluding them from potential breeding lakes. Pacific loon occupancy was conditional on the presence of yellow-billed loons, with Pacific loons having almost a tenfold decrease in occupancy probability when yellow-billed loons were present and a threefold decrease in colonization probability when yellow-billed loons were present in the current or previous year. Yellow-billed and Pacific loons co-occurred less than expected by chance except on very large lakes or lakes with convoluted shorelines; variables which may decrease the cost of maintaining a territory in the presence of the other species. These results imply the existence of interspecific competition between yellow-billed and Pacific loons for nesting lakes; however, habitat characteristics which facilitate visual and spatial separation of territories can reduce competitive interactions and promote species co-occurrence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jav.00394","usgsCitation":"Haynes, T.B., Schmutz, J.A., Lindberg, M., Wright, K., Uher-Koch, B.D., and Rosenberger, A.E., 2014, Occupancy of yellow-billed and Pacific loons: evidence for interspecific competition and habitat mediated co-occurrence: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 45, no. 3, p. 296-304, https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.00394.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"304","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053023","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296412,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.328125,\n 71.63599288330606\n ],\n [\n -141.6796875,\n 58.81374171570782\n ],\n [\n -178.2421875,\n 50.62507306341435\n ],\n [\n -165.76171875,\n 71.69129271863999\n ],\n [\n -141.328125,\n 71.63599288330606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5480261be4b0ac64d148dcda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haynes, Trevor B.","contributorId":100302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haynes","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":89466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, Kenneth G.","contributorId":127672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Kenneth G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Uher-Koch, Brian D. 0000-0002-1885-0260 buher-koch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-0260","contributorId":5117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uher-Koch","given":"Brian","email":"buher-koch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenberger, Amanda E. 0000-0002-5520-8349 arosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-8349","contributorId":5581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Amanda","email":"arosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70134600,"text":"70134600 - 2014 - Size and retention of breeding territories of yellow-billed loons in Alaska and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-03T12:01:33","indexId":"70134600","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-03T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size and retention of breeding territories of yellow-billed loons in Alaska and Canada","docAbstract":"Yellow-billed Loons (Gavia adamsii) breed in lakes in the treeless Arctic and are globally rare. Like their sister taxa, the well-documented Common Loon (G. immer) of the boreal forest, Yellow-billed Loons exhibit strong territorial behavior during the breeding season. Little is known about what size territories are required, however, or how readily territories are retained from year to year. An understanding of territory dynamics and size is needed by management agencies as most of the U.S. breeding population of Yellow-billed Loons resides in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska where oil and gas development is expected to increase in the next few decades. Using locational data from a set of Yellow-billed Loons marked with satellite transmitters, we quantified an index of territory radius for each of three breeding populations: two in Alaska and one in Canada. The mean territory radius was 0.42 km for Yellow-billed Loons summering on lakes within the Seward Peninsula in northwest Alaska, 0.69 km for Yellow-billed Loons within the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska (encompasses the National Petroleum Reserve), and 0.96 km for Yellow-billed Loons within Daring Lake in mainland Canada. In this study, the mean territory radius on the Arctic Coastal Plain was about half the distance identified in stipulations for industrial development in the National Petroleum Reserve. The range in territory size among areas corresponded to a gradient in size of lakes used by Yellow-billed Loons with territories at the two Alaska sites on lakes averaging < 200 ha while territories in Canada were generally on much larger lakes. In the year after capture, 71% of Yellow-billed Loons retained territories that were held the previous year. Most Yellow-billed Loons that lost their territories wandered over a large area within 6 km of their prior territory. No Yellow-billed Loons occupied new territories, though one reacquired its prior territory after a 1-year hiatus. Retention of a territory in a subsequent year was positively related to early arrival dates at the breeding site. For Yellow-billed Loons on the Arctic Coastal Plain, this relationship was quite strong with a week lag in arrival decreasing the probability of retaining a territory by 80%. These collective observations, in combination with theoretical studies of population regulation by floaters (non-territorial birds), suggest that lake habitat suitable for breeding Yellow-billed Loons may currently limit population size in this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.037.sp108","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., Wright, K., DeSorbo, C.R., Fair, J., Evers, D.C., Uher-Koch, B.D., and Mulcahy, D.M., 2014, Size and retention of breeding territories of yellow-billed loons in Alaska and Canada: Waterbirds, v. 37, no. 1, p. 53-63, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.037.sp108.