More than 2 million Californians rely on groundwater from privately owned domestic wells for drinking-water supply. This report summarizes a water-quality survey of domestic and small-system drinking-water supply wells in the eastern Sacramento Valley and adjacent foothills where more than 25,000 residents are estimated to use privately owned domestic wells. Study results show that inorganic and organic constituents in groundwater were present above regulatory (maximum contaminant level, MCL) benchmarks for public drinking-water quality in 8 and 3 percent, respectively, of the aquifer area used for domestic drinking-water supply (herein, “domestic groundwater resources”; fig. 1).
The only inorganic constituent detected above regulatory benchmarks was arsenic. The only organic constituent exceeding regulatory benchmarks was the fumigant 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP). Three additional organic constituents—the disinfection by-product chloroform, the gasoline oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and the solvent tetrachloroethene (PCE)—were detected at low concentrations below one-tenth of regulatory benchmarks in 34, 10, and 10 percent of domestic groundwater resources, respectively. Total dissolved solids (TDS), iron, and manganese exceeded non-regulatory aesthetic guidelines for drinking water in 5, 10, and 26 percent of domestic groundwater resources, respectively. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were detected in 29 percent of domestic groundwater resources,with 5 percent exceeding the recently enacted (April 2024) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency MCLs. Total coliform and enterococci bacteria were detected in 13 and 8 percent of domestic groundwater resources, respectively.
Redox sensitive constituents in this study included arsenic, manganese, nitrate, and iron. In the lower elevation portions of the eastern Sacramento Valley study area, reducing conditions in groundwater aquifers promote elevated arsenic, iron, and manganese, and conversely lower concentrations of nitrate. The presence of the volatile organic compound (VOC) 1,2,3-TCP was related to its past history in select agricultural land uses (on orchards or vineyards) in the Sacramento Valley; however, unlike in the San Joaquin Valley where orchards and vineyards are more common, its detection frequency was low (only detected in one well in this study). Chloroform was frequently detected in this study at low levels. Chloroform is a disinfection byproduct commonly found in domestic wells treated by shock chlorination. The solvent PCE is among the most frequently detected VOCs in groundwater, which is primarily related to its long history of use and its persistence in groundwater in oxic conditions. The gasoline oxygenate MTBE was a contaminant introduced to groundwater through atmospheric exchange when it was used as a fuel additive to decrease smog inducing emissions from vehicles. Its occurrence in groundwater at low levels is expected and makes it a potentially useful tracer of relatively recent recharge water being withdrawn from wells. The PFASs are anthropogenic chemicals with hundreds of uses, and they have been incorporated into many different products, processes, and applications worldwide. Like MTBE, the occurrence of PFASs in groundwater may be in part due to atmospheric exchange, but there are several other pathways that contribute PFASs to the environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Bennett, G.L., V, 2024, Quality of groundwater used for domestic supply in the eastern Sacramento Valley and adjacent foothills, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1061, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241061.","productDescription":"15 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-150528","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497891,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117769.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463494,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1061/images"},{"id":463493,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1061/ofr20241061.xml"},{"id":463495,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241061/full"},{"id":463492,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1061/ofr20241061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463491,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1061/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Sacramento Valley and adjacent foothills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 38.666\n ],\n [\n -120.5,\n 38.666\n ],\n [\n -120.5,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Karst hydrogeologic systems represent challenging and unique conditions to scientists studying groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Karst terrains are characterized by distinct and beautiful landscapes, caverns, and springs, and many of the exceptional karst areas are designated as national or state parks. The range and complexity of landforms and groundwater flow systems associated with karst terrains are enormous, perhaps more than any other aquifer type. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Karst Interest Group (KIG), formed in 2000, is a loosely knit, grassroots organization of USGS and non-USGS scientists and researchers devoted to fostering better communication among scientists working on, or interested in, karst aquifers. The primary mission of the KIG is to encourage and support interdisciplinary collaboration and technology transfer among scientists working in karst areas. To accomplish its mission, the KIG has organized a series of workshops. To date (2024), nine KIG workshops, including the workshop documented in this report, have been held. The abstracts and extended abstracts provide a snapshot in time of past and current karst related studies. The USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program funded the workshop and proceedings. The planning committee for the ninth workshop includes Thomas D. Byl (USGS and Tennessee State University), Allan K. Clark (USGS), Laura M. DeMott (USGS), Eve L. Kuniansky (USGS, Emeritus), Benjamin V. Miller (USGS), and Lawrence E. Spangler (USGS, Emeritus). The workshop proceedings are edited by Eve L. Kuniansky and Lawrence E. Spangler. The field trip guide was produced by Benjamin V. Miller and Brian Ham (Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation) and included in the proceedings from the KIG’s 2021 virtual workshop to be used on the optional field trip held on Thursday, October 24, 2024.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241067","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., and Spangler, L.E., eds., 2024, U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group proceedings, Nashville, Tennessee, October 22-24, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024-1067, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241067.","productDescription":"iv, 109 p.","numberOfPages":"109","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-148827","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":464512,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241067/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1067 HTML"},{"id":464367,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1067/images/"},{"id":464366,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1067/ofr20241067.XML","description":"OFR 2024-1067 XML"},{"id":462963,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205019","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5019","linkHelpText":"- U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, October 19–20, 2021"},{"id":462958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1067/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":462959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1067/ofr20241067.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.85 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1067 PDF"},{"id":499031,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117750.htm","text":"Results of tracer testing at Pah Tempe Hot Springs, Hurricane, Utah","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":499030,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117749.htm","text":"Modern cave monitoring informs interpretations of past climate change: applications to Titan cave, Wyoming","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":499029,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117748.htm","text":"Geophysical characterization of glacially influenced, submature karst drainage features in western New York","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":499028,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117747.htm","text":"Planned alternative water supply technologies utilizing the karst aquifers of Texas","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":499027,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117746.htm","text":"A karst-rich impact crater: drill cores from the Flynn Creek crater, north-central Tennessee","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":499026,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117745.htm","text":"The geologic framework of karst in Monroe County, West Virginia: a tale of two systems","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":499025,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117744.htm","text":"A national model of sinkhole susceptibility in karst and pseudokarst areas of the conterminous United States","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"contact":"Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive
Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/
water-resources/science/karst-aquifers
Sediment from the Central Valley via the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) and Suisun Bay is a primary source of sand to San Francisco Bay, California. Sand is mined from San Francisco Bay for commercial purposes, such as for use in concrete for construction. To better understand the supply of sand to Suisun Bay and San Francisco Bay, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the San Francisco Bay Estuary Institute (SFEI) and the San Francisco Bay Conservation Development Commission (BCDC), initiated this study to compile and synthesize historical data and estimate the total sediment and sand portion of sediment exiting the Delta to Suisun Bay for a 20-year period between water years 2001 and 2020.
Sediment exiting the Delta is a combination of suspended sediment and bedload sediment. Seaward bedload transport was estimated using bedload transport equations and available hydraulic data at the two downstream-most streamgages in the Delta (where velocity is measured). Those two streamgages are about 25 kilometers upstream from the “exit” of the Delta at Mallard Island. The combined average annual net (seaward) bedload at these two streamgages was estimated to be 0.102 million cubic meters per year (Mm3/yr) for the study period. This volume of bedload is equivalent to 0.155 million metric tons per year (Mt/yr), assuming a bulk density of 1.517 metric tons per cubic meter (t/m3). The bedload composition was estimated to be 88 percent sand.
Between the two streamgages and Mallard Island, an annual average of 0.076 Mm3/yr of material was removed through mining during the study period, of which 97.5 percent was sand. In addition, 0.053 Mm3/yr was removed through dredging to support shipping and navigation, of which 76 percent was sand. The total volume of mined and dredged sediment material was approximately 0.128 Mm3/yr, equivalent to 0.194 Mt/yr, assuming a bulk density of 1.517 t/m3.
Assuming the estimated bedload reaching Mallard Island was reduced by mining and dredging, a mean bedload flux of −0.009 Mm3/yr was computed (using a bulk density of 1.517 t/m3), suggesting a deficit or landward transport of bedload. However, the total suspended-sediment and suspended-sand flux was in the seaward direction. The average total suspended flux of sediment to Suisun Bay through the cross section at the Mallard Island streamgage was estimated to be 0.482 million metric tons per year (Mt/yr; 0.015 Mt/yr sand) in the seaward direction. The results indicate a net flux out of the Delta of 0.469 Mt/yr of total sediment and 0.003 Mt/yr of sand.
