{"pageNumber":"5","pageRowStart":"100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":560,"records":[{"id":70041455,"text":"70041455 - 2012 - Ballistic blocks around Kīlauea Caldera: Their vent locations and number of eruptions in the late 18th century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:47:10","indexId":"70041455","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ballistic blocks around Kīlauea Caldera: Their vent locations and number of eruptions in the late 18th century","docAbstract":"Thousands of ballistic blocks occur around Kīlauea Caldera and record part of the latest major period of explosive activity on the volcano, in late 1790 or within a few years thereafter. The sizes of the blocks – the largest of which is more than 2 m in nominal diameter – and differences in rock types allow the definition of at least 6 dispersal lobes of mostly undetermined relative age. The orientations of the lobes help approximate the locations of vents or explosion sources on the floor of the caldera, now deeply buried by younger lava flows. The vents may have been distributed northward for about 2 km from near the site of the modern Halema'uma'u Crater and were apparently confined to the western half of the caldera. The blocks are entirely lithic except for those in one dispersal lobe, which contains cored bombs and blocks as well as juvenile lapilli. Eruption parameters calculated from EJECT! suggest that the phreatic and phreatomagmatic explosions could have been generated at the water table, about 600 m below the high point on the caldera rim.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.008","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., Zolkos, S., and Haravitch, B., 2012, Ballistic blocks around Kīlauea Caldera: Their vent locations and number of eruptions in the late 18th century: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 231-232, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.008.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-035861","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263793,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.008"},{"id":263794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.425076,22.199557 ], [ -159.425076,22.223829 ], [ -159.395349,22.223829 ], [ -159.395349,22.199557 ], [ -159.425076,22.199557 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"231-232","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c30ffde4b0b57f2415d176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zolkos, Scott P.","contributorId":103946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zolkos","given":"Scott P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haravitch, Ben","contributorId":66147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haravitch","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041403,"text":"70041403 - 2012 - Time-lapse camera observations of gas piston activity at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, Kīlauea volcano, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:14:28","indexId":"70041403","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-lapse camera observations of gas piston activity at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, Kīlauea volcano, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"Gas pistoning is a type of eruptive behavior described first at Kīlauea volcano and characterized by the (commonly) cyclic rise and fall of the lava surface within a volcanic vent or lava lake. Though recognized for decades, its cause continues to be debated, and determining why and when it occurs has important implications for understanding vesiculation and outgassing processes at basaltic volcanoes. Here, we describe gas piston activity that occurred at the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō cone, in Kīlauea’s east rift zone, during June 2006. Direct, detailed measurements of lava level, made from time-lapse camera images captured at close range, show that the gas pistons during the study period lasted from 2 to 60 min, had volumes ranging from 14 to 104 m<sup>3</sup>, displayed a slowing rise rate of the lava surface, and had an average gas release duration of 49 s. Our data are inconsistent with gas pistoning models that invoke gas slug rise or a dynamic pressure balance but are compatible with models which appeal to gas accumulation and loss near the top of the lava column, possibly through the generation and collapse of a foam layer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s00445-012-0667-0","usgsCitation":"Orr, T., and Rea, J., 2012, Time-lapse camera observations of gas piston activity at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, Kīlauea volcano, Hawai‘i: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 74, no. 10, p. 2353-2362, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0667-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2353","endPage":"2362","ipdsId":"IP-038552","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263700,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0667-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano;Pu�u �o�o","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.056854 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"74","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfba90e4b01744973f77be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","email":"torr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rea, James","contributorId":52854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70154996,"text":"70154996 - 2012 - Externally triggered renewed bubble nucleation in basaltic magma: the 12 October 2008 eruption at Halema‘uma‘u Overlook vent, Kīlauea, Hawai‘i, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T10:12:32","indexId":"70154996","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Externally triggered renewed bubble nucleation in basaltic magma: the 12 October 2008 eruption at Halema‘uma‘u Overlook vent, Kīlauea, Hawai‘i, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>From October 2008 until present, dozens of small impulsive explosive eruptions occurred from the Overlook vent on the southeast side of Halema&lsquo;uma&lsquo;u Crater, at Kīlauea volcano, USA. These eruptions were triggered by rockfalls from the walls of the volcanic vent and conduit onto the top of the lava column. Here we use microtextural observations and data from clasts erupted during the well-characterized 12 October 2008 explosive eruption at Halema&lsquo;uma&lsquo;u to extend existing models of eruption triggering. We present a potential mechanism for this eruption by combining microtextural observations with existing geophysical and visual data sets. We measure the size and number density of bubbles preserved in juvenile ejecta using 2D images and X-ray microtomography. Our data suggest that accumulations of large bubbles with diameters of &gt;50</span><i>&mu;</i><span>m to at least millimeters existed at shallow levels within the conduit prior to the 12 October 2008 explosion. Furthermore, a high number density of small bubbles &lt;50&nbsp;</span><i>&mu;</i><span>m is measured in the clasts, implying very rapid nucleation of bubbles. Visual observations, combined with preexisting geophysical data, suggest that the impact of rockfalls onto the magma free surface induces pressure changes over short timescales that (1) nucleated new additional bubbles in the shallow conduit leading to high number densities of small bubbles and (2) expanded the preexisting bubbles driving upward acceleration. The trigger of eruption and bubble nucleation is thus external to the degassing system.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2012JB009496","usgsCitation":"Carey, R.J., Manga, M., Degruyter, W., Swanson, D., Houghton, B.F., Orr, T., and Patrick, M.R., 2012, Externally triggered renewed bubble nucleation in basaltic magma: the 12 October 2008 eruption at Halema‘uma‘u Overlook vent, Kīlauea, Hawai‘i, USA: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 117, no. B11, e11202: 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009496.","productDescription":"e11202: 10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066884","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jb009496","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Overlook vent, Halema'uma'u crater, Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.28050422668457,\n   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Tasmania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manga, Michael","contributorId":145531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manga","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Degruyter, Wim","contributorId":145532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Degruyter","given":"Wim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, Donald donswan@usgs.gov","contributorId":140000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":140376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","email":"torr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 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,{"id":70118289,"text":"70118289 - 2012 - Disequilibrium dihedral angles in dolerite sills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T11:27:09","indexId":"70118289","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-29T11:26:15","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disequilibrium dihedral angles