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045992","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.328125,\n 71.63599288330606\n ],\n [\n -141.6796875,\n 58.81374171570782\n ],\n [\n -178.2421875,\n 50.62507306341435\n ],\n [\n -165.76171875,\n 71.69129271863999\n ],\n [\n -141.328125,\n 71.63599288330606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.90625,\n 66.23145747862573\n ],\n [\n -109.6875,\n 66.26685631430843\n ],\n [\n -109.423828125,\n 63.97596090918338\n ],\n [\n -113.99414062499999,\n 64.24459476798192\n ],\n [\n -113.90625,\n 66.23145747862573\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5480261ce4b0ac64d148dcde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Kenneth G.","contributorId":127672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Kenneth G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeSorbo, Christopher R.","contributorId":127667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeSorbo","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fair, Jeff","contributorId":127668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fair","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evers, David C.","contributorId":96160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evers","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Uher-Koch, Brian D. 0000-0002-1885-0260 buher-koch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-0260","contributorId":5117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uher-Koch","given":"Brian","email":"buher-koch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70134588,"text":"70134588 - 2014 - Factors influencing immediate post-release survival of spectacled eiders following surgical implantation of transmitters with percutaneous antennae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-03T09:36:45","indexId":"70134588","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-03T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing immediate post-release survival of spectacled eiders following surgical implantation of transmitters with percutaneous antennae","docAbstract":"Surgically implanted transmitters are a common method for tracking animal movements. Immediately following surgical implantation, animals pass through a critical recovery phase when behaviors may deviate from normal and the likelihood of individual survival may be reduced. Therefore, data collected during this period may be censored to minimize bias introduced by surgery-related behaviors or mortality. However, immediate post-release mortalities negate a sampling effort and reduce the amount of data potentially collected after the censoring period. Wildlife biologists should employ methods to support an animal’s survival through this period, but factors contributing to immediate post-release survival have not been formally assessed. We evaluated factors that potentially influenced the immediate post-release survival of 56 spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri) marked with coelomically implanted satellite transmitters with percutaneous antennae in northern Alaska in 2010 and 2011. We modeled survival through the first 14 days following release and assessed the relative importance and effect of 15 covariates hypothesized to influence survival during this immediate post-release period. Estimated daily survival rate increased over the duration of the immediate post-release period; the probability of mortality was greatest within the first 5 days following release. Our top-ranking model included the effect of 2 blood analytes, pH and hematocrit, measured prior to surgical implantation of a transmitter. We found a positive response to pH; eiders exhibiting acidemia (low pH) prior to surgery were less likely to survive the immediate post-release period. We found a curvilinear response to hematocrit; eiders exhibiting extremely low or high pre-surgery hematocrit were also less likely to survive the immediate post-release period. In the interest of maximizing the survival of marked birds following release, hematological data obtained prior to surgical implantation of telemetry equipment may be useful when screening for optimal surgical candidates or informing appropriate response to mitigate potentially deleterious disorders such as acidemia.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.690","usgsCitation":"Sexson, M.G., Mulcahy, D.M., Spriggs, M., and Myers, G.E., 2014, Factors influencing immediate post-release survival of spectacled eiders following surgical implantation of transmitters with percutaneous antennae: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 3, p. 550-560, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.690.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"550","endPage":"560","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052757","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HBK6P0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on Blood Analytes and Post-Release Survival in Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri), Northern Alaska, 2010-2011"},{"id":296402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54802617e4b0ac64d148dcce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sexson, Matthew G. 0000-0002-1078-0835 msexson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-0835","contributorId":5544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexson","given":"Matthew","email":"msexson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spriggs, Maria","contributorId":127662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spriggs","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Myers, Gwen E.","contributorId":89336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myers","given":"Gwen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133479,"text":"ofr20131024H - 2014 - Gravity survey and interpretation of Fort Irwin and vicinity, Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70133479,"text":"ofr20131024H - 2014 - Gravity survey and interpretation of Fort Irwin and vicinity, Mojave Desert, California","indexId":"ofr20131024H","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","displayTitle":"Gravity Survey and Interpretation of Fort Irwin and Vicinity, Mojave Desert, California","title":"Gravity survey and interpretation of Fort Irwin and vicinity, Mojave Desert, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T12:13:19","indexId":"ofr20131024H","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-02T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1024","chapter":"H","displayTitle":"Gravity Survey and Interpretation of Fort Irwin and Vicinity, Mojave Desert, California","title":"Gravity survey and interpretation of Fort Irwin and vicinity, Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"In support of a hydrogeologic study of the groundwater resources on Fort Irwin, we have combined new gravity data with preexisting measurements to produce an isostatic residual gravity map, which we then separated into two components reflecting (1) the density distribution in the pre-Cenozoic basement complex and (2) the distribution of low-density Cenozoic volcanic and sedimentary deposits that lie on top of the basement complex. The second component was inverted to estimate the three-dimensional distribution of Cenozoic deposits by using constraints from geology, drillholes, and time-domain electromagnetic soundings. In most of the base, the Cenozoic deposits are no more than 300 m thick, except in the basins with more than 500 m of fill beneath Coyote Lake, Red Pass Lake, west of Nelson Lake, west of Superior Lake, Bicycle Lake, and in the vicinity of Nelson Lake.