The primary limitation of the study was the lack of physical bedload measurements to validate the bedload estimates. To better refine the estimates of bedload, physical measurements of bedload or repeat bathymetry would be necessary for a range of flow conditions. Such measurements could be used to calibrate transport equations and quantify the uncertainty in such estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Francisco Estuary Institute Aquatic Science Center, the California State Coastal Conservancy, and the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Marineau, M.D., Hart, D., Ely, C.P., and McKee, L., 2024, Sand supply to San Francisco Bay from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers of the Central Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1055, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241055.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 18 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-157560","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":463205,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1055/images"},{"id":463204,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1055/ofr20241055.xml"},{"id":463203,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1055/ofr20241055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9I18RGG","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Ely, C.P., and Marineau, M.D., 2023, Estimated bedload transport rates at Rio Vista and Jersey Point, California, 2011–2020: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9I18RGG.","linkHelpText":"Estimated bedload transport rates at Rio Vista and Jersey Point, California, 2011–2020"},{"id":497888,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117739.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463206,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/preview/ofr20241055/full"},{"id":463202,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1055/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.29538442038356,\n 38.56577858557708\n ],\n [\n -122.29538442038356,\n 37.65383277017135\n ],\n [\n -121.19683028697757,\n 37.65383277017135\n ],\n [\n -121.19683028697757,\n 38.56577858557708\n ],\n [\n -122.29538442038356,\n 38.56577858557708\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
A continuous-flow streamside toxicity test was completed to evaluate the risk posed by the use of 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (TFM), used to control Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey), to Percina caprodes (logperch). Logperch are a host fish to the parasitic glochidia life stage of the federally endangered Epioblasma triquetra (snuffbox mussel). Streams with an extant population of snuffbox must be treated before May 1, 2023, to prevent inadvertent take through TFM-related mortality of glochidia-infested fish. Although the concentration of TFM required to induce 99.9 percent mortality of sea lamprey was 6.52 milligrams per liter, the TFM required to induce 25 percent mortality of logperch was 10.14 milligrams per liter. Our data indicate that logperch are not as sensitive to TFM as previously suggested.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sea Lamprey Control Program","usgsCitation":"Kirkeeng, C.A., Luoma, J.A., Schloesser, N., Schueller, J., and Kaye, C., 2024, Assessment of the sensitivity of Percina caprodes (logperch) to the pesticide 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1064, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241064.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 7 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-161522","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497880,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117735.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463108,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P14HHHKA","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data and code release—Technical assistance bioassay to compare sea lamprey and logperch sensitivity to TFM"},{"id":463099,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241064/full"},{"id":463097,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1064/ofr20241064.XML"},{"id":463096,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1064/ofr20241064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1064"},{"id":463095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1064/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":463098,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1064/images/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.8159644849273,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -85,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -85,\n 43.2\n ],\n [\n -83.8159644849273,\n 43.2\n ],\n [\n -83.8159644849273,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, WI 54603
In cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center employed ground-based light detection and ranging (lidar) during February 2022 to help meet two resource management objectives at the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (CPNWR), Arizona. The two objectives are (1) characterize the water storage capacity for one developed and two modified tanks, which are bedrock catchments also referred to as tinajas, that are important water sources for desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) in designated wilderness at the CPNWR; and (2) develop a stage-storage model to estimate water volumes from monitoring observations of water surface levels in each tank. We measured storage capacity for the three tanks identified by refuge managers, Buckhorn, Senita, and Eagle, using ground-based lidar collected during February 2022. These data produced high-resolution (centimeter scale) topographic models that improved estimates of maximum water storage capacity over previous geometry-based estimates, permitting estimations of storage capacity at multiple water surface levels (stage heights). We found that the maximum water storage capacity for the Buckhorn, Senita, and Eagle tanks was 9,108.730, 8,623.308, and 6,039.603 US gallons (gal), respectively. For each tank we report a stage-storage model based on a polynomial function that best explained variability in water storage capacity as a function of water stage height. The results presented herein will permit the CPNWR managers to (1) easily estimate water available for wildlife at any point of time, (2) interpret tank recharge following rainstorms, and (3) decide whether and when to transport water via vehicles to mechanically refill the tanks in designated wilderness.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Sankey, J.B., Caster, J., Bransky, N., Fuest, S., Sesnie, S., and Bedford, A., 2024, Lidar estimation of storage capacity for managed water resources used by desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) at Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1046, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241046.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 51 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-147780","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497879,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117733.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463012,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1046/images"},{"id":463011,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241046/full"},{"id":463010,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1046/ofr20241046.xml"},{"id":463009,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1046/ofr20241046.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463008,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1046/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":463007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U6UYA0","description":"Caster, J., Bransky, N., Sankey, J.B., Doerries, S., Sesnie, S., and Bedford, A., 2024, Data collected for estimation of storage capacity at managed water resources used by Desert Bighorn Sheep in Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona, February 2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U6UYA0.","linkHelpText":"Data collected for estimation of storage capacity at managed water resources used by Desert Bighorn Sheep in Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona, February 2022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.06241638536036,\n 32.216227063899524\n ],\n [\n -112.99182918961803,\n 31.87845678988026\n ],\n [\n -112.99601272237372,\n 32.134724889538845\n ],\n [\n -112.83497036004906,\n 32.13248007225823\n ],\n [\n -112.80727933959541,\n 32.37642090886048\n ],\n [\n -112.77701599473573,\n 32.66128486132219\n ],\n [\n -113.26041443223556,\n 32.66128486132219\n ],\n [\n -113.24942810411025,\n 32.550226527248725\n ],\n [\n -114.07340271348566,\n 32.540965452607495\n ],\n [\n -114.06241638536036,\n 32.216227063899524\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Southwest Biological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Drive
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
In 2024, the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Minerals Information Center (NMIC) completed the project titled \"Compilation of geospatial data for the mineral industries of select countries in the Indo-Pacific.\" This project aimed to leverage the expertise and capabilities of the NMIC to collect, synthesize, and interpret geospatial data to inform on the extractive resources of select countries in the Indo-Pacific region (area of study) and expand the NMIC's understanding on the impact of mineral industry of these countries in the global economy. The 19 countries of interest in the Indo-Pacific study area include Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Fiji, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Korea (Republic of Korea), Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam. The primary objective of this effort was to create a fully attributed Geographic Information System (GIS) portraying existing mining infrastructure, resources, and production capacities across the Indo-Pacific study area as well as highlight mineral production and processing sites under development and potential areas of future extractive industry operations and development in the region. The compiled GIS geodatabase with supporting documentation including comprehensive metadata was published as a USGS data release titled \"Compilation of Geospatial Data (GIS) for the Mineral Industries of Select Countries in the Indo-Pacific.\"
This georeferenced portable document format (GeoPDF) map sheet presents a new geographic information product containing a partial representation of the GIS data. This GeoPDF map provides a visual comparison of the distribution of mineral industry GIS data, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the intersections and complexities of the extractive industries within the select countries in the Indo-Pacific region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241066","usgsCitation":"Neustaedter, E.R., and Wolfe, E.R., 2024, Geospatial PDF map of the compilation of GIS data for the mineral industries of select countries in the Indo-Pacific region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1066, 1 geospatial map, scale 1:42,500,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241066.","productDescription":"Sheet: 12.00 x 18.00 inches; Data Release","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-168033","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462739,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1066/ofr20241066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"30.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1066 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Zealand\"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
China’s export controls on gallium and germanium exemplify concerns regarding the reliability of supplies of mineral commodities that are essential to economic development, national security, and transition to renewable energy. This report presents a new model that quantifies the potential effects of mineral commodity supply disruptions on the U.S. economy. After calculating postdisruption equilibrium prices and quantities, a nonlinear optimization routine was used along with economic input-output tables to estimate the effects of varying Chinese net export restrictions of gallium and germanium on U.S. gross domestic product (GDP). The results indicated that a complete restriction of China’s net exports of gallium and germanium could cause the U.S. GDP to decrease by $3.1 billion (with lower and upper estimates of $1.7 billion to $8.2 billion) and $0.4 billion ($0.01 billion to $1.1 billion), respectively, if disrupted separately, and $3.4 billion ($1.7 billion to $9.0 billion) if disrupted simultaneously. The proposed model can be applied to other commodities and disruption scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241057","usgsCitation":"Nassar, N.T., Shojaeddini, E., Alonso, E., Jaskula, B., and Tolcin, A., 2024, Quantifying potential effects of China’s gallium and germanium export restrictions on the U.S. economy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1057, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241057.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-164579","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1057/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":462696,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1057/ofr20241057.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2024-1057 XML"},{"id":462697,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1057/images/"},{"id":462694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1057/ofr20241057.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.77 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1057 PDF"},{"id":462695,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241057/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1057 HTML"}],"contact":"Director, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
China’s export controls on gallium and germanium illustrate concerns about the reliability of supplies of mineral commodities that are essential to economic development, national security, and transitioning to renewable energy. The U.S. Geological Survey created a new model to quantify the potential effects of mineral commodity supply disruptions from Chinese net export restrictions of gallium and germanium on U.S. gross domestic product (GDP). The results indicated that a complete restriction of China’s net exports of gallium and germanium could cause the U.S. GDP to decrease by $3.1 billion (with lower and upper estimates of $1.7 billion to $8.2 billion) and $0.4 billion ($0.01 billion to $1.1 billion), respectively, if disrupted separately, and $3.4 billion ($1.7 billion to $9.0 billion) if disrupted simultaneously. The proposed model can be applied to other commodities and disruption scenarios.
","publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nassar, Nedal T. 0000-0001-8758-9732 nnassar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8758-9732","contributorId":197864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nassar","given":"Nedal","email":"nnassar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shojaeddini, Ensieh 0000-0001-9584-6399","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9584-6399","contributorId":345023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shojaeddini","given":"Ensieh","affiliations":[{"id":82464,"text":"Akima System Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alonso, Elisa 0000-0002-0090-8284","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0090-8284","contributorId":223015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alonso","given":"Elisa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaskula, Brian 0000-0002-4540-1639","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4540-1639","contributorId":345024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaskula","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tolcin, Amy 0000-0001-9447-2444 atolcin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-2444","contributorId":213768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolcin","given":"Amy","email":"atolcin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70259485,"text":"ofr20241048 - 2024 - State of science, gap analysis, and prioritization for southeastern United States water-quality impacts from coastal storms—Fiscal year 2023 program report to the Water Resources Mission Area from the Water Availability Impacts of Extreme Events Program—Hurricanes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-23T21:45:07.018203","indexId":"ofr20241048","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-09T15:47:59","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-1048","displayTitle":"State of Science, Gap Analysis, and Prioritization for Southeastern United States Water-Quality Impacts from Coastal Storms—Fiscal Year 2023 Program Report to the Water Resources Mission Area from the Water Availability Impacts of Extreme Events Program—Hurricanes","title":"State of science, gap analysis, and prioritization for southeastern United States water-quality impacts from coastal storms—Fiscal year 2023 program report to the Water Resources Mission Area from the Water Availability Impacts of Extreme Events Program—Hurricanes","docAbstract":"Tropical cyclones (coastal storm events that include tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes) cause landscape-scale disturbances that can lead to impaired water quality and thus reduce water availability for use. Stakeholders and scientists at local and national scales have illustrated a need for understanding these risks to water quality. A regional and comprehensive understanding of the impacts of tropical storms and hurricanes on surface-water and groundwater quality—and thus water availability—is lacking for potentially impacted coastal and inland areas. As the U.S. Geological Survey considers development of tools to predict the extent to which water-quality impacts of hurricanes affect water availability, an assessment of the state of the science of hurricane impacts is needed, including a gap analysis and prioritization of data and science needs. This assessment focuses on the southeastern coastal States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241048","usgsCitation":"Windham-Myers, L., Root, T.L., Petkewich, M.D., Musgrove, M., Gill, A.C., Weaver, J.C., Conaway, C.H., Lindsey, B.D., Parchaso, F., Knowles, N., and Tomaszewski, E.J., 2024, State of science, gap analysis, and prioritization for southeastern United States water-quality impacts from coastal storms—Fiscal year 2023 program report to the Water Resources Mission Area from the Water Availability Impacts of Extreme Events Program—Hurricanes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1048, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241048.","productDescription":"vii, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-158415","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497944,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117648.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":462753,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1048/ofr20241048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1048"},{"id":462752,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1048/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"southeastern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.26046308814853,\n 43.34065198513025\n ],\n [\n -71.1713607133797,\n 43.55896502744753\n ],\n [\n -75.09417377891708,\n 40.41702622060157\n ],\n [\n -76.94176883383484,\n 39.38997863980981\n ],\n [\n -77.22164958897736,\n 35.4797326167386\n ],\n [\n -81.98694844837883,\n 31.03632790667575\n ],\n [\n -91.39626305044476,\n 30.5137107036077\n ],\n [\n -91.2989713852823,\n 28.512692779158414\n ],\n [\n -88.18175904626855,\n 28.79591613221004\n ],\n [\n -86.89387148001948,\n 29.79601367137508\n ],\n [\n -83.99773737243493,\n 28.705053633372273\n ],\n [\n -82.26744490204806,\n 24.549161920326497\n ],\n [\n -81.77772710856374,\n 24.25613293881912\n ],\n [\n -79.25395823346736,\n 25.669131592981728\n ],\n [\n -80.8137017138734,\n 30.79934564119985\n ],\n [\n -75.38603247990801,\n 34.830905137914925\n ],\n [\n -74.53299323261764,\n 37.55917715000662\n ],\n [\n -72.8924569187813,\n 40.11126942721674\n ],\n [\n -69.38684780759837,\n 40.8712632604325\n ],\n [\n -69.5648600647653,\n 42.87442943706927\n ],\n [\n -68.26046308814853,\n 43.34065198513025\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Earth System Processes Division
Water Resources Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with the International Joint Commission installed and operated continuous water-quality monitors at three sites on the Souris River from May 2019 to October 2023. Continuously recorded data included dissolved oxygen (DO), water temperature, and specific conductance at the Souris River near Sherwood, North Dakota (USGS station 05114000), Souris River above Minot, N. Dak. (USGS station 05117500), and Souris River near Westhope, N. Dak (USGS station 05124000). The three sites on the Souris River were chosen for additional DO monitoring because they provided the best opportunity to capture potential effects on DO in areas downstream from major flow control structures and because identifying the connection of streamflow to DO at the international border is a focus of the International Souris River Board (ISRB).