in dolerite sills","docAbstract":"The geometry of clinopyroxene-plagioclase-plagioclase junctions in mafic rocks, measured by the median dihedral angle Θ<sub>cpp</sub>, is created during solidification. In the solidifying Kilauea Iki (Hawaii) lava lake, the wider junctions between plagioclase grains are the first to be filled by pyroxene, followed by the narrower junctions. The final Θ<sub>cpp</sub>, attained when all clinopyroxene-plagioclase-plagioclase junctions are formed, is 78° in the upper crust of the lake, and 85° in the lower solidification front. Θ<sub>cpp</sub> in the 3.5-m-thick Traigh Bhàn na Sgùrra sill (Inner Hebrides) is everywhere 78°. In the Whin Sill (northern England, 38 m thick) and the Portal Peak sill (Antarctica, 129 m thick), Θ<sub>cpp</sub> varies symmetrically, with the lowest values at the margins. The 266-m-thick Basement Sill (Antarctica) has asymmetric variation of Θ<sub>cpp</sub>, attributed to a complex filling history. The chilled margins of the Basement Sill are partially texturally equilibrated, with high Θ<sub>cpp</sub>. The plagioclase grain size in the two widest sills varies asymmetrically, with the coarsest rocks found in the upper third. Both Θ<sub>cpp</sub> and average grain size are functions of model crystallization times. Θ<sub>cpp</sub> increases from 78° to a maximum of ∼100° as the crystallization time increases from 1 to 500 yr. Because the use of grain size as a measure of crystallization time is dependent on an estimate of crystal growth rates, dihedral angles provide a more direct proxy for cooling rates in dolerites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/G33119.1","usgsCitation":"Holness, M.B., Richardson, C., and Helz, R., 2012, Disequilibrium dihedral angles in dolerite sills: Geology, v. 40, no. 9, p. 795-798, https://doi.org/10.1130/G33119.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"795","endPage":"798","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291147,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G33119.1"}],"volume":"40","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f4d1e4b0bc0bec0a11fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holness, Marian B.","contributorId":17541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holness","given":"Marian","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, Chris","contributorId":11960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind T. 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":66181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038650,"text":"70038650 - 2012 - One hundred years of volcano monitoring in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T09:25:10","indexId":"70038650","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"One hundred years of volcano monitoring in Hawaii","docAbstract":"In 2012 the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), the oldest of five volcano observatories in the United States, is commemorating the 100th anniversary of its founding. HVO's location, on the rim of Kilauea volcano (Figure 1)&mdash;one of the most active volcanoes on Earth&mdash;has provided an unprecedented opportunity over the past century to study processes associated with active volcanism and develop methods for hazards assessment and mitigation. The scientifically and societally important results that have come from 100 years of HVO's existence are the realization of one man's vision of the best way to protect humanity from natural disasters. That vision was a response to an unusually destructive decade that began the twentieth century, a decade that saw almost 200,000 people killed by the effects of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012EO030001","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J.P., and Poland, M.P., 2012, One hundred years of volcano monitoring in Hawaii: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 93, no. 3, p. 29-30, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012EO030001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257406,"rank":100,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012EO030001","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e27e4b0c8380cd754ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038823,"text":"ofr20121107 - 2012 - Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 2007-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:10:57","indexId":"ofr20121107","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T12:42:26","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1107","displayTitle":"Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, 2007–2010","title":"Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 2007-2010","docAbstract":"K&#299;lauea Volcano has one of the longest running volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) emission rate databases on record. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from K&#299;lauea Volcano were first measured by Stoiber and Malone (1975) and have been measured on a regular basis since 1979 (Elias and Sutton, 2007, and references within). Compilations of SO<sub>2</sub> emission-rate and wind-vector data from 1979 through 2006 are available on the USGS Web site (Elias and others, 1998; Elias and Sutton, 2002; Elias and Sutton, 2007). This report updates the database, documents the changes in data collection and processing methods, and highlights how SO<sub>2</sub> emissions have varied with eruptive activity at K&#299;lauea Volcano for the interval 2007&ndash;2010.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121107","usgsCitation":"Elias, T., and Sutton, A.J., 2012, Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 2007-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1107, iv, 25 p.; Downloads of Spreadsheets 3-7, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121107.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.; Downloads of Spreadsheets 3-7","startPage":"i","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1107.gif"},{"id":257863,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1107/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dd4e4b08c986b31dae2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, T. 0000-0002-9592-4518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":71195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038318,"text":"ofr20121050 - 2012 - Trace-element analyses of core samples from the 1967-1988 drillings of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:26:31","indexId":"ofr20121050","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-07T15:04:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1050","title":"Trace-element analyses of core samples from the 1967-1988 drillings of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","docAbstract":"This report presents previously unpublished analyses of trace elements in drill core samples from Kilauea Iki lava lake and from the 1959 eruption that fed the lava lake. The two types of data presented were obtained by instrumental neutron-activation analysis (INAA) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF). The analyses were performed in U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) laboratories from 1989 to 1994. This report contains 93 INAA analyses on 84 samples and 68 EDXRF analyses on 68 samples. The purpose of the study was to document trace-element variation during chemical differentiation, especially during the closed-system differentiation of Kilauea Iki lava lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121050","usgsCitation":"Helz, R.T., 2012, Trace-element analyses of core samples from the 1967-1988 drillings of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1050, iv, 27 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121050.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.; Tables","costCenters":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1050.gif"},{"id":254696,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Iki Lava Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb67ae4b08c986b326cb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":85587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind","email":"","middleInitial":"Tuthill","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70265008,"text":"70265008 - 2012 - Inflation rates, rifts, and bands in a pāhoehoe sheet flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-27T14:41:38.968769","indexId":"70265008","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-01T09:31:01","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inflation rates, rifts, and bands in a pāhoehoe sheet flow","docAbstract":"<p>The margins of sheet flows—pāhoehoe lavas emplaced on surfaces sloping &lt;2°—are typically delineated by structures that form to accommodate vertical flow inflation. We refer to these structures as inflation rifts. The surfaces of inflation rifts almost always exhibit bands of varying color and texture. Various explanations for the bands have been proposed, but active band formation has never been documented. In order to test our hypothesis that banding is caused by changes in the inflation rate, we collected time-lapse photographs of the margin of an actively inflating flow and simultaneously measured the height of the flow with an extensometer. Data collected over a period of ∼1 d indicate that the height of the flow margin changed in a stepwise manner and that rate changes correlate with band formation. This confirms our hypothesis.