{"pageNumber":"498","pageRowStart":"12425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":69040,"records":[{"id":70154854,"text":"70154854 - 2015 - Climate-water quality relationships in Texas reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T13:19:21","indexId":"70154854","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-water quality relationships in Texas reservoirs","docAbstract":"<p>Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and concentrations of salts in surface water bodies can be affected by the natural environment, local human activities such as surface and ground water withdrawals, land use, and energy extraction, and variability and long-term trends in atmospheric conditions including temperature and precipitation. Here, we quantify the relationship between 121 indicators of mean and extreme temperature and precipitation and 24 water quality parameters in 57 Texas reservoirs using observational data records covering the period 1960 to 2010. We find that water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, chloride, sulfate, and phosphorus all show consistent correlations with atmospheric predictors, including high and low temperature extremes, dry days, heavy precipitation events, and mean temperature and precipitation over time scales ranging from one week to two years. Based on this analysis and published future projections for this region, we expect climate change to increase water temperatures, decrease dissolved oxygen levels, decrease pH, increase specific conductance, and increase levels of sulfate, chloride in Texas reservoirs. Over decadal time scales, this may affect aquatic ecosystems in the reservoirs, including altering the risk of conditions conducive to algae occurrence, as well as affecting the quality of water available for human consumption and recreation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Chichester, Sussex, England","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10545","usgsCitation":"Gelca, R., Hayhoe, K., Scott-Fleming, I., Crow, C., Dawson, D., and Patino, R., 2015, Climate-water quality relationships in Texas reservoirs: Hydrological Processes, v. 30, no. 1, p. 12-29, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10545.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053869","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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D.","contributorId":72901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70155894,"text":"70155894 - 2015 - A landsat data tiling and compositing approach optimized for change detection in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T09:41:46","indexId":"70155894","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A landsat data tiling and compositing approach optimized for change detection in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Annual disturbance maps are produced by the LANDFIRE program across the conterminous United States (CONUS). Existing LANDFIRE disturbance data from 1999 to 2010 are available and current efforts will produce disturbance data through 2012. A tiling and compositing approach was developed to produce bi-annual images optimized for change detection. A tiled grid of 10,000 &times; 10,000 30 m pixels was defined for CONUS and adjusted to consolidate smaller tiles along national borders, resulting in 98 non-overlapping tiles. Data from Landsat-5,-7, and -8 were re-projected to the tile extents, masked to remove clouds, shadows, water, and snow/ice, then composited using a cosine similarity approach. The resultant images were used in a change detection algorithm to determine areas of vegetation change. This approach enabled more efficient processing compared to using single Landsat scenes, by taking advantage of overlap between adjacent paths, and allowed an automated system to be developed for the entire process.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","doi":"10.14358/PERS.81.7.573","usgsCitation":"Nelson, K., and Steinwand, D.R., 2015, A landsat data tiling and compositing approach optimized for change detection in the conterminous United States: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 81, no. 7, p. 573-586, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.81.7.573.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"586","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055870","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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 \"}}]}\n","volume":"81","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d305aae4b0518e35468cd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Kurtis 0000-0003-4911-4511 knelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-4511","contributorId":3602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Kurtis","email":"knelson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinwand, Daniel R. steinwand@usgs.gov","contributorId":3224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Daniel","email":"steinwand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70159689,"text":"70159689 - 2015 - Organic contaminant transport and fate in the subsurface: evolution of knowledge and understanding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:54:07","indexId":"70159689","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic contaminant transport and fate in the subsurface: evolution of knowledge and understanding","docAbstract":"<p><span>Toxic organic contaminants may enter the subsurface as slightly soluble and volatile nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) or as dissolved solutes resulting in contaminant plumes emanating from the source zone. A large body of research published in&nbsp;</span><i>Water Resources Research</i><span>&nbsp;has been devoted to characterizing and understanding processes controlling the transport and fate of these organic contaminants and the effectiveness of natural attenuation, bioremediation, and other remedial technologies. These contributions include studies of NAPL flow, entrapment, and interphase mass transfer that have advanced from the analysis of simple systems with uniform properties and equilibrium contaminant phase partitioning to complex systems with pore-scale and macroscale heterogeneity and rate-limited interphase mass transfer. Understanding of the fate of dissolved organic plumes has advanced from when biodegradation was thought to require oxygen to recognition of the importance of anaerobic biodegradation, multiple redox zones, microbial enzyme kinetics, and mixing of organic contaminants and electron acceptors at plume fringes. Challenges remain in understanding the impacts of physical, chemical, biological, and hydrogeological heterogeneity, pore-scale interactions, and mixing on the fate of organic contaminants. Further effort is needed to successfully incorporate these processes into field-scale predictions of transport and fate. Regulations have greatly reduced the frequency of new point-source contamination problems; however, remediation at many legacy plumes remains challenging. A number of fields of current relevance are benefiting from research advances from point-source contaminant research. These include geologic carbon sequestration, nonpoint-source contamination, aquifer storage and recovery, the fate of contaminants from oil and gas development, and enhanced bioremediation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017121","usgsCitation":"Essaid, H.I., Bekins, B.A., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2015, Organic contaminant transport and fate in the subsurface: evolution of knowledge and understanding: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 7, p. 4861-4902, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017121.","productDescription":"42","startPage":"4861","endPage":"4902","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063591","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf50e4b0112df6c62e23","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015wr017121","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017121","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Essaid Hedeff I., Bekins Barbara A., Cozzarelli Isabelle M.","journalName":"Water Resources Research","publicationDate":"7/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70159931,"text":"70159931 - 2015 - The mysterious wolves of Belarus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-08T10:11:22","indexId":"70159931","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2093,"text":"International Wolf","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mysterious wolves of Belarus","docAbstract":"<p><span>It was just after 3 a.m. as we very quietly exited the van, making sure our water-resistant clothes didn&rsquo;t make too much noise. A wolf researcher howled into the cold and murky mist. We waited in darkness, hoping for an answer. A single wolf howl from about 300 meters in front of us broke the silence. We peered into the agricultural and forested expanse, straining to get a glimpse of the wolf in the faint star-light. Suddenly, from behind, another howl countered. The expedition&rsquo;s leader explained that we were standing between two female wolves and their pups&mdash;both being tended to by the same male!</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Wolf Center","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","usgsCitation":"Barber-Meyer, S., 2015, The mysterious wolves of Belarus: International Wolf, p. 22-24.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063258","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695ee6e4b08895842a1c9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber-Meyer, Shannon 0000-0002-3048-2616 sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-2616","contributorId":150236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber-Meyer","given":"Shannon","email":"sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70155153,"text":"70155153 - 2015 - Temperature profile around a basaltic sill intruded into wet sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T16:23:59","indexId":"70155153","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature profile around a basaltic sill intruded into wet sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>The transfer of heat into wet sediments from magmatic intrusions or lava flows is not well constrained from field data. Such field constraints on numerical models of heat transfer could significantly improve our understanding of water&ndash;lava interactions. We use experimentally calibrated pollen darkening to measure the temperature profile around a basaltic sill emplaced into wet lakebed sediments. It is well known that, upon heating, initially transparent palynomorphs darken progressively through golden, brown, and black shades before being destroyed; however, this approach to measuring temperature has not been applied to volcanological questions. We collected sediment samples from established Miocene fossil localities at Clarkia, Idaho. Fossils in the sediments include pollen from numerous tree and shrub species. We experimentally calibrated changes in the color of Clarkia sediment pollen and used this calibration to determine sediment temperatures around a Miocene basaltic sill emplaced in the sediments. Results indicated a flat temperature profile above and below the sill, with T &gt;&nbsp;325&nbsp;&deg;C within 1&nbsp;cm of the basalt-sediment contact, near 300&nbsp;&deg;C at 1&ndash;2&nbsp;cm from the contact, and ~&nbsp;250&nbsp;&deg;C at 1&nbsp;m from the sill contact. This profile suggests that heat transport in the sediments was hydrothermally rather than conductively controlled. This information will be used to test numerical models of heat transfer in wet sediments on Earth and Mars.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.012","usgsCitation":"Baker, L., Bernard, A., Rember, W.C., Milazzo, M.P., Dundas, C.M., Abramov, O., and Keszthelyi, L.P., 2015, Temperature profile around a basaltic sill intruded into wet sediments: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 302, p. 81-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.012.