The continuous water-quality monitoring at three sites on the Souris River from May 16, 2019, to October 1, 2023, indicated different patterns in DO among the three sites, and the different patterns indicate different factors affect DO concentrations among the sites. DO concentrations near Sherwood indicated the strong effect of algal dynamics at lower streamflow conditions with large diurnal fluctuations in DO concentration and indicated that streamflow does seem to affect DO concentrations when the streamflow is greater than about 100 cubic feet per second. DO concentrations were also frequently less than the water-quality objective (WQO) of 5 milligrams per liter in the summer and winter months, particularly during relatively low streamflow conditions in 2020 and 2021. DO concentrations above Minot had a different pattern with considerably fewer diurnal fluctuations than near Sherwood, high DO concentrations most winters except for the winter of 2021–22, and fewer instances when the DO was less than the WQO compared to Sherwood. The pattern of DO concentrations near Westhope seemed to be mainly influenced by the water chemistry coming out of J. Clark Salyer Pool 357 rather than streamflow and channel conditions at the site. The Westhope site also had the most days with daily minimum DO concentrations less than the WQO among the three sites, mainly in the winter when concentrations were consistently at or near 0 milligrams per liter for most of the winter months.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Joint Commission","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J.M., 2024, Dissolved oxygen monitoring on the Souris River, 2019–23: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1043, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241043.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-167787","costCenters":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497955,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117500.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":462183,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241043/full"},{"id":462182,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":462181,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1043/images/"},{"id":462180,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1043/ofr20241043.XML"},{"id":462179,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1043/ofr20241043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1043"},{"id":462178,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1043/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Souris River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.03302625208204,\n 50.79350866915286\n ],\n [\n -105.03302625208204,\n 47.533599370512235\n ],\n [\n -98.11163953333218,\n 47.533599370512235\n ],\n [\n -98.11163953333218,\n 50.79350866915286\n ],\n [\n -105.03302625208204,\n 50.79350866915286\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
821 East Interstate Avenue
Bismarck, ND 58503
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, SD 57702
The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Center of Excellence (ECCOE) focuses on improving the accuracy, precision, calibration, and product quality of remote-sensing data, leveraging years of multiscale optical system geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization experience. The ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team continually monitors the geometric and radiometric performance of active Landsat missions and makes calibration adjustments, as needed, to maintain data quality at the highest level.
This report provides observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 8 and 9 for quarter 1 (January–March), 2024. All data used to compile the Cal/Val analysis results presented in this report are freely available from the U.S. Geological Survey EarthExplorer website:
https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov.
This quarterly report is the third to include analysis results for Landsat 9, which was launched in September 2021. The inclusion of Landsat 9 analysis results was dependent on two factors: a complete reprocessing of the Landsat 9 data archive and enough time elapsing to begin formulating lifetime trends. In April 2023, all Landsat 9 image data acquired since the satellite’s launch were reprocessed to take advantage of calibration updates identified by the ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team. Additional information about the Landsat 9 reprocessing effort is available at https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/news/upcoming-reprocessing-all-landsat-9-data. Additional information about Landsat 9 prelaunch, commissioning, and early on-orbit imaging performance is available at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing/special_issues/15B4V2K92K.
This quarterly report is the first to not include analysis results for Landsat 7 because Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imaging was suspended on January 19, 2024, after the satellite transitioned into full sunlight. The satellite has been drifting since early 2022 after being lowered from the nominal orbit altitude, and the transition into full sunlight is a result of the satellite operating in its extended science mission. Additional information about the imaging suspension is available at https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/news/landsat-7-imaging-suspended. Additional information about the Landsat 7 extended science mission is available at https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-7-extended-science-mission.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241058","usgsCitation":"Haque, M.O., Hasan, M.N., Shrestha, A., Rengarajan, R., Lubke, M., Shaw, J.L., Ruslander, K., Micijevic, E., Choate, M.J., Anderson, C., Clauson, J., Thome, K., Barsi, J., Kaita, E., Levy, R., Miller, J., and Ding, L., 2024, ECCOE Landsat quarterly Calibration and Validation report—Quarter 1, 2024 (ver. 1.1, December 2024): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1058, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241058.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 57 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-165326","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439140,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1058/images/"},{"id":439137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1058/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":439138,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1058/ofr20241058.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1058"},{"id":439139,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1058/ofr20241058.XML"},{"id":439141,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241058/full"},{"id":439142,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/","text":"USGS database","linkHelpText":"- EarthExplorer"},{"id":464902,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1058/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0: September 24, 2024; Version 1.1: December 11, 2024","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Invasive carp pose substantial economic and ecological damage when populations are widespread in freshwater systems within the United States. Resource managers in the United States have few chemical control tools to selectively remove nuisance fish. This study examined whether Antimycin–A (antimycin) wax encapsulated microparticles could cause selective lethality in invasive carps. The antimycin microparticles were selective toward bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) across multiple experimental scales. Microparticles applied in experimental pond studies caused approximately 50 percent lethality in invasive carp. Effluent pond studies performed at Rathbun Fish Hatchery (Moravia, Iowa) caused silver carp lethality at a lower rate than previous pond or laboratory studies (approximately 1 percent); however, minimal effects on other fish species were observed. The antimycin microparticle formulation shows the ability to cause lethality in filter-feeding invasive carp relative to other fish species and demonstrated the plausibility for delivering a typically nonselective toxicant in a selective manner to specific species based on their physiological feeding traits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241052","usgsCitation":"Sauey, B.W., Saari, G.N., Putnam, J.G., Nelson, J.E., Wamboldt, J.J., Steiner, J.N., and Calfee, R.D., 2024, A novel tool to selectively deliver a control agent to filter-feeding silver and bighead carp: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1052, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241052.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 17 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-158198","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433504,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1052/images/"},{"id":433506,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241052/full"},{"id":433501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1052/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":433502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1052/ofr20241052.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1052"},{"id":433503,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1052/ofr20241052.XML"},{"id":499261,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117491.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":433505,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1DHXFTG","text":"UGSS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release for a novel tool to selectively deliver a control agent to filter-feeding silver and bighead carp"}],"contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, WI 54603
The Aransas-Wood Buffalo population of Grus americana (Linnaeus, 1758; whooping cranes) migrates through the U.S. Great Plains, encountering places substantially altered by human activity. Using telemetry data from 2017 to 2022, we investigated whooping crane migration behavior around U.S. Air Force bases in Oklahoma. Our study focused on potential collision risks between whooping cranes and aircraft, a substantial concern for aviation safety. We determined that activity was greatest at Kegelman Air Force Auxiliary Airfield, near whooping crane critical habitat. On average, 61 percent of marked whooping cranes used locations west of Kegelman Air Force Auxiliary Airfield and Vance Air Force Base during autumn migration and 55 percent during spring migration, and few cranes approached within 5 kilometers of airfields. Flight characteristics revealed seasonal variations in altitude and timing; cranes flew at lower altitudes in autumn and had distinct flight patterns. Additionally, we assessed temporal aspects of migration, identifying average arrival and departure dates for spring and autumn migrations. Cranes indicated consistency in seasonal presence, which may aid in risk assessments. Our findings underscore the importance of monitoring potential interactions between whooping cranes and aircraft, particularly around whooping crane critical habitat like the Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma. Detailed summaries of migration patterns and flight behavior can be used to assist the U.S. Air Force in assessing collision risks and developing mitigation strategies. Furthermore, these summaries can provide insights for the conservation efforts of this endangered species managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and serve as a step towards mitigating risks to aviation safety and the recovery of whooping cranes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","programNote":"Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Brandt, D.A., and Pearse, A.T., 2024, Migrating whooping crane activity near U.S. Air Force bases and airfields in Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1056, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241056.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 23 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-165140","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1056/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":433673,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1056/ofr20241056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1056"},{"id":433675,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1056/images/"},{"id":433676,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Y8KZJ9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Location data for whooping cranes of the Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population, 2009–2018"},{"id":433677,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P138HGIX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Whooping crane use around Air Force Bases in Oklahoma, 2017–2022"},{"id":433674,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1056/ofr20241056.XML"},{"id":433678,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241056/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.13000204850229,\n 37.12806045019728\n ],\n [\n -100.13000204850229,\n 33.690676852817916\n ],\n [\n -97.31750204850259,\n 33.690676852817916\n ],\n [\n -97.31750204850259,\n 37.12806045019728\n ],\n [\n -100.13000204850229,\n 37.12806045019728\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
