{"pageNumber":"50","pageRowStart":"1225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":2263,"records":[{"id":70016742,"text":"70016742 - 1994 - Geology and geochemistry of Summitville, Colorado: An epithermal acid sulfate deposit in a volcanic dome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T17:09:49.569264","indexId":"70016742","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and geochemistry of Summitville, Colorado: An epithermal acid sulfate deposit in a volcanic dome","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geologic studies during recent open-pit mining at Summitville, Colorado, have provided new information on an epithermal acid sulfate Au-Ag-Cu deposit formed in a volcanic dome. Geologic mapping, geochemical studies of whole-rock samples from blast holes, and geologic and geochemical traverse studies refine the details of the evolution of the Summitville deposit. Six distinct events followed emplacement of the quartz latite volcanic dome and define the development of the Summitville deposit: (1) an early stage of acid sulfate alteration, (2) subsequent Cu sulfide and gold mineralization, (3) widespread hydrothermal brecciation, (4) volumetrically minor, base metal sulfide-bearing barite veining, (5) volumetrically minor, kaolinite matrix brecciation, and finally, (6) supergene oxidation. Events 1 and 2 were the most important for the formation of the Summitville deposit. Acid sulfate altered rock is primarily found in the quartz latite volcanic dome rock and consists of vuggy silica (central), quartz-alunite, quartz-kaolinite, argillic, and propylitic (distal) zones. Ore deposition (event 2) of enargite, luzonite, covellite, pyrite, native sulfur, marcasite, and minor sphalerite, native gold, + or - barite and galena overprinted the acid sulfate altered rocks. Events 3, 4, and 5 are geologically important but rarely formed units large enough to be considered mineable ore by open-pit mining. The final supergene oxidation event affected much of the near-surface portion of the deposit and leached copper and sulfide minerals forming oxide zones. Near-surface oxide zones contain the highest Au grades and decrease progressively with depth.Fractures were important fbr localizing both the acid sulfate altered rock and ore deposition at Summitville. Such fracture control is apparent despite a lack of distinct throughgoing open-space quartz veins; instead, laterally and vertically extensive ore zones are identified by their highly silicified character that can be traced laterally for up to 500 m and vertically up to 200 m. Ore zones strike parallel to regional faults related to rifting and basin and range development, suggesting that hydrothermal fluids followed preexisting fractures. Ore zones follow two northwest trends, a N 30 degrees W + or - 20 degrees trend, and a N 60 degrees W trend. Most fractures and faults in the open pit dip steeply from 65 degrees to vertical. Ore zones intersect near the center of the deposit to form a large zone approximately 150 by 400 m. Ore zones form a rough radial pattern located near the center of the deposit and a discontinuous arcuate feature on the northern side. This radial pattern, arcuate feature, and the intersection of ore zones near the center of the deposit are probably related to the intrusion of a porphyry below the deposit. The overall low Au-grade, high-tonnage character of the Summitville deposit is related to low permeability in the quartz latite volcanic dome rock and absence of well-developed open-space hydrothermal veins.Gold analyses of development drill holes and blast hole samples, in conjunction with geologic mapping in the open pit, indicate that vuggy silica, quartz-alunite, and quartz-kaolinite altered rock constitute most of the Au ore. Vuggy silica averaged 2.4 ppm Au, quartz-alunite averaged 1.2 ppm Au, and quartz-kaolinite averaged 0.86 ppm Au during open-pit mining. Grades for argillically altered rock were usually below the ore cutoff of 0.34 ppm Au. Propylitically altered rock rarely contained detectable Au concentrations (0.03 ppm Au) and constituted only waste rock. Although volumetrically minor, event 4 base metal sulfide-bearing barite veins and event 5 kaolinite matrix breccias contained high Au grades (up to about 800 ppm Au), producing approximately 5 to 15 percent of the total Au mined in the deposit.Geochemical studies of samples collected across traverses of altered and mineralized ore zones indicate that Te, Bi, and Pb are characteristic trace elements, in addition to Au, Ag, Cu, and As that are typical of acid sulfate mineral deposits. Anomalous Te is associated with Cu sulfides and gold in vuggy silica zones. Anomalous Bi and Pb concentrations correlate most consistently with quartz-alunite zones. Thallium is also anomalous at Summitville. Highest concentrations of Tl are found in argillic rock, whereas silicified zones are depleted in it. The anomalous Tl in distal zones is similar to observations in some porphyry Cu systems. Pronounced lateral zonation of Ag/Au ratios is present in the deposit. The Ag/Au ratios vary from about 2:1 near the center of the orebody to greater than 20:1 on the periphery.The Summitville deposit is located in the midlevel portion of a mineralized volcanic dome, with a porphyry system at depth, and a hot springs environment at the surface. Drill holes through the volcanic dome intersected a quartz monzonite porphyry approximately 600 m below the surface that is altered to sericite and pyrite similar to some porphyry deposits. Laterally extensive cristobalite and opal replacing quartz latite are found southwest of the deposit and represent a hot-spring environment. Bedded siliceous sinter, some of which contains plant debris, overlies the cristobalite and opal at some localities. These deposits may represent surface vents for the fluids responsible for acid sulfate alteration or mineralization of the volcanic dome.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.89.8.1906","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., and Coolbaugh, M., 1994, Geology and geochemistry of Summitville, Colorado: An epithermal acid sulfate deposit in a volcanic dome: Economic Geology, v. 89, no. 8, p. 1906-1923, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.89.8.1906.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1906","endPage":"1923","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a22d7e4b0c8380cd573ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coolbaugh, M.F.","contributorId":55034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coolbaugh","given":"M.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20964,"text":"ofr94408 - 1994 - Geochemical maps of copper, lead, and zinc, upper Arkansas River drainage basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T19:14:26.123808","indexId":"ofr94408","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-408","title":"Geochemical maps of copper, lead, and zinc, upper Arkansas River drainage basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94408","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.M., 1994, Geochemical maps of copper, lead, and zinc, upper Arkansas River drainage basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-408, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94408.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411078,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12525.