</p><p>Inflation and rift-band formation is probably cyclic, because the pattern we observed suggests episodic or crude cyclic behavior. Furthermore, some inflation rifts contain numerous bands whose spacing and general appearances are remarkably similar.</p><p>We propose a conceptual model wherein the inferred cyclicity is due to the competition between the fluid pressure in the flow's liquid core and the tensile strength of the viscoelastic layer where it is weakest—in inflation rifts. The viscoelastic layer consists of lava that has cooled to temperatures between 800 and 1070 °C. This layer is the key parameter in our model because, in its absence, rift banding and stepwise changes in the flow height would not occur.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00656.1","usgsCitation":"Hoblitt, R., Orr, T.R., Heliker, C., Denlinger, R., Hon, K., and Cervelli, P.F., 2012, Inflation rates, rifts, and bands in a pāhoehoe sheet flow: Geosphere, v. 8, no. 1, p. 179-195, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00656.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"195","ipdsId":"IP-023589","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00656.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":483941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.1667,\n              19.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1667,\n              19.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.9167,\n              19.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.9167,\n              19.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1667,\n              19.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoblitt, Richard P. 0000-0001-5850-4760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5850-4760","contributorId":292119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"Richard P.","affiliations":[{"id":62834,"text":"USGS Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. 0000-0003-1157-7588 torr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588","contributorId":149803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":932238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heliker, Christina","contributorId":53353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"Christina","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":932236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denlinger, Roger","contributorId":42663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":932282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hon, Ken 0000-0002-8954-5802","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8954-5802","contributorId":346529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hon","given":"Ken","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":932239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter F.","contributorId":214424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":932237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70046826,"text":"70046826 - 2012 - Tracking lava flow emplacement on the east rift zone of Kilauea, Hawai’i with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) coherence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:03:27","indexId":"70046826","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:57:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking lava flow emplacement on the east rift zone of Kilauea, Hawai’i with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) coherence","docAbstract":"Lava flow mapping is both an essential component of volcano monitoring and a valuable tool for investigating lava flow behavior. Although maps are traditionally created through field surveys, remote sensing allows an extraordinary view of active lava flows while avoiding the difficulties of mapping on location. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, in particular, can detect changes in a flow field by comparing two images collected at different times with SAR coherence. New lava flows radically alter the scattering properties of the surface, making the radar signal decorrelated in SAR coherence images. We describe a new technique, SAR Coherence Mapping (SCM), to map lava flows automatically from coherence images independent of look angle or satellite path. We use this approach to map lava flow emplacement during the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō-Kupaianaha eruption at Kīlauea, Hawai‘i. The resulting flow maps correspond well with field mapping and better resolve the internal structure of surface flows, as well as the locations of active flow paths. However, the SCM technique is only moderately successful at mapping flows that enter vegetation, which is also often decorrelated between successive SAR images. Along with measurements of planform morphology, we are able to show that the length of time a flow stays decorrelated after initial emplacement is linearly related to the flow thickness. Finally, we use interferograms obtained after flow surfaces become correlated to show that persistent decorrelation is caused by post-emplacement flow subsidence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU and the Geochemical Society","doi":"10.1029/2011GC004016","usgsCitation":"Dietterich, H.R., Poland, M., Schmidt, D., Cashman, K., Sherrod, D.R., and Espinosa, A., 2012, Tracking lava flow emplacement on the east rift zone of Kilauea, Hawai’i with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) coherence: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 13, no. 5, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC004016.","productDescription":"17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-035895","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gc004016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274780,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GC004016"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.062,18.9108 ], [ -156.062,20.2686 ], [ -154.8065,20.2686 ], [ -154.8065,18.9108 ], [ -156.062,18.9108 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dd30efe4b0f72b44719ccc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietterich, Hannah R.","contributorId":11920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietterich","given":"Hannah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, David","contributorId":7596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cashman, Katharine V.","contributorId":40097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cashman","given":"Katharine V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Espinosa, Arkin Tapia","contributorId":64977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espinosa","given":"Arkin Tapia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70113359,"text":"70113359 - 2012 - Explosive eruptions triggered by rockfalls at Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T09:42:26","indexId":"70113359","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:40:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Explosive eruptions triggered by rockfalls at Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Ongoing eruptive activity at Kīlauea volcano’s (Hawai‘i) summit has been controlled in part by the evolution of its vent from a 35-m-diameter opening into a collapse crater 150 m across. Geologic observations, in particular from a network of webcams, have provided an unprecedented look at collapse crater development, lava lake dynamics, and shallow outgassing processes. These observations show unequivocally that the hundreds of transient outgassing bursts and weak explosive eruptions that have punctuated the vent’s otherwise nearly steady-state behavior, and that are associated with composite seismic events, were triggered by rockfalls from the vent walls onto the top of the lava column. While the process by which rockfalls drive the explosive bursts is not fully understood, we believe that it is initiated by the generation of a rebound splash, or Worthington jet, which then undergoes fragmentation. The external triggering of low-energy outgassing events by rockfalls represents a new class of small transient explosive eruptions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G33564.1","usgsCitation":"Orr, T., Thelen, W.A., Patrick, M.R., Swanson, D., and Wilson, D., 2012, Explosive eruptions triggered by rockfalls at Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii: Geology, v. 41, no. 2, p. 207-210, https://doi.org/10.1130/G33564.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-038553","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288950,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G33564.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.283333,19.4 ], [ -155.283333,19.433333 ], [ -155.25,19.433333 ], [ -155.25,19.4 ], [ -155.283333,19.