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024H","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Jachens, R.C., and Langenheim, V.E., 2014, Gravity survey and interpretation of Fort Irwin and vicinity, Mojave Desert, California, chap. H of Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1024, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024H.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042838","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296357,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/h/downloads/ofr2013-1024_h.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296358,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/h/downloads/downloads.zip","text":"Supplemental Data","size":"2.6 MB"},{"id":296359,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/h/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":360263,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/h/readme.txt","size":"5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","city":"Fort Irwin","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
Geologic and geophysical investigations in the vicinity of Fort Irwin National Training Center, California, have been completed in support of groundwater investigations, and are presented in eight chapters of this report. A generalized surficial geologic map along with field and borehole investigations conducted during 2010–11 provide a lithostratigraphic and structural framework for the area during the Cenozoic. Electromagnetic properties of resistivity were measured in the laboratory on hand and core samples, and compared to borehole geophysical resistivity data. These data were used in conjunction with ground-based time-domain and airborne data and interpretations to provide a framework for the shallow lithologic units and structure. Gravity and aeromagnetic maps cover areas ~4 to 5 times that of Fort Irwin. Each chapter includes hydrogeologic applications of the data or model results.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Buesch, D.C., 2014, Introduction to the geologic and geophysical studies of Fort Irwin, California, chap. A of Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1024, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024A.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 8 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059381","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296356,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/a/downloads/ofr2013-1024-a.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/a/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","city":"Fort Irwin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.70870780944823,\n 35.26944846740116\n ],\n [\n -116.7092227935791,\n 35.23966065628306\n ],\n [\n -116.66810989379881,\n 35.25276864179296\n ],\n [\n -116.66939735412596,\n 35.27575506983386\n ],\n [\n -116.70690536499022,\n 35.27470400352624\n ],\n [\n -116.70870780944823,\n 35.26944846740116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
This document provides the detailed requirements for producing, archiving, and disseminating a comprehensive digital collection of topographic maps for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Historical Topographic Map Collection (HTMC). The HTMC is a digital archive of about 190,000 printed topographic maps published by the USGS from the inception of the topographic mapping program in 1884 until the last paper topographic map using lithographic printing technology was published in 2006. The HTMC provides a comprehensive digital repository of all scales and all editions of USGS printed topographic maps that is easily discovered, browsed, and downloaded by the public at no cost. The HTMC provides ready access to maps that are no longer available for distribution in print. A digital file representing the original paper historical topographic map is produced for each historical map in the HTMC in georeferenced PDF (GeoPDF) format (a portable document format [PDF] with a geospatial extension).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section B: U.S. Geological Survey Standards in Book 11 Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm11B6","collaboration":"National Geospatial Program. This report is Chapter 6 of Section B: U.S. Geological Survey Standards in Book 11 Collection and Delineation of Spatial Data","usgsCitation":"Allord, G.J., Walter, J.L., Fishburn, K.A., and Shea, G.A., 2014, Specification for the U.S. Geological Survey Historical Topographic Map Collection: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11-B6, ix, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11B6.","productDescription":"ix, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055231","costCenters":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm11b6.jpg"},{"id":296350,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11b6/pdf/tm11-b6.pdf","size":"13.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296329,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11b6/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ed4a5e4b09357f05f8a2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allord, Gregory J. gjallord@usgs.gov","contributorId":2714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allord","given":"Gregory","email":"gjallord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walter, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8183-5015 jlwalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8183-5015","contributorId":5217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlwalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fishburn, Kristin A. 0000-0002-7825-556X kafishburn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7825-556X","contributorId":4654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishburn","given":"Kristin","email":"kafishburn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shea, Gale A.","contributorId":127643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shea","given":"Gale","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133886,"text":"ofr20131024I - 2014 - Aeromagnetic data, processing, and maps of Fort Irwin