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":50546,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0408/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155398,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0408/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.674,\n              38.405\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.674,\n              37.856\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              37.856\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              38.405\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.674,\n              38.405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae085","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S. M.","contributorId":27859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1002506,"text":"1002506 - 1994 - Trace elements in canvasbacks (<i>Aythya valisineria</i>) wintering in Louisiana, USA, 1987-1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-12T10:59:52","indexId":"1002506","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace elements in canvasbacks (<i>Aythya valisineria</i>) wintering in Louisiana, USA, 1987-1988","docAbstract":"We determined trace element concentrations in livers of canvasbacks (<i>Aythya valisineria</i>) collected at Catahoula Lake and the Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana during, the winter of 1987–1988. Forty percent of canvasbacks wintering at Lake Catahoula had elevated concentrations of lead (>6·7 μg g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight) in the liver; 33% had concentrations consistent with lead intoxication (>26·7 μg g<sup>−1</sup>). Based on the number of canvasbacks that winter at Lake Catahoula and the frequency of lead exposure there, more than 5% of the continental population of canvasbacks may be exposed to lead at Lake Catahoula alone. Lead concentrations in livers differed among months and were higher in males than females, but were not different in adults and immatures. Concentrations of selenium and mercury in livers of females differed among months but not by age or location. Cadmium concentrations in livers differed by age, location and month of collection, but not by sex. Frequencies and concentrations of trace elements not commonly associated with adverse effects on avian species (aluminum, arsenic, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, silver, vanadium and zinc) are presented. Except for the elevated concentrations of lead at Catahoula Lake, all trace elements were at background concentrations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0269-7491(94)90136-8","usgsCitation":"Custer, T.W., and Hohman, W.L., 1994, Trace elements in canvasbacks (<i>Aythya valisineria</i>) wintering in Louisiana, USA, 1987-1988: Environmental Pollution, v. 84, no. 3, p. 253-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90136-8.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15414,"rank":100,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90136-8","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7123.000000000000000"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Catahoula Lake;Mississippi River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0434,28.9254 ], [ -94.0434,33.0195 ], [ -88.8162,33.0195 ], [ -88.8162,28.9254 ], [ -94.0434,28.9254 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627e81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hohman, William L.","contributorId":73141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hohman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18716,"text":"ofr94328 - 1994 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at the Merle K. \"Mudhole\" Smith Airport near Cordova, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr94328","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-328","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at the Merle K. \"Mudhole\" Smith Airport near Cordova, Alaska","docAbstract":"Air service to Cordova, Alaska and the surrounding region is provided by the Merle K. &quot;Mudhole&quot; Smith Airport, 21 kilometers east of the townsite.  The Federal Aviation Administration owns or operates support facilities at the airport and wishes to consider the environmental setting and hydro- geologic conditions when evaluating options for remediation of potential contamination at these facilities. The airport is within the Copper River Delta wetlands area and the Chugach National Forest. Silts, sands, and gravels of fluvial origin underlie the airport.  Potential flooding may be caused by outbursts of glacier-dammed lakes, glacier icemelt, snowmelt runoff, or precipitation. Surface spills and disposal of hazardous materials in conjunction with precipitation or flooding may adversely affect the quality of ground water. Drinking water at the airport is currently supplied by wells. Alternative drinking-water sources include local rivers and streams, transporting city water from Cordova, or undiscovered aquifers.  Each alternative source, however, would likely cost significantly more to develop than using the existing shallow aquifer supply.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94328","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J., and Sokup, J., 1994, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at the Merle K. \"Mudhole\" Smith Airport near Cordova, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-328, 28 p.  :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94328.","productDescription":"28 p.  :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0328/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48075,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0328/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a38a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, J.M.","contributorId":68756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sokup, J.M.","contributorId":84395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sokup","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017910,"text":"70017910 - 1994 - Partitioning of zinc among common ferromagnesian minerals and implications for hydrothermal mobilization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:21","indexId":"70017910","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partitioning of zinc among common ferromagnesian minerals and implications for hydrothermal mobilization","docAbstract":"In systems where metals are scavenging from crystalline rocks by through-flowing fluids, the important host minerals must be dissolved or must undergo cation-exchange reactions with the fluid. Whereas copper resides in sulfides, zinc resides in magnetic and, to a lesser extent, in biotite, clinopyroxene and olivine. Magnetite is known from petrographic studies to be more resistant to alteration than sulfides. For metals extracted from crystalline rocks, the Cu:Zn mass ratio may thus decrease with progressive alteration. In systems where metals are scavenged from cooling magmas by exsolving fluids, the metals are partitioned among melt, fluid and any crystals that have fractionated. For zinc, crystal fractionation may be an important sink if magnetite or biotite crystallize before fluid saturation. The zinc concentrations of magmatic fluids will thus be reduced. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., 1994, Partitioning of zinc among common ferromagnesian minerals and implications for hydrothermal mobilization: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 32, no. 1, p. 121-132.","startPage":"121","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7544e4b0c8380cd77a94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18451,"text":"ofr942B - 1994 - Data for four drill holes, Mount Margaret copper-molybdenum-gold deposit, Skamania County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-18T07:34:46","indexId":"ofr942B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-2","chapter":"B","title":"Data for four drill holes, Mount Margaret copper-molybdenum-gold deposit, Skamania County, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr942B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., 1994, Data for four drill holes, Mount Margaret copper-molybdenum-gold deposit, Skamania County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-2, 1 computer disk ;5 1/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr942B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;5 1/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277760,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0002b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c945","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18450,"text":"ofr942A - 1994 - Data for four drill holes, Mount Margaret copper-molybdenum-gold deposit, Skamania County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:35","indexId":"ofr942A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-2","chapter":"A","title":"Data for four drill holes, Mount Margaret copper-molybdenum-gold deposit, Skamania County, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr942A","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., 