The extended abstracts in this volume are summaries of the papers presented orally and as posters in the first V.E. McKelvey Forum on Mineral and Energy Resources, entitled \"USGS Research on Mineral Resources-1985.\" The Forum has been established to improve communication between the USGS and the earth science community by presenting the results of current USGS research on nonrenewable resources in a timely fashion and by providing an opportunity for individuals from other organizations to meet informally with USGS scientists and managers. It is our hope that the McKelvey Forum will help to make USGS programs more responsive to the needs of the earth science community, particularly the mining and petroleum industries, and will foster closer cooperation between organizations and individuals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir949","usgsCitation":"1985, USGS research on mineral resources, 1985 program and abstracts: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 949, viii, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir949.","productDescription":"viii, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"82","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1985/0949/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30346,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1985/0949/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fa64","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Krafft, Kathleen","contributorId":178812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krafft","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661126,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38542,"text":"pp1331 - 1985 - Validity of Darcy's law under transient conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:16","indexId":"pp1331","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1331","title":"Validity of Darcy's law under transient conditions","docAbstract":"Darcy 's Law, which describes fluid flow through porous materials, was developed for steady flow conditions. The validity of applying this law to transient flows has been mathematically verified for most ground-water flow conditions. The verification was accomplished through application of Hankel transforms to linearized Navier-Stokes equations which described flow in a small diameter cylindrical tube. The tube was chosen to represent a single pore in a porous medium. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1331","usgsCitation":"Mongan, C., 1985, Validity of Darcy's law under transient conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1331, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1331.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1331/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65310,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1331/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mongan, C.E.","contributorId":86780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mongan","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59941,"text":"mf1751 - 1985 - Maps showing sea-floor topography, depth to bedrock, and sediment thickness, Penobscot Bay, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T15:16:52","indexId":"mf1751","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1751","title":"Maps showing sea-floor topography, depth to bedrock, and sediment thickness, Penobscot Bay, Maine","docAbstract":"This report presents results of a high-resolution seismic-reflection survey conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey to determine the subbottom characteristics of Penobscot Bay, Maine. Penobscot Bay is one of the major embayments along the U.S. Atlantic coast (fig. 1), extending more than 50 km from the Gulf of Maine to the mouth of the Penobscot River. The bay constitutes an area of about 1,100 km\" and is divided into three main passages by numerous islands.
\nThe bay and surrounding coastal area have had a complex history of glaciation and sea-level change since late Wisconsinan time. The last ice sheet advanced across the area about 20,000 years ago, eroding the bedrock surface, removing most older sediments, and isostatically depressing the crust (Schafer and Hartshorn, 1965; Stuiver and Borns, 1975; Thompson, 1979). Deglaciation followed between about 12,700–13,500 years ago and was accompanied by a marine transgression (because of crustal depression), with ice and sea in contact (Stuiver and Borns, 1975; Thompson, 1979, 1982; Smith, 1982). Isostatic recovery of the crust then caused the coast to emerge during the immediate postglacial period, and emergence was completed by about 11,500 years ago (Stuiver and Borns, 1975; Thompson, 1979, 1982; Thompson and Smith, 1983). Finally, resubmergence of the Maine coast has accompanied the Holocene rise of sea level that began about 9,000 to 11,000 years ago (Bloom, 1963; Kaye and Barghoorn, 1964; Schmitker, 1974; Oldale and others, 1983).