and vicinity, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70133886,"text":"ofr20131024I - 2014 - Aeromagnetic data, processing, and maps of Fort Irwin and vicinity, California","indexId":"ofr20131024I","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","displayTitle":"Aeromagnetic Data, Processing, and Maps of Fort Irwin and Vicinity, California","title":"Aeromagnetic data, processing, and maps of Fort Irwin and vicinity, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T12:16:04","indexId":"ofr20131024I","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-02T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1024","chapter":"I","displayTitle":"Aeromagnetic Data, Processing, and Maps of Fort Irwin and Vicinity, California","title":"Aeromagnetic data, processing, and maps of Fort Irwin and vicinity, California","docAbstract":"Aeromagnetic data help provide the underpinnings of a hydrogeologic framework for Fort Irwin by locating inferred structural features or grain that influence groundwater flow. Magnetization boundaries defined by horizontal-gradient analyses coincide locally with Cenozoic faults and can be used to extend these faults beneath cover. These boundaries also highlight the structural grain within the crystalline rocks and may serve as a proxy for fracturing, an important source of permeability within the generally impermeable basement rocks, thus mapping potential groundwater pathways through and along the mountain ranges in the study area.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024I","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V.E., and Jachens, R.C., 2014, Aeromagnetic data, processing, and maps of Fort Irwin and vicinity, California, chap. I of Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1024, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024I.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 18 p,; Supplemental Data","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-039182","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/i/downloads/downloads.zip","text":"Supplemental Data","size":"42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":296364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/i/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":296362,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/i/downloads/ofr2013-1024_i.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","city":"Fort Irwin","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
As part of the Barrier Island Evolution Research project, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center collected sediment samples from the northern Chandeleur Islands in July 2013. The overall objective of this project, which integrates geophysical (bathymetric, seismic, and topographic) and sedimentologic data, is to better understand the depositional and erosional processes that drive the morphologic evolution of barrier islands over annual to interannual timescales (1 to 5 years). Between June 2010 and April 2011, in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the State of Louisiana constructed a sand berm extending more than 14 kilometers along the northern Chandeleur Islands platform. The construction of the berm provided a unique opportunity to investigate how this new sediment source will interact with and affect the morphologic evolution of the barrier-island system. Data collected from this study will be used to describe differences in the physical characteristics and spatial distribution of sediments both along the axis of the berm and also along transects across the berm and onto the adjacent barrier island. Comparison of these data with data from previous sampling efforts will provide information about sediment interactions and movement between the berm and the natural island platform, improving our understanding of short-term morphologic change and processes in this barrier-island system.
\nThis data series serves as an archive of sediment data collected in July 2013 from the Chandeleur Islands sand berm and adjacent barrier-island environments. Data products include descriptive core logs, core photographs and x-radiographs, results of sediment grain-size analyses, sample location maps, and Geographic Information System data files with accompanying formal Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds894","usgsCitation":"Buster, N.A., Kelso, K.W., Bernier, J., Flocks, J.G., Miselis, J.L., and DeWitt, N.T., 2014, Sediment data collected in 2013 from the northern Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana (Originally posted December 1, 2014; Version 1.1: February 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 894, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds894.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057602","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds894.jpg"},{"id":296333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0894/"},{"id":316586,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0894/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":296343,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0894/ds894_abstract.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Chandeleur Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 29.84481304803599\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 30.01440897324891\n ],\n [\n -88.75373840332031,\n 30.01440897324891\n ],\n [\n -88.75373840332031,\n 29.84481304803599\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 29.84481304803599\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Originally posted December 1, 2014; Version 1.1: February 2016","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 Fourth Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a database containing information about wells, surface-water intakes, and distribution systems that are part of public water systems across the United States, its territories, and possessions. Programs of the USGS such as the National Water Census, the National Water Use Information Program, and the National Water-Quality Assessment Program all require a complete and current inventory of public water systems, the sources of water used by those systems, and the size of populations served by the systems across the Nation. Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) database already exists as the primary national Federal database for information on public water systems, the Public-Supply Database (PSDB) was developed to add value to SDWIS data with enhanced location and ancillary information, and to provide links to other databases, including the USGS’s National Water Information System (NWIS) database.