1994, Data for four drill holes, Mount Margaret copper-molybdenum-gold deposit, Skamania County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-2, 10 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr942A.","productDescription":"10 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0002a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47802,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0002a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70174859,"text":"70174859 - 1993 - 1993 Annual Report: San Francisco estuary regional monitoring program for trace substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T19:57:26","indexId":"70174859","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-01T09:15:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"1993 Annual Report: San Francisco estuary regional monitoring program for trace substances","docAbstract":"<p>This first annual report of the San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program contains the results of monitoring measurements made in 1993. Measurements of conventional water quality parameters and trace contaminant concentrations were made at 16 stations throughout the Estuary three times during the year: the wet period (March), during declining Delta outflow (May), and during the dry period (September). Water toxicity tests were conducted at 8 of those stations. Measurements of sediment quality and contaminant concentrations were made at the same 16 stations during the wet and dry sampling periods. Sediment toxicity was measured at 8 of those stations. Transplanted, bagged bivalve bioaccumulation and condition was measured at 11 stations during the wet and dry sampling periods.</p>\n<p>Water Monitoring. Total or near-total (dissolved + particulate, see text) arsenic, cadmium, selenium, and dissolved (0.45 &micro;m filtered) arsenic, cadmium, copper, nickel, silver, and zinc in water were highest in the South Bay. In general, dissolved metals in water were usually lowest in the Central Bay due to ocean influences. Near-total nickel and total mercury in water were highest in the northern estuary (San Pablo and Suisun Bays). Dissolved chromium and lead were highest at the Sacramento and San Joaquin River confluence stations. Six of the ten dissolved trace metals were highest in March during high runoff. Dissolved and total arsenic, selenium, and near-total cadmium were highest in September.</p>\n<p>Concentrations of trace organic contaminants are reported for the March sampling period. Total PAHs and PCBs were highest in the South Bay, but PCBs were also high in the Napa River. Dissolved PAHs were highest in the Central Bay, and dissolved PCBs were highest in the Napa River. Total and dissolved pesticides were highest in the Sacramento River and in the Extreme South Bay.</p>\n<p>Concentrations of trace elements in water (except selenium) were usually closely related with other environmental parameters. Total or near-total metals concentrations in water were most often associated with the amount of particulate material (TSS) in the water. Dissolved concentrations were usually associated with salinity or dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. Dissolved PAHs were well correlated with TSS, but dissolved and total trace organic contaminants were poorly correlated with other water parameters.</p>\n<p>Based on deviations from conservative mixing of fresh and salt water, three different patterns of possible sources of metals were identified in 1993. For dissolved chromium and lead, rivers and local runoff appeared to be important sources. For dissolved arsenic, cadmium, copper, and nickel year-round inputs from the South Bay appeared to be important sources. Dissolved mercury, selenium, and zinc were associated with local runoff in the South Bay during the wet period. Dissolved silver did not fit any of these patterns.</p>\n<p>Although most contaminant concentrations were below water quality objectives, several trace contaminants were above the objectives at some stations. Comparisons to water quality objectives are used as a guide for evaluation of contaminant concentrations, but there are some differences in the way the RMP data are measured and that prescribed for regulatory purposes (see text). Concentrations of 5 metals in water were above EPA or Regional Basin Plan water quality objectives at six stations (see Table 30). Most of these elevated levels occurred at the northern estuary stations. Total PCB concentrations were above EPA human health objectives at all RMP stations. The pesticides chlordane, dieldrin, and DDTs were above the EPA objectives at several RMP stations, particularly at the northern-most, and river confluence stations.</p>\n<p>Although some of the contaminant concentrations were above water quality objectives, water toxicity tests (96 hour algal growth and 48 hour bivalve larval development tests) did not indicate toxicity (sometimes inconclusive) associated with the water samples collected at any of the RMP stations in 1993. Exposure to Bay San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program Regional Monitoring Program 1993 Report ii water actually enhanced algal growth at most stations.</p>\n<p>In addition to the Estuary-wide sampling, the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers were sampled upstream from their confluence. Stations in each river were sampled six times over a 6 week period of high flows. In the Sacramento River, seven of the ten dissolved metals measured had concentrations lower than those measured at the river confluence stations. Some metals concentrations in the San Joaquin River were higher, and some were lower than concentrations from the river confluence station. Metals concentrations in the Sacramento River were poorly related to river flow because the station at Rio Vista is under considerable tidal influence. In the San Joaquin River, flows were inversely related to 7 of 10 total metals concentrations.</p>\n<p>Sediment Monitoring. Concentrations of silver, mercury, and lead in sediment were highest in the South Bay. However, concentrations of most trace metals in sediments were highest in the northern estuary at stations with the finest (silt, clay) sediments. The northern estuary stations with the coarsest (sand, shell) sediments generally had the lowest metals concentrations. There were differences in concentrations of cadmium, lead, and selenium in sediments between the sampling periods, but no consistent trend as to which sampling period had higher values. In September, PAHs and PCBs in sediments were highest in the Central Bay, but pesticides in sediments were highest in the northern estuary and Extreme South Bay.</p>\n<p>NOAA&rsquo;s Median Effects Ranges (ERM) for sediments were used as a guide for evaluation of sediment contaminant concentrations. Nickel was the only trace contaminant in sediment above the ERM guidelines, and it was high at all RMP stations. These high levels are probably due to natural, geologic sources.</p>\n<p>Although sediment contaminant concentrations were below ERMs, sediment toxicity tests (10 day amphipod mortality, and 48 hour bivalve larval development in elutriates) indicated toxicity at all stations tested. Sediment factors that could have caused the toxicity were not investigated.</p>\n<p>Bivalve Bioaccumulation. Mussels, oysters, and freshwater clams were transplanted to the RMP stations to evaluate bioaccumulation of trace substances. Trace metals were bioaccumulated at nearly all RMP stations. However, arsenic, lead, and mercury did not appear to bioaccumulate. There was generally more bioaccumulation during the dry season than during the wet season. In September, PAHs, PCBs, and pesticides accumulated in all samples. Bioaccumulation of PAHs and pesticides was generally highest at the river confluence stations, and the Napa River. PCBs accumulated most at Redwood Creek.</p>\n<p>There were substantial differences in the degree of bioaccumulation among the species. Oysters appeared to accumulate higher concentrations of trace metals than the other species, especially copper, which may be a natural phenomenon.