The 2018 Carr Fire burned more than 90 percent of Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, with much of the park burning at high severity. California yellow pine and mixed conifer forests are not well adapted to large, high-severity fires, and forest recovery after these events may be problematic. Large, high-severity fire patches pose difficulties for recruitment with interiors that are long distances from potential seed trees and may develop fuel structures that can promote further high-severity fire. This report details patterns of forest structure derived from field plots measured 2–3 years after the Carr Fire, providing a characterization of immediate fire effects. We coupled these observations with remotely sensed information, including data collected from unoccupied aircraft system surveys. The remotely sensed data were used to depict erosion after the Carr Fire as well as to create a high-resolution land cover classification map, a debris flow risk map and hazard assessment, and a post-fire canopy vegetation loss map. Results indicated high levels of tree mortality after the Carr Fire, including high-value old growth forest stands, supporting remotely sensed assessments of fire severity. The high-resolution tree mortality model also aligned well with other remotely sensed estimates of immediate burn severity. Results of the land cover classification illustrated the high percentage of dead vegetation remaining in the understory and canopy 8 months post-fire. Changes in vegetation height identified areas with canopy vegetation loss from 1- to 8-months post-fire. Pairing the post-fire debris accumulation with debris flow probabilities may identify high-risk debris flow areas. The results of this study will help inform future decisions concerning wildland fire and vegetation management strategies at Whiskeytown National Recreation Area and are broadly relevant for management in the aftermath of large, high-severity fires in mixed, dry coniferous forests in the western United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231053","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Land Change Science Program","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., Wright, M.C., Thorne, K.M., Beckmann, J., Buffington, K., Rankin, L.L., Colley, A., and Engber, E.A., 2024, Learning from a high-severity fire event—Conditions following the 2018 Carr Fire at Whiskeytown National Recreation Area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1053, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231053.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 52 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-145882","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499189,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117307.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":432970,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231053/full"},{"id":432965,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97Y21L1","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Wright, M.C., Engber, E., and van Mantgem, P.J., 2024, Forest conditions following the 2018 Carr Fire at Whiskeytown National Recreation Area: U.S. Geological Survey data release, available at https://doi.org/10.5066/P97Y21L1.","linkHelpText":"Forest conditions following the 2018 Carr Fire at Whiskeytown National Recreation Area"},{"id":432964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GS9V1J","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Thorne, K.M., Freeman, C.M., and Rankin, L.L., 2024, UAS imagery at Whiskeytown National Recreation Area in 2018 and 2019 following the Carr Fire: U.S. Geological Survey data release, available at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GS9V1J.","linkHelpText":"UAS imagery at Whiskeytown National Recreation Area in 2018 and 2019 following the Carr Fire"},{"id":432969,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1053/images"},{"id":432968,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1053/ofr20231053.xml"},{"id":432967,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1053/ofr20231053.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":432966,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1053/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Whiskeytown National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.82661214645721,\n 40.425804364692084\n ],\n [\n -122.42999478567339,\n 40.425804364692084\n ],\n [\n -122.42999478567339,\n 40.713227651132485\n ],\n [\n -122.82661214645721,\n 40.713227651132485\n ],\n [\n -122.82661214645721,\n 40.425804364692084\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The Shinnecock Indian Nation on Long Island, New York, faces challenges of shoreline retreat, saltwater intrusion, and flooding of the Tribal lands under changing climate and rising sea level. However, understanding of the dynamics of tidal circulation and waves and their impacts on the Shinnecock Indian Nation’s shoreline remains limited. This numerical study employs the integrated modeling capabilities of the hydrodynamic model Delft3D-FLOW and the spectral-wave model Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) to investigate the circulation and wave dynamics along the shoreline of Shinnecock Indian Nation. The results of the 1-year long simulation indicate the majority of wind waves approach the Shinnecock Nation shorelines at normal wave angles, with yearly averaged offshore wave height of around 0.2 meter, maximum wave height reaching 0.65 meter, and yearly averaged offshore wave power of approximately 50 watts per meter. Boulders, acting as natural barriers, have been placed along the shoreline to reduce erosive wave forcing. Simulation results indicate the boulders to the north end effectively attenuate wave energy and reduce annual wave power, while the boulders near the two tidal ponds adjacent to the Tribal cemetery only have a slight influence on wave energy. There are large spatial variabilities in wave attenuation and current velocity reduction by the boulders. The model framework developed in this study can be utilized for the optimal design of nature-based solutions, guiding decisions on the placement of living shoreline structures and determining their optimal size. This study further identifies data and knowledge gaps as well as future research opportunities that can enhance the performance of numerical models and contribute to the scientific understanding of coastal processes and facilitate the optimal design of hybrid living shorelines in the future to achieve the maximum protective efficacy. This research can help to inform strategies for safeguarding vulnerable coastal communities and promoting resilience and sustainability of shoreline along the Shinnecock Indian Nation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241050","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with Northeastern University","usgsCitation":"Zhu, L., Wang, H., Chen, Q., Capurso, W., and Noll, M., 2024, Numerical modeling of circulation and wave dynamics along the shoreline of Shinnecock Indian Nation in Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1050, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241050.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 32 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-163925","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":434899,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241050/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1050 HTML"},{"id":433221,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OG0AAO","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Three-dimensional point cloud data collected with a scanning total station on the western shoreline of the Shinnecock Nation Tribal lands, Suffolk County, New York, 2022"},{"id":433217,"rank":2,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1050/images"},{"id":433215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1050/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":433218,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1050/ofr20241050.pdf","size":"3.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1050"},{"id":433219,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1050/ofr20241050.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2024-1050 XML"},{"id":499260,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117308.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Shinnecock Indian Nation relative to Shinnecock Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.53273633004311,\n 40.90389205501435\n ],\n [\n -72.53273633004311,\n 40.82631366731101\n ],\n [\n -72.40468479043905,\n 40.82631366731101\n ],\n [\n -72.40468479043905,\n 40.90389205501435\n ],\n [\n -72.53273633004311,\n 40.90389205501435\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, LA 70506–3152
Contact Us- USGS Publications Warehouse
","tableOfContents":"The U.S. Geological Survey hosted a Mississippi River Science Forum with Federal agencies; Tribal, State, and local governments located in States that border the Mississippi River; academia; and other interested stakeholders. The purpose of the forum was to share current (2023) science; identify data gaps and areas of concern; and to prioritize next steps needed to advance the goals of improving water quality, restoring habitat and natural systems, improving navigation, eliminating aquatic invasive species, and building local resilience to natural disasters along the Mississippi River. The forum was a directive for the U.S. Geological Survey in the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2022 (Public Law 117—103, 136 Stat. 49).
Participants and stakeholders that attended the Mississippi River Science Forum indicated the following.
This report highlights data gaps and areas of concern discussed during the forum, and it identifies needs to advance the goals of improving water quality, restoring habitat and natural systems, improving navigation, eliminating aquatic invasive species, and building local resilience to natural disasters with specific emphasis on data collection and measurement, and scientific investigation. The report also summarizes stakeholder input and feedback and outlines next steps identified by forum participants.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241053","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J.C., Rebich, R.A., Jankowski, K., Edwards, T.M., Larson, J.H., Robertson, D.M., Sprague, L.A., Stackpoole, S.M., Summers, K.M., Cinotto, P.J., Rydlund, P.H., Churchill, C.J., Daniel, W.M., Mckenna, O.P., Middleton, B.A.,\nCarter, J., Hartley, S.B., Frey, J.W., and Warner, K.L., 2024, U.S. Geological Survey Mississippi River Science Forum—Summary of data and science needs and next steps: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1053, 4 p.,\nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241053.","productDescription":"iii, 4 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-159348","costCenters":[{"id":82110,"text":"Midcontinent Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433267,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241053/full"},{"id":433266,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1053/images/"},{"id":433265,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1053/ofr20241053.XML"},{"id":433264,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1053/ofr20241053.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1053"},{"id":433263,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1053/coverthb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 31.12819929911196\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -84.0234375,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -81.82617187499999,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -79.89257812499999,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -76.025390625,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -79.189453125,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -83.232421875,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 41.376808565702355\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -92.900390625,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 47.69497434186282\n ],\n [\n -96.767578125,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -103.18359375,\n 48.69096039092549\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 49.15296965617042\n ],\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -112.763671875,\n 48.86471476180277\n ],\n [\n -112.412109375,\n 47.754097979680026\n ],\n [\n -111.97265625,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -112.32421875,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -113.5546875,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -111.796875,\n 44.08758502824516\n ],\n [\n -108.369140625,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -105.46875,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -105.29296874999999,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 39.436192999314095\n ],\n [\n -105.29296874999999,\n 38.54816542304656\n ],\n [\n -104.58984375,\n 36.31512514748051\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -105.29296874999999,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -103.095703125,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -99.931640625,\n 32.175612478499325\n ],\n [\n -95.625,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 31.052933985705163\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 28.459033019728043\n ],\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 28.536274512989916\n ],\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 30.14512718337613\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Midcontinent Regional Director’s Office
U.S. Geological Survey
1992 Folwell Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55108
The Coastal California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica: “gnatcatcher”) is a resident species restricted to coastal sage scrub habitat in southern California. Listed as federally threatened, the gnatcatcher is subject to multiple threats, including habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation, particularly in association with the increasing frequency of large wildfires. The California Gnatcatcher is a focal species under several habitat conservation plans and is monitored to determine population trends and evaluate the success of the plans in protecting the species.
Historically, gnatcatcher monitoring has been limited in geographic scope and has used differing methodologies, limiting the extent to which findings can be generalized across larger spatial scales and multiple populations. In 2015, we completed the first of an intended series of surveys following a standardized protocol designed to address two broad objectives. First, we sought to determine gnatcatcher occupancy at the regional scale, including habitat from throughout the species’ range in southern California, as well as in two subregions: Orange County and San Diego County, to address specific management objectives within those jurisdictions. In addition, we collected vegetation data to better understand gnatcatcher habitat associations that affect occupancy. In a parallel objective, we evaluated the effect of fire on gnatcatchers and their habitat by comparing occupancy and vegetation characteristics across sites varying in the length of time since the last fire. Data collected in 2020 allowed us to expand the study to include analyses of colonization (sites unoccupied in one year and occupied the next) and extinction (sites occupied in one year but not the next).