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76b9e4b0abf75cf2bfef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orr, Tim R.","contributorId":86859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thelen, Weston A. 0000-0003-2534-5577 wthelen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-5577","contributorId":4126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelen","given":"Weston","email":"wthelen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, David C. dwilson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David C.","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032583,"text":"70032583 - 2012 - Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:46:06","indexId":"70032583","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Keanakākoʻi Tephra at Kīlauea Volcano has previously been interpreted by some as the product of a caldera-forming eruption in 1790 CE. Our study, however, finds stratigraphic and&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C evidence that the tephra instead results from numerous eruptions throughout a 300-year period between about 1500 and 1800. The stratigraphic evidence includes: (1) as many as six pure lithic ash beds interleaved in sand dunes made of earlier Keanakākoʻi vitric ash, (2) three lava flows from Kīlauea and Mauna Loa interbedded with the tephra, (3) buried syneruptive cultural structures, (4) numerous intraformational water-cut gullies, and (5) abundant organic layers rich in charcoal within the tephra section. Interpretation of 97 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C ages and 4 previous conventional ages suggests that explosive eruptions began in 1470&ndash;1510 CE, and that explosive activity continued episodically until the early 1800s, probably with two periods of quiescence lasting several decades. Kīlauea's caldera, rather than forming in 1790, predates the first eruption of the Keanakākoʻi and collapsed in 1470&ndash;1510, immediately following, and perhaps causing, the end of the 60-year-long, 4&ndash;6&nbsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;ʻAilāʻau eruption from the east side of Kīlauea's summit area. The caldera was several hundred meters deep when the Keanakākoʻi began erupting, consistent with oral tradition, and probably had a volume of 4&ndash;6&nbsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>. The caldera formed by collapse, but no eruption of lava coincided with its formation. A large volume of magma may have quickly drained from the summit reservoir and intruded into the east rift zone, perhaps in response to a major south-flank slip event, leading to summit collapse. Alternatively, magma may have slowly drained from the reservoir during the prolonged ʻAilāʻau eruption, causing episodic collapses before the final, largest downdrop took place. Two prolonged periods of episodic explosive eruptions are known at Kīlauea, the Keanakākoʻi and the Uwēkahuna Tephra (Fiske et al., 2009), and both occurred when a deep caldera existed, probably with a floor at or below the water table, and external water could readily interact with the magmatic system. The next period of intense explosive activity will probably have to await the drastic deepening of the present caldera (or Halemaʻumaʻu Crater) or the formation of a new caldera.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., Rose, T.R., Fiske, R.S., and McGeehin, J., 2012, Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 215-216, p. 8-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213696,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009"},{"id":241350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.35491943359375,\n              19.321511226817176\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35491943359375,\n              19.439399401246273\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.17913818359375,\n              19.439399401246273\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.17913818359375,\n              19.321511226817176\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35491943359375,\n              19.321511226817176\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"215-216","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a406be4b0c8380cd64d4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":3137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Timothy R.","contributorId":31275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiske, Richard S.","contributorId":17984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":3444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005699,"text":"sir20115110 - 2011 - Thermal mapping of Hawaiian volcanoes with ASTER satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T19:19:07.928554","indexId":"sir20115110","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5110","title":"Thermal mapping of Hawaiian volcanoes with ASTER satellite data","docAbstract":"Thermal mapping of volcanoes is important to determine baseline thermal behavior in order to judge future thermal activity that may precede an eruption. We used cloud-free kinetic temperature images from the ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) sensor obtained between 2000 and 2010 to produce thermal maps for all five subaerial volcanoes in Hawai&#145;i that have had eruptions in the Holocene (K&#299;lauea, Mauna Loa, Hual&#257;lai, Mauna Kea, and Haleakal&#257;). We stacked the images to provide time-averaged thermal maps, as well as to analyze temperature trends through time. Thermal areas are conspicuous at the summits and rift zones of K&#299;lauea and Mauna Loa, and the summit calderas of these volcanoes contain obvious arcuate, concentric linear thermal areas that probably result from channeling of rising gas along buried, historical intracaldera scarps. The only significant change in thermal activity noted in the study period is the opening of the Halema&#145;uma&#145;u vent at K&#299;lauea's summit in 2008. Several small thermal anomalies are coincident with pit craters on Hual&#257;lai. We suspect that these simply result from the sheltered nature of the depression, but closer inspection is warranted to determine if genuine thermal activity exists in the craters. Thermal areas were not detected on Haleakal&#257; or Mauna Kea. The main limitation of the study is the large pixel size (90 m) of the ASTER images, which reduces our ability to detect subtle changes or to identify small, low-temperature thermal activity. This study, therefore, is meant to characterize the broad, large-scale thermal features on these volcanoes. Future work should study these thermal areas with thermal cameras and thermocouples, which have a greater ability to detect small, low-temperature thermal features.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115110","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., and Witzke, C., 2011, Thermal mapping of Hawaiian volcanoes with ASTER satellite data: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5110, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115110.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5110.gif"},{"id":94364,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Haulalai, Mauna Kea, Haleakala","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157,19 ], [ -157,21 ], [ -155,21 ], [ -155,19 ], [ -157,19 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cf48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witzke, Coral-Nadine","contributorId":30746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"Coral-Nadine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004945,"text":"fs20113064 - 2011 - Kilauea— An explosive volcano in Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-29T21:14:49.225623","indexId":"fs20113064","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3064","displayTitle":"Kīlauea— An explosive volcano in Hawai‘i","title":"Kilauea— An explosive volcano in Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"K&#299;lauea Volcano on the Island of Hawai&#8216;i, though best known for its frequent quiet eruptions of lava flows, has erupted explosively many times in its history - most recently in 2011. At least six such eruptions in the past 1,500 years sent ash into the jet stream, at the cruising altitudes for today's aircraft. The eruption of 1790 remains the most lethal eruption known from a U.S. volcano. However, the tendency of K&#299;lauea's 2 million annual visitors is to forget this dangerous potential. Cooperative research by scientists of the U.S. Geological Survey, Smithsonian Institution, and University of Hawai&#8216;i is improving our understanding of K&#299;lauea's explosive past and its potential for future violent eruptions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113064","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., Fiske, D., Rose, T., Houghton, B.F., and Mastin, L., 2011, Kilauea— An explosive volcano in Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3064, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113064.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389999,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95333.htm"},{"id":116147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3064.gif"},{"id":24436,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341655,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3064/fs2011-3064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.33333333333334,19.166666666666668 ], [ -155.33333333333334,19.5 ], [ -154.75,19.5 ], [ -154.75,19.166666666666668 ], [ -155.33333333333334,19.