\nIn the maps presented here, we illustrate and briefly describe the sea-floor topography, bedrock morphology, and variable sediment thickness within Penobscot Bay that were either produced or modified during the period of geologic change since late Wisconsinan time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1751","isbn":"0607815787","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H.J., and Scanlon, K.M., 1985, Maps showing sea-floor topography, depth to bedrock, and sediment thickness, Penobscot Bay, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1751, 2 Plates: 38.42 x 46.41 inches and 37.40 x 27.34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1751.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 38.42 x 46.41 inches and 37.40 x 27.34 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1751.JPG"},{"id":327313,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1751/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327314,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1751/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -69.08333333333333,44 ], [ -69.08333333333333,44.46666666666667 ], [ -68.66666666666667,44.46666666666667 ], [ -68.66666666666667,44 ], [ -69.08333333333333,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605e8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, Harley J.","contributorId":25930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"Harley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":43271,"text":"ofr85324 - 1985 - Land use and land cover and associated maps for Mena, Arkansas; Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:26","indexId":"ofr85324","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-324","title":"Land use and land cover and associated maps for Mena, Arkansas; Oklahoma","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr85324","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Land use and land cover and associated maps for Mena, Arkansas; Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-324, maps :photocopy ;56 x 93 cm., on sheets 76 x 107 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85324.","productDescription":"maps :photocopy ;56 x 93 cm., on sheets 76 x 107 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0d3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38544,"text":"pp1334 - 1985 - Coral zonation of the Mississippian System in the Western Interior Province of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:32","indexId":"pp1334","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1334","title":"Coral zonation of the Mississippian System in the Western Interior Province of North America","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1334","usgsCitation":"Sando, W., and Bamber, E., 1985, Coral zonation of the Mississippian System in the Western Interior Province of North America: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1334, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1334.","productDescription":"61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1334/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65312,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1334/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68568e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, W.J.","contributorId":59470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bamber, E.W.","contributorId":69634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bamber","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":40173,"text":"ofr8029 - 1985 - Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Big Rock Hill 7 1/2-minute Quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:52","indexId":"ofr8029","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-29","title":"Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Big Rock Hill 7 1/2-minute Quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr8029","usgsCitation":"Berge Exploration Inc., 1985, Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Big Rock Hill 7 1/2-minute Quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-29, 6 maps, 1 data sheet :photocopy ;58 x 47 cm. +1 pamphlet (i, 30 leaves : map ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8029.","productDescription":"6 maps, 1 data sheet :photocopy ;58 x 47 cm. +1 pamphlet (i, 30 leaves : map ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0029/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":70113,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0029/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":70114,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0029/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":70115,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0029/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":70116,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0029/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":70117,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0029/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":70118,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0029/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":70119,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0029/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":70120,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6e2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berge Exploration Inc.","contributorId":128031,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Berge Exploration Inc.","id":530030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59795,"text":"mf1715 - 1985 - Geologic map and cross sections of the Caribou Mountain Area, southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:13","indexId":"mf1715","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1715","title":"Geologic map and cross sections of the Caribou Mountain Area, southeastern Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf1715","usgsCitation":"Huntsman, J., and Platt, L., 1985, Geologic map and cross sections of the Caribou Mountain Area, southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1715, 1 map ;48 x 35 cm., on sheet 66 x 91 cm., folded in envelope 25 x 32 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1715.","productDescription":"1 map ;48 x 35 cm., on sheet 66 x 91 cm., folded in envelope 25 x 32 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106006,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7422.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7422"},{"id":184653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.41666666666667,43 ], [ -111.41666666666667,43.166666666666664 ], [ -111.25,43.166666666666664 ], [ -111.25,43 ], [ -111.41666666666667,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4a23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntsman, J.R.","contributorId":73277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntsman","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Platt, L.B.","contributorId":48633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32575,"text":"pp1276 - 1985 - Ground deformation associated with the 1975 magnitude-7.2 earthquake and resulting changes in activity of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:09","indexId":"pp1276","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1276","title":"Ground deformation associated with the 1975 magnitude-7.2 earthquake and resulting changes in activity of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1276","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., Lockwood, J.P., Okamura, R., Swanson, D.A., and Yamashita, K., 1985, Ground deformation associated with the 1975 magnitude-7.2 earthquake and resulting changes in activity of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1276, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1276.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1276/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60400,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1276/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dcf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okamura, R.T.","contributorId":96728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okamura","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yamashita, K.M.","contributorId":54603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamashita","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":59706,"text":"mf1631B - 1985 - Geologic map of the Sandia Mountain Wilderness, Bernalillo and Sandoval counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:18","indexId":"mf1631B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1631","chapter":"B","title":"Geologic map of the Sandia Mountain Wilderness, Bernalillo and Sandoval counties, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf1631B","usgsCitation":"Hedlund, D.C., 1985, Geologic map of the Sandia Mountain Wilderness, Bernalillo and Sandoval counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1631, 1 map ;64 x 26 cm., on sheet 81 x 86 cm., folded in envelope 25 x 32 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1631B.","productDescription":"1 map ;64 x 26 cm., on sheet 81 x 86 cm., folded in envelope 25 x 32 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106080,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7496.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7496"},{"id":182382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.5,35.1175 ], [ -106.5,35.333333333333336 ], [ -106.36749999999999,35.333333333333336 ], [ -106.36749999999999,35.1175 ], [ -106.5,35.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae7e4b07f02db68bdc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedlund, D. 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The site was selected for borehole geophysical research because it is included in a detailed groundwater study where the effects of flow in fractures on flow in overlying drift deposits is being studied. Three of the boreholes are approximately 100 meters in depth, and the fourth is approximately 230 meters in depth. All four boreholes were logged with caliper, acoustic, gamma, single-point-resistivity, and acoustic televiewer logs. Fracture sets dipping approximately 45 degrees to the east were detected in all four boreholes. Two sets of deeper fractures were detected near the bottom of the deepest borehole. Acoustic waveform logs were obtained in all boreholes using three different source frequencies, 34, 15, and 5 kilohertz, for future comparison with surface to borehole seismic data.