In 2020, we surveyed 327 regional points and 180 subregional points each in Orange and San Diego Counties. In addition, we surveyed 95–106 points within 4 postfire categories based on the year of the last fire at each point: before or during 2002 (“unburned”), 2003–06, 2007–10, and 2011–14. We surveyed for gnatcatchers during three area searches centered on each point at 2-week intervals commencing in mid-March. Vegetation data were collected during May–June using a modified point-intercept method along fixed transects.
Shrub and tree cover at our plots was dominated by California sagebrush (Artemisia californica), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), laurel sumac (Malosma laurina), sage (including Salvia mellifera and S. leucophylla), and sunflowers (including Encelia californica, E. farinosa, and Bahiopsis laciniata); however, most of the vegetation at plots consisted of non-native grass and herbaceous plants, indicating a high level of disturbance associated with fire. We documented vegetation differences at the subregional scale indicative of differences in fire history: in Orange County, overall shrub/tree cover was higher and herbaceous cover lower than in San Diego, where three large fires had burned within 17 years of this study. Both woody and herbaceous cover increased between 2016 and 2020 at the regional and two subregional scales, likely a response to above-average precipitation during 2 years preceding the 2020 surveys. Herbaceous vegetation also increased at postfire points; however, woody vegetation cover changed little between 2016 and 2020.
We modeled the effects of vegetation and physical (elevation, distance to Pacific coast, slope) covariates on gnatcatcher occupancy, colonization, and extinction probabilities in the regional, subregional, and postfire datasets. Cover of California sagebrush was the strongest predictor of gnatcatcher occupancy and appeared in the top models for every dataset. California buckwheat was another strong positive predictor of gnatcatcher occupancy in all datasets. Cover of sunflowers was a positive predictor of occupancy in the Orange County subregion, and both sunflowers and sage were positive predictors of occupancy at postfire points. In contrast, laurel sumac was negatively related to gnatcatcher occupancy in postfire habitats, with occupancy unlikely when sumac exceeded 50 percent cover. Herbaceous vegetation, including invasive grass, negatively affected gnatcatcher occupancy regionwide.
Covariates that were strong positive predictors of occupancy were also positive predictors of colonization and (or) negative predictors of extinction, and vice versa. Outside of the positive effects of California sagebrush and California buckwheat, and the negative effect of total herbaceous cover, we identified few covariates influencing colonization. In contrast, we identified many more predictors of extinction, including cover of laurel sumac and grass, which increased extinction risk, and cover of California sagebrush, sunflowers, and bare ground, along with time since last fire, which reduced extinction risk.
We used our modelled estimates of colonization and extinction probabilities to derive occupancy in 2020 based on starting occupancy in 2016. Gnatcatcher occupancy increased in 2020 at regional and subregional scales and in unburned habitat, growing by 19–35 percent since 2016. Among burned sites, occupancy tripled from 2016 to 2020 at points burned during 2011–14 but was unchanged at the 2007–10 postfire points and declined by 28 percent at points burned in 2003–06. The slow recovery of the gnatcatcher population in this latter category, which makes up 16 percent of the suitable habitat in San Diego County, is a matter of conservation concern warranting further attention.
Collectively, our rangewide results reveal a widespread and long-term effect of wildfire on California Gnatcatcher habitat, particularly in San Diego County. These data provide a baseline from which future monitoring can be used to evaluate changes in habitat condition over time and to improve our understanding of the factors and processes influencing gnatcatcher occupancy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Diego Association of Governments, Natural Communities Coalition, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Kus, B.E., Houston, A., and Preston, K.L., 2024, Occupancy dynamics of the Coastal California Gnatcatcher in southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1015, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241015.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 34 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-156536","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433034,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241015/full"},{"id":433032,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1015/ofr20241015.xml"},{"id":433031,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1015/ofr20241015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":433029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PC30JX","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Kus, B.E., and Houston, A., 2021, Rangewide occupancy and post-fire recovery of California gnatcatchers in southern California (ver 2.0, March 2023): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PC30JX.","linkHelpText":"Rangewide occupancy and post-fire recovery of California gnatcatchers in southern California (ver 2.0, March 2023)"},{"id":433033,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1015/images"},{"id":433030,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1015/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.95012019018054,\n 35.34010394860475\n ],\n [\n -119.95012019018054,\n 32.347823604041594\n ],\n [\n -116.28068659643058,\n 32.347823604041594\n ],\n [\n -116.28068659643058,\n 35.34010394860475\n ],\n [\n -119.95012019018054,\n 35.34010394860475\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The purpose of this report is to provide the Marine Corps with an annual summary of abundance, breeding activity, demography, and habitat use of endangered Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP or “Base”). Surveys for the Least Bell's Vireo were completed at MCBCP, California, between April 4 and July 12, 2022. Core survey areas and a subset of non-core areas in drainages containing riparian habitat suitable for vireos were surveyed two to four times. We detected 571 territorial male vireos and 14 transient vireos in core survey areas. An additional 90 territorial male vireos and 2 transients were detected in non-core survey areas. Transient vireos were detected on 7 of the 11 drainages/sites surveyed (core and non-core areas). Of the vireo territories in core areas, 90 percent were on the four most populated drainages, with the Santa Margarita River containing 73 percent of all territories in areas surveyed on Base. In core areas, 81 percent of male vireos were confirmed as paired; 61 percent of male vireos in non-core areas were confirmed as paired.
The number of documented Least Bell’s Vireo territories in core survey areas on MCBCP increased 4 percent from 2021 to 2022. In three core survey area drainages, the number of territories increased by at least two, and in five core survey area drainages, the number of vireo territories decreased by at least two between 2021 and 2022. The increase in the number of vireo territories on MCBCP was consistent with population changes at the lower San Luis Rey River (7-percent increase), but not with Marine Corps Air Station, Camp Pendleton (10-percent decrease).
A wildfire in July 2021 burned approximately 22 hectares of vireo habitat on the Santa Margarita River. There was no difference in the number of vireo territories within the fire perimeter before the fire (three territories in 2021) and after the fire (three territories in 2022).
Most core-area vireos (52 percent, including transients) used mixed willow (Salix spp.) riparian habitat. An additional 8 percent of birds occupied willow habitat co-dominated by Western sycamores (Platanus racemosa) or Fremont cottonwoods (Populus fremontii). Riparian scrub composed of mule fat (Baccharis salicifolia), sandbar willow (S. exigua), or blue elderberry (Sambucus mexicana) was used at 37 percent of vireo territories. Upland scrub was used by 2 percent of the vireos, and 1 percent of vireo territories were in drier habitats co-dominated by coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and sycamore.
In 2019, MCBCP began operating an artificial seep along the Santa Margarita River; then, in 2021, two additional artificial seeps became operational. The artificial seeps pumped water to the surface starting in March and ending in August each year during daylight hours and were designed to increase the amount of surface water to enhance Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) breeding habitat. Although this enhancement was designed to benefit flycatchers, few flycatchers have inhabited the seep areas within the past several years; therefore, vireos were selected as a surrogate species to determine effects of the habitat enhancement. This report presents the third year of analyses of vireo and vegetation response to the artificial seeps.
We sampled vegetation in two Seep sites and two Reference sites to determine the effects of surface water enhancement by seep pumps installed along the Santa Margarita River. Total vegetation cover below 2 meters (m) was greater at Seep sites than at Reference sites. Conversely, there was more non-native vegetation cover above 2 m (from 2 to 4 m) at Reference sites than at Seep sites. Soil moisture was greater at Seep sites than at Reference sites and decreased with increasing distance from the seep outlets. Soil moisture was positively correlated with total foliage cover and woody cover at most height categories. Soil moisture was not correlated with total herbaceous cover at any height category, although it was positively correlated with native herbaceous cover from 1 to 2 m and negatively correlated with non-native cover from 2 to 4 m. The number of vireo fledglings produced per egg was positively correlated with woody cover from 0 to 2 m but negatively correlated with herbaceous cover from 0 to 2 m. The number of fledglings produced per pair was negatively correlated with herbaceous and non-native vegetation cover below 2 m.
The U.S. Geological Survey has been color banding Least Bell’s Vireos on Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton since 1995. By the end of 2021, 978 Least Bell’s Vireos had been color banded on Base. In 2022, we continued to color band and resight color banded Least Bell’s Vireos to evaluate adult site fidelity, between-year movement, and the effect of surface-water enhancement on vireo site fidelity and between-year movement. We banded 135 Least Bell's Vireos for the first time during the 2022 season. Birds banded included 4 adult vireos and 131 juveniles. All adult vireos were banded with unique color combinations. The juvenile vireos (all nestlings) were banded with a single gold numbered federal band on the left leg.
There were 43 Least Bell's Vireos banded before the 2022 breeding season that were resighted and identified on Base in 2022. Of these vireos, 39 were banded on Base, 3 were originally banded on the San Luis Rey River, and 1 was banded at Marine Corps Air Station, Camp Pendleton. Adult birds of known age ranged from 1 to at least 7 years old.
Base-wide survival of vireos was affected by sex, age, and year. Males had a significantly higher survival rate than females. Adults had a higher survival rate than first-year vireos. Survival for adults and first-year birds was lowest from 2020 to 2021 and highest from 2012 to 2013. The return rate of adult vireos to Seep or Reference sites was not affected by whether they were originally banded at a Seep versus Reference site.
Most of the returning adult vireos showed strong between-year site fidelity. Of the adults detected in 2021 and 2022, 89 percent (92 percent of males; 67 percent of females) returned to within 100 m of their previous territory. The average between-year movement for returning adult vireos was 0.1±0.2 kilometers (km). The average movement of first-year vireos detected in 2022 that fledged from a known nest on MCBCP in 2021 was 1.6±1.8 km.
Vireo territory density at the Seep and Reference sites was similar before the seep pumps were installed. Although vireo territory density at Seep sites appeared greater than at Reference sites after the seep pumps were installed, the difference was not significant.
We monitored Least Bell’s Vireo pairs to evaluate the effects of surface-water enhancement on nest success and breeding productivity. We monitored vireo nesting activity at 25 territories in 2 Seep sites and 25 territories in 2 Reference sites between March 31 and July 28. All territories except one were occupied by pairs, and all were “fully monitored,” meaning all nesting attempts were monitored at these territories. During the monitoring period, 97 nests (49 in Seep sites and 48 in Reference sites) were monitored.