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062688","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"302","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55bc9c2ee4b033ef52100f3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Leslie","contributorId":145650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernard, Andrew","contributorId":146264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernard","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rember, William C.","contributorId":107748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rember","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Abramov, Oleg oabramov@usgs.gov","contributorId":604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abramov","given":"Oleg","email":"oabramov@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo","email":"laz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70154858,"text":"70154858 - 2015 - Novel associations between contaminant body burdens and biomarkers of reproductive condition in male Common Carp along multiple gradients of contaminant exposure in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-17T12:54:29","indexId":"70154858","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Novel associations between contaminant body burdens and biomarkers of reproductive condition in male Common Carp along multiple gradients of contaminant exposure in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Adult male Common Carp were sampled in 2007/08 over a full reproductive cycle at Lake Mead National Recreation Area. Sites sampled included a stream dominated by treated wastewater effluent, a lake basin receiving the streamflow, an upstream lake basin (reference), and a site below Hoover Dam. Individual body burdens for 252 contaminants were measured, and biological variables assessed included physiological [plasma vitellogenin (VTG), estradiol-17&beta; (E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT)] and organ [gonadosomatic index (GSI)] endpoints. Patterns in contaminant composition and biological condition were determined by Principal Component Analysis, and their associations modeled by Principal Component Regression. Three spatially distinct but temporally stable gradients of contaminant distribution were recognized: a contaminant mixture typical of wastewaters (PBDEs, methyl triclosan, galaxolide), PCBs, and DDTs. Two spatiotemporally variable patterns of biological condition were recognized: a primary pattern consisting of reproductive condition variables (11KT, E2, GSI), and a secondary pattern including general condition traits (condition factor, hematocrit, fork length). VTG was low in all fish, indicating low estrogenic activity of water at all sites. Wastewater contaminants associated negatively with GSI, 11KT and E2; PCBs associated negatively with GSI and 11KT; and DDTs associated positively with GSI and 11KT. Regression of GSI on sex steroids revealed a novel, nonlinear association between these variables. Inclusion of sex steroids in the GSI regression on contaminants rendered wastewater contaminants nonsignificant in the model and reduced the influence of PCBs and DDTs. Thus, the influence of contaminants on GSI may have been partially driven by organismal modes-of-action that include changes in sex steroid production. The positive association of DDTs with 11KT and GSI suggests that lifetime, sub-lethal exposures to DDTs have effects on male carp opposite of those reported by studies where exposure concentrations were relatively high. Lastly, this study highlighted advantages of multivariate/multiple regression approaches for exploring associations between complex contaminant mixtures and gradients and reproductive condition in wild fishes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.12.013","usgsCitation":"Patino, R., VanLandeghem, M., Goodbred, S.L., Orsak, E., Jenkins, J.A., Echols, K.R., Rosen, M.R., and Torres, L., 2015, Novel associations between contaminant body burdens and biomarkers of reproductive condition in male Common Carp along multiple gradients of contaminant exposure in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, USA: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 219, p. 112-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.12.013.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"124","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059505","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"219","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a0ecb2e4b0183d66e43046","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanLandeghem, Matthew M.","contributorId":143728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanLandeghem","given":"Matthew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodbred, Steven L. sgoodbred@usgs.gov","contributorId":497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodbred","given":"Steven","email":"sgoodbred@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":564280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orsak, Erik","contributorId":92763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orsak","given":"Erik","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jenkins, Jill A. 0000-0002-5087-0894 jenkinsj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":2710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jill","email":"jenkinsj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Torres, Leticia","contributorId":143738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres","given":"Leticia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70155515,"text":"70155515 - 2015 - Genetic diversity is related to climatic variation and vulnerability in threatened bull trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-10T10:03:50","indexId":"70155515","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic diversity is related to climatic variation and vulnerability in threatened bull trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding how climatic variation influences ecological and evolutionary processes is crucial for informed conservation decision-making. Nevertheless, few studies have measured how climatic variation influences genetic diversity within populations or how genetic diversity is distributed across space relative to future climatic stress. Here, we tested whether patterns of genetic diversity (allelic richness) were related to climatic variation and habitat features in 130 bull trout (</span><i>Salvelinus confluentus</i><span>) populations from 24 watersheds (i.e., ~4&ndash;7th order river subbasins) across the Columbia River Basin, USA. We then determined whether bull trout genetic diversity was related to climate vulnerability at the watershed scale, which we quantified on the basis of exposure to future climatic conditions (projected scenarios for the 2040s) and existing habitat complexity. We found a strong gradient in genetic diversity in bull trout populations across the Columbia River Basin, where populations located in the most upstream headwater areas had the greatest genetic diversity. After accounting for spatial patterns with linear mixed models, allelic richness in bull trout populations was positively related to habitat patch size and complexity, and negatively related to maximum summer temperature and the frequency of winter flooding. These relationships strongly suggest that climatic variation influences evolutionary processes in this threatened species and that genetic diversity will likely decrease due to future climate change. Vulnerability at a watershed scale was negatively correlated with average genetic diversity (</span><i>r&nbsp;</i><span>=</span><i>&nbsp;</i><span>&minus;0.77;</span><i>P&nbsp;</i><span>&lt;</span><i>&nbsp;</i><span>0.001); watersheds containing populations with lower average genetic diversity generally had the lowest habitat complexity, warmest stream temperatures, and greatest frequency of winter flooding. Together, these findings have important conservation implications for bull trout and other imperiled species. Genetic diversity is already depressed where climatic vulnerability is highest; it will likely erode further in the very places where diversity may be most needed for future persistence.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12850","usgsCitation":"Kovach, R., Muhlfeld, C.C., Wade, A., Hand, B.K., Whited, D.C., DeHaan, P.W., Al-Chokhachy, R.K., and Luikart, G., 2015, Genetic diversity is related to climatic variation and vulnerability in threatened bull trout: Global Change Biology, v. 21, no. 7, p. 2510-2524, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12850.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2510","endPage":"2524","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060882","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb34e4b08400b1fdb70c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kovach, Ryan 0000-0001-5402-2123 rkovach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5402-2123","contributorId":145914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan","email":"rkovach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wade, Alisa A.","contributorId":145917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wade","given":"Alisa A.","affiliations":[{"id":16296,"text":"University of Montana, Polson Montana 59860 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hand, Brian K.","contributorId":145915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hand","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16296,"text":"University of Montana, Polson Montana 59860 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whited, Diane C.","contributorId":145916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whited","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16296,"text":"University of Montana, Polson Montana 59860 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeHaan, Patrick W.","contributorId":145918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeHaan","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16297,"text":"USFWS Abernathy Fish Technology Center, Longview, WA 98632","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":97409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70154764,"text":"70154764 - 2015 - The Effect of modeled recharge distribution on simulated groundwater availability and capture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T10:06:41","indexId":"70154764","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Effect of modeled recharge distribution on simulated groundwater availability and capture","docAbstract":"<p><span>Simulating groundwater flow in basin-fill aquifers of the semiarid southwestern United States commonly requires decisions about how to distribute aquifer recharge. Precipitation can recharge basin-fill aquifers by direct infiltration and transport through faults and fractures in the high-elevation areas, by flowing overland through high-elevation areas to infiltrate at basin-fill margins along mountain fronts, by flowing overland to infiltrate along ephemeral channels that often traverse basins in the area, or by some combination of these processes. The importance of accurately simulating recharge distributions is a current topic of discussion among hydrologists and water managers in the region, but no comparative study has been performed to analyze the effects of different recharge distributions on groundwater simulations. This study investigates the importance of the distribution of aquifer recharge in simulating regional groundwater flow in basin-fill aquifers by calibrating a groundwater-flow model to four different recharge distributions, all with the same total amount of recharge. Similarities are seen in results from steady-state models for optimized hydraulic conductivity values, fit of simulated to observed hydraulic heads, and composite scaled sensitivities of conductivity parameter zones. Transient simulations with hypothetical storage properties and pumping rates produce similar capture rates and storage change results, but differences are noted in the rate of drawdown at some well locations owing to the differences in optimized hydraulic conductivity. Depending on whether the purpose of the groundwater model is to simulate changes in groundwater levels or changes in storage and capture, the distribution of aquifer recharge may or may not be of primary importance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12210","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F., Pool, D.R., and Leake, S.A., 2015, The Effect of modeled recharge distribution on simulated groundwater availability and capture: Groundwater, v. 53, no. 3, p. 378-388, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12210.