\nThe purpose of this report is to document the PSDB and explain the methods used to populate and update the data from the SDWIS, State datasets, and map and geospatial imagery. This report describes 3 data tables and 11 domain tables, including field contents, data sources, and relations between tables. Although the PSDB database is not available to the general public, this information should be useful for others who are developing other database systems to store and analyze public-supply system and facility data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141212","usgsCitation":"Price, C.V., and Maupin, M.A., 2014, Documentation for the U.S. Geological Survey Public-Supply Database (PSDB): A database of permitted public-supply wells, surface-water intakes, and systems in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1212, v, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141212.","productDescription":"v, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054109","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141212.jpg"},{"id":296332,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1212/"},{"id":296348,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1212/pdf/of2014-1212.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ed4a1e4b09357f05f8a1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maupin, Molly A. 0000-0002-2695-5505 mamaupin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-5505","contributorId":951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maupin","given":"Molly","email":"mamaupin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70128630,"text":"fs20143080 - 2014 - Water resources of Vermilion Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-02T09:20:07","indexId":"fs20143080","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-02T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3080","title":"Water resources of Vermilion Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-supply management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for stewardship of this vital resource. Information on the availability, past and current use, use trends, and water quality from groundwater and surface-water sources in the parish is presented. Previously published reports and data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) are the primary sources of the information presented here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143080","collaboration":"Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L.B., and White, V.E., 2014, Water resources of Vermilion Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3080, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143080.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057861","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143080.jpg"},{"id":296341,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3080/pdf/fs2014-3080.pdf"},{"id":296327,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3080/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Vermilion Parish","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.61337280273438,\n 29.513720234908057\n ],\n [\n -92.61337280273438,\n 30.20567424070585\n ],\n [\n -91.91986083984375,\n 30.20567424070585\n ],\n [\n -91.91986083984375,\n 29.513720234908057\n ],\n [\n -92.61337280273438,\n 29.513720234908057\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ed4a9e4b09357f05f8a2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B. lprakken@usgs.gov","contributorId":2319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence","email":"lprakken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Vincent E. 0000-0002-1660-0102 vwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-0102","contributorId":5388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Vincent","email":"vwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70125305,"text":"sir20145181 - 2014 - Estimates of groundwater recharge rates and sources in the East Mountain area, Eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, 2005-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-02T09:29:33","indexId":"sir20145181","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-02T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5181","title":"Estimates of groundwater recharge rates and sources in the East Mountain area, Eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, 2005-12","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bernalillo County Public Works Division, has conducted a monitoring program in the East Mountain area of eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, since 2000 to better define the hydrogeologic characteristics of the East Mountain area and to provide scientific information that will assist in the sustainable management of water resources. This report presents estimates of groundwater recharge to the aquifers that supply water to a network of springs that discharged within the East Mountain area of eastern Bernalillo County during 2005–12. Chloride concentration, the mass ratio of chloride to bromide, and the stable isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen were used to estimate annual groundwater recharge rates and to identify the sources and timing of recharge to the aquifers in the East Mountain area. Groundwater recharge rates were estimated by using a chloride mass-balance (CMB) method applied to data from selected springs located in the study area.
\nEleven springs and four downgradient monitoring wells were sampled for this study. On the basis of chloride concentrations and the mass ratio of chloride to bromide, eight of the eleven sampled springs are considered representative of dilute groundwater recharged by meteoric water in the Sandia Mountains. Eight of the eleven springs sampled as part of this investigation are considered representative of dilute groundwater not influenced by nonmeteoric chloride sources on the basis of analysis of chloride concentrations and the mass ratio of chloride to bromide. Chloride concentrations at three of the sampled springs were likely affected by nonmeteoric chloride sources.
\nResults of CMB calculations for the eight springs with Cl:Br ratios and chloride concentrations within the range of dilute groundwater (not influenced by nonmeteoric chloride sources) indicated that between about 5.5 and 23 percent of annual precipitation recharges the groundwater system. The variation in estimated recharge rates indicated that the mechanisms for recharge and groundwater movement in the East Mountain area are complex and that factors such as climate variability, the extent and interconnection of structural features such as faults and fractures, and potential solution enhancement of the aquifers all play important roles in the rates and timing of recharge.