Breeding productivity was similar at the Seep and Reference sites (2.7 and 3.3 young fledged per pair, respectively), although more pairs at Reference sites than Seep sites fledged at least one young (96 versus 76 percent, respectively). There were no other differences in breeding productivity between Seep site pairs and Reference site pairs. According to the best model, daily nest survival in 2022 was not related to whether the territory was in a Seep versus a Reference site. Completed nests at the Seep sites had similar fledging success as nests at Reference sites in 2022. At Seep sites, 56 percent of nests fledged young whereas 67 percent of Reference nests successfully fledged young. Predation was believed to be the primary source of nest failure at both sites. Predation accounted for 80 percent and 73 percent of nest failures at Seep and Reference sites, respectively. Failure of the remaining nests was attributed to infertile eggs and other unknown causes.
Vireos placed their nests in 12 plant species in 2022. We detected no differences in nest placement between successful and unsuccessful vireo nests or between Seep and Reference sites.
Precipitation appeared to play a role in fluctuations in the vireo population on MCBCP; however, it could not be directly linked to annual vireo breeding productivity. One possible factor that may be confounding the relationship between vireo breeding productivity and precipitation may be nest parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in the region, especially on the nearby San Luis Rey River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Assistant Chief of Staff, Environmental Security, U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Lynn, S., Treadwell, M., and Kus, B.E., 2024, Distribution, abundance, and breeding activities of the Least Bell's Vireo at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California—2022 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1006, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241006.","productDescription":"x, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-147619","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433041,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241006/full"},{"id":433040,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1006/images"},{"id":433039,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1006/ofr20241006.xml"},{"id":433038,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1006/ofr20241006.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16 MB"},{"id":433037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1006/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.00752092448062,\n 33.74785275971904\n ],\n [\n -118.00752092448062,\n 33.11976647292282\n ],\n [\n -116.85834882258109,\n 33.11976647292282\n ],\n [\n -116.85834882258109,\n 33.74785275971904\n ],\n [\n -118.00752092448062,\n 33.74785275971904\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The purpose of this report is to provide the Marine Corps with an annual summary of abundance, breeding activity, demography, and habitat use of endangered Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP or “Base”). Surveys for the Least Bell's Vireo were completed at MCBCP, California, between April 5 and July 13, 2021. Core survey areas and a subset of non-core areas in drainages containing riparian habitat suitable for vireos were surveyed three to four times. We detected 551 territorial male vireos and 26 transient vireos in core survey areas. An additional 98 territorial male vireos were detected in non-core survey areas. Transient vireos were detected on 8 of the 10 drainages/sites surveyed (core and non-core areas). Of the vireo territories in core areas, 89 percent were on the four most populated drainages, with the Santa Margarita River containing 70 percent of all territories in areas surveyed on Base. In core areas, 75 percent of male vireos were confirmed as paired; 76 percent of male vireos in non-core areas were confirmed as paired.
The number of documented Least Bell’s Vireo territories in core survey areas on MCBCP decreased 18 percent from 2020 to 2021. The number of territories in all but two core survey area drainages decreased by one or more between 2020 and 2021. The decrease in vireo numbers on MCBCP (18 percent) was consistent with population changes in surrounding areas, including the lower San Luis Rey River (24-percent decrease) and the middle San Luis Rey River (6-percent decrease).
Most core-area vireo territories (59 percent of males) were in willow (Salix spp.) riparian habitat. An additional 7 percent of birds occupied willow habitat co-dominated by Western sycamores (Platanus racemosa) or Fremont cottonwoods (Populus fremontii). Of all the territories surveyed, 25 percent were in riparian scrub dominated by mule fat (Baccharis salicifolia) or sandbar willow (S. exigua). Upland scrub was used by 8 percent of vireos; 1 percent of vireo territories were in non-native vegetation, and less than 1 percent of vireo territories were in alder or drier habitats co-dominated by coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and sycamore.
In 2019, MCBCP began operating an artificial seep along the Santa Margarita River; then, in 2021, two additional artificial seeps became operational. The artificial seeps pumped water to the surface starting in March and ending in August each year during daylight hours and were designed to increase the amount of surface water present to enhance Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) breeding habitat. Although this enhancement was designed to benefit flycatchers, few flycatchers have inhabited the seep areas within the past several years; therefore, vireos were selected as a surrogate species to determine effects of the habitat enhancement. This report presents the second year of analyses of vireo and vegetation response to the artificial seeps.
We sampled vegetation in two Seep sites and two Reference sites to determine the effects of a new water diversion dam that was completed in 2019 and two seep pumps that were installed to enhance surface water along the Santa Margarita River in 2019 and 2021. We measured higher total vegetation cover below 2 meters (m) at Seep sites than at Reference sites and lower total vegetation cover above 5 m at Seep sites than at Reference sites. Native herbaceous cover was also higher below 4 m at Seep sites than at Reference sites. Woody cover was lower above 5 m at Seep sites than at Reference sites. Soil moisture did not differ between Seep and Reference sites.
The U.S. Geological Survey has been color banding Least Bell’s Vireos on Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton since 1995. In 2021, we continued to color band and resight color banded Least Bell’s Vireos to evaluate adult site fidelity, between-year movement, and the effect of surface-water enhancement on vireo site fidelity and between-year movement. We banded 164 Least Bell's Vireos for the first time during the 2021 season. Birds banded included 3 adult vireos and 161 juvenile vireos. All adult vireos were banded with unique color combinations. The juvenile vireos (all nestlings) were banded with a single gold numbered federal band on the right leg.
There were 52 Least Bell's Vireos banded before the 2021 breeding season that were resighted and identified on Base in 2021. Of these vireos, 45 were banded on Base, 6 were originally banded on the San Luis Rey River, and 1 was banded at Marine Corps Air Station, Camp Pendleton. Adult birds of known age ranged from 1 to at least 7 years old.
Base-wide survival of vireos was affected by sex, age, and year. Males had a slightly but significantly higher survival rate than females. Adults had a higher survival rate than first-year vireos. Survival of both adults and first-year birds was high from 2007 to 2008 and from 2012 to 2013 and low from 2020 to 2021. The return rate of adult vireos to Seep or Reference sites ranged from 45 to 57 percent.
Most returning adult vireos showed strong between-year site fidelity. Of the adults present in 2020 and 2021, 84 percent (94 percent of males; no females) returned to within 100 m of their previous territory. The average between-year movement for returning adult vireos was 0.1±0.2 kilometer (km). The average movement of first-year vireos detected in 2021 that fledged from a known nest on MCBCP in 2020 was 1.1±0.7 km.
We monitored Least Bell's Vireo pairs to evaluate the effects of surface-water enhancement on nest success and breeding productivity. Vireos were monitored at two Seep sites and two Reference sites. Early in 2021, a seep was installed in a 2020 Reference site, which changed the status of this monitoring site from Reference to Seep.
Nesting activity was monitored between April 5 and July 22 in 50 territories within the Seep and Reference sites (25 at Seep sites and 25 at Reference sites). All territories, except one, were occupied by pairs and all were fully monitored, meaning all nesting attempts were monitored at these territories. During the monitoring period, 97 nests (42 in Seep sites and 55 in Reference sites) were monitored.
Breeding productivity was similar at the Seep site and Reference sites (3.6 and 3.4 young per pair, respectively), with 84 percent of Seep pairs and 88 percent of Reference pairs successfully fledging at least one young in 2021. Seep sites had a higher proportion of all eggs that hatched and also a higher proportion of nests with eggs that hatched than Reference sites. Seep sites and References sites had similar proportions of hatchlings that fledged and nests with hatchlings that fledged. According to the best model, daily nest survival in 2021 was higher in Seep sites than in Reference sites. Completed nests at the Seep site were more likely to be successful than nests at Reference sites in 2021. At Seep sites, 75 percent of nests fledged young, whereas 53 percent of nests at Reference successfully fledged young. Vireos at Reference sites had to expend more energy in extra nest-building and egg-laying to produce a similar number of young as vireos at Seep sites. Predation was believed to be the primary source of nest failure at both sites. Predation accounted for 100 percent and 83 percent of nest failures at Seep and Reference sites, respectively. Failure of the remaining nests was attributed to infertile eggs and other unknown causes.
There were 11 plant species used as hosts for vireo nests in 2021. Successful vireo nests at Reference sites were further from the edge of host plants (closer to the center) and further from the edge of the nest plant clump than unsuccessful nests. Vireo nests at Seep sites were further from the edge of the host plant and the nest plant clump than vireo nests at Reference sites.
Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Residents of Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, rely on the basin-fill alluvial aquifer underlying the valley for drinking water. Since the 1980s, groundwater levels and water-quality data have been collected to monitor the status of the aquifer system and to assist in planning efforts to address current (2024) and future demand. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Douglas County, Nevada, evaluated trends in water levels, nitrate, and arsenic concentrations from a network of monitoring and domestic wells in Carson Valley. This work also assessed the monitoring well network to determine the suitability of wells for characterizing the occurrence of arsenic in the groundwater. Monitoring of constituents, such as nitrate and arsenic concentrations, is needed to assess changes in contaminant distribution and to evaluate the effect that changing land use and groundwater pumping has on their occurrence and transport.
Results of the trend analysis indicate water levels are declining (p<0.05) in 17 of 26 selected monitoring wells (65 percent). Areas with the largest change in water levels, with more than 20 feet of declines, were within the community areas of Johnson Lane, Ruhenstroth, South Agricultural, East Valley, and Fish Springs. Variations in water levels measured in wells from the Central Agricultural, Minden, Foothill, Alpine County (one well), and Gardnerville Ranchos areas show periods of increase and decrease over time, but they also maintain long-term declining trends (p<0.05).
Increases in nitrate concentrations in groundwater samples collected from 9 out of 14 selected monitoring wells (64 percent) are statistically significant (p<0.05) within the Ruhenstroth, Gardnerville Ranchos, East Valley, Genoa, and Johnson Lane community areas. Samples collected from a well in Indian Hills/Jacks Valley indicated a decreasing trend in nitrate concentration over time. Nitrate concentrations in samples collected from wells in East Valley, Genoa, Johnson Lane, and Indian Hills/Jack Valley were consistently low (less than 3 milligrams per liter [mg/L]) and stable. Nitrate concentrations from selected wells in Johnson Lane and Garnerville Ranchos exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg/L (as nitrogen) and have trends that are increasing over time. In 2022, a sample collected from Johnson Lane had a concentration (7.3 mg/L) below the MCL with an increasing trend over time.