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"378","endPage":"388","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051913","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Detrital Valley, Hualapai Valley, Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.334716796875,\n              36.00467348670187\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.97216796875,\n              36.20882309283712\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.90625,\n              36.06686213257888\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.64257812499999,\n              36.00467348670187\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.280029296875,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.21411132812499,\n              35.35321610123821\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.5986328125,\n              35.092945313732635\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.466796875,\n              34.542762387234845\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.785400390625,\n              34.334364487026306\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.202880859375,\n              34.50655662164561\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.32373046875,\n              34.71452466170392\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.06005859375,\n              34.858890491257824\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.554443359375,\n              35.98689628443789\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.334716796875,\n              36.00467348670187\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950123e4b0b6d21dd6cbc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillman, Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":1629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred D.","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pool, Donald R. drpool@usgs.gov","contributorId":1121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"Donald","email":"drpool@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70147394,"text":"sir20155057 - 2015 - Chloride concentrations, loads, and yields in four watersheds along Interstate 95, southeastern Connecticut, 2008-11: factors that affect peak chloride concentrations during winter storms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-23T14:47:13.203498","indexId":"sir20155057","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5057","title":"Chloride concentrations, loads, and yields in four watersheds along Interstate 95, southeastern Connecticut, 2008-11: factors that affect peak chloride concentrations during winter storms","docAbstract":"<p>Chloride (Cl<sup>-</sup>) concentrations and loads and other water chemistry characteristics were assessed to evaluate potential effects of road-deicer applications on streamwater quality in four watersheds along Interstate 95 (I&ndash;95) in southeastern Connecticut from November 1, 2008, through September 30, 2011. Streamflow and water quality were studied in the Four Mile River, Oil Mill Brook, Stony Brook, and Jordan Brook watersheds, where developed land ranged from 9 to 32 percent. Water-quality samples were collected and specific conductance was measured continuously at paired water-quality monitoring sites, upstream and downstream from I&ndash;95. Specific conductance values were related to Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;concentrations to assist in determining the effects of road-deicing operations on the levels of Cl<sup>-</sup>in the streams. Streamflow and water-quality data were compared with weather data and with the timing, amount, and composition of deicers applied to State highways. Grab samples were collected during winter stormwater-runoff events, such as winter storms or periods of rain or warm temperatures in which melting takes place. Grab samples were also collected periodically during the spring and summer and during base-flow conditions.</p>\n<p>The estimated Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;concentrations at the eight water-quality monitoring sites during winter storms peaked as high as 270 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and were well below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended acute chloride toxicity criterion of 860 mg/L and the chronic 4-day average toxicity criterion of 230 mg/L. Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;concentrations in streams, particularly at sites downstream from I&ndash;95, peaked during increased streamflow in the winter and early spring as a result of deicers applied to roads and washed off by stormwater or meltwater. Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;concentrations during most of the nonwinter seasons decreased during increases in streamflow because storm runoff was more dilute than base flow. However, peaks in specific conductance and estimated chloride concentrations at streams in more urbanized watersheds corresponded to peaks in streamflow well after winter snow or ice events; these delayed peaks in Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;concentration likely resulted from deicer residue that remained in melting snow piles and on roadsides and (or) that were flushed from soils and shallow groundwater, then discharged downstream.</p>\n<p>Estimated peak Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;concentrations varied with the type of winter storm event and were highest during or after winter storms of frozen precipitation and rain, in which the rain or meltwater effectively washed off the deicers. Estimated peak Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;concentrations correlated positively with the duration of deicer application but generally not with streamflow. Estimated peak Cl<sup>-</sup>concentrations during the winter season were highest during low streamflow at most sites.</p>\n<p>Chloride concentrations varied considerably in shallow groundwater as a result of land-use differences. Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;concentrations were very high (as high as 800 mg/L) in shallow groundwater downstream from I&ndash;95 at the Four Mile River site. Chloride/bromide mass concentration ratios and the proximity of a former landfill and sewage lagoon upstream indicate a likely source of Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;is landfill leachate and possibly sewage leachate.</p>\n<p>Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;loads in streams generally were highest in the winter and early spring. The estimated daily Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;yield for the four monitoring sites downstream from I&ndash;95 ranged from 0.0004 ton per day per square mile for one of the least developed watersheds to 0.052 ton per day per square mile for the watershed with the highest percentage of urban development and impervious area. The estimated median contribution of Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;load from atmospheric deposition was small and ranged from 0.07 percent of Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;load at the Jordan Brook watershed to 0.57 percent at the Oil Mill Brook watershed. The Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;loads in streams (outputs) were compared with Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;load inputs, which include atmospheric deposition and deicer applications; Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;load inputs were slightly larger than the Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;load outputs at most of the sites during most years but do not account for the Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;load in groundwater leaving the watersheds.</p>\n<p>A multiple linear regression model was developed to describe the variability of the natural log of peak specific conductance, as well as estimated Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;concentrations. Five significant variables best explained the variability in the natural log of the peak specific conductance after deicing events: (1) snow on ground before deicing event; (2) winter precipitation with rain; (3) specific conductance in base flow; (4) State-operated road lane miles divided by watershed area; and (5) amount of Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;from deicers applied to State-operated roads per lane mile. In this report, winter precipitation is defined as any type of precipitation, including frozen precipitation and rain, that occurs during the active deicing season, typically November through March. Frozen precipitation is defined here as snow, sleet, freezing rain, or any winter precipitation except rain.</p>\n<p>The addition of a lane mile in both directions on I&ndash;95 would result in an estimate of approximately 2 to 11 percent increase in Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;input from deicers applied to I&ndash;95 and other roads maintained by Connecticut Department of Transportation. The largest estimated increase in Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;load was in the watersheds with the greatest number miles of I&ndash;95 corridor relative to the total lane miles maintained by Connecticut Department of Transportation. On the basis of these estimates and the estimated peak Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;concentrations during the study period, it is unlikely that the increased use of deicers on the additional lanes would lead to Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;concentrations that exceed the aquatic habitat criteria.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration and the Connecticut Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.J., Mullaney, J.R., Morrison, Jonathan, Martin, J.W., and Trombley, T.J., 2015, Chloride concentrations, loads, and yields in four watersheds along Interstate 95, southeastern Connecticut, 2008–11— Factors that affect peak chloride concentrations during winter storms: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5057, 68 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155057.","productDescription":"Report: x, 68 p.; Appendix; Tables","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054199","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155057.jpg"},{"id":305516,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/attachments/sir2015-5057_table10.xlsx","text":"Table 10","size":"186 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 10","linkHelpText":"Storm characteristics, weather data, and peak chloride concentrations related to deicing and melting events."},{"id":305513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/"},{"id":305517,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/attachments/sir2015-5057_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"198 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1"},{"id":305515,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/attachments/sir2015-5057_table5.xlsx","text":"Table 5","size":"200 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 5","linkHelpText":"Description of the applications of deicing materials to State-operated roads during winter storms."},{"id":305514,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/pdf/sir2015-5057.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.26806640624999,\n              41.3177863571168\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.26806640624999,\n              41.32835758409141\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.2512435913086,\n              41.32835758409141\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.2512435913086,\n              41.3177863571168\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.26806640624999,\n              41.3177863571168\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.18978881835936,\n              41.35593783017404\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.18978881835936,\n              41.40900335304861\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.14309692382811,\n              41.40900335304861\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.14309692382811,\n              41.35593783017404\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.18978881835936,\n              41.35593783017404\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_nweng@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, New England Water Science Center<br /> U.S. Geological Survey <br /> 101 Pitkin Street<br /> East Hartford, CT 06108</p>\n<p>Or visit our Web site at:<br /> <a href=\"http://ct.water.usgs.gov\">http://ct.