</p>\n<p>There are no established tissue contaminant standards for trace metal and organic contaminants. Therefore, comparisons to Median International Standards (MIS) for human consumption, or U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) action levels for trace organics are used to evaluate the bioaccumulation results. Concentrations of selenium were higher than MIS guidelines at all stations during the wet season. Other trace metal concentrations were higher than MIS guidelines at various stations during one or the other sampling period. However, none of the bivalves contained concentrations above the USFDA or National Academy of Sciences (NAS) guidelines for trace organic contaminants.</p>\n<p>The transplanted bivalves survived well at all stations except in the Napa River where less than 35% survived during both sampling seasons. Measures of bivalve condition (dry weight, shell volume) indicated that bivalves deployed in the Central Bay grew significantly, but those at most other stations actually lost weight. Whether these differences were due to natural causes such as salinity or food supply, or to contamination, was not determined.</p>\n<p>Pilot Studies. Two pilot monitoring studies were conducted in 1993. A pilot study of Estuary hydrography and phytoplankton was conducted by scientists from the U.S. Summary Geological Survey in Menlo Park and U.C. Davis. Water column profiles at up to 37 stations were monitored along a transect of the Estuary run monthly between the South Bay and the Delta.</p>\n<p>The primary objective of this study was to define physical (salinity, temperature, suspended particulate matter, and light penetration), chemical (dissolved oxygen) and biological (chlorophyll a) characteristics of Estuary water that may influence other chemical and biological reactions. A second objective was to investigate planktonic indicators of ecosystem structure and function.</p>\n<p>The data collected in 1993 showed the extent and duration of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the South Bay, other localized blooms in the northern estuary, the stratification and mixing associated with the entrapment zone in the northern estuary, and mixing in the Estuary resulting from the high rainfall in 1993. Knowledge of the duration and extent of these natural features of the Estuary provide context for interpretation of the RMP contaminant data collected only 3 times per year.</p>\n<p>Another pilot study of suspended sediment transport processes was conducted by the USGS in Sacramento. This study used continuous recording sensors at Point San Pablo and the Bay Bridge to measure the amount of suspended sediment in the water at mid-depth and near the bottom, as well as tide height.</p>\n<p>The objectives of this study were to estimate which factors determine suspended solids concentrations in the Central Bay and to collect time series of suspended solids that are appropriate for continuous monitoring of suspended solids and for calibration and validation of numerical models.</p>\n<p>The investigators determined that spring tides accounted for most of the variation in suspended solids concentrations at the stations monitored, not runoff from the Sacramento or San Joaquin Rivers, or semidiurnal and diurnal tides.</p>\n<p>Comparisons were also made between measurements made by the continuous recordings and the RMP samples collected during the regular monitoring cruises. The different ways of measuring TSS were generally comparable, however only 3 measurements per year as made by the RMP could not provide the information of TSS variation actually occurring in the Estuary.</p>\n<p>This information is important because as shown by the RMP data, total contaminant concentrations in Estuary water is largely dependent on the TSS in the water. This implies that the RMP measurements alone cannot determine accurately the range of contaminant concentrations without better characterizing the dynamics of TSS.</p>\n<p>The RMP Pilot Studies are important to the developing RMP because they will help put RMP measurements into the perspective of Estuary processes and mechanisms at other time scales. The studies can relate those processes to the RMP measurements and will facilitate revision of sampling design and interpretation.</p>\n<p>Summaries of other monitoring activities pertinent to regional monitoring are also included in the Report: a description of the Regional Board&rsquo;s Bay Protection Studies, the Sacramento Coordinated Monitoring Program, and a wetlands monitoring plan are included.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","collaboration":"A Cooperative Program Managed and Administered by the San Francisco Estuary Institute","usgsCitation":"Thompson, B., Lacy, J., Hardin, D., Grovhaug, T., Taberski, K., Jassby, A.D., Cloern, J.E., Caffrey, J., Cole, B., and Schoellhamer, D., 1993, 1993 Annual Report: San Francisco estuary regional monitoring program for trace substances, 226 p.","productDescription":"226 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"226","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1993-03-01","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":325419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.sfei.org/sites/default/files/biblio_files/1993_RMP_Annual_Report.pdf","text":"1993 Annual Report: San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances","size":"2.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"1993 Annual Report: San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Francisco","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.04962158203124,\n              38.22739287920163\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.39617919921874,\n              38.302869955150044\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.322021484375,\n              37.76854362092148\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92901611328125,\n              37.155938651244625\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.48931884765626,\n              37.16469418870222\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.04962158203124,\n              38.22739287920163\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdace4b0f1bea0e0f80c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, B.","contributorId":13810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacy, Jessica","contributorId":71277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardin, Dane","contributorId":92898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardin","given":"Dane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grovhaug, Tom","contributorId":172974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grovhaug","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taberski, K.","contributorId":80075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taberski","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jassby, Alan D.","contributorId":66403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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,{"id":17078,"text":"ofr93309 - 1993 - Earthquake locations determined by the Southern Alaska seismograph network for October 1971 through May 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T16:09:19","indexId":"ofr93309","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-309","title":"Earthquake locations determined by the Southern Alaska seismograph network for October 1971 through May 1989","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the instrumentation and evolution of the U.S. Geological Survey’s regional seismograph network in southern Alaska, provides phase and hypocenter data for seismic events from October 1971 through May 1989, reviews the location methods used, and discusses the completeness of the catalog and the accuracy of the computed hypocenters. Included are arrival time data for explosions detonated under the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT) in 1984 and 1985.</p><p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operated a regional network of seismographs in southern Alaska from 1971 to the mid 1990s. The principal purpose of this network was to record seismic data to be used to precisely locate earthquakes in the seismic zones of southern Alaska, delineate seismically active faults, assess seismic risks, document potential premonitory earthquake phenomena, investigate current tectonic deformation, and study the structure and physical properties of the crust and upper mantle. A task fundamental to all of these goals was the routine cataloging of parameters for earthquakes located within and adjacent to the seismograph network.