\nStable isotope data from springs and snowpacks sampled in the East Mountain area were compared with local, regional, and global meteoric water lines and were analyzed along with values representing the stable isotope composition of winter precipitation and summer monsoonal rains. Results of the stable isotope analysis from springs in this study suggested that winter precipitation is the primary source of groundwater recharge to the aquifers supplying the springs, but there is a component of more isotopically enriched precipitation being recharged as well, likely from summer monsoonal rains. Specific conductance, groundwater-level hydrographs, snowpack chemistry, and snow-water equivalent data were used to inform the analyses and corroborate the findings of the CMB and stable isotope results.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145181","collaboration":"Bernalillo County Public Works Natural Resource Services","usgsCitation":"Rice, S.E., and Crilley, D.M., 2014, Estimates of groundwater recharge rates and sources in the East Mountain area, Eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, 2005-12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5181, vii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145181.","productDescription":"vii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056751","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145181.jpg"},{"id":296344,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5181/pdf/sir2014-5181.pdf"},{"id":296331,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5181/"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Bernalillo County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.48199462890625,\n 34.57442951865274\n ],\n [\n -107.48199462890625,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -105.8917236328125,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -105.8917236328125,\n 34.57442951865274\n ],\n [\n -107.48199462890625,\n 34.57442951865274\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ed4a1e4b09357f05f8a1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Steven E. srice@usgs.gov","contributorId":5438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Steven","email":"srice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crilley, Dianna M. 0000-0003-0432-5948 dcrilley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-5948","contributorId":3896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crilley","given":"Dianna","email":"dcrilley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70128631,"text":"fs20143074 - 2014 - Water resources of Jefferson Davis Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-02T09:11:27","indexId":"fs20143074","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-02T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3074","title":"Water resources of Jefferson Davis Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in Jefferson Davis Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-supply management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for stewardship of this vital resource. Information on the availability, past and current use, use trends, and water quality from groundwater and surface-water sources in the parish is presented. Previously published reports and data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) are the primary sources of the information presented here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143074","collaboration":"Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"White, V.E., and Prakken, L.B., 2014, Water resources of Jefferson Davis Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3074, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143074.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057862","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143074.jpg"},{"id":296339,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3074/pdf/fs2014-3074.pdf"},{"id":296328,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3074/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Jefferson Davis Parish","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.06655883789062,\n 30.002516938570686\n ],\n [\n -93.06655883789062,\n 30.497201140169295\n ],\n [\n -92.46368408203125,\n 30.497201140169295\n ],\n [\n -92.46368408203125,\n 30.002516938570686\n ],\n [\n -93.06655883789062,\n 30.002516938570686\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ed4a8e4b09357f05f8a2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Vincent E. 0000-0002-1660-0102 vwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-0102","contributorId":5388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Vincent","email":"vwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B. lprakken@usgs.gov","contributorId":2319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence","email":"lprakken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70124986,"text":"sir20145176 - 2014 - Evaluation of a mass-balance approach to determine consumptive water use in northeastern Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-02T08:59:49","indexId":"sir20145176","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-02T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5176","title":"Evaluation of a mass-balance approach to determine consumptive water use in northeastern Illinois","docAbstract":"A principal component of evaluating and managing water use is consumptive use. This is the portion of water withdrawn for a particular use, such as residential, which is evaporated, transpired, incorporated into products or crops, consumed by humans or livestock, or otherwise removed from the immediate water environment. The amount of consumptive use may be estimated by a water (mass)-balance approach; however, because of the difficulty of obtaining necessary data, its application typically is restricted to the facility scale. The general governing mass-balance equation is: Consumptive use = Water supplied - Return flows.
\nThis study explored a mass-balance field-based computation of consumptive use in a residential setting at the scale of a sanitary sewer service area (sewershed). In addition, the feasibility (cost and difficulty) and relative uncertainties (accuracies) associated with applying the approach at this scale were evaluated. The study was conducted during 2011–13 within a 3.5-square mile (mi2) sewershed confined to a predominantly residential area of Elk Grove Village, Illinois. Following background evaluation of the geohydrologic setting, sewershed infrastructure, and possible components of supplied and returned water, the identified primary components were
\n1. public water deliveries by the Elk Grove Village Department of Public Works,
\n2. self-served groundwater withdrawals in an included unincorporated neighborhood with public sanitary sewer service,
\n3. return flows to the sanitary sewer system, and
\n4. direct return of water discharged from swimming pools to Salt Creek. Water volumes principally were reported for deliveries, measured for sanitary sewer returns by using an acoustic Doppler current-velocity meter, and estimated for domestic withdrawals and swimming pool discharges to storm sewers. All water volumes required some degree of estimation. Observation wells were installed adjacent to sewer pipelines (lines) to determine the depth of the water table relative to that of the sewer lines and to collect water samples for detection of optical brighteners, as they are routinely discharged as clotheswashing waste to sanitary sewers. These data provided qualitative information on gains (inflow and infiltration) and losses (exfiltration) of sewer flow by pipe leakage, which might otherwise not be considered in the sewer flow return measurements. Hydrographs of sewer flow also were evaluated to identify and estimate storm-associated inputs to sewer flow.