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Methods of Data Collection and Analysis</li>\n<li>Factors that Affect Chloride Concentrations, Loads, and Yields</li>\n<li>Summary and Conclusions</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Appendix 1. Specific Conductance and Chloride Concentrations at Four Mile River, Oil Mill Brook, Stony Brook, and Jordan Brook, Southeastern Connecticut, November 2008&ndash;September 2011</li>\n<li>Appendix 2. Specific Conductance Measurements and Streamflow at Four Mile River, Southeastern Connecticut, November 2008&ndash;September 2011</li>\n<li>Appendix 3. Specific Conductance Measurements and Streamflow at Oil Mill Brook, Southeastern Connecticut, November 2008&ndash;September 2011</li>\n<li>Appendix 4. Specific Conductance Measurements and Streamflow at Stony Brook, Southeastern Connecticut, November 2008&ndash;September 2011</li>\n<li>Appendix 5. Specific Conductance Measurements and Streamflow at Jordan Brook, Southeastern Connecticut, November 2008&ndash;September 2011</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-07-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950120e4b0b6d21dd6cbb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Craig J. cjbrown@usgs.gov","contributorId":1914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Craig J.","email":"cjbrown@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrison, Jonathan 0000-0002-1756-4609 jmorriso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-4609","contributorId":2274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmorriso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Joseph W. 0000-0002-5995-9385 jwmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5995-9385","contributorId":5639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Joseph","email":"jwmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trombley, Thomas J. trombley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trombley","given":"Thomas","email":"trombley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70143171,"text":"ofr20151048 - 2015 - National assessment of shoreline change: historical change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T09:23:27","indexId":"ofr20151048","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1048","title":"National assessment of shoreline change: historical change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape","docAbstract":"<p>Beach erosion is a persistent problem along most open-ocean shores of the United States. 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One purpose of this work is to develop standard, repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing shoreline change so that periodic, systematic, and internally consistent updates regarding coastal erosion and land loss can be made nationally.</p>\n<p>This report on shoreline change along the north coast of Alaska, between the U.S.-Canadian border and Icy Cape, is one in a series of regionally focused reports on historical shoreline change. Previous investigations include analyses and descriptive reports for the coasts of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, the Southeast Atlantic, California, the New England and Mid-Atlantic, portions of Hawaii, and the Pacific Northwest coasts of Oregon and Washington.</p>\n<p>Similar to the earlier reports in this series, this report summarizes the methods of analysis, documents and describes the results of the analysis, and explains historical trends and rates of shoreline change. This Alaska shoreline change assessment differs from previously published shoreline change assessments in that: (1) only two historical shorelines (from the 1940s and 2000s eras) were available for the Alaska study area whereas four or more shorelines (from 1850 to 2002) were available for the other assessments and, thus, only end-point rates for one long-term analysis period are reported here, compared to a combination of long-term and short-term rates as reported in other studies; (2) modern (2000s era) shorelines in this study represent a visually derived land-water interface position versus an elevation based, tidally referenced shoreline position; and (3) both exposed open-ocean and sheltered mainland-lagoon shorelines and rates of change are included in this study compared to other locations where only exposed open-ocean sandy shorelines or bluff edges were evaluated. 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,{"id":70148461,"text":"ofr20151113 - 2015 - Chemical mixtures and environmental effects: a pilot study to assess ecological exposure and effects in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T08:56:34","indexId":"ofr20151113","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1113","title":"Chemical mixtures and environmental effects: a pilot study to assess ecological exposure and effects in streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>Assessment and management of the risks of exposure to complex chemical mixtures in streams are priorities for human and environmental health organizations around the world. 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pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Villeneuve, Daniel L.","contributorId":141084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villeneuve","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mills, Marc A.","contributorId":141085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70139883,"text":"70139883 - 2015 - Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T11:29:03","indexId":"70139883","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Despite the role of the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust as the source of some of the largest earthquakes and tsunamis, the history of its pre&ndash;twentieth century tsunamis is largely unknown west of the rupture zone of the great (magnitude, M 9.2) 1964 earthquake. Stratigraphy in core transects at two boggy lowland sites on Chirikof Island&rsquo;s southwest coast preserves tsunami deposits dating from the postglacial to the twentieth century. In a 500-m-long basin 13&ndash;15 m above sea level and 400 m from the sea, 4 of 10 sandy to silty beds in a 3&ndash;5-m-thick sequence of freshwater peat were probably deposited by tsunamis. The freshwater peat sequence beneath a gently sloping alluvial fan 2 km to the east, 5&ndash;15 m above sea level and 550 m from the sea, contains 20 sandy to silty beds deposited since 3.5 ka; at least 13 were probably deposited by tsunamis. Although most of the sandy beds have consistent thicknesses (over distances of 10&ndash;265 m), sharp lower contacts, good sorting, and/or upward fining typical of tsunami deposits, the beds contain abundant freshwater diatoms, very few brackish-water diatoms, and no marine diatoms. Apparently, tsunamis traveling inland over low dunes and boggy lowland entrained largely freshwater diatoms. Abundant fragmented diatoms, and lake species in some sandy beds not found in host peat, were probably transported by tsunamis to elevations of &gt;10 m at the eastern site. Single-aliquot regeneration optically stimulated luminescence dating of the third youngest bed is consistent with its having been deposited by the tsunami recorded at Russian hunting outposts in 1788, and with the second youngest bed being deposited by a tsunami during an upper plate earthquake in 1880. We infer from stratigraphy, <sup>14</sup>C-dated peat deposition rates, and unpublished analyses of the island&rsquo;s history that the 1938 tsunami may locally have reached an elevation of &gt;10 m. As this is the first record of Aleutian tsunamis extending throughout the Holocene, we cannot estimate source earthquake locations or magnitudes for most tsunami-deposited beds. We infer that no more than 3 of the 23 possible tsunamis beds at both sites were deposited following upper plate faulting or submarine landslides independent of megathrust earthquakes. If so, the Semidi segment of the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust near Chirikof Island probably sent high tsunamis southward every 180&ndash;270 yr for at least the past 3500 yr. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES01108.1","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A.R., Briggs, R.W., Dura, T., Engelhart, S.E., Gelfenbaum, G., Bradley, L., Forman, S., Vane, C.H., and Kelley, K., 2015, Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01108.1.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1203","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062596","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01108.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chirikof Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.61721801757812,\n              55.93304863776238\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.55130004882812,\n              55.92150795277898\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.51834106445312,\n              55.88763544617004\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.5059814453125,\n              55.839855780238864\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.50323486328125,\n              55.80205284218845\n        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]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","edition":"1172","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56261497e4b0fb9a11dd7662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":139002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dura, Tina","contributorId":48482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dura","given":"Tina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engelhart, Simon E.","contributorId":60104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelhart","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradley, Lee-Ann bradley@usgs.gov","contributorId":139003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"bradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Forman, S.L.","contributorId":38597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forman","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vane, Christopher H.","contributorId":88255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vane","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kelley, K.A.","contributorId":139004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70123516,"text":"70123516 - 2015 - Comment on “The role of interbasin groundwater transfers in geologically complex terranes, demonstrated by the Great Basin in the western United States”: report published in Hydrogeology Journal (2014) 22:807–828, by Stephen T. Nelson and Alan L. Mayo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-28T09:34:35","indexId":"70123516","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on “The role of interbasin groundwater transfers in geologically complex terranes, demonstrated by the Great Basin in the western United States”: report published in Hydrogeology Journal (2014) 22:807–828, by Stephen T. Nelson and Alan L. Mayo","docAbstract":"<p>The subject article (Nelson and Mayo 2014) presents an overview of previous reports of interbasin flow in the Great Basin of the western United States. This Comment is presented by authors of a cited study (comprising chapters in one large report) on the Great Basin carbonate and alluvial aquifer system (GBCAAS; Heilweil and Brooks 2011; Masbruch et al. 2011; Sweetkind et al. 2011a, b), who agree that water budget imbalances alone are not enough to accurately quantify interbasin flow; however, it is proposed that statements made in the subject article about the GBCAAS report are inaccurate. The Comment authors appreciate the opportunity to clarify some statements made about the work.