</p><p>The initial network of 10 stations, 7 around Cook Inlet and 3 near Valdez, was installed in 1971. In subsequent summers additions or modifications to the network were made. By the fall of 1973, 26 stations extended from western Cook Inlet to eastern Prince William Sound, and 4 stations were located to the east between Cordova and Yakutat. A year later 20 additional stations were installed. Thirteen of these were placed along the eastern Gulf of Alaska with support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under the Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program to investigate the seismicity of the outer continental shelf, a region of interest for oil exploration. Since then the region covered by the network remained relatively fixed while efforts were made to make the stations more reliable through improved electronic instrumentation and strengthened antenna systems. The majority of the stations installed since 1980 were operated only temporarily (from one to several years) for special studies in various areas within the network. Due to reduced funding, the network was trimmed substantially in the summer of 1985 with the closure of 15 stations, 13 of which were located in and around the Yakataga seismic gap. To further reduce costs, two telephone circuits were dropped and multiple radio relays were installed in their place. This economy reduced the reliability of these telemetry links. In addition, data collection from the areas around Cordova and Yakutat was compromised by the necessity of relying on triggered event recording using PC-based systems (Rogers, 1993) that were not fully developed and which proved to be less reliable than anticipated.</p><p>The principal means of recording throughout the time period of this catalog was 20-channel oscillographs on 16-mm film (Teledyne Geotech Develocorder, Model RF400 and 4000D). Initially one Develocorder was operated at the USGS Alaskan headquarters in Anchorage, but in 1972 recording was shifted to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Palmer Observatory (currently the West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center). The Develocorders were turned off at the end of May 1989, and after that time recording was done in digital format at the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska in Fairbanks (GIUA). Thus, this catalog covers the entire period of film recording.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr93309","usgsCitation":"Fogleman, K.A., Lahr, J.C., Stephens, C.D., and Page, R.A., 1993, Earthquake locations determined by the Southern Alaska seismograph network for October 1971 through May 1989 (Version 1.1, Revised 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-309, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93309.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1971-10-01","temporalEnd":"1989-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_93_309.gif"},{"id":257476,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0309/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Augustine Volcano, Chugach-st. Elias Fault, Copper River Delta, Icy Bay, Iliamna Volcano, Iditarod-nixon Fault, Knight Island, Kayak Island Zone, Pamplona Zone, Prince William Sound, Queen Charlotte Fault, Redoubt Volcano, Waxell Ridge, Yakutat Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.75,57 ], [ -156.75,65 ], [ -133.5,65 ], [ -133.5,57 ], [ -156.75,57 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1, Revised 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62980e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fogleman, Kent A.","contributorId":71427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogleman","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lahr, John C.","contributorId":20328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephens, Christopher D. 0000-0003-0858-3709 cdstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-3709","contributorId":2788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Christopher","email":"cdstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":174847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Page, Robert A.","contributorId":17207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":4428,"text":"cir1105 - 1993 - Understanding our fragile environment; Lessons from geochemical studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-13T09:35:16","indexId":"cir1105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1105","title":"Understanding our fragile environment; Lessons from geochemical studies","docAbstract":"<p>An understanding of our fragile environment can begin with a recognition of the importance of certain elements, commonly called \"minerals substances\" (such as iron and zinc), in the lives of humans and animals and in the soils that support plants. This recognition is well deserved because these elements are essential for the life or optimum health of an organism. Some elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus are required in relatively large amounts by organisms. However, others are required in smaller quantities; these are referred to as trace elements. Diseases have been related to the deficiency of about 20 elements in animals and humans and to the deficiency of approximately 13 elements in plants. At the same time, if these and other elements occur in quantities great enough, toxicity can result. An element, or any substance, that occurs in the environment and contains concentrations above what are considered to be background levels may be considered a contaminant. When contaminants occur at levels that are potentially harmful to organisms, they are labeled as hazards. Often the quantitative difference between essential amounts and toxic concentrations of these elements is very small. For example, the trace element selenium is required at a level of no less than 0.4 ppm in the diet of cattle but can be toxic at levels greater than approximately 4ppm. Elements that are required for survival by animals and plants are termed essential, while those not required are nonessential. Trace essential elements such as fluorine, copper, selenium, molybdenum, and others listed in the table on page 1 can be hazardous to life forms if present at high levels. Nonessential heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, and chromium are usually toxic to organisms at much lower levels than trace essential elements. Depending on the association that these nonessential elements may form with natural geologic materials such as organic matter, other elements or minerals, and adsorbers (such as clays), these elements can range from being safe to being extremely toxic. The elemental composition of plants, animals, and humans correlates with the geologic makeup of the Earth, and life has evolved reflecting these natural occurrences. The science of environmental geochemistry examines the interrelationship of life with the physical and chemical Earth. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1105","usgsCitation":"Gough, L.P., Asher-Bolinder, S., Balistrieri, L.S., Breit, G.N., Casadevall, T.J., Crock, J.G., Cunningham, K.I., Duval, J.S., Erdman, J.A., Erickson, B.M., Ficklin, W.H., Jackson, L.L., Kotra, R.K., Leventhal, J.S., McNeal, J.M., Miller, W.R., Otton, J.K., Owen, D.E., Plumlee, G.S., Reimer, G.M., Severson, R.C., Smith, K.S., Tidball, R.R., and Zielinski, R.A., 1993, Understanding our fragile environment; Lessons from geochemical studies: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1105, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1105.