Temporal trend analyses for groundwater arsenic concentrations in Carson Valley could not be done because of a lack of temporal data. However, using available historical data, arsenic concentrations seem to be greater in groundwater from wells located on the eastern and northern areas of the valley than in wells located on the western or southern areas. Groundwater arsenic concentrations exceed 5 micrograms per liter (μg/L) in most samples collected from wells in Johnson Lane, Airport, Central Agricultural, and East Valley areas and in many cases exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) MCL of 10 μg/L. Data indicate that groundwater from domestic wells screened at deeper intervals are likely more vulnerable to elevated arsenic concentrations than shallower wells.
A groundwater network evaluation for Carson Valley identified potential modifications in the sampling locations and frequency to better understand the effect of groundwater pumping in communities where municipal and domestic demand are greatest, potentially enhancing understanding of contaminant transport in these areas. Potential modifications to the active well network include reducing the frequency of sample collection from existing network wells (6 out of 11) that have consistently shown low and stable nitrate concentrations, adding wells in areas where data are sparse, and increasing the number of wells in areas with elevated groundwater nitrate concentrations. Including the analysis of arsenic in samples from the active groundwater monitoring well network will provide more detail on the temporal and spatial variability of arsenic concentrations.
A visualization tool for the Carson River Basin was developed to provide access to discrete and near real-time hydrologic and water-quality data. The Carson River Basin Hydro Mapper (CBH; U.S. Geological Survey, 2023b) shows active and historical discrete water levels measured by the USGS and the State of Nevada Division of Water Resources, discrete groundwater nitrate and arsenic concentration data collected by the USGS, near real-time streamflow, and surface water levels for select waterbodies. The hydrologic data in the CBH provides resource managers, the public, and the scientific community with an easily accessible tool to present and communicate the most up-to-date information available about local and basin-wide water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241045","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Douglas County, Nevada","programNote":"Water Resources Mission Area—Water's Cooperative Matching Funds","usgsCitation":"Naranjo, R.C., and Bubiy, A., 2024, Assessment of water levels, nitrate, and arsenic in the Carson Valley Alluvial Aquifer and the development of a data visualization tool for the Carson River Basin, Nevada (ver. 1.1, September 2024): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1045, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241045.","productDescription":"vii, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-154652","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":434792,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/versionHist.txt","size":"5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":432958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":432959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/ofr20241045.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":432960,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/ofr20241045.xml"},{"id":432961,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/images"},{"id":432962,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241045/full"},{"id":497966,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117224.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":433077,"rank":6,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://webapps.usgs.gov/carsonriverbasinhydromapper/","text":"Carson River Basin Hydro Mapper Webapp"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carson River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.6,\n 39.05\n ],\n [\n -119.6,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -119.3,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -119.3,\n 39.05\n ],\n [\n -119.6,\n 39.05\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: August 2024; Version 1.1: September 2024","contact":"Director,
Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Carson City, Nevada 89701
The U.S. Geological Survey Community for Data Integration annually funds small projects focusing on data integration for interdisciplinary research, innovative data management, and demonstration of new technologies. This report provides a summary of the 12 projects funded in fiscal year 2020, outlining their goals, activities, and accomplishments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241027","programNote":"Science Synthesis, Analysis, and Research Program","usgsCitation":"Hsu, L., Chapin, E.G., Barnhart, T.B., Cravens, A.E., Erickson, R.A., Ferrante, J., Fox, A., Hitt, N.P., Hunter, M., Kolb, K., Peacock, J.R., Petkewich, M.D., Reed, S.C., Sohl, T.L., and Williamson, T.N., 2024, Community for Data Integration 2020 project report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1027, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241027.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-157501","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38128,"text":"Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433035,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1027/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":433075,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1027/images"},{"id":433076,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1027/ofr20241027.xml"},{"id":433036,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1027/ofr20241027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.52 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1027"},{"id":433331,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241027/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1027"}],"contact":"Director, Science Analytics and Synthesis Program
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 302
Denver, CO 80225
This report presents accuracy assessment results of the light detection and ranging (lidar) data collected in Colorado during a pilot project in fall 2019. The purpose of the pilot project was to assess the accuracy of lidar and imagery data collected simultaneously for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agriculture Imagery Program and the U.S. Geological Survey National Geospatial Program 3D Elevation Program (3DEP). A multiagency group consisting of U.S. Department of the Interior agencies and USDA agencies participated in the effort. Department of the Interior agencies included Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, and U.S. Geological Survey; USDA agencies included the Farm Services Agency, the Natural Resource Conservation Service, and U.S. Forest Service. This pilot project was designed to help determine if a lidar sensor system has the potential to meet future 3DEP topographic lidar collection requirements, ideally at the same altitudes and leaf-on times that National Agriculture Imagery Program is flown.
The airborne sensor system from Leica Geosystems (part of Hexagon) (hereafter referred to as dual sensor system) was used in the pilot project and can collect imagery and three-dimensional point cloud data concurrently. This report examines the characteristics of lidar data from a geometric accuracy perspective. Field surveys were performed to evaluate the three-dimensional absolute and relative accuracy of the airborne lidar data and to determine if the data met 3DEP specifications.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241036","usgsCitation":"Sampath, A., Irwin, J., and Kim, M., 2024, Airborne lidar accuracy analysis for dual photogrammetric and lidar sensor pilot project in Colorado, 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1036, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241036.","productDescription":"Report: v, 22 p.; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-145014","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499258,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117220.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":432948,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241036/full"},{"id":432946,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1036/ofr20241036.XML"},{"id":432945,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1036/images/"},{"id":432944,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1036/ofr20241036.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1036"},{"id":432943,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1036/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":432947,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CPDWUU","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hybrid lidar/imagery sensor validation survey data, 2019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.41673062084341,\n 40.689427754445916\n ],\n [\n -105.41673062084341,\n 40.45990268267724\n ],\n [\n -104.91983118255482,\n 40.45990268267724\n ],\n [\n -104.91983118255482,\n 40.689427754445916\n ],\n [\n -105.41673062084341,\n 40.689427754445916\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.24129047491809,\n 40.22901702069382\n ],\n [\n -106.24129047491809,\n 39.9645466499631\n ],\n [\n -105.60981370231355,\n 39.9645466499631\n ],\n [\n -105.60981370231355,\n 40.22901702069382\n ],\n [\n -106.24129047491809,\n 40.22901702069382\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Surveys for the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) were done at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP or “Base”), California, between May 9 and July 20, 2022. All of MCBCP’s historically occupied riparian habitat (core survey area) was surveyed for flycatchers in 2022. None of the non-core survey area was surveyed in 2022.
Eight transient Willow Flycatchers of unknown subspecies were observed on three of the five drainages surveyed in 2022. Willow Flycatchers were not detected at Fallbrook or Pilgrim Creeks. Transients occurred in a range of habitat types, including mixed willow (Salix spp.) riparian, riparian scrub, and upland scrub habitat. Exotic vegetation, primarily poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), was present in most of the flycatcher locations.
In 2022, for the second time since monitoring began in 2000, resident Southwestern Willow Flycatchers were not detected on Base. The decline was not isolated to MCBCP; similar declines have been documented across California in recent years.
The one uniquely banded adult female flycatcher present during the 2021 breeding season did not return to MCBCP in 2022. None of the transients observed during surveys were seen to carry bands.
From 2000 to 2022, adult annual survival of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers on MCBCP was 60±3 percent, whereas first-year survival was 20±3 percent.
A conspecific attraction study was initiated on Base in 2018 and repeated annually through 2022; flycatchers were not observed near automated playback units in 2022.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231080","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Assistant Chief of Staff, Environmental Security, U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Howell, S.L., and Kus, B.E., 2024, Distribution, abundance, and breeding activities of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California—2022 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1080, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231080.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-147621","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423448,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231080/full"},{"id":423447,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1080/images"},{"id":423446,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1080/ofr20231080.xml","size":"200 KB","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":423445,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1080/ofr20231080.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":423444,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1080/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.97155578495742,\n 33.68843828437876\n ],\n [\n -117.97155578495742,\n 33.07385423406275\n ],\n [\n -116.90578319960974,\n 33.07385423406275\n ],\n [\n -116.90578319960974,\n 33.68843828437876\n ],\n [\n -117.97155578495742,\n 33.68843828437876\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The purpose of this report is to provide the Marine Corps with an annual summary of abundance, breeding activity, demography, and habitat use of the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP). Surveys for the flycatcher were completed at MCBCP between May 5 and July 31, 2021. All of MCBCP’s historically occupied riparian habitat (core survey area) was surveyed for flycatchers in 2021. Additionally, one-fifth of the non-historically occupied riparian habitat (non-core survey area C) was surveyed for flycatchers. Twenty-four transient Willow Flycatchers of unknown subspecies were observed on five of the seven drainages surveyed in 2021. No Willow Flycatchers were detected at French or Las Flores Creeks. Transients occurred in a range of habitat types, including mixed willow (Salix spp.) riparian, riparian scrub, willow-sycamore (Platanus sp.) dominated or oak (Quercus spp.) sycamore-dominated riparian, and non-native-dominated riparian habitat. Exotic vegetation, primarily poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), was present in most flycatcher locations.
The resident population of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers on MCBCP declined 50 percent, from two individuals in 2020 to one individual in 2021. In 2021, the resident Southwestern Willow Flycatcher population on MCBCP consisted of one unpaired female occupying one territory. No males were observed in 2021. The resident flycatcher population was restricted to the Santa Margarita River, and distribution was limited to the Pueblitos breeding area. The resident flycatcher territory was located in mixed willow riparian habitat.
Nesting was initiated in late May and continued into late July. Two nesting attempts were documented, neither of which were successful. Infertile eggs likely accounted for both nest failures. No instances of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism were observed. The female flycatcher placed her nests in native sandbar willow (Salix exigua) and used the same nest location for both nesting attempts.
Of resident birds that were present at MCBCP in 2021, 100 percent were banded in previous years; no unbanded birds were detected. Of the two uniquely banded adult flycatchers (one male, one female) present during the 2020 breeding season, 50 percent (one female) returned to MCBCP in 2021. The banded female returned to the same breeding area and territory she occupied in 2020. Neither of the two nestlings banded in 2020 returned to MCBCP in 2021, and neither were detected off Base. From 2000 to 2021, adult over-winter survival of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers on MCBCP was 60±3 percent (mean±standard error [SE]), and first-year survival was 20±3 percent.