\nThe volume of sanitary sewer return flow (778 million gallons per year [Mgal/yr]) was determined to substantially exceed the volume of supplied water (566 Mgal/yr), thus, for this study setting, voiding the utility of the applied mass-balance approach for estimating consumptive water use. Mass-balance components, including sanitary sewer flow and supplied-water use, were estimated within reasonable limits of uncertainty. Evidence of a water table that is typically shallower than the area’s sewer lines, yet is sometimes depressed near more deeply buried sewer lines, suggests groundwater infiltration into the sewers contributes to the excess volume of return flow. Technical obstacles and project resources precluded accurate quantification of infiltration volumes and other gains and losses to sanitary sewer flow. As estimated from various simplified methods, a minimum of 26 percent of return flow measured in the sanitary sewer represented groundwater infiltration and stormwater inflow; separately, about 2 percent of return flow was estimated as inflow. On the basis of the alternative winter base-rate method, consumptive use in the sewershed was estimated as 13 percent, which compares favorably with that used by the State of Illinois for Lake Michigan allocation accounting (10 percent) and other States and Canadian Provinces in the Great Lakes region (generally 10-15 percent).
\nThe study also provided other findings considered useful to studies of water use and to performance evaluation of sanitary sewer infrastructure. In urban residential settings, the comparatively small volumes of nonpublic sources of water (self-supplied) and direct (nonsanitary) return flow potentially can be ignored in the estimation of consumptive use. An acoustic Doppler current-velocity meter can be used in sanitary sewers to accurately measure discharge and reasonably estimate storm-associated inflows. Hourly to daily patterns of water use can be readily identified and quantified in the return flow record for the sanitary sewers. Relative volumes of infiltration gains (and exfiltration losses) can be substantial, even in sewer systems of communities making significant investments in system upgrades to limit sewer line leakage. Monitoring of optical brighteners in groundwater (and potentially in sanitary sewer flow) can provide a useful means of identifying probable leakage from (and to) sewer lines. Accurate quantification of gains and losses to sanitary sewer flow at the sewershed scale will require additional research effort and technical advances.
\nUnder ideal conditions, accurate quantification of consumptive use at the sewershed scale by the described mass-balance approach might be possible. Under most prevailing conditions, quantification likely would be more costly and time consuming than that of the present study, given the freely contributed technical support of the host community and relatively appropriate conditions of the study area. Essentials to quantification of consumptive use are a fully cooperative community, storm and sanitary sewers that are separate, and newer sewer infrastructure and (or) a robust program for limiting infiltration, exfiltration, and inflow.
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We hypothesized that Bacteroides could persist and replicate within beach-stranded Cladophora glomerata mats in southern Lake Michigan, USA. Mean Bacteroides concentration (per GenBac3 Taqman quantitative PCR assay) during summer 2012 at Jeorse Park Beach was 5.2 log calibrator cell equivalents (CCE) g-1 dry weight (dw), ranging from 3.7 to 6.7. We monitored a single beach-stranded mat for 3 wk; bacterial concentrations increased by 1.6 log CCE g-1 dw and correlated significantly with ambient temperature (p = 0.003). Clonal growth was evident, as observed by >99% nucleotide sequence similarity among clones. In in vitro studies, Bacteroides concentrations increased by 5.5 log CCE g-1 after 7 d (27°C) in fresh Cladophora collected from rocks. Partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of 36 clones from the incubation experiment showed highly similar genotypes (≥97% sequence overlap). The closest enteric Bacteroides spp. from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database were only 87 to 91% similar. Genomic similarity, clonality, growth, and persistence collectively suggest that putative, free-living Bacteroides inhabit Cladophora mats of southern Lake Michigan. These findings may have important biological, medical, regulatory, microbial source tracking, and public health implications.
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