Coastal wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes are complex ecosystems that provide essential biological services, including providing habitat for a suite of fish species. As restoration efforts for these coastal wetlands increase, there is a need to characterize how well restored areas support the life histories of wetland, riverine, and lake fishes. Most traditional survey methods (e.g. 24hr trap netting, visual surveys) are implemented over periods of time that make it difficult to describe short-term fluxes in fish activity, especially in waters with difficult access or high turbidity. To address this gap, we used acoustic sonar technology to evaluate fish movement in a recently reconnected coastal wetland on the southern shore of western Lake Erie. Data collected over four years (2011-2014) indicated that the 10 ha wetland was continuously utilized by millions of fish, with discernible fluctuations in usage patterns observed on both daily and annual scales. These insights add to our understanding of how fish assemblages respond to restored coastal wetland habitats and can inform management decisions that may impact fish access (e.g. conduct management activities that may be disruptive to fish populations during periods of reduced utilization). Additional study of short-term fish movements using high-resolution sonar and other technologies will reveal patterns that may enhance the effectiveness of restoration and management efforts in Great Lakes coastal wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.65087/aehm.028.03.6","usgsCitation":"Kowalski, K., Bozimowski, A.A., Smith, M.K., Eggleston, M.R., Ramsay, M.F., and Eschenburg, H.J., 2026, Abundance and movement patterns of fish accessing a reconnected Lake Erie coastal wetland: Insights from high-resolution sonar data: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 28, no. 3, p. 66-85, https://doi.org/10.65087/aehm.028.03.6.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"85","ipdsId":"IP-172904","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504060,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1NBW3ZR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fish activity and movement information derived from acoustic monitoring of a restored Lake Erie coastal wetland from 2011-2014"},{"id":503218,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70275151/70275151.XML"},{"id":503217,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70275151/images"},{"id":503216,"rank":2,"type":{"id":42,"text":"Open Access USGS Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70275151/full"},{"id":503208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.71462534661718,\n 41.95593762513241\n ],\n [\n -83.74669753332171,\n 41.454363462682736\n ],\n [\n -82.95547774726458,\n 41.134595242680945\n ],\n [\n -80.146092871441,\n 41.744499077895625\n ],\n [\n -78.57040920390754,\n 42.606147598203336\n ],\n [\n -78.9027064101147,\n 43.02966310159454\n ],\n [\n -81.43584525983228,\n 42.76553256151861\n ],\n [\n -83.71462534661718,\n 41.95593762513241\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kowalski, Kurt P. 0000-0002-8424-4701 kkowalski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-4701","contributorId":3768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"Kurt P.","email":"kkowalski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bozimowski, Alexandra A. 0000-0002-0835-1089","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0835-1089","contributorId":328563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bozimowski","given":"Alexandra","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, McKenzie K.H. 0000-0003-0516-3661 mksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0516-3661","contributorId":190413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"McKenzie","email":"mksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":959669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eggleston, Michael R.","contributorId":370099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eggleston","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":87949,"text":"Michigan Department of Environment Great Lakes and Energy, Remediation and Redevelopment Division","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramsay, Maxwell F.","contributorId":370100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramsay","given":"Maxwell","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":83707,"text":"Gogebic Conservation District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eschenburg, Holly J.","contributorId":370101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eschenburg","given":"Holly","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":34270,"text":"Independent contractor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70274705,"text":"sir20265001 - 2026 - Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70267521,"text":"70267521 - 2025 - Preprint: Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","indexId":"70267521","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"title":"Preprint: Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70274705,"text":"sir20265001 - 2026 - Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","indexId":"sir20265001","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-10T18:20:31.25097","indexId":"sir20265001","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-08T06:49:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-5001","displayTitle":"Simulated Seasonal Loads of Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus by Major Source from Watersheds Draining to Washington Waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","title":"Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) have developed watershed models of seasonal load estimates of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) discharging into the Washington State waters of the Salish Sea from 2005 through 2020. The modeling approach used was dynamic SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes), a statistical-physical watershed modeling technique, initially applied at large spatial scales to represent long-term average stream loads throughout a stream network, refined here to estimate seasonal TN and TP loads across watersheds.
Upstream contributing sources included permitted treated wastewater facilities, crop fertilizer, animal feeding operations, septic systems, urban land and stormwater, atmospheric deposition (TN only), nitrogen fixation by Alnus rubra Bong. (red alder) trees (TN only), and background geologic material (TP only). Instream load magnitudes and their source compositions varied across watersheds, and even within each watershed, yet the largest loads typically occurred in the large rivers during winter and fall when streamflow was highest. Likewise, instream loads were typically lowest in summer during low streamflow, yet the relative instream aquatic decay was highest. The seasonal storage lag component of all nonpoint sources was estimated to contribute a quarter of the seasonal instream load during winter and fall high streamflow and sometimes half of the instream load during summer low streamflow.
Simulated seasonal loads carried by streams to a few hundred river mouth marine discharge points ranged by several orders-of-magnitude for TN and TP due to the spatial and seasonal differences in hydrologic flows, magnitude and timing of contributing sources, and instream decay. The Snohomish and Skagit Rivers discharged the largest TN and TP loads, yet the Samish River was shown to have some of the highest TN and TP yields and concentrations. Additionally, a reference scenario estimate developed of the pre-industrial local and regional TN loads suggests that red alder tree density has increased in lower riparian areas and that treated wastewater is the dominant source in some watersheds that has led to increases in TN loading to marine waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Department of Ecology","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Schmadel, N.M., Figueroa-Kaminsky, C., Wise, D.R., Wasielewski, J.K., Johnson, Z.C., and Black, R.W., 2026, Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5001, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265001. [Supersedes preprint https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.173878059.92247480/v1.]","productDescription":"Report: x; 66 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-171269","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502711,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119356.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502222,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LY1PQF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Model application and calibration load data for seasonally dynamic total nitrogen and total phosphorus SPARROW models developed for watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020"},{"id":502221,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5001/images"},{"id":502220,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5001/sir20265001.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2026-5001 XML"},{"id":502218,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5001/sir20265001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"45.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5001 PDF"},{"id":502217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5001/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502219,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265001/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5001 HTML"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Salish Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121,\n 49.5\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 49.5\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 49.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
