Detailed surveys throughout San Francisco Bay over an annual cycle (1980) show that seasonal variations of phytoplankton biomass, community composition, and productivity can differ markedly among estuarine habitat types. For example, in the river-dominated northern reach (Suisun Bay) phytoplankton seasonality is characterized by a prolonged summer bloom of netplanktonic diatoms that results from the accumulation of suspended particulates at the convergence of nontidal currents (i.e. where residence time is long). Here turbidity is persistently high such that phytoplankton growth and productivity are severely limited by light availability, the phytoplankton population turns over slowly, and biological processes appear to be less important mechanisms of temporal change than physical processes associated with freshwater inflow and turbulent mixing. The South Bay, in contrast, is a lagoon-type estuary less directly coupled to the influence of river discharge. Residence time is long (months) in this estuary, turbidity is lower and estimated rates of population growth are high (up to 1-2 doublings d-1), but the rapid production of phytoplankton biomass is presumably balanced by grazing losses to benthic herbivores. Exceptions occur for brief intervals (days to weeks) during spring when the water column stratifies so that algae retained in the surface layer are uncoupled from benthic grazing, and phytoplankton blooms develop. The degree of stratification varies over the neap-spring tidal cycle, so the South Bay represents an estuary where (1) biological processes (growth, grazing) and a physical process (vertical mixing) interact to cause temporal variability of phytoplankton biomass, and (2) temporal variability is highly dynamic because of the short-term variability of tides. Other mechanisms of temporal variability in estuarine phytoplankton include: zooplankton grazing, exchanges of microalgae between the sediment and water column, and horizontal dispersion which transports phytoplankton from regions of high productivity (shallows) to regions of low productivity (deep channels). Multi-year records of phytoplankton biomass show that large deviations from the typical annual cycles observed in 1980 can occur, and that interannual variability is driven by variability of annual precipitation and river discharge. Here, too, the nature of this variability differs among estuary types. Blooms occur only in the northern reach when river discharge falls within a narrow range, and the summer biomass increase was absent during years of extreme drought (1977) or years of exceptionally high discharge (1982). In South Bay, however, there is a direct relationship between phytoplankton biomass and river discharge. As discharge increases so does the buoyancy input required for density stratification, and wet years are characterized by persistent and intense spring blooms. ?? 1985 Dr W. Junk Publishers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00048693","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., Cole, B., Wong, R., and Alpine, A., 1985, Temporal dynamics of estuarine phytoplankton: A case study of San Francisco Bay: Hydrobiologia, v. 129, no. 1, p. 153-176, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048693.","startPage":"153","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205293,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048693"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba50ae4b08c986b320773","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wong, R.L.J.","contributorId":106642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"R.L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alpine, A.E.","contributorId":6063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpine","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156295,"text":"70156295 - 1985 - Differences in in vivo fluorescence yield between three phytoplankton size classes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T15:17:34","indexId":"70156295","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2430,"text":"Journal of Plankton Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in in vivo fluorescence yield between three phytoplankton size classes","docAbstract":"The size-dependent relationship between in vivo fluorescence (IVF) and chlorophyll a was determined for monthly phytoplankton samples from the San Francisco Bay estuary. Chlorophyll a and IVF were both measured on netplankton (>22 μm), nanoplankton (5–22 μm), and ultraplankton (<5 μm) samples that were separated with screens. IVF and chlorophyll a were linearly related for each size class, but the IVF per unit chlorophyll a (R) was significantly different between these three size classes. The ultraplankton R was twice that of the nanoplankton which was in turn twice the netplankton R. Hence, accurate size fractionation of phytoplankton biomass from measures of IVF requires correction for size-dependent variations in R.