</p>","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-014-1208-z","usgsCitation":"Masbruch, M.D., Brooks, L.E., Heilweil, V.M., and Sweetkind, D., 2015, Comment on “The role of interbasin groundwater transfers in geologically complex terranes, demonstrated by the Great Basin in the western United States”: report published in Hydrogeology Journal (2014) 22:807–828, by Stephen T. Nelson and Alan L. Mayo: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 23, no. 1, p. 209-210, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-014-1208-z.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"210","ipdsId":"IP-058108","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877b9e4b0b7ea54521c22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masbruch, Melissa D. 0000-0001-6568-160X mmasbruch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-160X","contributorId":1902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masbruch","given":"Melissa","email":"mmasbruch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. dsweetkind@usgs.gov","contributorId":735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70177800,"text":"70177800 - 2015 - Use of dynamic occupancy models to assess the response of Darters (Teleostei: Percidae) to varying hydrothermal conditions in a southeastern United States tailwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T15:00:24","indexId":"70177800","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of dynamic occupancy models to assess the response of Darters (Teleostei: Percidae) to varying hydrothermal conditions in a southeastern United States tailwater","docAbstract":"<p><span>During the past 100 years, most large rivers in North America have been altered for flood control, hydropower, navigation or water supply development. Although these activities clearly provide important human services, their associated environmental disturbances can profoundly affect stream-dwelling organisms. We used dynamic multi-species occupancy models combined with a trait-based approach to estimate the influence of site-level and species-level characteristics on patch dynamic rates for 15 darter species native to the Elk River, a large, flow-regulated Tennessee River tributary in Tennessee and Alabama. Dynamic occupancy modelling results indicated that for every 2.5 °C increase in stream temperature, darters were 3.94 times more likely to colonize previously unoccupied stream reaches. Additionally, large-bodied darter species were 3.72 times more likely to colonize stream reaches compared with small-bodied species, but crevice-spawning darter species were 5.24 times less likely to colonize previously unoccupied stream reaches. In contrast, darters were 2.21 times less likely to become locally extinct for every 2.5 °C increase in stream temperature, but high stream discharge conditions elevated the risk of local extinction. Lastly, the presence of populations in neighbouring upstream study reaches contributed to a lower risk of extinction, whereas the presence of populations in neighbouring downstream study reaches contributed to higher rates of colonization. Our study demonstrates the application of a trait-based approach combined with a metapopulation framework to assess the patch dynamics of darters in a regulated river. Results from our study will provide a baseline for evaluating the ecological consequences of alternative dam operations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2766","usgsCitation":"Shea, C., Bettoli, P.W., Potoka, K., Saylor, C.F., and Shute, P.W., 2015, Use of dynamic occupancy models to assess the response of Darters (Teleostei: Percidae) to varying hydrothermal conditions in a southeastern United States tailwater: River Research and Applications, v. 31, no. 6, p. 676-691, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2766.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"676","endPage":"691","ipdsId":"IP-043451","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5810c6e9e4b0f497e797345b","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/rra.2766","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2766","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Shea C. P., Bettoli P. W., Potoka K. M., Saylor C. F., Shute P. W.","journalName":"River Research and Applications","publicationDate":"5/13/2014","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shea, C.P.","contributorId":92885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shea","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettoli, Phillip William pbettoli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"Phillip","email":"pbettoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potoka, K. M.","contributorId":176185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potoka","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saylor, C. F.","contributorId":176186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saylor","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shute, P. W.","contributorId":176187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shute","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70187119,"text":"70187119 - 2015 - Tracing the cycling and fate of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in coastal marine systems with a stable isotopic tracer, 15N-[TNT]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:01:59","indexId":"70187119","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Tracing the cycling and fate of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in coastal marine systems with a stable isotopic tracer, <sup>15</sup>N-[TNT]","title":"Tracing the cycling and fate of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in coastal marine systems with a stable isotopic tracer, 15N-[TNT]","docAbstract":"<p><span>2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) has been used as a military explosive for over a hundred years. Contamination concerns have arisen as a result of manufacturing and use on a large scale; however, despite decades of work addressing TNT contamination in the environment, its fate in marine ecosystems is not fully resolved. Here we examine the cycling and fate of TNT in the coastal marine systems by spiking a marine mesocosm containing seawater, sediments, and macrobiota with isotopically labeled TNT (</span><sup>15</sup><span>N-[TNT]), simultaneously monitoring removal, transformation, mineralization, sorption, and biological uptake over a period of 16 days. TNT degradation was rapid, and we observed accumulation of reduced transformation products dissolved in the water column and in pore waters, sorbed to sediments and suspended particulate matter (SPM), and in the tissues of macrobiota. Bulk δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N analysis of sediments, SPM, and tissues revealed large quantities of&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N beyond that accounted for in identifiable derivatives. TNT-derived N was also found in the dissolved inorganic N (DIN) pool. Using multivariate statistical analysis and a&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N mass balance approach, we identify the major transformation pathways of TNT, including the deamination of reduced TNT derivatives, potentially promoted by sorption to SPM and oxic surface sediments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b02907","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.W., Vlahos, P., Bohlke, J., Ariyarathna, T., Ballentine, M., Cooper, C., Fallis, S., Groshens, T.J., and Tobias, C.R., 2015, Tracing the cycling and fate of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in coastal marine systems with a stable isotopic tracer, 15N-[TNT]: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 49, no. 20, p. 12223-12231, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02907.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"12223","endPage":"12231","ipdsId":"IP-068873","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea3e4b006455f2d61e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Richard W.","contributorId":191276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vlahos, Penny","contributorId":191277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vlahos","given":"Penny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ariyarathna, Thivanka","contributorId":191278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ariyarathna","given":"Thivanka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ballentine, Mark","contributorId":191279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballentine","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooper, Christopher","contributorId":191280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fallis, Stephen","contributorId":191281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fallis","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Groshens, Thomas J.","contributorId":191282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groshens","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tobias, Craig R.","contributorId":191283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tobias","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70182519,"text":"70182519 - 2015 - Topographic, latitudinal and climatic distribution of <i>Pinus coulteri</i>: geographic range limits are not at the edge of the climate envelope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-24T09:49:29","indexId":"70182519","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topographic, latitudinal and climatic distribution of <i>Pinus coulteri</i>: geographic range limits are not at the edge of the climate envelope","docAbstract":"<p><span>With changing climate, many species are projected to move poleward or to higher elevations to track suitable climates. The prediction that species will move poleward assumes that geographically marginal populations are at the edge of the species' climatic range. We studied </span><i>Pinus coulteri</i><span> from the center to the northern (poleward) edge of its range, and examined three scenarios regarding the relationship between the geographic and climatic margins of a species' range. We used herbarium and </span><a title=\"Link to external resource: http://iNaturalist.org\" href=\"http://inaturalist.org/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://inaturalist.org/\">iNaturalist.org</a><span> records to identify </span><i>P. coulteri</i><span> sites, generated a species distribution model based on temperature, precipitation, climatic water deficit, and actual evapotranspiration, and projected suitability under future climate scenarios. In fourteen populations from the central to northern portions of the range, we conducted field studies and recorded elevation, slope and aspect (to estimate solar insolation) to examine relationships between local and regional distributions. We found that northern populations of </span><i>P. coulteri</i><span> do not occupy the cold or wet edge of the species' climatic range; mid-latitude, high elevation populations occupy the cold margin. Aspect and insolation of </span><i>P. coulteri</i><span> populations changed significantly across latitudes and elevations. Unexpectedly, northern, low-elevation stands occupy north-facing aspects and receive low insolation, while central, high-elevation stands grow on more south-facing aspects that receive higher insolation. Modeled future climate suitability is projected to be highest in the central, high elevation portion of the species range, and in low-lying coastal regions under some scenarios, with declining suitability in northern areas under most future scenarios. For </span><i>P. coulteri</i><span>, the lack of high elevation habitat combined with a major dispersal barrier may limit northward movement in response to a warming climate. Our analyses demonstrate the importance of distinguishing geographically vs. climatically marginal populations, and the importance of quantitative analysis of the realized climate space to understand species range limits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.00780","usgsCitation":"Chardon, N.I., Cornwell, W.K., Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., and Ackerly, D.D., 2015, Topographic, latitudinal and climatic distribution of <i>Pinus coulteri</i>: geographic range limits are not at the edge of the climate envelope: Ecography, v. 38, no. 6, p. 590-601, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00780.