601 SW 2nd Avenue, Suite 1950
Portland, Oregon 97204
Contamination by nutrients, major ions, and metals poses a major threat to global water sustainability. Understanding how these pollutants vary across time and space requires long-term monitoring and robust statistical approaches. Traditional methods, however, often struggle to account for streamflow variability, seasonality, and nonlinear responses. Introduced in 2010, the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) method offers a flexible, data-driven framework that generates both observed and flow-normalized estimates of concentration and load. Over the past 15 years, WRTDS has become a state-of-the-art tool for water-quality science and management, with applications spanning a wide range of hydrologic, climatic, and policy contexts─including major watersheds across North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Arctic. In this review of WRTDS, we document the method’s major advancements, examine its expanding geographic and thematic applications, and summarize its relevance to water-quality management programs and policies worldwide. We also discuss its performance relative to other regression and machine-learning approaches. Finally, we identify key priorities for future development to support the continued evolution of WRTDS as a trusted and practical tool for scientists and managers working to protect and sustain water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c12895","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Q., Hirsch, R.M., DeCicco, L.A., and Murphy, J.C., 2026, Fifteen years of WRTDS for advancing water-quality science: A critical review of methodological developments and global applications: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 60, no. 15, p. 11170-11182, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c12895.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"11170","endPage":"11182","ipdsId":"IP-182247","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c12895","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Qian 0000-0003-0500-5655","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-5655","contributorId":174393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Qian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38802,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeCicco, Laura A. 0000-0002-3915-9487 ldecicco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-9487","contributorId":174716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCicco","given":"Laura","email":"ldecicco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, Jennifer C. 0000-0002-0881-0919 jmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0881-0919","contributorId":4281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70274720,"text":"70274720 - 2026 - Towards affordable wetland evapotranspiration monitoring using the Variance-Bowen Ratio method: Insights from three contrasting wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-09T13:30:55.21034","indexId":"70274720","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-07T08:30:28","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards affordable wetland evapotranspiration monitoring using the Variance-Bowen Ratio method: Insights from three contrasting wetlands","docAbstract":"Accurate measurement of evapotranspiration (ET) is essential for sustainable water management. Standard methods such as eddy covariance (EC) are costly, while alternatives such as surface renewal are cheaper but require calibration and complex data processing. This study evaluates the utility of the Variance-Bowen Ratio (VBR) method for estimating ET across three California’s wetlands. Using data from 2023, half-hourly latent heat flux (λE) and daily/monthly ET from VBR were compared with EC at one non-tidal (site A) and two tidal (sites B and C) wetlands. λEVBR consistently underestimated λEEC, with root mean squared errors (RMSE) of 61.2 W m-2 at sites A, 106.1 W m-2 at site B, and 137.2 W m-2 at site C, largely due to storage fluxes across sites. Temporal integration improved VBR’s performance at tidal sites, where compensating water heat storage errors yielded low daily and monthly biases (site B: RMSE = 0.78 mm/d and 12 mm/month; r = 0.93; site C: RMSE = 0.90 mm/d and 13 mm/month; r = 0.93), with reduced major axis (RMA) regression slopes of 0.98 and ~0.91. In contrast, biomass heat storage at site A caused persistent biases (RMSEs = 0.97 mm/d and 23 mm/month; daily and monthly RMA slopes ~0.75; r = 0.85). These results highlight VBR’s limitations in environments with substantial storage fluxes. Despite this, VBR is cost-effective for estimating daily and monthly ET, with sensor costs at least tenfold lower than EC and simpler setup, making it suitable for ET monitoring in resource-limited and hard-to-access regions.
Glaciers lost 408 ± 132 Gt of mass during the hydrological year 2025, equivalent to 1.1 ± 0.4 mm sea-level rise. Since 1975, glacier mass loss has totalled 9,583 ± 1,211 Gt, equivalent to 26.4 ± 3.3 mm of sea-level rise, with six of the highest mass-loss years on record occurring in the past seven years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s43017-026-00777-z","usgsCitation":"Zemp, M., Welty, E., Nussbaumer, S.U., Bannwart, J., Gärtner-Roer, I., Wells, A., Ahlstrøm, A.P., Anderson, B., Andreassen, L.M., Azam, M.F., Barnett, J., Baroni, C., Barrand, N.E., Bauder, A., Bernard, E., Berthier, E., Bertolotti, G., Bolch, T., Bonnefoy-Demongeot, M., Braun, M.H., Burgess, D., Cappelletti, D., Carrivick, J.L., Carturan, L., Cat Berro, D., Ceballos, J.L., Cobos, G., Cruz, R., Cullen, N., Cáceres, B., Dahlkvist, J., Demberel, O., de Villiers, S., Dinale, R., Drozdov, E., Dussaillant, I., Dávila, L., Elagina, N., Elvehøy, H., Erofeev, A., Falaschi, D., Fischer, A., Fischer, M., Florentine, C., Fujita, K., Galos, S.P., Garcia, A., Gourmelen, N., Grosso, F., Gubanov, A., Gunnarsson, A., Guyez, A., Hartl, L., Hoelzle, M., Huenante, J., Hugonnet, R., Huss, M., Hynek, B., Imazu, T., Iturraspe, R., Jakob, L., Joshi, S., Karimi, N., Kirchner, N., Kjøllmoen, B., Kohler, J., Kutuzov, S., Lavrentiev, I., Lea, J.M., Lendvai, A., Li, H., Li, S., Li, Z., Linsbauer, A., Marinsek, S., Mattea, E., Mayer, C., McNeil, C., Mercalli, L., Messerli, A., Michael, C., Morra di Cella, U., Navarro, F., Navruzshoev, H., Neureiter, A., Nosenko, G., Pecci, M., Pelto, M., Popovnin, V., Prinz, R., Puigdomenech, C., Purdie, H., Pálsson, F., Rossotto, A., Ruiz, L., Sass, L., Schytt Mannerfelt, E., Scotti, R., Shangguan, D., Shepherd, B., Six, D., Smirnov, A., Sobota, I., Strudl, M., Sugiyama, S., Thibert, E., Thomson, L., Thorsteinsson, T., Tielidze, L., Tolle, F., Toropov, P., Tuccella, P., Umirzakov, G., Usubaliev, R., Vargo, L., Yang, W., and Zagel, B., 2026, Global glacier mass change in 2025: Nature Reviews Earth and Environment, v. 7, p. 213-215, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-026-00777-z.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"215","ipdsId":"IP-185510","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/55d91323-64c4-429c-880c-8e6c8664fa39","text":"External Repository"},{"id":502369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zemp, Michael","contributorId":342071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zemp","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welty, Ethan Z.","contributorId":268129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welty","given":"Ethan Z.","affiliations":[{"id":27643,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nussbaumer, Samuel U. 0000-0002-5314-5815","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5314-5815","contributorId":369440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nussbaumer","given":"Samuel","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":37139,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bannwart, Jacqueline 0000-0001-7136-0685","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7136-0685","contributorId":369520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bannwart","given":"Jacqueline","affiliations":[{"id":37139,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gärtner-Roer, Isabelle 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Eight petrels performed 27 complete foraging trips lasting 0.6 to 18.8 days. Short trips (3.2 ± 2.1 days; 785 km; max displacement 671 km) and long trips (10.8 ± 3.9 days; 2,856 km; max displacement 1,034 km) resulted in concentrated use of waters off southern and western Isabela Island and within the Galápagos Marine Reserve (GMR). Less concentrated time extended farther southwest and eastward, in that case toward mainland Ecuador. Total distance covered among all completed trips, independent of duration, was strongly correlated with trip duration (R² = 0.92), indicating a strategy favoring active searching and foraging over commuting. Petrels ranged across Ecuador's exclusive economic zone (EEZ), as well as other countries' (Colombia, Costa Rica, Perú), and waters beyond; they spent 46%, 27%, and 34% of their time in the GMR during short, long, and apparent (incomplete) trips, respectively. However, overlap with EEZs or marine protected areas (MPAs) does not necessarily confer protection, because commercial tuna fishing, including legal fishing historically permitted inside the GMR, occurs within these waters. Including all complete and incomplete trips, petrels spent 37% of their time in high-seas waters without formal protection, outside both MPAs and EEZs. While some hot spots overlapped Galápagos MPAs, the far-ranging nature of chick-provisioning petrels underscores the importance for this species of also having coordinated, multinational protection of the high seas.