","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/plankt/7.3.381","usgsCitation":"Alpine, A.E., and Cloern, J.E., 1985, Differences in in vivo fluorescence yield between three phytoplankton size classes: Journal of Plankton Research, v. 7, no. 3, p. 381-390, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/7.3.381.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"390","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8aee4b0518e3546a4b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpine, Andrea E.","contributorId":54927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpine","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164486,"text":"70164486 - 1985 - Effect of adherent bacteria and bacterial extracellular polymers upon assimilation by Macoma balthica of sediment-bound Cd, Zn and Ag","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:20:16","indexId":"70164486","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of adherent bacteria and bacterial extracellular polymers upon assimilation by Macoma balthica of sediment-bound Cd, Zn and Ag","docAbstract":"Effects of adherent bacteria and bacterial extracellular polymer (exopolymer) upon uptake of particle-bound Cd, Zn and Ag by the deposit-feeding clam Macoma balthica were studied in the laboratory. Amorphous iron oxyhydroxide and unaltered and alkaline-extracted sediments were used as model particulates in separate, controlled deposit-feeding experiments. In general, amounts of metal taken up from ingested particles varied dramatically with the nature of the particle surface. Ingestion of contaminated iron oxide particles did not contribute to overall uptake of Cd and Ag in feeding clams, but accounted for 89 to 99% of total Zn uptake. Exopolymer adsorbed on iron oxide particles caused an increase in the biological availability of particle-bound metals in the order Ag>Cd>Zn, whereas adherent bacteria up to 3.2 X 1011 g-1 had no effect upon amounts of metal taken up from ingested particulates. At the higher Cd and Ag concentrations employed (3.6 X 10-7M), feeding rates declined with increasing amounts of iron oxide-bound exopolymer, suggesting behavioral avoidance due to increased metal availability. Much of the Cd (57 %) taken up by clams feeding on unaltered estuarine sediments originated from particulates, even though particle/solute distribution of Cd (86%) was similar to that in experiments with iron oxide particles. Uptake of Cd from alkalineextracted sediments was insignificant, as it was from unamended iron oxide. However, addition of exopolymer (10 mgg-1 sediment) caused a restoration nn bioavailability of sediment-bound Cd.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Res","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., and Luoma, S.N., 1985, Effect of adherent bacteria and bacterial extracellular polymers upon assimilation by Macoma balthica of sediment-bound Cd, Zn and Ag: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 22, p. 281-289.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v22/"}],"volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b9ca52e4b08d617f63a807","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170445,"text":"70170445 - 1985 - Ground-water and surface-water interactions in Minnesota and Wisconsin wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T12:13:55","indexId":"70170445","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-01T15:30:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ground-water and surface-water interactions in Minnesota and Wisconsin wetlands","docAbstract":"The interaction between ground water and surface water in wetlands is complex and depends on the hydrologic setting of the particular wetland. Hydrologic characteristics have been used in Wisconsin to classify wetlands into four categories; surface-waterdepression wetlands, surface-water-slope wetlands, ground-waterdepression wetlands, and ground-water-slope wetlands, as described by Novitzki (1978). The degree of ground- and surface-water interactions differs between the four categories.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The ecology and management of wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Timber Press","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4684-8378-9_14","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.G., Stark, J., and Patterson, G.L., 1985, Ground-water and surface-water interactions in Minnesota and Wisconsin wetlands, chap. of The ecology and management of wetlands, p. 176-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8378-9_14.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"180","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a843e4b0ef3b7caba58e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. G.","contributorId":106118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, G. L.","contributorId":35356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156298,"text":"70156298 - 1985 - Seasonal cycles of zooplankton from San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-01T20:43:08.2016","indexId":"70156298","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal cycles of zooplankton from San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"The two estuarine systems composing San Francisco Bay have distinct zooplankton communities and seasonal population dynamics. In the South Bay, a shallow lagoon-type estuary, the copepods Acartia spp. and Oithona davisae dominate. As in estuaries along the northeast coast of the U.S., there is a seasonal succession involving the replacement of a cold-season Acartia species (A. clausi s.l.) by a warm-season species (A. californiensis), presumably resulting from the differential production and hatching of dormant eggs. Oithona davisae is most abundant during the fall. Copepods of northern San Francisco Bay, a partially-mixed estuary of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Rivers, organize into discrete populations according to salinity distribution: Sinocalanus doerrii (a recently introduced species) at the riverine boundary, Eurytemora affinis in the oligohaline mixing zone, Acartia spp. in polyhaline waters (18–30\\%), and neritic species (e.g., Paracalanus parvus) at the seaward boundary. Sinocalanus doerrii and E. affinis are present year-round. Acartia clausi s.l. is present almost year-round in the northern reach, and A. californiensis occurs only briefly there in summer-fall. The difference in succession of Acartia species between the two regions of San Francisco Bay may reflect differences in the seasonal temperature cycle (the South Bay warms earlier), and the perennial transport of A. clausi s.l. into the northern reach from the seaward boundary by nontidal advection.