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"590","endPage":"601","ipdsId":"IP-058205","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37n229br","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15439e4b01ccd54fc5ea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chardon, Nathalie I.","contributorId":182415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chardon","given":"Nathalie","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornwell, William K.","contributorId":182416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cornwell","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ackerly, David D.","contributorId":182417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackerly","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70187424,"text":"70187424 - 2015 - Early Holocene Great Salt Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-02T14:51:22","indexId":"70187424","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early Holocene Great Salt Lake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Shorelines and surficial deposits (including buried forest-floor mats and organic-rich wetland sediments) show that Great Salt Lake did not rise higher than modern lake levels during the earliest Holocene (11.5–10.2 cal ka BP; 10–9 </span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C ka BP). During that period, finely laminated, organic-rich muds (sapropel) containing brine-shrimp cysts and pellets and interbedded sodium-sulfate salts were deposited on the lake floor. Sapropel deposition was probably caused by stratification of the water column — a freshwater cap possibly was formed by groundwater, which had been stored in upland aquifers during the immediately preceding late-Pleistocene deep-lake cycle (Lake Bonneville), and was actively discharging on the basin floor. A climate characterized by low precipitation and runoff, combined with local areas of groundwater discharge in piedmont settings, could explain the apparent conflict between evidence for a shallow lake (a dry climate) and previously published interpretations for a moist climate in the Great Salt Lake basin of the eastern Great Basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2015.05.001","usgsCitation":"Oviatt, C., Madsen, D.B., Miller, D., Thompson, R.S., and McGeehin, J.P., 2015, Early Holocene Great Salt Lake: Quaternary Research, v. 84, no. 1, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2015.05.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","ipdsId":"IP-064151","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.20037841796875,\n              40.60978237983301\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.8023681640625,\n              40.60978237983301\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.8023681640625,\n              41.73033005046653\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.20037841796875,\n              41.73033005046653\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.20037841796875,\n              40.60978237983301\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59099aafe4b0fc4e449157f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oviatt, Charles G.","contributorId":13503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oviatt","given":"Charles G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madsen, David B.","contributorId":191727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madsen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":130967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70157452,"text":"70157452 - 2015 - Life history diversity of Snake River finespotted cutthroat trout: managing for persistence in a rapidly changing environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T11:58:54","indexId":"70157452","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life history diversity of Snake River finespotted cutthroat trout: managing for persistence in a rapidly changing environment","docAbstract":"<p><span>Over the last century, native trout have experienced dramatic population declines, particularly in larger river systems where habitats associated with different spawning life history forms have been lost through habitat degradation and fragmentation. The resulting decrease in life history diversity has affected the capacity of populations to respond to environmental variability and disturbance. Unfortunately, because few large rivers are intact enough to permit full expression of life history diversity, it is unclear what patterns of diversity should be a conservation target. In this study, radiotelemetry was used to identify spawning and migration patterns of Snake River Finespotted Cutthroat Trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus clarkii behnkei</i><span>&nbsp;in the upper Snake River. Individuals were implanted with radio tags in October 2007 and 2008, and monitored through October 2009. Radio-tagged cutthroat trout in the upper Snake River exhibited variation in spawning habitat type and location, migration distance, spawn timing, postspawning behavior, and susceptibility to mortality sources. Between May and July, Cutthroat Trout spawned in runoff-dominated tributaries, groundwater-dominated spring creeks, and side channels of the Snake River. Individuals migrated up to 101&nbsp;km from tagging locations in the upper Snake River to access spawning habitats, indicating that the upper Snake River provided seasonal habitat for spawners originating throughout the watershed. Postspawning behavior also varied; by August each year, 28% of spring-creek spawners remained in their spawning location, compared with 0% of side-channel spawners and 7% of tributary spawners. These spawning and migration patterns reflect the connectivity, habitat diversity, and dynamic template of the Snake River. Ultimately, promoting life history diversity through restoration of complex habitats may provide the most opportunities for cutthroat trout persistence in an environment likely to experience increased variability from climate change and disturbance from invasive species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2015.1044625","usgsCitation":"Homel, K.M., Gresswell, R.E., and Kershner, J.L., 2015, Life history diversity of Snake River finespotted cutthroat trout: managing for persistence in a rapidly changing environment: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 35, no. 4, p. 789-801, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2015.1044625.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"789","endPage":"801","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057796","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.59181213378906,\n              43.86423779837696\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.56228637695312,\n              43.86720808597874\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.53070068359375,\n              43.859286990143055\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.50872802734374,\n              43.847403373019226\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.50529479980469,\n              43.82858280301419\n            ],\n            [\n              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-110.55850982666016,\n              43.854830911225235\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.56983947753906,\n              43.85755411013405\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.58460235595703,\n              43.85606874432798\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.58975219726562,\n              43.85557361417025\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.59181213378906,\n              43.86423779837696\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051ecee4b058f706e512e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Homel, Kristen M.","contributorId":147915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Homel","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16955,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176119,"text":"70176119 - 2015 - Exposure and food web transfer of pharmaceuticals in ospreys (Pandion haliaetus): Predictive model and empirical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:59:22","indexId":"70176119","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exposure and food web transfer of pharmaceuticals in ospreys (Pandion haliaetus): Predictive model and empirical data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The osprey (</span><i>Pandion haliaetus</i><span>) is a well-known sentinel of environmental contamination, yet no studies have traced pharmaceuticals through the water&ndash;fish&ndash;osprey food web. A screening-level exposure assessment was used to evaluate the bioaccumulation potential of 113 pharmaceuticals and metabolites, and an artificial sweetener in this food web. Hypothetical concentrations in water reflecting &ldquo;wastewater effluent dominated&rdquo; or &ldquo;dilution dominated&rdquo; scenarios were combined with pH-specific bioconcentration factors (BCFs) to predict uptake in fish. Residues in fish and osprey food intake rate were used to calculate the daily intake (DI) of compounds by an adult female osprey. Fourteen pharmaceuticals and a drug metabolite with a BCF greater than 100 and a DI greater than 20&thinsp;&micro;g/kg were identified as being most likely to exceed the adult human therapeutic dose (HTD). These 15 compounds were also evaluated in a 40 day cumulative dose exposure scenario using first-order kinetics to account for uptake and elimination. Assuming comparable absorption to humans, the half-lives (t</span><span>1/2</span><span>) for an adult osprey to reach the HTD within 40 days were calculated. For 3 of these pharmaceuticals, the estimated t</span><span>1/2</span><span>&nbsp;in ospreys was less than that for humans, and thus an osprey might theoretically reach or exceed the HTD in 3 to 7 days. To complement the exposure model, 24 compounds were quantified in water, fish plasma, and osprey nestling plasma from 7 potentially impaired locations in Chesapeake Bay. Of the 18 analytes detected in water, 8 were found in fish plasma, but only 1 in osprey plasma (the antihypertensive diltiazem). Compared to diltiazem detection rate and concentrations in water (10/12 detects, &lt;method detection limits [MDL]&ndash;173&thinsp;ng/L), there was a lower detection frequency in fish (31/233 detects, &lt;MDL&ndash;2400&thinsp;ng/L); however when present in fish, all values exceeded the maximum diltiazem concentration found in water. Diltiazem was found in all 69 osprey plasma samples (540&ndash;8630&thinsp;ng/L), with 41% of these samples exceeding maximum concentrations found in fish. Diltiazem levels in fish and osprey plasma were below the human therapeutic plasma concentration (30&thinsp;000&thinsp;ng/L). Effect thresholds for diltiazem are unknown in ospreys at this time, and there is no evidence to suggest adverse effects. This screening-level exposure model can help identify those compounds that warrant further investigation in high-trophic level species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ieam.1570","usgsCitation":"Lazarus, R.S., Rattner, B.A., Du, B., McGowan, P.C., Blazer, V., and Ottinger, M.A., 2015, Exposure and food web transfer of pharmaceuticals in ospreys (Pandion haliaetus): Predictive model and empirical data: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 11, no. 1, p. 118-129, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1570.