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To better quantify these changes, the U.S. Geological Survey and National Science Foundation National Center for Atmospheric Research produced two hydrologic models simulating water budget components from 1980 to 2021 over the contiguous United States (CONUS). Both hydrologic models were driven by a common atmospheric forcing dataset and aggregated to common spatial and temporal scales, which enables a novel evaluation of congruency between the models. We present annual and seasonal trends in six water budget components (precipitation, evapotranspiration, streamflow, groundwater recharge, soil saturation, and snow water equivalent) based on the Mann–Kendall test for monotonic trend and Theil-Sen slope estimate for the water year 1983–2021 period for ~86,000 catchments in CONUS. Additional components and metrics from our analysis pipeline are available in an associated published dataset, which contains more than 46 million trend results. 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USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-19T15:33:56.631995","indexId":"70274710","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-03T09:14:21","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep groundwater total dissolved solids mapping in the Dakota Group, Williston Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Growing concern about the quantity of available freshwater around the world has led to interest in surveying groundwater total dissolved solids (TDS) below water well depths. Deep TDS has not been systematically mapped, and there is much to learn about the distribution and controls on deeper groundwater. In sedimentary basins across the United States, groundwater resources often overlie hydrocarbon resources, providing an opportunity to use borehole geophysical data collected for hydrocarbons to characterize groundwater and pore space resources. This study adapts a recently developed subsurface geostatistical and geophysical modeling approach to continuously map groundwater TDS, porosity, and temperature in the Dakota Group of the Williston Basin—an undercharacterized regional aquifer system overlying deeper hydrocarbon reservoirs. Groundwater TDS in the Dakota Group ranges from approximately 4800 to 26,900 mg/L. TDS patterns are stratified with higher TDS in the lower and upper Dakota Group, and relatively lower TDS in the middle Dakota Group. The lower TDS in the middle zone may represent a preferential regional flow path for lower-TDS meteoric recharge from the west. The alternating pattern of TDS may also be evidence of higher-TDS inflows into the Dakota Group from underlying and potentially from overlying aquifers. Porosity is lower near the center of the Williston Basin and tends to be higher to the east, which may be related to grain size distributions. The new regional TDS and porosity modeling serves as a quantitative reference for water users and provides supporting evidence for hypotheses on Dakota Group recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70066","usgsCitation":"Stephens, M.J., Hoogenboom, B.E., Ball, L.B., and Chang, W., 2026, Deep groundwater total dissolved solids mapping in the Dakota Group, Williston Basin, USA: Groundwater, v. 64, no. 3, p. 335-349, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70066.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"349","ipdsId":"IP-174811","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502231,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":502477,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70066","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.26471431075939,\n 48.994091810782606\n ],\n [\n -106.3042800156854,\n 48.14876366539232\n ],\n [\n -105.71979621869451,\n 47.2096977369178\n ],\n [\n -104.58977916779222,\n 45.71612236688222\n ],\n [\n -103.4821951575731,\n 45.44295385860377\n ],\n [\n -101.80119627681282,\n 46.231716648136825\n ],\n [\n -100.86747364635656,\n 47.35057238526366\n ],\n [\n -100.54412186741868,\n 49.011106101113484\n ],\n [\n -106.26046319835494,\n 49.00127001005359\n ],\n [\n -106.26912726837928,\n 48.99219595751953\n ],\n [\n -106.26471431075939,\n 48.994091810782606\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, Michael J. 0000-0001-8995-9928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8995-9928","contributorId":205895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoogenboom, Bennett Eugene 0000-0001-8096-3533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8096-3533","contributorId":239871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogenboom","given":"Bennett","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chang, Will 0000-0002-0796-0763","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-0763","contributorId":208210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Will","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37763,"text":"Hypergradient LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70274662,"text":"ofr20261005 - 2026 - Sampling and analysis plan for the water-quality monitoring program in Lake Koocanusa and upper Kootenai River, Montana, water years 2022–23","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-03T18:10:53.329191","indexId":"ofr20261005","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-02T15:09:58","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1005","displayTitle":"Sampling and Analysis Plan for the Water-Quality Monitoring Program in Lake Koocanusa and Upper Kootenai River, Montana, Water Years 2022–23","title":"Sampling and analysis plan for the water-quality monitoring program in Lake Koocanusa and upper Kootenai River, Montana, water years 2022–23","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, collected water-quality samples and environmental data in Lake Koocanusa (also known as “Koocanusa Reservoir”), the Kootenai River, and the Tobacco River during water years 2022–23. The transboundary Lake Koocanusa is in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, and northwestern Montana, United States. It was formed by constructing Libby Dam on the Kootenai River 26 kilometers upstream from Libby, Montana. One of the lake sites and the Kootenai River site, in the Libby Dam tailwater (the outflow of the lake flow into the Kootenai River), were equipped with automated, high-frequency ServoSipper water samplers. At the lake site, these samplers were mounted to pontoon platforms during the summer, and a submersible ServoSipper sipper was deployed with ice buoys during the winter. Samples were automatically collected from multiple depths. At the Kootenai River site, these samplers were housed in the gage house. In water year 2022, discrete water-quality samples were collected every 4–6 weeks, year round, at all four lake sites in the Kootenai River between April and November. In water year 2023, discrete water-quality samples were collected at three lake sites and the Kootenai and Tobacco River sites every 4–6 weeks. The goal of this project was to collect multidepth, high-frequency vertical and temporal water-quality samples and data to understand the limnological and biological processes that control variations and trends in selenium concentrations and loads throughout Lake Koocanusa and in the Libby Dam tailwater at the southern end of the lake. This sampling and analysis plan documents the organization, sampling and data-collection scheme and design, pre- and post-collection processes, and quality-assurance and quality-control procedures of the Koocanusa/Kootenai water-quality monitoring program during water years 2022–23.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261005","usgsCitation":"King, L.R., Caldwell Eldridge, S.L., Schaar, M.A., Schmidt, T.S., Chapin, T., and Bussell, A.M., 2026, Sampling and analysis plan for the water-quality monitoring program in Lake Koocanusa and upper Kootenai River, Montana, water years 2022–23: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1005, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261005.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-149144","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502178,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119339.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502024,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1005/images/"},{"id":502022,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1005/ofr20261005.