Large numbers (>106 m−3) of net microzooplankton (>64 µm), in cluding the rotifer Synchaeta sp. and three species of tintinnid ciliates, occur in the South Bay and in the seaward northern reach where salinity exceeds about 5–10‰ Maximum densities of these microzooplankton are associated with high concentrations of chlorophyll. Meroplankton (of gastropods, bivalves, barnacles, and polychaetes) constitute a large fraction of zooplankton biomass in the South Bay during winter-spring and in the northern reach during summer-fall.
Seasonal cycles of zooplankton abundance appear to be constant among years (1978–1981) and are similar in the deep (>10 m) channels and lateral shoals (<3 m). The seasonal zooplankton community dynamics are discussed in relation to: (1) river discharge which alters salinity distribution and residence time of plankton; (2) temperature which induces production and hatching of dormant copepod eggs; (3) coastal hydrography which brings neritic copepods of different zoogeographic affinities into the bay; and (4) seasonal cycles of phytoplankton.
Simultaneous acquisition of surface chlorophyll-a concentrations for 39 samples from boats and Daedalus 1260 Multispectral Scanner data from a U-2 aircraft was conducted in the northern reaches of San Francisco Bay on 28 August 1980. These data were used to develop regression models for predicting surface chlorophyll-a concentrations over the study area for ebb-tide (8.40 a.m. P.D.T. (Pacific Daylight Time)) and flood-tide (3.10 p.m. P.D.T.) conditions. After selection of a single ‘best fitting’ model for both morning and afternoon data sets, the chlorophyll-a concentration was predicted for ebb and flood tide for the entire study area at approximately 40m × 40m resolution. The predicted spatial display of chlorophyll-a revealed a localized area of high phytoplankton biomass that has been inferred from field surveys and appears to be a common summer phenomenon.
\nKnowledge of the distribution of phytoplankton and the location of this zone of high biomass is valuable in establishing management policies for this ecologically important estuary. Furthermore, the techniques used here may provide an alternative cost-effective method for assessing water-quality conditions and they may prove useful for studying spatial variations (patchiness) and seasonal variations in phytoplankton biomass in other estuaries and coastal waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431168508948318","usgsCitation":"Catts, G.P., Khorram, S., Cloern, J.E., Knight, A.W., and Degloria, S.D., 1985, Remote sensing of tidal chlorophyll-a variations in estuaries: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 6, no. 11, p. 1685-1706, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168508948318.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1685","endPage":"1706","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1980-08-28","temporalEnd":"1980-08-28","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 37.339591851359174\n ],\n [\n -121.83837890625,\n 37.339591851359174\n ],\n [\n -121.83837890625,\n 38.156156969924915\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 38.156156969924915\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 37.339591851359174\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6f4e4b058f706e53e4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catts, Glenn P.","contributorId":147307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Catts","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Khorram, Siamak","contributorId":147308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khorram","given":"Siamak","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knight, Allen W.","contributorId":147309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knight","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7082,"text":"University of California - Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Degloria, Stephen D.","contributorId":147310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Degloria","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13243,"text":"University of California Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157274,"text":"70157274 - 1985 - Metallic-mineral assessment of the Jabal Habashi quadrangle, sheet 26F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T17:48:48","indexId":"70157274","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-31T19:45:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Metallic-mineral assessment of the Jabal Habashi quadrangle, sheet 26F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"An interagency report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabian Mission for the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
\nThe work on which this report was based was performed in accordance with a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"Richter, D.H., Allen, M.S., Du Bray, E., Kleinkopf, M.D., and Pallister, J.S., 1985, Metallic-mineral assessment of the Jabal Habashi quadrangle, sheet 26F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Report: v, 54 p., maps (some color).","productDescription":"Report: v, 54 p., maps (some color)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 43.5,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 43.5,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92c2e4b05d6c4e501aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Donlad H.","contributorId":91891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donlad","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Michael S.","contributorId":67375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Du Bray, E. A.","contributorId":22333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du