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science 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Sigrid","contributorId":57063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asher-Bolinder","given":"Sigrid","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casadevall, Thomas J. 0000-0002-9447-6864 tcasadevall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-6864","contributorId":2734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"Thomas","email":"tcasadevall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crock, James G. jcrock@usgs.gov","contributorId":200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"James","email":"jcrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":762553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cunningham, Kimberley I.","contributorId":67950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kimberley","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Duval, Joseph S.","contributorId":22314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Erdman, James 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jmcneal@usgs.gov","contributorId":2810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeal","given":"James","email":"jmcneal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":762561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Miller, William R.","contributorId":53838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Owen, Douglass E.","contributorId":76282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Douglass","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Reimer, G. Michael","contributorId":95875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Severson, Ronald C.","contributorId":104885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Tidball, Ronald R.","contributorId":12032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tidball","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24}]}}
,{"id":64570,"text":"i2050F - 1993 - Maps showing mineral resource assessment for porphyry and stockwork deposits of copper, molybdenum, and tungsten and for stockwork and disseminated deposits of gold and silver in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-25T19:56:53.230855","indexId":"i2050F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2050","chapter":"F","title":"Maps showing mineral resource assessment for porphyry and stockwork deposits of copper, molybdenum, and tungsten and for stockwork and disseminated deposits of gold and silver in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>This report documents the assessment for potential occurrences of undiscovered porphyry and stockwork deposits of copper, molybdenum, and tungsten (porphyry Cu-Mo-W) and stockwork and disseminated deposits of gold and silver (disseminated Au-Ag) in the Butte 1 °X2° quadrangle. The Butte quadrangle, in west-central Montana, is one of the best known mineral producing regions in the U.S. Mining districts in the quadrangle, including the world famous Butte or Summit Valley district, have produced a variety of metallic and nonmetallic mineral commodities valued at more than $6.4 billion (at the time of production). Because of its importance as a mineral producing region, the Butte quadrangle was selected for study by the U.S. Geological Survey under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). Under this program, new data on geology, geochemistry, geophysics, geochronology, mineral resources, and remote sensing were collected and synthesized. The field and laboratory studies were supported, in part, by funding from the Geologic Framework and Synthesis Program and the Wilderness Program. The methods used in this resource assessment for porphyry Cu-Mo-W and disseminated Au-Ag deposits in the quadrangle include a compilation of all data, the development of descriptive occurrence models, and the analysis of data using techniques provided by a Geographic Information System (GIS). </p><p>This map is one of several maps on the Butte 1 °X2° quadrangle. Other deposit types have been assessed for the Butte quadrangle, and maps (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Miscellaneous Investigation Series Maps) for each of the following have been prepared: Vein and replacement deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, and tungsten (Elliott, Wallace, and others, 1992a) and skarn deposits of gold, silver, copper, tungsten, and iron (Elliott and others, 1992b ). Other publications resulting from this study include linear features map (Rowan and others, 1991 ); limonite and hydrothermal alteration map (Rowan and Segal, 1989); mineral occurrence maps (Elliott and others, 1986; Elliott, Loen, and others, 1992); and geologic maps (Wallace, 1987; Wallace and others, 1987). </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2050F","isbn":"0607792132","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.E., Moll, S.H., Wallace, C.A., Lee, G.K., Antweiler, J., Lidke, D., Rowan, L.C., Hanna, W.F., Trautwein, C., and Dwyer, J.L., 1993, Maps showing mineral resource assessment for porphyry and stockwork deposits of copper, molybdenum, and tungsten and for stockwork and disseminated deposits of gold and silver in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2050, Report: v, 30 p.; 3 Plates: 48.50 x 50.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2050F.","productDescription":"Report: v, 30 p.; 3 Plates: 48.50 x 50.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":107271,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10105.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91396,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91395,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050f/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91394,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050f/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91393,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,46 ], [ -114,47 ], [ -112,47 ], [ -112,46 ], [ -114,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605c7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, J. E.","contributorId":19914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moll, S. H.","contributorId":19236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moll","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, C. A.","contributorId":15596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, G. K.","contributorId":76722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Antweiler, J.C.","contributorId":35722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lidke, D. J.","contributorId":10857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hanna, W. F.","contributorId":6835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Trautwein, C. M.","contributorId":86748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":6136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":61308,"text":"mf2081C - 1993 - Maps showing the distribution of barium, beryllium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver, and tin in stream-sediment samples, Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T18:52:43.34414","indexId":"mf2081C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2081","chapter":"C","title":"Maps showing the distribution of barium, beryllium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver, and tin in stream-sediment samples, Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2081C","usgsCitation":"Zimbelman, D.R., 1993, Maps showing the distribution of barium, beryllium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver, and tin in stream-sediment samples, Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2081, 3 Plates: 41.53 × 57.97 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2081C.