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1005"},{"id":502023,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1005/ofr20261005.XML"},{"id":502021,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1005/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502025,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261005/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Koocanusa and Upper Kootenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.9429682076028,\n 48.99647573554873\n ],\n [\n -116.0375564422092,\n 48.99647573554873\n ],\n [\n -116.0375564422092,\n 48.33063827945506\n ],\n [\n -114.9429682076028,\n 48.33063827945506\n ],\n [\n -114.9429682076028,\n 48.99647573554873\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Marine Sanctuary Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, has conducted seabed mapping and related research in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS) region since 1993. The area being mapped using geophysical and geological data includes the SBNMS and the surrounding region, which totals approximately 3,700 square kilometers (km2) and is subdivided into 18 quadrangles. The seabed is a glaciated terrain that is topographically and texturally diverse. Quadrangle 3, the subject of this scientific investigations map, has a mapped area of 185 km2 and has water depths that range from about 30 meters (m) on the Stellwagen Bank crest to about 135 m in a basin east of South Ninety Bank, which lies off the eastern margin of Stellwagen Bank. Seven map types, each at a scale of 1:25,000, depict seabed topography, ruggedness, backscatter intensity, distribution of geologic substrates, sediment mobility, distribution of fine- and coarse-grained sand, and substrate mud content. These maps show the distribution of geologic substrates on the southeastern part of Stellwagen Bank, on adjacent banks and basins in deeper water to the east, in the eastern part of Race Point Channel to the south of the bank, and on the northern slope of Cape Cod. Interpretations of multibeam sonar bathymetric and seabed backscatter imagery, photographs, video imagery, and grain-size analyses were used to create the geology-based maps. Data from 309 stations were analyzed, including 279 sediment samples. The geologic substrate maps of quadrangle 3 show the distribution of 21 geologic substrates that represent a wide range of textures, such as rippled sand, immobile sand, immobile muddy sand, sand that partially veneers gravel, and boulder ridges. Mapped substrates are characterized by sediment grain-size composition, surface morphology, substrate layering, the mobility or immobility of substrate surfaces, and water depth range. This scientific investigations map portrays the major geological elements (substrates, topographic features, and processes) of environments in quadrangle 3. It is intended to provide a foundation for research into present and past sediment transport processes in a complex terrain, provide insights into the ecological requirements of invertebrate and vertebrate species that use the various substrates, and support seabed management in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3544","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","programNote":"Coastal/Marine Hazards and Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Valentine, P.C., and Cross, V.A., 2026, Seabed maps showing topography, ruggedness, backscatter intensity, sediment mobility, and the distribution of geologic substrates in quadrangle 3 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine\nSanctuary region offshore of Boston, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3544, 8 sheets, scale 1:25,000, 30-p. pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3544.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: v, 30 p.; 8 Sheets: 26.98 x 36.56 inches or smaller; Data Release","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-164177","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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Offshore of Boston, Massachusetts"},{"id":501142,"rank":15,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sim3341","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3341","linkHelpText":"- Seabed maps showing topography, ruggedness, backscatter intensity, sediment mobility, and the distribution of geologic substrates in Quadrangle 6 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Region offshore of Boston, Massachusetts"},{"id":501140,"rank":14,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3544/sim3544_mapG.pdf","text":"Map G","size":"828 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3544 map G","linkHelpText":"- Distribution of Substrate Mud Content and Boulder Ridges"},{"id":501138,"rank":12,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3544/sim3544_mapE.pdf","text":"Map E","size":"837 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3544 map E","linkHelpText":"- Sediment 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Boulder Ridges"},{"id":500200,"rank":4,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sim3544/full"},{"id":501135,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3544/sim3544_mapC.pdf","text":"Map C","size":"18.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3544 map C","linkHelpText":"- Backscatter Intensity and Sun-Illuminated Topography"},{"id":501129,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3544/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":501139,"rank":13,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3544/sim3544_mapF.pdf","text":"Map F","size":"822 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3544 map F","linkHelpText":"- Distribution of Fine- and Coarse-Grained Sand and Boulder Ridges"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Quadrangle 3 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n 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U.S. Geological Survey
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Quissett Campus
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The Delaware River basin (DRB) provides drinking water to 15 million people in the surrounding area. Water is frequently withdrawn from the freshwater reaches of streams, above head of tide, in the DRB for use as public drinking water. During extended periods of low flow, saltwater can move upstream, which can threaten drinking-water supplies in the basin. Due to spatial patterns in bathymetry, tidal influences within the DRB, and varying weather conditions, it can be hard to predict the movement and upstream extent of the freshwater-saltwater interface, often defined as the salt-front. Although there is a relationship that predicts this location in the main stem of the Delaware River, there lacks a relationship for its tributaries, such as the Maurice and Cohansey Rivers in southwestern New Jersey. In this study, a relationship was developed between daily specific conductance (SC) at gage locations along the tidal river reaches of the Maurice and Cohansey Rivers to the daily upstream location of the salt-front. The study augmented existing real-time tide gage data with the collection of water temperature and specific conductance data to develop the relationship. Additionally, longitudinal profiles upstream of the selected tide gages were conducted during a range of high tide conditions to define the location of the salt-front. Equations were then developed that related the daily SC measured at the tide gage to the upstream location of the salt-front. The equations were used to estimate the daily upstream location of the salt-front for the period of July 15, 2021, to July 15, 2024. This work can aid in understanding the propagation of saltwater upstream, which can affect local communities and crop farmers along these tidal reaches of the DRB.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255090","programNote":"Next Generation Water Observing Systems","usgsCitation":"Closson, J.L., Suro, T.P., and Niemoczynski, L.M., 2026, Methods for estimating daily upstream location of the\nfreshwater-saltwater interface along the Maurice and Cohansey Rivers, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey\nScientific Investigations Report 2025–5090, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255090.","productDescription":"Report: v, 19 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-165703","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502173,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119338.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":501751,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13AFSIP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Measurements of specific conductance at selected locations along the Maurice and Cohansey Rivers in New Jersey from 2021-24"},{"id":501744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5090/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":501749,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5090/sir20255090.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2025-5090 XML"},{"id":501748,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255090/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5090 HTML"},{"id":501747,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5090/sir20255090.pdf","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5090 PDF"},{"id":501750,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5090/images/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Maurice and Cohansey Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.55956607478444,\n 39.649881649287096\n ],\n [\n -75.55956607478444,\n 39.12910651391917\n ],\n [\n -74.40943284041703,\n 39.12910651391917\n ],\n [\n -74.40943284041703,\n 39.649881649287096\n ],\n [\n -75.55956607478444,\n 39.649881649287096\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648
An extreme flood on the Powder River in southeastern Montana in May 1978 inundated its valley and deposited sediment on the floodplains and terraces at multiple heights. The recurrence interval for this flood was less than 1 percent in the reach between Moorhead and Broadus, Montana. Peak discharges at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgages at Moorhead and Broadus were 779 and 711 cubic meters per second (m3/s), respectively, the difference reflecting the water and sediment stored on the valley surfaces. Bankfull discharge depended on the height of the bank at the start of the valley transect and varied from 243 to 713 m3/s. Sediment-thickness and particle-size data were collected and analyzed in the autumn of 1978 by U.S. Geological Survey scientists at about 900 sites along 20 valley transects between Moorhead and Broadus, Mont. These transects were approximately orthogonal to the floodflow across the floodplain from near the edge of the channel to the high-water mark. Estimated maximum flood depths along these transects ranged from 0.9 to 4.2 meters.