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":3137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fiske, Dick","contributorId":47899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Dick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, Tim","contributorId":77649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":351703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mastin, Larry","contributorId":36124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70198286,"text":"70198286 - 2011 - Small explosion from new vent at Kilauea’s summit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-18T08:05:16","indexId":"70198286","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-03T10:24:32","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small explosion from new vent at Kilauea’s summit","docAbstract":"<p><span>At 0258 Hawaii‐Aleutian Standard Time (HST) on 19 March 2008, a small explosion scattered altered and fresh lithic debris across a 40‐hectare area at the summit of Kilauea volcano. This explosion, the first recorded there since 1924, issued from a vent about 35 meters wide along the east wall of Halema'uma'u Crater. Ballistic fragments—the largest measuring nearly 1 meter across—were propelled upward more than 70 meters onto the Halema'uma'u crater rim. Coarse ash and centimeter‐size lithic debris covered part of Crater Rim Drive, and fine ash was deposited farther than 30 kilometers to the southwest.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008EO220003","usgsCitation":"Wilson, D.C., Elias, T., Orr, T., Patrick, M.R., Sutton, J., and Swanson, D., 2011, Small explosion from new vent at Kilauea’s summit: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 89, no. 22, p. 203-203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008EO220003.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"203","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008eo220003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","volume":"89","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b404e4b0702d0e844a25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. 0000-0003-1157-7588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588","contributorId":26365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutton, Jeff","contributorId":51287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":740902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70198343,"text":"70198343 - 2011 - Shallow degassing events as a trigger for very-long-period seismicity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-18T08:06:12","indexId":"70198343","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-12T08:14:39","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow degassing events as a trigger for very-long-period seismicity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>The first eruptive activity at Kīlauea Volcano’s summit in 25&nbsp;years began in March 2008 with the opening of a 35-m-wide vent in Halema‘uma‘u crater. The new activity has produced prominent very-long-period (VLP) signals corresponding with two new behaviors: episodic tremor bursts and small explosive events, both of which represent degassing events from the top of the lava column. Previous work has shown that VLP seismicity has long been present at Kīlauea’s summit, and is sourced approximately 1&nbsp;km below Halema‘uma‘u. By integrating video observations, infrasound and seismic data, we show that the onset of the large VLP signals occurs within several seconds of the onset of the degassing events. This timing indicates that the VLP is caused by forces—sourced at or very near the lava free surface due to degassing—transmitted down the magma column and coupling to the surrounding rock at 1&nbsp;km depth.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-011-0475-y","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., Wilson, D., Fee, D., Orr, T.R., and Swanson, D., 2011, Shallow degassing events as a trigger for very-long-period seismicity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 9, p. 1179-1186, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0475-y.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1179","endPage":"1186","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","volume":"73","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b41ce4b0702d0e844a6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, David C. dwilson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David C.","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fee, David","contributorId":199660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fee","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":139620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70198341,"text":"70198341 - 2011 - Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and décollement slip at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T10:10:08","indexId":"70198341","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-23T07:52:52","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"subseriesTitle":"Geodesy and Gravity/Tectonophysics","title":"Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and décollement slip at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span></span></span></span><span>Rapid changes in ground tilt and GPS positions on Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, are interpreted as resulting from a shallow, two‐segment dike intrusion into the east rift zone that began at 1217 UTC (0217 HST) on 17 June 2007 and lasted almost 3 days. As a result of the intrusion, a very small volume of basalt (about 1500 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>) erupted on 19 June. Northward tilt at a coastal tiltmeter, subsidence of south flank GPS sites, southeastward displacements at southwestern flank GPS sites, and a swarm of flank earthquakes suggest that a slow slip event occurred on the décollement beneath Kīlauea's south flank concurrent with the rift intrusion. We use 4 min GPS positions that include estimates of time‐dependent tropospheric gradients and ground tilt data to study the spatial and temporal relationships between the two inferred shallow, steeply dipping dike segments extending from the surface to about 2 km depth and décollement slip at 8 km depth. We invert for the temporal evolution of distributed dike opening and décollement slip in independent inversions at each time step using a nonnegative least squares algorithm. On the basis of these inversions, the intrusion occurred in two stages that correspond spatially and temporally with concentrated rift zone seismicity. The dike opening began on the western of the two segments before jumping to the eastern segment, where the majority of opening accumulated. Dike opening preceded the start of décollement slip at an 84% confidence level; the latter is indicated by the onset of northward tilt of a coastal tiltmeter. Displacements at southwest flank GPS sites began about 18 h later and are interpreted as resulting from slow slip on the southwestern flank. Additional constraints on the evolution of the intrusion and décollement slip come from inversion of an Envisat interferogram that spans the intrusion until 0822 UTC on 18 June 2007, combined with GPS and tilt data. This inversion shows that up to 0822 UTC on 18 June, décollement slip is only required in a limited region offshore of Ka'ena Point. A similar inversion of the complete event, which includes GPS and tilt data up to 21 June and a second Envisat interferogram spanning the complete intrusion until 21 June, shows décollement slip spread westward across the south flank. This may suggest westward migration of the décollement slip as the event progressed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007762","usgsCitation":"Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Sinnett, D.K., Larson, K., Poland, M., Segall, P., and Miklius, A., 2011, Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and décollement slip at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. B3, B03401; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007762.","productDescription":"B03401; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007762","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.33333333333334,19.166666666666668 ], [ -155.33333333333334,19.5 ], [ -154.75,19.5 ], [ -154.75,19.166666666666668 ], [ -155.33333333333334,19.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b45ae4b0702d0e844b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery-Brown, Emily K. emontgomery-brown@usgs.gov","contributorId":5300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery-Brown","given":"Emily","email":"emontgomery-brown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinnett, D. K.","contributorId":16680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sinnett","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, K.M.","contributorId":84949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70069341,"text":"70069341 - 2011 - Volcanology curricula development aided by online educational resource","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T09:40:12","indexId":"70069341","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-22T10:11:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanology curricula development aided by online educational resource","docAbstract":"Volcanic activity is an excellent hook for engaging college and university students in geoscience classes. An increasing number of Internet-accessible real-time and near–real time volcano monitoring data are now available and constitute an important resource for geoscience education; however, relatively few data sets are comprehensive, and many lack background information to aid in interpretation. In response to the need for organized, accessible, and well-documented volcano education resources, the U.S. Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), in collaboration with NASA and the University of Hawai`i at Manoa, established the Volcanoes Exploration Project: Pu`u `Ō`ō (VEPP). The VEPP Web site (http://vepp.wr.usgs.gov) is an educational resource that provides access, in near real time, to geodetic, seismic, and geologic data from the active Pu`u `Ō`ō eruptive vent on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, along with background and context information. A strength of the VEPP site is the common theme of the Pu`u `Ō`ō eruption, which allows the site to be revisited multiple times to demonstrate different principles and integrate many aspects of volcanology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011EO120006","usgsCitation":"Poland, M., van der Hoeven Kraft, K.J., and Teasdale, R., 2011, Volcanology curricula development aided by online educational resource: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 12, p. 101-101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO120006.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"101","ipdsId":"IP-024804","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281987,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO120006"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.058221 ], [ -155.798371,19.547589 ], [ -155.016307,19.547589 ], [ -155.016307,19.058221 ], [ -155.798371,19.058221 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"92","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7b38e4b0b2908510dfe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":488257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van der Hoeven Kraft, Katrien J.","contributorId":10330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Hoeven Kraft","given":"Katrien","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teasdale, Rachel","contributorId":102388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teasdale","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70198342,"text":"70198342 - 2011 - Cyclic spattering, seismic tremor, and surface fluctuation within a perched lava channel, Kilauea Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-18T08:06:55","indexId":"70198342","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-13T08:06:51","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyclic spattering, seismic tremor, and surface fluctuation within a perched lava channel, Kilauea Volcano","docAbstract":"<p><span>In late 2007, a perched lava channel, built up to 45&nbsp;m above the preexisting surface, developed during the ongoing eruption near Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō cone on Kīlauea Volcano’s east rift zone. The lava channel was segmented into four pools extending over a total of 1.4&nbsp;km. From late October to mid-December, a cyclic behavior, consisting of steady lava level rise terminated by vigorous spattering and an abrupt drop in lava level, was commonly observed in pool 1. We use geologic observations, video, time-lapse camera images, and seismicity to characterize and understand this cyclic behavior. Spattering episodes occurred at intervals of 40–100&nbsp;min during peak activity and involved small (5–10-m-high) fountains limited to the margins of the pool. Most spattering episodes had fountains which migrated downchannel. Each spattering episode was associated with a rapid lava level drop of about 1&nbsp;m, which was concurrent with a conspicuous cigar-shaped tremor burst with peak frequencies of 4–5&nbsp;Hz. We interpret this cyclic behavior to be gas pistoning, and this is the first documented instance of gas pistoning in lava well away from the deeper conduit. Our observations and data indicate that the gas pistoning was driven by gas accumulation beneath the visco-elastic component of the surface crust, contrary to other studies which attribute similar behavior to the periodic rise of gas slugs. The gas piston events typically had a gas mass of about 2,500&nbsp;kg (similar to the explosions at Stromboli), with gas accumulation and release rates of about 1.1 and 5.7&nbsp;kg&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, respectively. The time-averaged gas output rate of the gas pistoning events accounted for about 1–2% of the total gas output rate of the east rift zone eruption.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0431-2","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., Orr, T.R., Wilson, D.C., Dow, D.C., and Freeman, R., 2011, Cyclic spattering, seismic tremor, and surface fluctuation within a perched lava channel, Kilauea Volcano: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 6, p. 639-653, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0431-2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"639","endPage":"653","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano ","volume":"73","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b475e4b0702d0e844b42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":139620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dow, David C.","contributorId":52703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dow","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, R.","contributorId":7525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034232,"text":"70034232 - 2011 - Lava tube shatter rings and their correlation with lava flux increases at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T09:39:02","indexId":"70034232","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lava tube shatter rings and their correlation with lava flux increases at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"Shatter rings are circular to elliptical volcanic features, typically tens of meters in diameter, which form over active lava tubes. They are typified by an upraised rim of blocky rubble and a central depression. Prior to this study, shatter rings had not been observed forming, and, thus, were interpreted in many ways. This paper describes the process of formation for shatter rings observed at Kīlauea Volcano during November 2005–July 2006. During this period, tilt data, time-lapse images, and field observations showed that episodic tilt changes at the nearby Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō cone, the shallow magmatic source reservoir, were directly related to fluctuations in the level of lava in the active lava tube, with periods of deflation at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō correlating with increases in the level of the lava stream surface. Increases in lava level are interpreted as increases in lava flux, and were coincident with lava breakouts from shatter rings constructed over the lava tube. The repetitive behavior of the lava flux changes, inferred from the nearly continuous tilt oscillations, suggests that shatter rings form from the repeated rise and fall of a portion of a lava tube roof. The locations of shatter rings along the active lava tube suggest that they form where there is an abrupt decrease in flow velocity through the tube, e.g., large increase in tube width, abrupt decrease in tube slope, and (or) sudden change in tube direction. To conserve volume, this necessitates an abrupt increase in lava stream depth and causes over-pressurization of the tube. More than a hundred shatter rings have been identified on volcanoes on Hawai‘i and Maui, and dozens have been reported from basaltic lava fields in Iceland, Australia, Italy, Samoa, and the mainland United States. A quick study of other basaltic lava fields worldwide, using freely available satellite imagery, suggests that they might be even more common than previously thought. If so, this confirms that episodic fluctuation in lava effusion rate is a relatively common process at basaltic volcanoes, and that the presence of shatter rings in prehistoric lava flow fields can be used as evidence that such fluctuations have occurred.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0414-3","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Orr, T., 2011, Lava tube shatter rings and their correlation with lava flux increases at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 3, p. 335-346, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0414-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"346","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216848,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0414-3"},{"id":244744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.056854 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"73","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a458fe4b0c8380cd6740a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orr, T.R.","contributorId":29244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036118,"text":"70036118 - 2011 - Eruption dynamics of Hawaiian-style fountains: The case study of episode 1 of the Kilauea Iki 1959 eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-28T18:58:42.143079","indexId":"70036118","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruption dynamics of Hawaiian-style fountains: The case study of episode 1 of the Kilauea Iki 1959 eruption","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hawaiian eruptions are characterized by fountains of gas and ejecta, sustained for hours to days that reach tens to hundreds of meters in height. Quantitative analysis of the pyroclastic products from the 1959 eruption of Kīlauea Iki, Kīlauea volcano, Hawai‘i, provides insights into the processes occurring during typical Hawaiian fountaining activity. This short-lived but powerful eruption contained 17 fountaining episodes and produced a cone and tephra blanket as well as a lava lake that interacted with the vent and fountain during all but the first episode of the eruption, the focus of this paper. Microtextural analysis of Hawaiian fountaining products from this opening episode is used to infer vesiculation processes within the fountain and shallow conduit. Vesicle number densities for all clasts are high (10</span><sup>6</sup><span>–10</span><sup>7</sup><span>&nbsp;cm</span><sup>−3</sup><span>). Post-fragmentation expansion of bubbles within the thermally-insulated fountain overprints the pre-fragmentation bubble populations, leading to a reduction in vesicle number density and increase in mean vesicle size. However, early quenched rims of some clasts, with vesicle number densities approaching 10</span><sup>7</sup><span>&nbsp;cm</span><sup>−3</sup><span>, are probably a valid approximation to magma conditions near fragmentation. The extent of clast evolution from low vesicle-to-melt ratio and corresponding high vesicle number density to higher vesicle-to-melt ratio and lower vesicle-number density corresponds to the length of residence time within the fountain.