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"129","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057952","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c16836e4b0f2f0ceb907db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lazarus, Rebecca S. 0000-0003-1731-6469 rlazarus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-6469","contributorId":5594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazarus","given":"Rebecca","email":"rlazarus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Du, Bowen","contributorId":149285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Du","given":"Bowen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16605,"text":"Department of Environmental Science and the Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University, Waco, TX","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGowan, Peter C.","contributorId":13867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGowan","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ottinger, Mary Ann","contributorId":26422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70148718,"text":"70148718 - 2015 - Global volcanic hazards and risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T21:22:53.188537","indexId":"70148718","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Global volcanic hazards and risk","docAbstract":"<p><span>An estimated 800 million people live within 100 km of an active volcano in 86 countries and additional overseas territories worldwide [see Chapter 4 and Appendix B]1. Volcanoes are compelling evidence that the Earth is a dynamic planet characterised by endless change and renewal. Humans have always found volcanic activity fascinating and have often chosen to live close to volcanoes, which commonly provide favourable environments for life. Volcanoes bring many benefits to society: eruptions fertilise soils; elevated topography provides good sites for infrastructure (e.g. telecommunications on elevated ground); water resources are commonly plentiful; volcano tourism can be lucrative; and volcanoes can acquire spiritual, aesthetic or religious significance. Some volcanoes are also associated with geothermal resources, making them a target for exploration and a potential energy resource.</span></p><p><span>Much of the time volcanoes are not a threat because they erupt very infrequently or because communities have become resilient to frequently erupting volcanoes. However, there is an everpresent danger of a long-dormant volcano re-awakening or of volcanoes producing anomalously large or unexpected eruptions. Volcanic eruptions can cause loss of life and livelihoods in exposed communities, damage or disrupt critical infrastructure and add stress to already fragile environments. Their impacts can be both short-term, e.g. physical damage, and long-term, e.g. sustained or permanent displacement of populations. The risk from volcanic eruptions and their attendant hazards is often underestimated beyond areas within the immediate proximity of a volcano. For example, volcanic ash hazards can have effects hundreds of kilometres away from the vent and have an adverse impact on human and animal health, infrastructure, transport, agriculture and horticulture, the environment and economies. The products of volcanism and their impacts can extend beyond country borders, to be regional and even global in scale.</span></p><p><span>Although known historical loss of life from volcanic eruptions (since 1600 AD about 280,000 fatalities are recorded, Auker et al. (2013)) is modest compared to other major natural hazards, volcanic eruptions can be catastrophic for exposed communities. In 1985 the town of Armero in Colombia was buried by lahars (volcanic mudflows) with more than 21,000 fatalities due to relatively small explosive eruptions at the summit of Nevado del Ruiz volcano that partially melted a glacier (Voight, 1990).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781316276273.004","isbn":"9781316276273","usgsCitation":"Brown, S.K., Loughlin, S.C., Sparks, R.S., Vye-Brown, C., Barclay, J., Calder, E., Cottrell, E., Jolly, G., Komorowski, J., Mandeville, C., Newhall, C., Palma, J., Potter, S., and Valentine, G., 2015, Global volcanic hazards and risk, chap. <i>of</i> Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk, p. 81-173, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316276273.004.","productDescription":"93 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"173","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065048","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56349579e4b048076347fd7d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Loughlin, S. C.","contributorId":149548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughlin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578808,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparks, R. S. J.","contributorId":46686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578810,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, S. K.","contributorId":149551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578811,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenkins, S. F.","contributorId":149564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenkins","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578829,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vye-Brown, C.","contributorId":149549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vye-Brown","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578873,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Brown, S. K.","contributorId":149551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loughlin, S. C.","contributorId":149548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughlin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sparks, R. S. J.","contributorId":46686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vye-Brown, C.","contributorId":149549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vye-Brown","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barclay, J.","contributorId":41168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barclay","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Calder, E.","contributorId":149552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calder","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cottrell, E.","contributorId":149553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cottrell","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jolly, G.","contributorId":149554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jolly","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Komorowski, J.C.","contributorId":82071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komorowski","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mandeville, Charlie 0000-0002-8485-3689 cmandeville@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8485-3689","contributorId":753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandeville","given":"Charlie","email":"cmandeville@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Newhall, C.","contributorId":16557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Palma, J.","contributorId":149556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palma","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Potter, S.","contributorId":149557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Valentine, G.","contributorId":149558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valentine","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70173499,"text":"70173499 - 2015 - Is income breeding an appropriate construct for waterfowl?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T11:51:27","indexId":"70173499","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2409,"text":"Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is income breeding an appropriate construct for waterfowl?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Breeding birds use a range of nutrient accumulation and allocation strategies to meet the nutritional demands of clutch formation and incubation. On one end of the spectrum, capital breeders use stored nutrients acquired prior to clutch formation and incubation to sustain metabolism during reproduction, while on the opposite end, income breeders derive nutrients solely from exogenous sources on the breeding grounds. Blue-winged Teal (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Anas discors</i><span>) are an ideal candidate to test for adoption of an income strategy among migratory waterfowl because of their small body size, temperate breeding range, and timing of reproduction relative to pulses in nutrient availability within breeding habitats. We collected migrating and pre-breeding Blue-winged Teal (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;110) during the warmest spring in over a century in the southern edge of the species&rsquo; breeding range, which produced ideal conditions to test for adoption of an income breeding strategy among migratory waterfowl. Regression analyses revealed that females accumulated protein and fat reserves early in follicle development and appeared to mobilize at least some reserves coincident with the onset of clutch formation. Accumulation and subsequent mobilization of nutrient reserves was inconsistent with adherence to an income breeding strategy and suggested breeding Blue-winged Teal used capital (albeit locally acquired) for reproduction. Our results add to existing knowledge on the ubiquity of endogenous nutrient reserve accumulation prior to and during reproduction by waterfowl, perhaps suggesting endogenous nutrient reserves are universally used for clutch formation or incubation to some degree. If indeed Blue-winged Teal and other waterfowl universally use capital for breeding, research and conservation efforts should shift from evaluating whether an income breeding strategy is used and focus on when and where necessary capital is acquired prior to clutch formation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/s10336-015-1200-y","usgsCitation":"Janke, A.K., Anteau, M.J., Markl, N., and Stafford, J.D., 2015, Is income breeding an appropriate construct for waterfowl?: Journal of Ornithology, v. 165, no. 3, p. 755-762, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-015-1200-y.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"755","endPage":"762","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058552","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9333e4b04f417c27515c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janke, Adam K. 0000-0003-2781-7857","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-7857","contributorId":130959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janke","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7176,"text":"Dept of Natl Res Mgmt, SDSU, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markl, Nicholas","contributorId":171697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markl","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stafford, Joshua D. jstafford@usgs.gov","contributorId":4267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Joshua","email":"jstafford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182467,"text":"70182467 - 2015 - Tree mortality predicted from drought-induced vascular damage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T12:46:12","indexId":"70182467","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree mortality predicted from drought-induced vascular damage","docAbstract":"<p><span>The projected responses of forest ecosystems to warming and drying associated with twenty-first-century climate change vary widely from resiliency to widespread tree mortality</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-2\" title=\"Cox, P. M. et al. Amazonian forest dieback under climate-carbon cycle projections for the 21st century. Theor. Appl. Clim. 78, 137-156 (2004).\" href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v8/n5/full/ngeo2400.html#ref1\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v8/n5/full/ngeo2400.html#ref1\">1</a>, <a id=\"ref-link-3\" title=\"Scholze, M., Knorr, W., Arnell, N. W. &amp; Prentice, I. C. A climate-change risk analysis for world ecosystems. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 13116-13120 (2006).\" href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v8/n5/full/ngeo2400.html#ref2\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v8/n5/full/ngeo2400.html#ref2\">2</a>, <a id=\"ref-link-4\" title=\"Huntingford, C. et al. Simulated resilience of tropical rainforests to CO2-induced climate change. Nature Geosci. 6, 268-273 (2013).\" href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v8/n5/full/ngeo2400.html#ref3\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v8/n5/full/ngeo2400.html#ref3\">3</a></sup><span>. Current vegetation models lack the ability to account for mortality of overstorey trees during extreme drought owing to uncertainties in mechanisms and thresholds causing mortality</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-5\" title=\"McDowell, N. G. et al. The interdependence of mechanisms underlying climate-driven vegetation mortality. Trends Ecol. Evol. 26, 523-532 (2011).