Contrary to theory and controlled laboratory experiments, the distribution of sediment thickness and particle sizes along valley transects did not decrease systematically with distance from the main channel but were affected by the distribution of vegetation. Additionally, some water and sediment—primarily muds and silts—were conveyed by subsidiary channels (often connected to the main channel downriver from the valley transect) during the early stages of the flood before water overtopped the banks at the start of the valley transect. The vegetation created natural sediment traps in the recirculation and wake zones in the lee of trees and shrubs. Sediment that accumulated in these traps formed dunes and thus an undulating surface with many local maximums and minimums in sediment thicknesses. Sediment in the traps are referred to as lee dunes, which recorded flow conditions and a predominance of coarsening-upward sequence of particle sizes (mud to silt to sands) starting at the preflood surface. These sequences were associated with the rising limb of the hydrograph, and later as the flood began to recede, the lee dunes recorded a fining-upward sequence associated with the falling limb of the hydrograph.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265122","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Meade, R.H., 2026, Thickness and other characteristics of overbank sediment deposited during an extreme flood in May 1978 along the Powder River, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5122, 171 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265122.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 171 p.; 2 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-138009","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502176,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119336.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":501974,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265122/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5122"},{"id":501545,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5122/sir20265122.xml"},{"id":501544,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5122/images"},{"id":501516,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FW7BV0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Thickness and characteristics of overbank sediment deposited during an extreme flood in May 1978 along Powder River, Montana, USA"},{"id":501512,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5122/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":501513,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5122/sir20265122.pdf","text":"Report","size":"24.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5122"},{"id":501515,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TQ5ZRN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Channel Cross-section Data for Powder River between Moorhead and Broadus, Montana from 1975 to 2019 (ver. 3.0, August 2020)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Powder River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.293826541244,\n 45.40690393539472\n ],\n [\n -105.49140782452875,\n 45.45840328213558\n ],\n [\n -106.02769987915833,\n 45.01117945121612\n ],\n [\n -105.76802162112723,\n 45.00918393356142\n ],\n [\n -105.293826541244,\n 45.40690393539472\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Water Mission Area
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The escape and subsequent spread of invasive carp (notably, bighead carp [Hypophthalmichthys nobilis] and silver carp [H. molitrix]) from aquaculture ponds and sewage lagoons into the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers poses a significant risk to further spread of these fish into the Great Lakes. Prior research demonstrated that commercial tows can transport juvenile invasive carp through locks and other barriers to fish migration. A recent physical model study recommended a linear array of bubble diffusers, the Automated Barge Clearing Deterrent (ABCD), for further evaluation in mitigating the transport of small fish in commercial tows. The present field study evaluated the ABCD for navigation safety and barge junction flushing capacity. An instrumented commercial tow executed 119 lock approaches with the ABCD both operating and idle. Pilot interviews and tow trajectory analysis indicated no significant navigation safety issues. The measured velocity data, fish recapture data, and a simple fish displacement model indicated that the ABCD produced sufficient flow to expel all passive objects and many small juvenile invasive carp. However, the ABCD is less likely to expel large juvenile invasive carp due to their stronger swimming ability. The ABCD and two alternative configurations prove strong contenders for further development and application.
","language":"English","publisher":"Engineer Research and Development Center","doi":"10.21079/11681/50168","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.J., LeRoy, J.Z., Wainwright, C., and Glubzinski, M., 2026, Field evaluation of the Automated Barge Clearing Deterrent (ABCD): Hydrodynamic, navigation, and fish response effects: Technical Report ERDC/CHL TR-26-7, xii, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.21079/11681/50168.","productDescription":"xii, 114 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154304","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River, Peoria Lock and Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.61745931422736,\n 40.63749779366924\n ],\n [\n -89.633583493815,\n 40.63749779366924\n ],\n [\n -89.633583493815,\n 40.626157323444914\n ],\n [\n -89.61745931422736,\n 40.626157323444914\n ],\n [\n -89.61745931422736,\n 40.63749779366924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S. Jarrell 0000-0002-8649-5598","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8649-5598","contributorId":361683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","middleInitial":"Jarrell","affiliations":[{"id":37304,"text":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeRoy, Jessica Z. 0000-0003-4035-6872 jzinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4035-6872","contributorId":174534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeRoy","given":"Jessica","email":"jzinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wainwright, Charles","contributorId":369957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wainwright","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glubzinski, Michael","contributorId":369958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glubzinski","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70275357,"text":"70275357 - 2026 - Excessive phosphorus loading contributes to future vulnerability of mangrove ecosystems by reducing net ecosystem exchange of carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-30T15:33:47.718435","indexId":"70275357","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-01T10:26:56","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13436,"text":"Coastal Futures","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Excessive phosphorus loading contributes to future vulnerability of mangrove ecosystems by reducing net ecosystem exchange of carbon","docAbstract":"J.N. “Ding” Darling National Wildlife Refuge (DDNWR) is located on Sanibel Island along the southwestern coast of Florida, USA. There, eutrophication attributed to agricultural discharge along the Caloosahatchee River has affected the area’s aquatic habitat. In anticipation of additional nutrient loading, we experimentally fertilized mangrove forests with nitrogen (+N; NH4) and phosphorus (+P; P2O5) for 3 years, and monitored soil and pneumatophore CO2 fluxes and tree sap flow from two mangrove species. Furthermore, we modeled individual tree and stand water use, from which we developed carbon (C) budgets for +N and + P vs. control simulations based on a novel application of water use efficiency conversion. Many of the measured response variables provided hints of subtle changes in response to +P rather than +N, which were enhanced when scaled. From this, we found that additional P loading is expected to reduce both gross and net primary productivity as well as CO2 uptake via net ecosystem exchange of C, likely pressing the system beyond metabolic capacity and leading to a 48–62% decrease in projected lateral C export. Greater eutrophication will likely compound vulnerabilities to sea-level rise submergence, especially where P concentrations are high and already reducing soil surface elevations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/cft.2026.10025","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K.W., Conrad, J.R., Duberstein, J.A., Ward, E.J., Drexler, J.Z., Buffington, K.J., Benscoter, B.W., Miller, H.J., Faron, N.T., Merino, S., From, A., Peneva-Reed, E., Zhu, Z., Thorne, K., and Feller, I.C., 2026, Excessive phosphorus loading contributes to future vulnerability of mangrove ecosystems by reducing net ecosystem exchange of carbon: Coastal Futures, v. 4, e6, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1017/cft.2026.10025.","productDescription":"e6, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-184264","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cft.2026.10025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"J.N. “Ding” Darling National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.26438925379385,\n 26.619478639516487\n ],\n [\n -81.98882113982609,\n 26.619478639516487\n ],\n [\n -81.98882113982609,\n 26.38991540523942\n ],\n [\n -82.26438925379385,\n 26.38991540523942\n ],\n [\n -82.26438925379385,\n 26.619478639516487\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken W.","contributorId":370704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12699,"text":"Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrad, Jeremy R.","contributorId":370705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conrad","given":"Jeremy","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duberstein, Jamie A.","contributorId":370706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duberstein","given":"Jamie","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ward, Eric J.","contributorId":370707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Eric","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":167492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buffington, Kevin J. 0000-0001-9741-1241 kbuffington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-1241","contributorId":4775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"Kevin","email":"kbuffington@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benscoter, Brian W.","contributorId":370708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benscoter","given":"Brian","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":15312,"text":"Florida Atlantic University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Miller, Haley Jane","contributorId":370709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Haley","middleInitial":"Jane","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Faron, Natalie T.","contributorId":370710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faron","given":"Natalie","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":15312,"text":"Florida Atlantic University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Merino, Sergio 0000-0002-2834-2243 merinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-2243","contributorId":3653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merino","given":"Sergio","email":"merinos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"From, Andrew 