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0426-z","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Stovall, W., Houghton, B.F., Gonnermann, H., Fagents, S., and Swanson, D., 2011, Eruption dynamics of Hawaiian-style fountains: The case study of episode 1 of the Kilauea Iki 1959 eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 5, p. 511-529, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0426-z.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"529","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0426-z"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.63232421875,\n              19.150357455407473\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24780273437497,\n              19.150357455407473\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24780273437497,\n              19.570142140282975\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.63232421875,\n              19.570142140282975\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.63232421875,\n              19.150357455407473\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a4be4b0c8380cd522c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stovall, W.K.","contributorId":74590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stovall","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":454304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonnermann, H.","contributorId":100233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonnermann","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fagents, S.A.","contributorId":58840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagents","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034757,"text":"70034757 - 2011 - Infrasound from the 2007 fissure eruptions of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T09:37:06","indexId":"70034757","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infrasound from the 2007 fissure eruptions of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Varied acoustic signals were recorded at Kīlauea Volcano in mid-2007, coincident with dramatic changes in the volcano's activity. Prior to this time period, Pu'u 'Ō'ō crater produced near-continuous infrasonic tremor and was the primary source of degassing and lava effusion at Kīlauea. Collapse and draining of Pu'u 'Ō'ō  crater in mid-June produced impulsive infrasonic signals and fluctuations in infrasonic tremor. Fissure eruptions on 19 June and 21 July were clearly located spatially and temporally using infrasound arrays. The 19 June eruption from a fissure approximately mid-way between Kīlauea's summit and Pu'u 'O'o produced infrasound for ~30 minutes-the only observed geophysical signal associated with the fissure opening. The infrasound signal from the 21 July eruption just east of Pu'u 'Ō'ō  shows a clear azimuthal progression over time, indicative of fissure propagation over 12.9 hours. The total fissure propagation rate is relatively slow at 164 m/hr, although the fissure system ruptured discontinuously. Individual fissure rupture times are estimated using the acoustic data combined with visual observations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010GL046422","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Fee, D., Garces, M., Orr, T., and Poland, M.P., 2011, Infrasound from the 2007 fissure eruptions of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, 5 p.; L06309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046422.","productDescription":"5 p.; L06309","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475169,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gl046422","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215635,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046422"},{"id":243452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.05,19.58 ], [ -155.05,19.76 ], [ -155.03,19.76 ], [ -155.03,19.58 ], [ -155.05,19.58 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bcae4b0c8380cd62839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fee, D.","contributorId":23353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fee","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garces, M.","contributorId":42406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garces","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. 0000-0003-1157-7588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588","contributorId":26365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032612,"text":"70032612 - 2011 - Hydrothermal hexahydrite spherules erupted during the 2008-2010 summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i'","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-14T12:56:44","indexId":"70032612","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal hexahydrite spherules erupted during the 2008-2010 summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i'","docAbstract":"Small (1-3 mm), hollow spherules of hexahydrite have been collected falling out of the magmatic gas plume downwind of Kīlauea’s summit vent. The spherules were observed on eight separate occasions during 2009-2010 when a lake of actively spattering lava was present ~150-200 m below the rim of the vent. The shells of the spherules have a fine bubbly foam structure less than 0.1 mm thick, composed almost entirely of hexahydrite [MgSO<sub>4</sub>&middot;6H<sub>2</sub>O] Small microspherules of lava (<5 &mu;m across) along with mineral and rock fragments from the magmatic plume adhered to the outside of the hexahydrite spherules. Phase relationships and the particulate matter in the magmatic plume indicate that the spherules originated as a bubbly solution injected into and mixed with the magmatic plume. The most likely mechanism for production of hexahydrite spherules is boiling of MgSO<sub>4</sub>-saturated meteoric water in the walls of the conduit above the surface of the lava lake. Solfataric sulfates may thus be recycled and reinjected into the plume, creating particulates of sulfate minerals that can be distributed far from their original source.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00445-011-0484-x","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Hon, K., and Orr, T., 2011, Hydrothermal hexahydrite spherules erupted during the 2008-2010 summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i': Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 9, p. 1369-1375, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0484-x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1369","endPage":"1375","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213611,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0484-x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","volume":"73","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37a0e4b0c8380cd6101e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hon, Ken","contributorId":19163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hon","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","email":"torr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034169,"text":"70034169 - 2011 - Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and décollement slip at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-03T16:24:14.025474","indexId":"70034169","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and décollement slip at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Rapid changes in ground tilt and GPS positions on Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, are interpreted as resulting from a shallow, two-segment dike intrusion into the east rift zone that began at 1217 UTC (0217 HST) on 17 June 2007 and lasted almost 3 days. As a result of the intrusion, a very small volume of basalt (about 1500 m<sup>3</sup>) erupted on 19 June. Northward tilt at a coastal tiltmeter, subsidence of south flank GPS sites, southeastward displacements at southwestern flank GPS sites, and a swarm of flank earthquakes suggest that a slow slip event occurred on the décollement beneath Kīlauea's south flank concurrent with the rift intrusion. We use 4 min GPS positions that include estimates of time-dependent tropospheric gradients and ground tilt data to study the spatial and temporal relationships between the two inferred shallow, steeply dipping dike segments extending