A conspecific attraction study that used automatic playback units to broadcast flycatcher vocalizations in order to encourage flycatchers to settle on MCBCP was initiated in 2018 and repeated annually through 2021. The single resident flycatcher (female) detected in 2021 settled close to an automated playback unit.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Assistant Chief of Staff, Environmental Security, U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Howell, S.L., and Kus, B.E., 2024, Distribution, abundance, and breeding activities of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California—2021 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1039, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241039.","productDescription":"viii, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-156551","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1039/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":432892,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1039/ofr20241039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":432893,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1039/ofr20241039.xml"},{"id":432894,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1039/images"},{"id":432895,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241039/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.79672069647273,\n 33.56385799493502\n ],\n [\n -117.79672069647273,\n 33.155239670288594\n ],\n [\n -117.12032821171901,\n 33.155239670288594\n ],\n [\n -117.12032821171901,\n 33.56385799493502\n ],\n [\n -117.79672069647273,\n 33.56385799493502\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered June 7, 1954 (New Jersey v. New York, 347 U.S. 995), established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey. In addition, the Decree authorizes the diversion of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs owned by New York City be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master provide reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 64th annual report of the River Master of the Delaware River. The report covers the 2017 River Master report year, from December 1, 2016, to November 30, 2017.
During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 47.85 inches or 108 percent of the long-term average. On December 1, 2016, combined useable storage in the New York City reservoirs in the upper Delaware River Basin was 110.115 billion gallons or 40.7 percent of combined storage capacity, the lowest combined storage of the 2017 report year. The reservoirs were at about 100 percent of useable capacity on May 31, 2017. Combined storage remained above 80 percent of combined capacity until September 2017.
A lower basin drought watch issued by the Delaware River Basin Commission in 2016 extended from the beginning of this report year to January 18, 2017. The drought watch was ended on January 18, 2017, due to increased precipitation in December 2016. River Master operations during the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree and the Flexible Flow Management Programs.
Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey fully complied with the Decree. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey (N.J.), on 52 days during the report year. Interim Excess Release Quantity and conservation releases, designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs, were made during the report year. Excess Release Quantity and Interim Excess Release Quantity Bank releases were also made during the report year.
The water quality in the Delaware River estuary between the streamgages at Trenton, N.J., and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. The data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected continuously by electronic instruments at four sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241022","isbn":"978-1-4113-4580-5","usgsCitation":"Russell, K.L., Andrews, W.J., DiFrenna, V.J., Norris, J.M., and Mason, R.R., Jr., 2024, Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2016–November 30, 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1022, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241022.","productDescription":"xi, 109 p.","numberOfPages":"109","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-153026","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499249,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117174.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":432667,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1022/images/"},{"id":432666,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1022/ofr20241022.XML","description":"OFR 2024-1022 XML"},{"id":432665,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241022/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1022 HTML"},{"id":432664,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1022/ofr20241022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1022 PDF"},{"id":432663,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1022/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 39.31354002356349\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 39.31354002356349\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Delaware River Master
Office of the Delaware River Master
U.S. Geological Survey
We completed four protocol surveys for Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus; hereinafter vireo) during the breeding season, supplemented by weekly territory monitoring visits between April 6 and July 20 at the San Luis Rey Flood Risk Management Project Area (hereinafter Project Area). We identified a total of 136 territorial male vireos; 121 were confirmed as paired, and 4 were confirmed as single males. For the remaining 11 territories, we were unable to confirm breeding status. In 2023, two transient vireos were detected. The vireo population in the Project Area increased by 2 percent from 2022 to 2023. Populations in southern San Diego County also increased (by 6 percent on the Otay River) or were stable (Salt Creek/Wolf Canyon). In contrast, the vireo population at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP) and at Marine Corps Air Station decreased by 2 and 10 percent, respectively.
We used an index of treatment (hereinafter Treatment Index) to evaluate the effect of ongoing vegetation clearing on the Project Area vireo population. The Treatment Index measures the cumulative effect of vegetation treatment within a territory by using the percentage area treated weighted by the number of years since treatment. We determined that the Treatment Index for an unoccupied habitat was more than four times higher than that of an occupied habitat, indicating that vireos selected habitats that were less treated in which to settle.
We monitored vireo nests at three general site types: (1) within the flood channel where non-native and native vegetation removal has occurred regularly (hereinafter Channel), (2) three sites near the flood channel where limited non-native and native vegetation removal has occurred (hereinafter Off-channel), and (3) three sites that have been actively restored by planting native vegetation (hereinafter Restoration). Nesting activity was monitored in 84 territories, 4 of which were occupied by single males. Overall, 46 percent of completed nests were successful, and nest success did not differ among the three sites. In 2023, we found that territories in the Channel had greater hatching success per egg compared to Off-channel, but there were no other differences with regard to clutch size, hatching, or fledging success among Channel, Off-channel, and Restoration sites. Overall breeding success and productivity were slightly higher in 2023 than in 2022, with pairs fledging an average±standard deviation of 3.1±2.1 young and 79 percent of pairs fledging at least 1 young.
To investigate if the cumulative years of treatment had an effect on vireo reproductive effort, we looked at the effects of the Treatment Index on reproductive parameters. Results from generalized linear models indicated that treatment did not have an effect on vireo nesting effort (the number of nest attempts) or the number of vireo fledglings per pair produced in 2023. Similarly, we did not detect an effect of Treatment Index on the daily survival rate (DSR) of nests.
Analysis of vegetation data collected at vireo nests from 2006 to 2023 did not reveal an effect of vegetation cover at the nest on DSR. We did find, however, that Channel nests were placed higher in and farther from the edge of the host plant than Off-channel nests. Within sites, we did not detect any differences in vegetation cover between successful and unsuccessful nests.
Red/arroyo willow (Salix laevigata or Salix lasiolepis) and mule fat (Baccharis salicifolia) were the species most commonly selected for nesting by vireos in all three site types. Black willow (Salix gooddingii) and sandbar willow (Salix exigua) also were commonly used. Vireos used a wider variety of species for nesting in Channel and Off-channel sites (10 and 13 species, respectively) compared to Restoration sites (2 species), although there was limited nesting in Restoration sites in 2023.
There were 51 vireos banded before the 2023 breeding season that were resighted and identified at the Project Area in 2023. Two of these vireos were originally banded outside of the Project Area, at the Santa Margarita River on MCBCP. Adult birds of known age ranged from 1 to 7 years old. Between 2006 and 2023, survival of males (66±11 percent) was consistently higher than that of females (60±12 percent). First-year birds from 2006 to 2022 had an average annual survival of 15±5 percent.
First-year dispersal in 2023 averaged 20.2±31.3 kilometers (km), with the longest dispersal (76.3 km) by a female that was recaptured at Wolf Canyon, a tributary to Otay River. From 2007 to 2012, most returning first-year vireos returned to the Project Area, whereas from 2014 to 2016, a greater proportion of returning birds dispersed to areas outside of the Project Area. From 2018 to 2022, the trend shifted, and more first-year vireos returned to the Project Area, except for 2022 when only one out of five first-year vireos returned to the Project Area. This trend continued in 2023: 71 percent of all first-year vireos returned to the Project Area, and 29 percent dispersed to areas outside of the Project Area (San Diego River and Wolf Canyon).
Most of the returning adult male vireos showed strong between-year fidelity to their previous territories. In 2023, 94 percent of males (34/36) occupied a territory that they had defended in 2022 (within 100 meters [m]). In 2023, 33 percent of females (1/3) detected returned to a territory they occupied in 2022. The average between-year movement for returning adult vireos was 0.2±0.9 km. The amount of treatment at adults’ 2022 territories did not affect the distance adults moved to their 2023 territories.
We completed four protocol surveys for the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus; hereinafter flycatcher) at the Project Area between May 15 and July 21, 2023. In 2023, four transient Willow Flycatchers were detected in the Project Area. Two transients were detected in Reach 1, one in Reach 3a, and one in Whelan Mitigation. No resident flycatchers were documented in the Project Area in 2023.
A total of 46 vegetation transects (516 points) were sampled in the Project Area in 2023. There were 71 percent (368/516) of points located in the Channel, and 22 percent (113/516) were in Upper Pond. The remaining 7 percent (35/516) of points were at the Whelan Restoration site. Foliage cover below 1 m was higher at the Channel points and Upper Pond compared to Whelan Restoration. From 1 to 3 m, foliage cover was similar at all 3 sites; however, above 3 m foliage cover was higher in the Channel compared to the Upper Pond and Whelan Restoration sites. Average canopy height was higher in the Channel (5.6±3.8 m) compared to Upper Pond (4.7±2.7 m) and Whelan Restoration (4.0±2.0 m). From 2006 to 2023, total foliage cover declined from 2 to 3 m and above 6 m in the Channel, in contrast to Upper Pond and Whelan Restoration, where little directional change in vegetation cover has occurred and where vegetation cover has largely recovered to 2006 levels. Within the Channel, the steepest declines occurred between 2009 and 2013 and between 2014 and 2016. Since 2016, we observed an increase in foliage cover, largely herbaceous, between 0 and 2 m within the Channel. Although increases were observed at all height classes after 2016, percentage cover has remained below levels measured before 2009.
We sampled vegetation at 45 vireo nests and 45 random plots (territory plots) within territories in the Channel and Upper Pond after the 2023 breeding season. Vireos in the Channel established territories in areas with significantly more cover from 3 to 7 m but less cover below 1 m relative to the available habitat. Within territories, Channel vireos selected nest sites largely at random, but with significantly less foliage cover from 4 to 5 m. Vireos at Upper Pond established territories in areas with significantly more foliage cover below 4 m and from 5 to 6 m relative to available habitat. Within territories, Upper Pond vireos also selected nest sites at random except for a preference for sites with significantly less foliage cover below 1 m.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241040","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Houston, A., Allen, L.D., Mendia, S.M., and Kus, B.E., 2024, Least Bell's Vireos and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers at the San Luis Rey Flood Risk Management Project Area in San Diego County, California: Breeding activities and habitat use—2023 Annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1040, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241040.","productDescription":"x, 77 p.","numberOfPages":"77","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-163418","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432608,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241040/full"},{"id":432607,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1040/images"},{"id":432606,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1040/ofr20241040.xml"},{"id":432605,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1040/ofr20241040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":432604,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1040/covrthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819