0000-0002-6543-2627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-2627","contributorId":370711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"From","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":37814,"text":"Former USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Peneva-Reed, Elitsa I. 0000-0002-4570-4701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4570-4701","contributorId":294531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peneva-Reed","given":"Elitsa I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":960698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":290659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","affiliations":[{"id":62470,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":204579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Feller, Ilka C.","contributorId":370724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feller","given":"Ilka","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36606,"text":"Smithsonian Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70274682,"text":"70274682 - 2026 - Low streamflows in Massachusetts: Variability over space and time and relations with climatic and basin variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-06T14:19:40.048443","indexId":"70274682","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-01T09:15:53","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low streamflows in Massachusetts: Variability over space and time and relations with climatic and basin variables","docAbstract":"Streamflows in Massachusetts have set record lows in recent years despite generally wetter conditions than during the drought of the 1960s, and the reasons for this are not known. To analyse potential drivers of low streamflows in Massachusetts, six low-flow metrics were computed at 107 streamgages. These metrics represent low-flow magnitude, magnitude normalized to median flows, and duration. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyse the variability of low flows over space and time. Potential explanatory variables were computed using climatic, land use, water use, and basin data. For all low-flow metrics, the ratio of precipitation to potential evapotranspiration (P/PET) in July–August explained the most variability, with decreasing P/PET largely explained by lower precipitation. Water/wetland area was a significant explanatory variable in all the normalized-magnitude and duration models, with greater area associated with lower normalized magnitudes and with shorter durations of low flows. Human influence (characterized by development, population, water use, and artificial water storage) had mixed effects. Trends from 1983 to 2022 in summer P/PET and human influence have been strongest in the eastern part of the state where the strongest decreases in flows are observed. Low flows in Massachusetts seem to be driven by a combination of low summer precipitation and human effects, though the specific mechanisms of human influence on flow likely vary between basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.70108","usgsCitation":"Chamberlin, C.A., and Hodgkins, G., 2026, Low streamflows in Massachusetts: Variability over space and time and relations with climatic and basin variables: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 62, no. 2, e70108, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.70108.","productDescription":"e70108, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176468","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.70108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"62","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chamberlin, Catherine A. 0000-0002-1307-4784","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1307-4784","contributorId":331334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chamberlin","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":214833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70275035,"text":"70275035 - 2026 - Identifying overwintering habitat of silver and bighead carp in the lower Mississippi River: Implications for harvesting and population reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-13T14:11:16.67307","indexId":"70275035","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-01T08:54:39","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5240,"text":"Technical Note","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"ERDC/EL TN-26-1","title":"Identifying overwintering habitat of silver and bighead carp in the lower Mississippi River: Implications for harvesting and population reduction","docAbstract":"A total of 41 sites along a 58 mi reach of the Lower Mississippi River (LMR) were surveyed during winter 2022 for invasive carp aggregation.* Sites consisting of scallops closest to the dike-vegetated bank interface with deeper, slow-moving water and consistent access back to the main channel were preferred. Carp avoided strong currents, and there was no trend in depth selection other than avoiding shallow (less than 20 ft) water. In January 2023, recreation-grade sonar (e.g., side-scan and down-imaging) surveys were conducted in the same reach of the LMR
to demonstrate the technology and evaluate carp population size at sites with high abundances based on previous surveys. Fish density was estimated to be 32 fish/10,000 yd3 (95% confidence interval [CI; 31–34]) using down-imaging software, which is the first estimate of assumed bigheaded carp density in the LMR. Additional fish collections are needed to confirm species composition and size abundance provided by sonar technology. Resurveying sites with high carp abundance over a range of river stages would be necessary to fully characterize habitat conditions, evaluate influence of river stage on occupancy duration, and continue to evaluate species composition and mass removal techniques as a management option in the Lower Mississippi River.
Lake Ontario Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) rehabilitation has been assessed with fishery dependent and independent surveys to evaluate program benchmarks and compare observations with management objectives since 1983. These surveys provide information on the abundance, strain composition, and performance of stocked Lake Trout, as well as information on levels of natural recruitment, and Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) wounding rates. Lake Trout catch per unit effort (CPUE) in the August gillnet survey was notably lower in 2025. Percentage of naturally produced Lake Trout in US waters continued to be relatively low for mature and immature fish. Sea Lamprey wounding rates on Lake Trout > 432 mm in 2025 were below management target in US waters with zero A1 wounds observed. Overall, the 2025 survey results suggest that Lake Trout indicators continue to meet some of the management objectives but are not showing signs of meaningful recruitment to the adult stock.
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0009-0002-7999-1160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7999-1160","contributorId":339869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchinson","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stahl, Scott David 0009-0002-0248-4523","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0248-4523","contributorId":339870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahl","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Connerton, Michael J","contributorId":371272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connerton","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":39079,"text":"NYSDEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goretzke, Jessica A","contributorId":371273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goretzke","given":"Jessica","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":39079,"text":"NYSDEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70275243,"text":"70275243 - 2026 - Fisheries research and monitoring activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2025","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-24T13:54:40.993114","indexId":"70275243","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-01T08:46:08","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":24011,"text":"Lake Erie Biological Station Annual Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"2025","title":"Fisheries research and monitoring activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2025","docAbstract":"Lake Erie has the most populated watershed of all the Great Lakes and has undergone dramatic anthropogenic changes. Since the 1800s, overexploitation of fish populations, habitat destruction, non-native species proliferation, industrial contamination, and changes in nutrient loading have impacted the fish community including declines in or extirpation of many native species (Regier et al. 1969, Hartman 1973; Leach & Nepszy 1976; Ludsin et al. 2001). Implementation of the Clean Water Act and Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement in the 1970s improved habitat conditions (Reutter 2019), which contributed to several strong percid year-classes (Vandergoot et al. 2019). These strong year-classes also benefited from more restrictive management practices that reduced harvest, ultimately rehabilitating Lake Erie percid stocks (Kayle et al. 2015, STC 2020). Historically, Lake Erie supported a cool water fish community dominated by percids and salmonids. Recently updated FCOs set forth a vision that “Lake Erie will consist of diverse fish communities that support ongoing societal benefits, including thriving commercial and recreational fisheries, improved fish habitat and desirable ecosystem performance, and reduced adverse impacts from invasive fish” (Francis et al. 2020). Today, mixed fisheries resulting from seasonally changing cool and warm water habitats have developed in Lake Erie, and the new FCOs reflect a desire to manage both predator and prey fish communities within them.
Although Lake Erie management agencies have traditionally focused on numerical indices of a few economically important species, aquatic ecosystem models are typically evaluated in terms of entire fish community biomass. As a result, our understanding of fish community structure and ecosystem dynamics from biomass-based models has been limited to short-term investigations and proxy measurements (e.g., length-weight conversion; FTG 2020). Therefore, many Lake Erie fish community databases are now incorporating biomass-based measurements.
In response, USGS revised the Lake Erie trawl program to provide biomass-based measurements for all encountered species (Table 1). The survey design change occurred in 2012, coincident with commissioning of a new research vessel and a change in bottom trawl gear. These modifications already altered the existing time series; therefore, the survey design was also expanded to include greater spatial coverage and increased sample size generating a new time series. The purpose of this report is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the long-term changes and fish community dynamics including population dynamics of key fishes of interest to management agencies, such as native percids and their prey. Here, we summarize survey results for the most recent series of West Basin trawl data from 2013 through 2025.
Note that a detailed description of the sampling process along with traditional numericallybased catch data (e.g., fish/ha) for individual species can be downloaded online (DuFour et al. 2026) or obtained for earlier years (https://doi.org/10.5066/F75M63X0; U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center 2019).