from the surface to about 2 km depth and décollement slip at 8 km depth. We invert for the temporal evolution of distributed dike opening and décollement slip in independent inversions at each time step using a nonnegative least squares algorithm. On the basis of these inversions, the intrusion occurred in two stages that correspond spatially and temporally with concentrated rift zone seismicity. The dike opening began on the western of the two segments before jumping to the eastern segment, where the majority of opening accumulated. Dike opening preceded the start of décollement slip at an 84% confidence level; the latter is indicated by the onset of northward tilt of a coastal tiltmeter. Displacements at southwest flank GPS sites began about 18 h later and are interpreted as resulting from slow slip on the southwestern flank. Additional constraints on the evolution of the intrusion and décollement slip come from inversion of an Envisat interferogram that spans the intrusion until 0822 UTC on 18 June 2007, combined with GPS and tilt data. This inversion shows that up to 0822 UTC on 18 June, décollement slip is only required in a limited region offshore of Ka'ena Point. A similar inversion of the complete event, which includes GPS and tilt data up to 21 June and a second Envisat interferogram spanning the complete intrusion until 21 June, shows décollement slip spread westward across the south flank. This may suggest westward migration of the décollement slip as the event progressed.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007762","usgsCitation":"Montgomery-Brown, E., Sinnett, D.K., Larson, K., Poland, M., Segall, P., and Mikijus, A., 2011, Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and décollement slip at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 3, B03401, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007762.","productDescription":"B03401, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475163,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007762","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.056854 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94cee4b08c986b31ac5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery-Brown, E. K.","contributorId":81722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery-Brown","given":"E. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinnett, D. K.","contributorId":16680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sinnett","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, K.M.","contributorId":84949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":105847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036696,"text":"70036696 - 2011 - Pigeonholing pyroclasts: Insights from the 19 March 2008 explosive eruption of Kīlauea volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T19:02:35.694262","indexId":"70036696","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pigeonholing pyroclasts: Insights from the 19 March 2008 explosive eruption of Kīlauea volcano","docAbstract":"<p><span>We think, conventionally, of volcanic explosive eruptions as being triggered in one of two ways: by release and expansion of volatiles dissolved in the ejected magma (magmatic explosions) or by transfer of heat from magma into an external source of water (phreatic or phreatomagmatic explosions). We document here an event where neither magma nor an external water source was involved in explosive activity at Kīlauea. Instead, the eruption was powered by the expansion of decoupled magmatic volatiles released from deeper magma, which was not ejected by the eruption, and the trigger was a collapse of near-surface wall rocks that then momentarily blocked that volatile flux. Mapping of the advected fall deposit a day after this eruption has highlighted the difficulty of constraining deposit edges from unobserved or prehistoric eruptions of all magnitudes. Our results suggest that the dispersal area of advected fall deposits could be miscalculated by up to 30% of the total, raising issues for accurate hazard zoning and assessment. Eruptions of this type challenge existing classification schemes for pyroclastic deposits and explosive eruptions and, in the past, have probably been interpreted as phreatic explosions, where the eruptive mechanism has been assumed to involve flashing of groundwater to steam.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G31509.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Houghton, B.F., Swanson, D., Carey, R., Rausch, J., and Sutton, A., 2011, Pigeonholing pyroclasts: Insights from the 19 March 2008 explosive eruption of Kīlauea volcano: Geology, v. 39, no. 3, p. 263-266, https://doi.org/10.1130/G31509.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"266","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217450,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G31509.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.3020477294922,\n              19.395039417313967\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3020477294922,\n              19.433733654546185\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23475646972656,\n              19.433733654546185\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23475646972656,\n              19.395039417313967\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3020477294922,\n              19.395039417313967\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b52e4b0c8380cd7939a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carey, R.J.","contributorId":89749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rausch, J.","contributorId":7944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rausch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutton, Andrew ajsutton@usgs.gov","contributorId":156244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"Andrew","email":"ajsutton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033806,"text":"70033806 - 2011 - Mapping three-dimensional surface deformation by combining multiple-aperture interferometry and conventional interferometry: Application to the June 2007 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T09:46:04","indexId":"70033806","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1940,"text":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping three-dimensional surface deformation by combining multiple-aperture interferometry and conventional interferometry: Application to the June 2007 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Surface deformation caused by an intrusion and small eruption during June 17-19, 2007, along the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, was three-dimensionally reconstructed from radar interferograms acquired by the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) phased-array type L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (PALSAR) instrument. To retrieve the 3-D surface deformation, a method that combines multiple-aperture interferometry (MAI) and conventional interferometric SAR (InSAR) techniques was applied to one ascending and one descending ALOS PALSAR interferometric pair. The maximum displacements as a result of the intrusion and eruption are about 0.8, 2, and 0.7 m in the east, north, and up components, respectively. The radar-measured 3-D surface deformation agrees with GPS data from 24 sites on the volcano, and the root-mean-square errors in the east, north, and up components of the displacement are 1.6, 3.6, and 2.1 cm, respectively. Since a horizontal deformation of more than 1 m was dominantly in the north-northwest-south-southeast direction, a significant improvement of the north-south component measurement was achieved by the inclusion of MAI measurements that can reach a standard deviation of 3.6 cm. A 3-D deformation reconstruction through the combination of conventional InSAR and MAI will allow for better modeling, and hence, a more comprehensive understanding, of the source geometry associated with volcanic, seismic, and other processes that are manifested by surface deformation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"http://www.ieee.org/index.html","doi":"10.1109/LGRS.2010.2051793","issn":"1545598X","usgsCitation":"Jung, H., Lu, Z., Won, J., Poland, M.P., and Mikijus, A., 2011, Mapping three-dimensional surface deformation by combining multiple-aperture interferometry and conventional interferometry: Application to the June 2007 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, v. 8, no. 1, p. 34-38, https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2010.2051793.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"38","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214350,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2010.2051793"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Mount Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.425076,22.199557 ], [ -159.425076,22.223829 ], [ -159.395349,22.223829 ], [ -159.395349,22.199557 ], [ -159.425076,22.199557 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a508ce4b0c8380cd6b771","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jung, H.-S.","contributorId":41068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"H.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Won, J.-S.","contributorId":17756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Won","given":"J.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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