Bray","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleinkopf, M. Dean","contributorId":37723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinkopf","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70207662,"text":"70207662 - 1985 - Development of a computerized wetlands mapping data base for use in section 404 jurisdictional determinatins in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-02T17:15:20","indexId":"70207662","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-31T17:08:19","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of a computerized wetlands mapping data base for use in section 404 jurisdictional determinatins in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Development and habitat alteration in the San Francisco Bay-Delta system have placed the remaining wetlands in jeopardy. The Bay-Delta wetlands will be mapped in a joint project of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). Maps at a 1:24,000 scale will be produced for the entire study area. High altitude color infrared photography from 1985 and historical photographs from 1976-77 and the mid-1950's for selected areas of the Bay-Delta will be used. A wetland change analysis of the Bay-Delta area will be used to define current habitat boundaries for planning a mitigation strategy to manage the system.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal zone '85 : Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Zone '85 : Fourth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"July 30- August 2, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Cotter, P.J., Johnston, J.B., Quammen, M.L., and Peters, D., 1985, Development of a computerized wetlands mapping data base for use in section 404 jurisdictional determinatins in San Francisco Bay, in Coastal zone '85 : Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, Baltimore, MD, July 30- August 2, 1985, p. 1360-1368.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1360","endPage":"1368","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.95074462890625,\n 37.391981943533544\n ],\n [\n -121.28906250000001,\n 37.391981943533544\n ],\n [\n -121.28906250000001,\n 38.33088431959971\n ],\n [\n -122.95074462890625,\n 38.33088431959971\n ],\n [\n -122.95074462890625,\n 37.391981943533544\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cotter, Patrick J.","contributorId":221573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cotter","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, James B.","contributorId":78039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quammen, Millicent L.","contributorId":218143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quammen","given":"Millicent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peters, Dennis","contributorId":218279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204239,"text":"70204239 - 1985 - Analysis of colonial wading bird habitat in coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-16T09:57:11","indexId":"70204239","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-31T15:28:21","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Analysis of colonial wading bird habitat in coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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The average extrusive regime of ash flow magmatism operates at a rate of about 0.001 km3/yr; progressively larger episodes of increasing repose times characterize the evolution of caldera-forming eruptions. The intrusive regime operates at an inferred average rate of about 0.01 km3/yr expressed in terms of the volumetric influx of mafic magma from the mantle, based on the record of silicic rates of extrusion and a 10:1 intrusive to extrusive ratio derived from evidence of zoned silicic systems. This rate is almost identical with the mean cumulative rate for the Hawaiian-Emperor system of basaltic volcanism, which is determined to be 0.015 km3/yr. Fluctuations about a mean rate of 10−2 km3/yr lead to a threefold classification of magmatic regimes in terms of source power, depending on whether they are persistently greater than (HHER regime), about equal to (MHER regime), or lower than (LHER regime) the mean Hawaiian-Emperor rate. Ash flow magmatism correlates with the MHER regime, averaged over a sufficiently long time. Thus the conditions of Hawaiian-Emperor magmatism are identified with a characteristic power of magma transfer rates that optimize mechanisms for creation of high-level chambers of derivative and fractionated silicic magma (terminology of Smith (1979)) within sufficiently localized regions of high residence times. These conditions represent a balance point, and a bifurcation, in dynamic paths of magmatic evolution leading to widely divergent types of plutonic-volcanic associations. Categorical examples of the principal types of igneous path are discussed relative to continental basalt, silicic ash flow, batholithic granite, and intrusive porphyry systems. The Henry Mountains, Utah, are thought to represent an example of an intrusive porphyry generated in the LHER regime of a mafic source system lacking sufficient power for volcanic expression or significant mineralization. Long Valley, California (and possibly other systems along the eastern front of the Sierra Nevada), is an example operating at the mean rate with transient excursions to higher and lower rates. In regions of rapid extension and/or volcanic propagation (whether linear or areal) these regimes give rise to basaltic eruptions ranging from isolated cinder cones to flood basalts.