","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Dufour, M.R., Guzzo, F., Hilling, C.D., Kohler, B.E., Kraus, R., Oldham, R.C., Roberts, J., and Schmitt, J., 2026, Fisheries research and monitoring activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2025: Lake Erie Biological Station Annual Report 2025, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-187964","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":503507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://glfc.org/publication-media-search.php","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"western Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.51214181996446,\n 42.38000445143351\n ],\n [\n -81.89999576519399,\n 42.38000445143351\n ],\n [\n -81.89999576519399,\n 41.33512689972139\n ],\n [\n -83.51214181996446,\n 41.33512689972139\n ],\n [\n -83.51214181996446,\n 42.38000445143351\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dufour, Mark Richard 0000-0001-6930-7666","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-7666","contributorId":291450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dufour","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guzzo, Francesco 0000-0003-2374-0514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2374-0514","contributorId":351294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzzo","given":"Francesco","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hilling, Corbin David 0000-0003-4040-9516","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4040-9516","contributorId":298946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilling","given":"Corbin","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kohler, Branden Eric 0009-0005-9159-9761","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9159-9761","contributorId":370371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"Branden","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraus, Richard 0000-0003-4494-1841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1841","contributorId":216548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oldham, Richard Cole 0000-0002-2331-7612","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2331-7612","contributorId":294345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldham","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Cole","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roberts, James J. 0000-0002-4193-610X jroberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-610X","contributorId":5453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"jroberts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schmitt, Joseph 0000-0002-8354-4067","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-4067","contributorId":221020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70275305,"text":"70275305 - 2026 - Ecovoltaic solar energy development creates novel microclimate, temperature, and soil moisture patterns under solar panels in a warm desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-28T15:04:47.031202","indexId":"70275305","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-01T07:58:31","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1460,"text":"Ecological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecovoltaic solar energy development creates novel microclimate, temperature, and soil moisture patterns under solar panels in a warm desert","docAbstract":"Background:
As solar energy development expands in desert regions, new installation practices and solar technologies seek to balance ecosystem conservation and energy generation (ecovoltaics). The Gemini Solar Project, a large ecovoltaic facility located in the northeastern Mojave Desert, employed low impact installation methods to reduce disturbance of the desert ecosystem within arrays of bifacial panels mounted on solar tracking systems. We evaluated microclimate and environmental conditions across five locations: four within-facility microsites (underneath solar panels, east and west panel driplines, and interspaces between panel rows) and one in the undisturbed desert outside the facility.
Results:
Under panel microsites experienced lower solar radiation and evaporative demand than panel driplines, and driplines experienced lower solar radiation and evaporative demand than interspaces and undisturbed desert outside the facility. Air temperature was similar among microsites, whereas soil surface temperature was highest in interspaces and lower in under-panel and dripline microsites due to diurnal panel shading. Soil temperature was higher under panels compared to interspaces from March to September and lower in other months, and higher during daytime and lower at nighttime periods. Panel tracking and the more frequent occurrence of afternoon precipitation promoted higher soil moisture in west driplines. Water redistribution was also influenced by soil hydraulic conductivity—deep soils experienced greater west dripline soil moisture, whereas shallow soils experienced surface water pooling and greater soil moisture in the west dripline and under solar panels.
Conclusions:
Gemini’s ecovoltaic design promotes microclimate heterogeneity, moderating some environmental conditions while intensifying others, and often differing from fixed panel facilities with higher disturbance. This research provides critical information to balance renewable energy expansion and ecological function in warm deserts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1186/s13717-026-00691-8","usgsCitation":"Pinos, J., Munson, S.M., Karban, C.C., and Petrie, M.D., 2026, Ecovoltaic solar energy development creates novel microclimate, temperature, and soil moisture patterns under solar panels in a warm desert: Ecological Processes, v. 15, 33, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-026-00691-8.","productDescription":"33, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-183386","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-026-00691-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desertt","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.01799645582278,\n 36.471878495365985\n ],\n [\n -115.01799645582278,\n 36.27025532771148\n ],\n [\n -114.70070106812142,\n 36.27025532771148\n ],\n [\n -114.70070106812142,\n 36.471878495365985\n ],\n [\n -115.01799645582278,\n 36.471878495365985\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pinos, Juan","contributorId":357729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinos","given":"Juan","affiliations":[{"id":85544,"text":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karban, Claire C 0000-0002-6157-031X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6157-031X","contributorId":344987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karban","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petrie, Matthew D.","contributorId":370568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrie","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":87009,"text":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70275598,"text":"70275598 - 2026 - Bottom trawl assessment of Lake Ontario’s benthic prey fish community, 2025","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-05T14:52:15.484477","indexId":"70275598","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-31T09:47:30","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Bottom trawl assessment of Lake Ontario’s benthic prey fish community, 2025","docAbstract":"Since 1978, bottom trawl surveys in Lake Ontario have provided information on the status and trends of the benthic prey fish community related to Fish Community Objectives that include understanding prey fish population dynamics and community diversity. Beginning in 2015, the benthic prey fish survey expanded from only U.S. sites to incorporate Canadian sites, increasing the survey’s spatial coverage to a lake-wide scale. Additionally, sampling in the eastern U.S. embayments (Black River, Chaumont, Guffin, and Henderson Bays), that were historically sampled during a September bottom trawl survey to index Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens; 1978-2007), resumed in 2015. The current survey provides abundance indices for sculpins, Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and Bloater (Coregonus hoyi) using techniques, gear, and timing comparable to surveys on Lake Michigan. This alignment provides a necessary biological reference point for evaluating Lake Ontario Bloater reintroduction. In 2025, the benthic prey fish survey completed 100 bottom trawl sites across main lake and embayment habitats at depths from 6 to 168 m. Sampling in US waters was limited in 2025 compared to previous years. In total, the 2025 survey sampled 59,870 fish from 23 species. No Bloater were detected in the 2025 survey. Round Goby was the most common species comprising 46% of the total catch by number, followed by Deepwater Sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii), White Perch (Morone americana), and Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) at 23%, 9%, and 9% respectively. Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus) lake-wide biomass density continues to be lower than when lakewide sampling began in 2015; zero Slimy Sculpin were detected in US waters, however sampling in the main lake within US waters was limited to the southeastern area of Lake Ontario. Deepwater Sculpin biomass has remained high since population recovery began in 2010. Embayment sampling in 2025 was limited to only Chaumont Bay.
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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stahl, Scott David 0009-0002-0248-4523","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0248-4523","contributorId":339870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahl","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goretzke, Jessica 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2025","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has conducted annual trawl surveys across Lake Superior since 1978 that describe trends in fish species occurrence and relative abundance to support fisheries science and management. In 2025, the Lake Superior fish community was sampled with daytime bottom and surface trawls at 72 nearshore stations in May and June and 36 offshore locations in July. Nearshore bottom trawls collected 63,005 fish represented by 30 species or morphotypes. The number of species collected at each location ranged from 1 to 13, with a median of 7.0 species. Estimated fish biomass density at individual stations ranged from <0.1 to 125.7 kg per ha with a lakewide mean of 7.6 kg per ha. Offshore bottom trawls collected 30,342 fish represented by 13 species or morphotypes. Estimated fish biomass density at individual stations ranged from 1.6 to 34.7 kg per ha with a lakewide mean of 9.1 kg per ha, which was the highest since the offshore survey began in 2011. Lakewide average numerical densities (fish per ha) of age-1 fish were 0.67 per ha for Bloater, 0.01 per ha for Cisco, 1.15 per ha for Kiyi, 0.95 per ha for Lake Whitefish, and 336.33 per ha for Rainbow Smelt. Surface trawling collected 1,562 larval Coregonus individuals which was the fewest Coregonus larvae collected in a whole lake survey since the larval fish survey began in 2014. Nearshore mean larval Coregonus numerical densities were 156 fish per ha in May and June 2025 and 21 fish per ha in July 2025. May mean surface water temperatures (6.1°C) were near the warmest for the period-of-record, while June (6.8°C) and July (10.0°C) were near average or below.