\" href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v8/n5/full/ngeo2400.html#ref4\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v8/n5/full/ngeo2400.html#ref4\">4</a>, <a id=\"ref-link-6\" title=\"Powell, T. L. et al. Confronting model predictions of carbon fluxes with measurements of Amazon forests subjected to experimental drought. New Phytol. 200, 350-365 (2013).\" href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v8/n5/full/ngeo2400.html#ref5\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v8/n5/full/ngeo2400.html#ref5\">5</a></sup><span>. Here we assess the causes of tree mortality, using field measurements of branch hydraulic conductivity during ongoing mortality in </span><i>Populus tremuloides</i><span> in the southwestern United States and a detailed plant hydraulics model. We identify a lethal plant water stress threshold that corresponds with a loss of vascular transport capacity from air entry into the xylem. We then use this hydraulic-based threshold to simulate forest dieback during historical drought, and compare predictions against three independent mortality data sets. The hydraulic threshold predicted with 75% accuracy regional patterns of tree mortality as found in field plots and mortality maps derived from Landsat imagery. In a high-emissions scenario, climate models project that drought stress will exceed the observed mortality threshold in the southwestern United States by the 2050s. Our approach provides a powerful and tractable way of incorporating tree mortality into vegetation models to resolve uncertainty over the fate of forest ecosystems in a changing&nbsp;climate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/NGEO2400","usgsCitation":"Anderegg, W.R., Flint, A.L., Huang, C., Flint, L.E., Berry, J.A., Davis, F., Sperry, J.S., and Field, C.B., 2015, Tree mortality predicted from drought-induced vascular damage: Nature Geoscience, v. 8, p. 367-371, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2400.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"371","ipdsId":"IP-059538","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002c7e4b01ccd54fb27d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderegg, William R.L.","contributorId":147089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderegg","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.L.","affiliations":[{"id":16784,"text":"Princeton U.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":671207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huang, Cho-ying","contributorId":182348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Cho-ying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berry, Joseph A.","contributorId":182349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berry","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, Frank W.","contributorId":127849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Frank W.","affiliations":[{"id":7168,"text":"UCSB","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":671211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sperry, John S.","contributorId":182350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sperry","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Field, Christopher B.","contributorId":182351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Field","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70162083,"text":"70162083 - 2015 - Predicting redox conditions in groundwater at a regional scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T12:03:19","indexId":"70162083","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting redox conditions in groundwater at a regional scale","docAbstract":"<p>Defining the oxic-suboxic interface is often critical for determining pathways for nitrate transport in groundwater and to streams at the local scale. Defining this interface on a regional scale is complicated by the spatial variability of reaction rates. The probability of oxic groundwater in the Chesapeake Bay watershed was predicted by relating dissolved O<sub>2</sub> concentrations in groundwater samples to indicators of residence time and/or electron donor availability using logistic regression. Variables that describe surficial geology, position in the flow system, and soil drainage were important predictors of oxic water. The probability of encountering oxic groundwater at a 30 m depth and the depth to the bottom of the oxic layer were predicted for the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The influence of depth to the bottom of the oxic layer on stream nitrate concentrations and time lags (i.e., time period between land application of nitrogen and its effect on streams) are illustrated using model simulations for hypothetical basins. Regional maps of the probability of oxic groundwater should prove useful as indicators of groundwater susceptibility and stream susceptibility to contaminant sources derived from groundwater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b01869","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A., Terziotti, S., and Abrams, D.B., 2015, Predicting redox conditions in groundwater at a regional scale: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 49, no. 16, p. 9657-9664, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01869.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"9657","endPage":"9664","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064245","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78C9TC5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Depth to 50 percent probability of oxic conditions, Chesapeake Bay 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,{"id":70159788,"text":"70159788 - 2015 - Hydraulic fracturing water use variability in the United States and potential environmental implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-23T10:26:47","indexId":"70159788","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic fracturing water use variability in the United States and potential environmental implications","docAbstract":"<p>Until now, up-to-date, comprehensive, spatial, national-scale data on hydraulic fracturing water volumes have been lacking. Water volumes used (injected) to hydraulically fracture over 263,859 oil and gas wells drilled between 2000 and 2014 were compiled and used to create the first U.S. map of hydraulic fracturing water use. Although median annual volumes of 15,275 m3 and 19,425 m3 of water per well was used to hydraulically fracture individual horizontal oil and gas wells, respectively, in 2014, about 42% of wells were actually either vertical or directional, which required less than 2600 m3 water per well. The highest average hydraulic fracturing water usage (10,000&minus;36,620 m3 per well) in watersheds across the United States generally correlated with shale-gas areas (versus coalbed methane, tight oil, or tight gas) where the greatest proportion of hydraulically fractured wells were horizontally drilled, reflecting that the natural reservoir properties influence water use. This analysis also demonstrates that many oil and gas resources within a given basin are developed using a mix of horizontal, vertical, and some directional wells, explaining why large volume hydraulic fracturing water usage is not widespread. This spatial variability in hydraulic fracturing water use relates to the potential for environmental impacts such as water availability, water quality, wastewater disposal, and possible wastewater injection-induced earthquakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017278","usgsCitation":"Gallegos, T.J., Varela, B.A., Haines, S.S., and Engle, M.A., 2015, Hydraulic fracturing water use variability in the United States and potential environmental implications: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 7, p. 5839-5845, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017278.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5839","endPage":"5845","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063868","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017278","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":70159502,"text":"70159502 - 2015 - Water's Way at Sleepers River watershed – revisiting flow generation in a post-glacial landscape, Vermont USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:26:40","indexId":"70159502","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water's Way at Sleepers River watershed – revisiting flow generation in a post-glacial landscape, Vermont USA","docAbstract":"<p>The Sleepers River Research Watershed (SRRW) in Vermont, USA, has been the site of active hydrologic research since 1959 and was the setting where Dunne and Black demonstrated the importance and controls of saturation-excess overland flow (SOF) on streamflow generation. Here, we review the early studies from the SRRW and show how they guided our conceptual approach to hydrologic research at the SRRW during the most recent 25&thinsp;years. In so doing, we chronicle a shift in the field from early studies that relied exclusively on hydrometric measurements to today's studies that include chemical and isotopic approaches to further elucidate streamflow generation mechanisms. Highlights of this evolution in hydrologic understanding include the following: (i) confirmation of the importance of SOF to streamflow generation, and at larger scales than first imagined; (ii) stored catchment water dominates stream response, except under unusual conditions such as deep frozen ground; (iii) hydrometric, chemical and isotopic approaches to hydrograph separation yield consistent and complementary results; (iv) nitrate and sulfate isotopic compositions specific to atmospheric inputs constrain new water contributions to streamflow; and (v) convergent areas, or &lsquo;hillslope hollows&rsquo;, contribute disproportionately to event hydrographs. We conclude by summarizing some remaining challenges that lead us to a vision for the future of research at the SRRW to address fundamental questions in the catchment sciences.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10377","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., Sebestyen, S.D., McDonnell, J.J., McGlynn, B.L., and Dunne, T., 2015, Water's Way at Sleepers River watershed – revisiting flow generation in a post-glacial landscape, Vermont USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, no. 16, p. 3447-3459, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10377.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3447","endPage":"3459","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060314","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vk658z6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":311199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Sleepers River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.07829475402832,\n              44.43825371823474\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.07829475402832,\n              44.45688095465622\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.05168724060057,\n              44.45688095465622\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.05168724060057,\n              44.43825371823474\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.07829475402832,\n              44.43825371823474\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5645c660e4b0e2669b30f233","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen D.","contributorId":107562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":202934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36551,"text":"University of Saskatchewan, Canada, and University of Aberdeen, Scotland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGlynn, Brian L.","contributorId":83012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlynn","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunne, Thomas","contributorId":146518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunne","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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