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB13p11275","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Shaw, H.R., 1985, Links between magma-tectonic rate balances, plutonism, and volcanism: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B13, p. 11,275-11,288, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB13p11275.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"11,275","endPage":"11,288","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"B13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, H. R.","contributorId":23952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207636,"text":"70207636 - 1985 - Age of biostratigraphic horizons within the Ordovician and Silurian systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T12:23:52.975621","indexId":"70207636","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-31T13:55:50","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1784,"text":"Geological Society Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of biostratigraphic horizons within the Ordovician and Silurian systems","docAbstract":"Three samples that have a bearing on the age of horizons within the Ordovician and Silurian systems, two previously dated by the conventional K-Ar method and one by the 40Ar/39 Ar total-fusion method, have been reanalysed using the 40Ar/39Ar age-spectrum method. Conventional K-Ar and total-fusion 40Ar/39Ar ages can always be questioned because of the relative ease with which the K-Ar system can be disturbed, either thermally or chemically (i.e. Dalrymple & Lanphere 1969; Clauer et al. 1982). The 40Ar/39Ar age-spectrum method has the potential for identifying disturbed K-Ar systems (i.e. Berger 1975; Harrison & McDougall 1980). The authors feel that the age-spectrum data from these samples are significant because the previous results for these samples have been questioned in recently proposed Palaeozoic time-scales because of a possible disturbance of the K-Ar isotopic system (i.e. Gale et al. 1979, 1980; Gale 1982).
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.MEM.1985.010.01.10","usgsCitation":"Kunk, M.J., Sutter, J., Obradovich, J.D., and Lanphere, M.A., 1985, Age of biostratigraphic horizons within the Ordovician and Silurian systems: Geological Society Memoir, v. 10, no. 1, p. 89-92, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.MEM.1985.010.01.10.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutter, J.","contributorId":20083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obradovich, J. D.","contributorId":48966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207633,"text":"70207633 - 1985 - Volcanic rocks as sources of uranium: Current perspective and future directions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T14:36:59.090409","indexId":"70207633","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-31T11:44:52","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Volcanic rocks as sources of uranium: Current perspective and future directions","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Uranium deposits in volcanic rocks: Proceedings of a Technical Committee Meeting on Uranium Deposits in Volcanic Rocks","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceDate":"April 2-5, 1984","conferenceLocation":"El Paso, Texas","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., 1985, Volcanic rocks as sources of uranium: Current perspective and future directions, in Uranium deposits in volcanic rocks: Proceedings of a Technical Committee Meeting on Uranium Deposits in Volcanic Rocks, El Paso, Texas, April 2-5, 1984, p. 83-95.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"95","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70236911,"text":"70236911 - 1985 - Geology and mineral resources of West Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T16:33:58.960035","indexId":"70236911","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-31T11:26:46","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Geology and mineral resources of West Africa","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"George Allen & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd.","doi":"10.1007/978-94-015-3932-6","usgsCitation":"Wright, J.B., Hastings, D.A., Jones, W.B., and Williams, H.R., 1985, Geology and mineral resources of West Africa, 187 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-3932-6.","productDescription":"187 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"West Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -18.6,\n 3.162455530237848\n ],\n [\n 13.53515625,\n 3.162455530237848\n ],\n [\n 13.53515625,\n 19.8\n ],\n [\n -18.6,\n 19.8\n ],\n [\n -18.6,\n 3.162455530237848\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, J. B.","contributorId":296886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hastings, D. A.","contributorId":48197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, W. B.","contributorId":296887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, H. R.","contributorId":296888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70236860,"text":"70236860 - 1985 - Automated derivation of hydrologic basin characteristics from digital elevation model data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T15:05:54.578789","indexId":"70236860","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-31T09:49:07","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Automated derivation of hydrologic basin characteristics from digital elevation model data","docAbstract":"Digital elevation model (DEM) data in a raster format can be used to automatically derive the drainage characteristics of an area. A procedure has been designed that is capable of operating on matrices of elevation data having no algorithmically imposed size limit, while performing within the resolution and accuracy tolerances of the DEM data.