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E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schreiner, R.A.","contributorId":66754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiner","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":67386,"text":"i1568 - 1985 - Piedmont geology of the Spotsylvania Quadrangle, Spotsylvania County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:11","indexId":"i1568","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1568","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Piedmont geology of the Spotsylvania Quadrangle, Spotsylvania County, Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1568","usgsCitation":"Wier, K., and Pavlides, L., 1985, Piedmont geology of the Spotsylvania Quadrangle, Spotsylvania County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1568, 1 map :col. ;58 x 46 cm., on sheet 86 x 95 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1568.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;58 x 46 cm., on sheet 86 x 95 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106809,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9318.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9318"},{"id":189767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.61749999999999,38.1175 ], [ -77.61749999999999,38.25 ], [ -77.5,38.25 ], [ -77.5,38.1175 ], [ -77.61749999999999,38.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6858c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wier, Karen","contributorId":60608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wier","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlides, Louis","contributorId":79444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlides","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":276105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":40509,"text":"ofr8039 - 1985 - Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Twin Buttes 7 1/2-minute Quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:09","indexId":"ofr8039","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-39","title":"Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Twin Buttes 7 1/2-minute Quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr8039","usgsCitation":"Berge Exploration Inc., 1985, Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Twin Buttes 7 1/2-minute Quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-39, 3 maps, 4 data sheets :photocopy ;58 x 48 cm. +1 pamphlet (i, 17 leaves : ill.,map ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8039.","productDescription":"3 maps, 4 data sheets :photocopy ;58 x 48 cm. +1 pamphlet (i, 17 leaves : ill.,map ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":75890,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0039/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":75891,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0039/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":75892,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0039/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":75893,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0039/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":75894,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0039/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":75895,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0039/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":75896,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0039/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":75897,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6c97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berge Exploration Inc.","contributorId":128031,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Berge Exploration Inc.","id":530287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42753,"text":"ofr85352 - 1985 - Preliminary slope stability map showing relative susceptibility to landsliding in the Marietta area, Washington County, southeastern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:08","indexId":"ofr85352","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-352","title":"Preliminary slope stability map showing relative susceptibility to landsliding in the Marietta area, Washington County, southeastern Ohio","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr85352","usgsCitation":"Pomeroy, J.S., 1985, Preliminary slope stability map showing relative susceptibility to landsliding in the Marietta area, Washington County, southeastern Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-352, 1 map :photocopy ;77 x 87 cm. on sheet 90 x 96 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85352.","productDescription":"1 map :photocopy ;77 x 87 cm. on sheet 90 x 96 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80542,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0352/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aace4b07f02db66af4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pomeroy, John S.","contributorId":18329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomeroy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33881,"text":"b1626C - 1985 - Significance of tourmaline-rich rocks in the Grenville Complex of St. Lawrence County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-19T10:47:57","indexId":"b1626C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1626","chapter":"C","title":"Significance of tourmaline-rich rocks in the Grenville Complex of St. Lawrence County, New York","docAbstract":"Feldspathic quartzite and metapelite of Middle Proterozic age north of Gouverneur, N.Y., contain abundant dravite-uvite (magnesian tourmaline). These rocks, more than 1,000 feet thick, are regionally metamorphosed to the upper amphibolite facies, are pyritic, and locally contain porphyroblastic scapolite. The rocks are underlain by talctremolite schist and a thick sequence of calcitic and dolomitic marble, and are overlain by quartz, calc-silicate carbonate rock, and a pyroxene scapolite unit. All rocks are part of the metasedimentary Grenville Complex.