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 41.53 × 57.97 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":282179,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081c/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":282180,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081c/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":282178,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081c/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":390905,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5684.htm"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Delta 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,39 ], [ -114,40 ], [ -112,40 ], [ -112,39 ], [ -114,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimbelman, D. R.","contributorId":43768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":61307,"text":"mf2081E - 1993 - Maps showing the distribution of antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver, tin, tungsten, and zinc in heavy-mineral-concentrate samples, Delta 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T19:16:12.073133","indexId":"mf2081E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2081","chapter":"E","title":"Maps showing the distribution of antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver, tin, tungsten, and zinc in heavy-mineral-concentrate samples, Delta 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2081E","usgsCitation":"Zimbelman, D.R., 1993, Maps showing the distribution of antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver, tin, tungsten, and zinc in heavy-mineral-concentrate samples, Delta 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2081, 5 Plates: 41.32 x 57.02 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2081E.","productDescription":"5 Plates: 41.32 x 57.02 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487212,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5686.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":364414,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-E/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":364413,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-E/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180280,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-E/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":364410,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-E/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":364411,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-E/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":364412,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-E/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Delta quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,39 ], [ -114,40 ], [ -112,40 ], [ -112,39 ], [ -114,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6061f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimbelman, D. R.","contributorId":43768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29361,"text":"wri934041 - 1993 - Evaluation of organic compounds and trace elements in Amazon Creek Basin, Oregon, September 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:31:36","indexId":"wri934041","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4041","title":"Evaluation of organic compounds and trace elements in Amazon Creek Basin, Oregon, September 1990","docAbstract":"Water and bottom sediment were collected from Amazon Creek, Oregon during a summer low-flow condition and analyzed for different classes of organic compounds, including many from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's priority pollutant list. Bottom sediment also was analyzed for trace elements typically associated with urban runoff. Trace-element concentrations in the less than 63 micrometer fraction of Amazon Creek bottom-sediment samples were compared with baseline concentrations (expected 95 percent confidence range) for soils from the Western United States and with concen- trations found in bottom sediment from the Willamette River Basin. Total-digestion concentrations of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, silver, titanium, and zinc were enriched at some or all sites sampled. Whole-water samples from some sites contained concentrations of several chlorophenoxy-acid herbicides, the organophosphorus insecticide diazinon, and several semivolatile priority pollutants. Classes of compounds not detected in whole-water samples included carbamate insecticides, triazine and other nitrogen-containing herbicides, and purgeable organic compounds. Bottom-sediment samples contained many organochlorine compounds, including chlordane, DDT plus metabolites, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor epoxide (a metabolite of heptachlor), and PCBs at some or all sites sampled. Twenty-four of 54 semivolatile compounds were detected in bottom- sediment samples at some or all sites sampled.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934041","usgsCitation":"Rinella, F.A., 1993, Evaluation of organic compounds and trace elements in Amazon Creek Basin, Oregon, September 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4041, vi, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934041.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58210,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4041/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinella, F. A.","contributorId":89120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28896,"text":"wri934052 - 1993 - Hydrology and water chemistry of shallow aquifers along the upper Clark Fork, western Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri934052","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4052","title":"Hydrology and water chemistry of shallow aquifers along the upper Clark Fork, western Montana","docAbstract":"Shallow ground-water resources in western Montana have been developed primarily in Quaternary alluvium and Tertiary deposits, although bedrock supplies water to wells locally. Well-yield and trans- missivity values were largest (medians of 40 gallons per minute and 970 feet squared per day, respec- tively) in alluvium and smallest (medians of 15 gallons per minute and 130 feet squared per day, respectively) in bedrock. Chemical composition of ground water was dominated by calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate derived from dissolution of carbonate minerals. Other water types may be the result of ion exchange (increased sodium) and mixing of geothermal water or leachate from mine wastes (increased sulfate). Although concen- trations of arsenic were relatively small (maximum of 20 micrograms per liter), they were somewhat larger in alluvium within 300 feet of the Clark Fork. Elevated concentrations of cadmium (maximum of 6 micrograms per liter) were measured in water from one well downgradient from tailings ponds. Although mining and smelting activities have resulted in widespread distribution of contami- nants in the Clark Fork valley, this study indicates that ground water contains elevated concentrations of trace elements only locally. Streamflow data indicate significant ground-water inflow to the Clark Fork in two reaches. Between Racetrack and Garrison, irrigation-return flow probably augments naturally occurring ground-water discharge. Between Jens and Cramer Creek, geo- thermal water from bedrock flows through alluvium to the river. In the Clark Fork, the maximum arsenic concentration was 8.1 micrograms per liter; copper and manganese concentrations were largest at Warm Springs (maximums of 14 and 350 micrograms per liter, respectively) and decreased downstream.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934052","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D., 1993, Hydrology and water chemistry of shallow aquifers along the upper Clark Fork, western Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4052, v, 63 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934052.","productDescription":"v, 63 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57771,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4052/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57772,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e83c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, D. A.","contributorId":70399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":60014,"text":"mf2213 - 1993 - Geochemical reconnaissance of the Carroll County Gold Belt and southwestern part of the Dahlonega Gold Belt, western Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T09:38:24","indexId":"mf2213","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2213","title":"Geochemical reconnaissance of the Carroll County Gold Belt and southwestern part of the Dahlonega Gold Belt, western Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>The gold deposits in the Carroll County gold belt and the southwestern part of the Dahlonega gold belt are in interlayered metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of Late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic age. These rocks are in several thrust sheets that form the southwest continuation of the Blue Ridge thrust stack. The rocks are now mostly mica gneiss and schist, graphitic schist and phyllite, quartzite, amphibolite, and granite gneiss. A sample suite of 788 rock and saprolite samples was collected; the suite represents most of the rock types exposed in the southwest extension of the Dahlonega gold belt in Cherokee, Cobb, Bartow, Paulding, and Haralson Counties, Ga., and in the Carroll County gold belt in Carroll and Douglas Counties, Ga. The samples were analyzed semiquantitatively for 30 elements and quantitatively for gold, copper, lead, and zinc; some samples were also analyzed quantitatively for arsenic, mercury, and molybdenum. Whole-rock analyses were made on 27 samples of relatively fresh mafic rock.