Each cell is processed as the center of a 3- by 3-cell spatial window in the raster elevation data. If a cell is a local minimum in comparison with two of its non-adjacent neighbors, it is labeled as a drainage cell. The linkages of the drainage cells within user-specified distance and elevation thresholds are established in a separate process. The products of these processing steps are digital masks of the drainage cells and the watershed basins, both in raster format.
A drainage cell mask derived using this procedure is useful in computing slope values for a raster data base. Slope has traditionally been calculated for each cell by fitting a plane through the eight nearest cells. However, if the terrain represented by these cells is V-shaped, such as a gully, a plane does not fit well; in fact, the desired slope value is the slope along the bottom of the gully, regardless of the steepness of the gully sides. The automated drainage process will label such a cell as a drainage cell, and its slope can then be computed from the elevation values of neighboring drainage cells.
","largerWorkTitle":"Auto-Carto VII: Proceedings of the digital representations of spatial knowledge","conferenceTitle":"Auto-Carto VII: Digital Representations of Spatial Knowledge","conferenceDate":"Mar 11-14, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Washington D.C.","language":"English","publisher":"Cartography and Geographic Information Society","usgsCitation":"Jenson, S.K., 1985, Automated derivation of hydrologic basin characteristics from digital elevation model data, in Auto-Carto VII: Proceedings of the digital representations of spatial knowledge, Washington D.C., Mar 11-14, 1985, p. 301-310.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"310","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407057,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cartogis.org/docs/proceedings/archive/auto-carto-7/index.html"},{"id":407058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenson, Susan K.","contributorId":66859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenson","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12041,"text":"ofr84774 - 1985 - Emission spectrographic and atomic absorption analyses of rock, mineral occurrence, prospect, and deposit samples from the Mount Hayes quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-23T20:50:02.029457","indexId":"ofr84774","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-774","title":"Emission spectrographic and atomic absorption analyses of rock, mineral occurrence, prospect, and deposit samples from the Mount Hayes quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84774","usgsCitation":"Zehner, R.E., O’Leary, R.M., Day, G., Sutley, S.J., Nokleberg, W., and Koch, R.D., 1985, Emission spectrographic and atomic absorption analyses of rock, mineral occurrence, prospect, and deposit samples from the Mount Hayes quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-774, Report: 139 p.; 1 Plate: 25.56 x 21.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84774.","productDescription":"Report: 139 p.; 1 Plate: 25.56 x 21.90 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420088,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13554.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":143744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0774/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40046,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0774/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40047,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0774/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Hayes quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 64\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db60574b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zehner, R. E.","contributorId":67933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zehner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Leary, R. M.","contributorId":44894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day, G.W.","contributorId":63363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nokleberg, W. J. 0000-0002-1574-8869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":68312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koch, R. D.","contributorId":106487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70197143,"text":"70197143 - 1985 - Distribution and history of the freshwater lake in Block Island Sound, Rhode Island and New York, during the late Wisconsinan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T12:09:23","indexId":"70197143","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2896,"text":"Northeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and history of the freshwater lake in Block Island Sound, Rhode Island and New York, during the late Wisconsinan","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Needell, S.W., and Lewis, R.S., 1985, Distribution and history of the freshwater lake in Block Island Sound, Rhode Island and New York, during the late Wisconsinan: Northeastern Geology, v. 7, no. 1, p. 28-32.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"32","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Block Island 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