Individual tourmaline-rich layers in the quartzite are as thick as 3 cm and contain as much as 50 percent finegrained, brownish-green dravite. Subjacent talc schist contains fine-grained amber dravite, and silicated marble locally contains brown porphyroblasts of uvite. Gneissic granite, pegmatite, and migmatitic segregations cutting the tourmaline-bearing quartzite, gneisses, and schists are rich in black schorl.
Tourmalines from the tourmaline-rich quartzite and other metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks were analyzed by means of an electron microprobe. The compositions of tourmalines in the North Gouverneur area are clearly a function of the bulk composition of the rock. Tourmaline compositions in the quartzite have a wide range in FeO/(Fe+MgO) ratios, from 0.15 to 0.58, which are distinct from the ratios for tourmalines in granitic and pegmatitic rocks that range from 0.55 to 0.75. Tourmalines in the area have Na2O contents that range from 0.85 to 4.25 weight percent. Aluminum in all tourmalines ranges widely from about 25 to 37 weight percent AI 2O3 . The most heterogeneous tourmaline compositions are in the quartzites, although most compositions cluster in the dravite-uvite solid solution series. Substitutions involving Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Al result in the following compositional schemes: Na+Fe = Al+vacancy, and Na = Ca. Such coupled substitutions probably represent valid constraints for tourmalines from North Gouverneur.
The abundance of magnesian tourmaline in the metasedimentary rocks of the North Gouverneur area is comparable to that of tourmaline-rich rocks associated with sedimenthosted massive sulfide deposits for example, Sullivan Mine, British Columbia. A recently described large lead-zinc deposit at Dugald River, Australia, is associated with tourmaline- and scapolite-bearing rocks similar in many respects to those north of Gouverneur. Compared with known tourmaline compositions in the Sullivan Mine area, tourmalines from North Gouverneur have comparable FeO and MgO values. We suggest that other tourmaline components such as a low TiO2 content, variable Na/(Na + Ca + K) ratios, and the antipathetic correlation of Na and Ca might also be useful in discriminating tourmalines associated with ore deposits.
Ore bodies at the nearby Balmat-Edwards mining district are in marbles associated with rocks of evaporitic origin. The boron- and scapolite-rich rocks under consideration in this study possibly also are related to an evaporite-producing environment. Similar rocks that have an evaporite origin are associated with stratabound sulfide deposits at many places.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1626C","usgsCitation":"Brown, C., and Ayuso, R.A., 1985, Significance of tourmaline-rich rocks in the Grenville Complex of St. Lawrence County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1626, iv, C33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1626C.","productDescription":"iv, C33 p.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":166163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1626c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61766,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1626c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3d4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. Ervin","contributorId":58616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C. Ervin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":212106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":42093,"text":"ofr85752 - 1985 - Aeromagnetic map of the Clan Alpine Mountains, west-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:10","indexId":"ofr85752","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-752","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Clan Alpine Mountains, west-central Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr85752","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Aeromagnetic map of the Clan Alpine Mountains, west-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-752, 2 maps :photocopy ;44 x 75 cm., on sheets 70 x 92 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85752.","productDescription":"2 maps :photocopy ;44 x 75 cm., on sheets 70 x 92 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79836,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0752/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79837,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0752/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696ef2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47631,"text":"wri854009 - 1985 - Altitude and configuration of the water table in the High Plains aquifer in Kansas, 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:24","indexId":"wri854009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4009","title":"Altitude and configuration of the water table in the High Plains aquifer in Kansas, 1980","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer in Kansas is a part of a regional system that extends from South Dakota to Texas. The aquifer in Kansas underlies an area of 31,000 square miles in the western and south-central part of the State. This aquifer is a hydraulically connected assemblage of unconsolidated water-bearing deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age. Maps published at a scale of 1:500 ,000 show the altitude and configuration of the water table in Kansas during 1980. Ground water moves from higher altitudes in the western part of the high Plains to lower altitudes in the eastern part at an average rate of 10 feet per mile. The up-gradient flexure of water-table contours along some of the valleys indicates that ground water discharges to the streams in those areas. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri854009","usgsCitation":"Pabst, M.E., and Stullken, L.E., 1985, Altitude and configuration of the water table in the High Plains aquifer in Kansas, 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4009, 1 map : photocopy ; 70 x 90 cm., on sheet 93 x 130 cm., folded to 22 x 22 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854009.","productDescription":"1 map : photocopy ; 70 x 90 cm., on sheet 93 x 130 cm., folded to 22 x 22 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":84559,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4009/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6869b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pabst, Marilyn E.","contributorId":25566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pabst","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stullken, Lloyd E.","contributorId":60609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stullken","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":60356,"text":"mf1741 - 1985 - Geologic map of the Stanwood Quadrangle, Snohomish County, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23939,"text":"ofr80462 - 1980 - Distribution and description of the geologic units in the Stanwood Quadrangle, Washington","indexId":"ofr80462","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Distribution and description of the geologic units in the Stanwood Quadrangle, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":60356,"text":"mf1741 - 1985 - Geologic map of the Stanwood Quadrangle, Snohomish County, Washington","indexId":"mf1741","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Stanwood Quadrangle, Snohomish County, Washington"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:18","indexId":"mf1741","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1741","title":"Geologic map of the Stanwood Quadrangle, Snohomish County, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf1741","usgsCitation":"Minard, J.P., 1985, Geologic map of the Stanwood Quadrangle, Snohomish County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1741, 1 map ;58 x 39 cm., on sheet 83 x 73 cm., folded in envelope 25 x 32 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1741.","productDescription":"1 map ;58 x 39 cm., on sheet 83 x 73 cm., folded in envelope 25 x 32 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106088,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7504.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7504"},{"id":182894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.36749999999999,48.1175 ], [ -122.36749999999999,48.25 ], [ -122.25,48.25 ], [ -122.25,48.1175 ], [ -122.36749999999999,48.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minard, J. P.","contributorId":8065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15321,"text":"ofr85419 - 1985 - Acoustic-televiewer and acoustic-waveform logs used to characterize deeply buried basalt flows, Hanford site, Benton County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T19:18:08.240941","indexId":"ofr85419","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-419","title":"Acoustic-televiewer and acoustic-waveform logs used to characterize deeply buried basalt flows, Hanford site, Benton County, Washington","docAbstract":"Acoustic-waveform and acoustic-televiewer logs were obtained for a 400-meter interval of deeply buried basalt flows in three boreholes, and over shorter intervals in two additional boreholes located on the U.S. Department of Energy 's Hanford site in Benton County, Washington. Borehole-wall breakouts were observed in the unaltered interiors of a large part of individual basalt flows; however, several of the flows in one of the five boreholes had almost no breakouts. The distribution of breakouts observed on the televiewer logs correlated closely with the incidence of core disking in some intervals, but the correlation was not always perfect, perhaps because of the differences in the specific fracture mechanisms involved. Borehole-wall breakouts were consistently located on the east and west sides of the boreholes. The orientation is consistent with previous estimates of the principal horizontal-stress field in south-central Washington, if breakouts are assumed to form along the azimuth of the least principal stress. The distribution of breakouts repeatedly indicated an interval of breakout-free rock at the top and bottom of flows. Because breakouts frequently terminate at major low-angle fractures, the data indicate that fracturing may have relieved some of the horizontal stresses near flow tops and bottoms. Unaltered and unfractured basalt appeared to have a uniform compressional velocity of 6.0 + or - 0.1 km/sec and a uniform shear velocity of 3.35 + or - 0.1 km/sec throughout flow interiors. Acoustics-waveform logs also indicated that borehole-wall breakouts did not affect acoustic propagation along the borehole; so fracturing associated with the formation of breakouts appeared to be confined to a thin annulus of stress concentration around the borehole. Televiewer logs obtained before and after hydraulic fracturing in these boreholes indicated the extent of induced fractures, and also indicated minor changes to pre-existing fractures that may have been inflated during fracture generation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr85419","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 1985, Acoustic-televiewer and acoustic-waveform logs used to characterize deeply buried basalt flows, Hanford site, Benton County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-419, ix, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85419.","productDescription":"ix, 90 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405274,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75804.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":44251,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0419/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0419/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Benton County","otherGeospatial":"Hanford site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.97344970703124,\n 46.2957133089894\n ],\n [\n -119.234619140625,\n 46.2957133089894\n ],\n [\n -119.234619140625,\n 46.64377960861833\n ],\n [\n -119.97344970703124,\n 46.64377960861833\n ],\n [\n -119.97344970703124,\n 46.2957133089894\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a05f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}