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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, Isabel I. 0009-0002-2033-465X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2033-465X","contributorId":369276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Field","given":"Isabel","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":78526,"text":"Student Services Contractor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Myers, Jared Thomas 0009-0004-9362-8792","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9362-8792","contributorId":363104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Jared","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L. 0000-0002-0117-5115 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overprinting, and the relative fraction of optically active organic carbon in a human-impacted watershed","docAbstract":"Rivers continually integrate terrestrial organic matter (OM) into their waters, in a process that transfers 1.9 Pg C yr–1 as the primary linkage between oceanic and terrestrial carbon cycles. Yet rivers are not simple, conservative OM integrators. Patchy local land uses (wetlands, bogs, agriculture) release OM that can disproportionately alter river biogeochemistry and overprint upstream carbon. These releases are quantifiable at the plot scale but remain unpredictable across river reaches and watersheds, critically inhibiting our ability to scale up terrestrial-aquatic linkages to regional/global carbon cycling models. We evaluated OM overprinting distance along a human-influenced watershed to quantify river integration of terrestrial OM and to bridge the quantification gap between habitats and waterway biogeochemistry. We investigated changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition (lignin phenols, fluorescence excitation-emission spectra using parallel factor analysis [PARAFAC], and the relative fraction of optically active DOM [EEMDOC]). DOC concentrations increased continually (p < 0.001) downstream, from median 1.0 mg L–1 at 30 km (headwaters) to 3.3 mg L–1 at the river mouth. This rate of increase corresponded to a DOC overprinting distance—the longitudinal distance over which DOC concentrations double—of 13 km. Mainstem DOC overprinting distance ranged from 8 km (winter, rainy season) to 21 km (summer, dry season with irrigation), highlighting stronger overprinting during increased hydraulic connectivity. Stronger overprinting also correlated to higher EEMDOC (p < 0.001). Overprinting distance effectively quantifies river integration of DOM along the terrestrial-aquatic interface, helping to refine bottom-up carbon cycle estimates, inform upscaling of site-specific fluxes, and to track land use and climate influence on river biogeochemistry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/feart.2020.00067","usgsCitation":"Eckard, R.S., Bergamaschi, B.A., Pellerin, B., Spencer, R.G., Dyda, R.Y., and Hernes, P.J., 2026, Organic matter integration, overprinting, and the relative fraction of optically active organic carbon in a human-impacted watershed: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 8, 67, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00067.","productDescription":"67, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-099509","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00067","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Willow Slough watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.17140579668515,\n 38.80544920025048\n ],\n [\n -121.67942979897973,\n 38.80544920025048\n ],\n [\n -121.67942979897973,\n 38.48406361726251\n ],\n [\n -122.17140579668515,\n 38.48406361726251\n ],\n [\n -122.17140579668515,\n 38.80544920025048\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eckard, Robert S.","contributorId":330177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eckard","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":78839,"text":"1Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. 0000-0003-3712-7884","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3712-7884","contributorId":204324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G.","contributorId":370675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":88063,"text":"Florida State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dyda, Rachel Y.","contributorId":139732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyda","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":12894,"text":"Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hernes, Peter J.","contributorId":139730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hernes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12894,"text":"Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70275374,"text":"70275374 - 2026 - Impact of fog on California waterfowl flight activity: Historical and modern insights into effects post-Clean Air Act","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-01T14:32:54.210945","indexId":"70275374","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-30T09:29:08","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1564,"text":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of fog on California waterfowl flight activity: Historical and modern insights into effects post-Clean Air Act","docAbstract":"Since establishment of the Clean Air Act in the early 1970s, occurrence of the dense ‘Tule Fog’, historically prevalent throughout winter across California’s Central Valley, has substantially reduced. At the same time, waterfowl body masses have generally increased. Flight is metabolically expensive, and fog visually and navigationally impairs birds in flight, likely causing them to remain aloft for longer than usual periods. If less fog results in less flight and reduced energy expenditure, then fewer winter Tule fog events could contribute to increased body masses of California waterfowl since the mid-1980’s. Therefore, we aimed to assess the relationship between waterfowl flight and fog occurrence/density with historic (1991–93) and modern (2015–23) waterfowl tracking data in the Central Valley of California (CCV). Historic tracking data showed that the probability of flight increased with increasing fog density. Birds were significantly more likely to fly in fog than when there was no fog and most likely to fly in heavy fog. Modern data showed similar responses to fog with flight occurring significantly more during dawn fog events. This relationship between improved waterfowl body mass and fewer fog events may provide an opportunity to redirect scarce funding to focus on other population requirements such as improving habitats for nesting, molting and brood rearing that are currently lacking. Unanticipated benefits of the Clean Air Act should stand as a strong recommendation to maintaining this Act into the future.
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Specifically, Lake Erie is at high-risk for aquatic invasive species introductions due to many factors such as shoreline development, warm water temperatures, and transoceanic shipping traffic. Rare species captured are often used as a surrogate to assess sampling effectiveness for new or rare invasive species in vulnerable areas, such as Maumee and Sandusky bays of western Lake Erie. We compared species catches from multiple larval fish collection methods to those from adult and juvenile fish sampling. The specific objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the effectiveness of larval fish sampling for aquatic invasive species early detection in two bays of western Lake Erie: Maumee Bay and Sandusky Bay; 2) evaluate the effectiveness of passive and active sampling techniques at capturing different larval fish taxa; and 3) compare effectiveness of larval sampling techniques to juvenile and adult fish sampling methods for detecting new and rare species. While no new non-native species were captured during the study, we found that larval fish sampling techniques were not effective for detecting new or rare species but could be used with other life-stage sampling. Active sampling with bongo nets was more effective than light trap sampling, capturing a higher number of individuals and taxa. Juvenile and adult fish sampling methods provided higher precision in fish identification without the use of genetic tools. Because of the finer taxonomic resolution possible when identifying juvenile and adult fishes, sampling for adult and juveniles was found to be more robust and reliable for early detection of new and rare species compared to larval fish sampling. However, larval fish sampling can still be appropriate depending on study goals and objectives or as emerging technologies allow for greater taxonomic resolution of sampled fish.","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2026.17.2.06","usgsCitation":"Bowser, J.L., VanScoyoc, H.N., DeBruyne, R.L., and Briggs, A.S., 2026, Evaluating ichthyoplankton sampling as an effective method for early detection of novel aquatic invasive species in large bays of western Lake Erie: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 17, no. 2, p. 307-323, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2026.17.2.06.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"323","ipdsId":"IP-171304","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2026.17.2.06","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":504596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Maumee Bay, Sandusky Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.07569836418517,\n 41.5406832\n ],\n [\n -82.6540816,\n 41.5406832\n ],\n [\n -82.6540816,\n 41.40441006985671\n ],\n [\n -83.07569836418517,\n 41.40441006985671\n ],\n [\n -83.07569836418517,\n 41.5406832\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.52857590080069,\n 41.8391693\n ],\n [\n -83.2953354,\n 41.8391693\n ],\n [\n -83.2953354,\n 41.66812739989777\n ],\n [\n -83.52857590080069,\n 41.66812739989777\n ],\n [\n -83.52857590080069,\n 41.8391693\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowser, Jessica L.","contributorId":371449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowser","given":"Jessica","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanScoyoc, Haley N","contributorId":371450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanScoyoc","given":"Haley","middleInitial":"N","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeBruyne, Robin L. 0000-0002-9232-7937 rdebruyne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9232-7937","contributorId":4936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBruyne","given":"Robin","email":"rdebruyne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briggs, Andrew S.","contributorId":371451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Briggs","given":"Andrew","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36986,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}