</p>\n<p>More than two-thirds of the samples are saprolite derived from mica schist and gneiss, graphitic schist, amphibolite, and quartzite, or vein quartz in saprolite. The samples were collected from roadcuts, surface and underground mine workings, and mine dumps. Of the samples collected, 78 percent of those from old mine areas and 13 percent of those from roadcuts contain gold at or above a limit of determination of 0.02 parts per million (ppm). Of those samples that contain detectable gold, 36 percent of the mine samples and 92 percent of the roadcut samples have less than 0.2 ppm gold. Gold is present in detectable amounts in some samples from all the major rock types that were sampled. Gold does not correlate consistently with the other elements in the data set. The few positive correlation coefficients greater than 0.50 are restricted to the smaller subsets of a few samples.</p>\n<p>Most of the old mine areas contain small resources of gold in saprolite and probably larger amounts of lower grade material in unweathered rock. The mineralized zones are generally about 5 to 100ft wide, but may be as much as 250ft wide. Many deposits are only 100 to 800ft long, but a few mineralized zones are longer; one is as much as 0. 75 mi long.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2213","usgsCitation":"Lesure, F.G., 1993, Geochemical reconnaissance of the Carroll County Gold Belt and southwestern part of the Dahlonega Gold Belt, western Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2213, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2213.","productDescription":"21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2213.jpg"},{"id":310218,"rank":701,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2213/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":105304,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5844.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5844"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.5,33.333333333333336 ], [ -85.5,34.416666666666664 ], [ -84.25,34.416666666666664 ], [ -84.25,33.333333333333336 ], [ -85.5,33.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lesure, Frank G.","contributorId":20068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesure","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4265,"text":"cir1088 - 1993 - The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic, geochemical, remote sensing, and mineral resources maps of the Butte 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:12:24","indexId":"cir1088","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1088","title":"The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic, geochemical, remote sensing, and mineral resources maps of the Butte 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, Montana","docAbstract":"The Butte 1?x2 ? quadrangle in west-central Montana was investigated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). These investigations included geologic mapping, geochemical surveys, gravity and aeromagnetic surveys, examinations of mineral deposits, and specialized geochronologic and remote-sensing studies. The data collected during these studies were compiled, combined with available published and unpublished data, analyzed, and used in a mineral-resource assessment of the quadrangle. The results, including data, interpretations, and mineral-resource assessments for nine types of mineral deposits, are published separately as a folio of maps. These maps are accompanied by figures, tables, and explanatory text. This circular provides background information on the Butte quadrangle, summarizes the studies and published maps, and lists a selected bibliography of references pertinent to the geology, geochemistry, geophysics, and mineral resources of the quadrangle. \r\n\r\nThe Butte quadrangle, which includes the world-famous Butte mining district, has a long history of mineral production. Many mining districts within the quadrangle have produced large quantities of many commodities; the most important in dollar value of production were copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and phosphate. At present, mines at several locations produce copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, and phosphate. Exploration, mainly for gold, has indicated the presence of other mineral deposits that may be exploited in the future. The results of the investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey indicate that many areas of the quadrangle are highly favorable for the occurrence of additional undiscovered resources of gold, silver, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, and other metals in several deposit types.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1088","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J., Trautwein, C., Wallace, C.A., Lee, G.K., Rowan, L.C., and Hanna, W.F., 1993, The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic, geochemical, remote sensing, and mineral resources maps of the Butte 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1088, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1088.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31377,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1993/1088/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1993/1088/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ecb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, James E.","contributorId":15595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trautwein, C. M.","contributorId":86748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, C. A.","contributorId":15596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, G. K.","contributorId":76722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hanna, W. F.","contributorId":6835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":28362,"text":"wri914136 - 1993 - Hydrology and water quality of the Forest County Potawatomi Indian Reservation, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T13:58:58","indexId":"wri914136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4136","title":"Hydrology and water quality of the Forest County Potawatomi Indian Reservation, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents data from a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin, to document the hydrology and water quality of the Potawatomi Indian Reservation in southern Forest County. Data were collected from October 1981 through September 1987. &nbsp;</p>\n<p>Glacial sand and gravel forms the primary aquifer on the reservation. This aquifer is unconfined, and its saturated thickness ranges from approximately 200 feet to zero feet in areas where the bedrock crops out. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the glacial deposits is estimated to range from 0.4 to 48 feet per day.</p>\n<p>Three watersheds encompass the Reservation: The Wolf, the North Branch Oconto, and the Peshtigo. Estimates of base-flow discharge that will occur on the average once every 2 years for a 7- day period for Reservation streams range from 7.5 ft3/s (cubic feet per second) for North Branch Oconto at Wabeno to 32 ft3/s for the Rat River near Wabeno.</p>\n<p>Ground water in the study area is a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type and is suitable for most uses. The ground water sampled during the study was slightly alkaline and moderately hard to very hard; median hardness was 135 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as calcium carbonate. Alkalinity of ground water ranged from 79 to 318 mg/L; median alkalinity was 123 mg/L as calcium carbonate.</p>\n<p>With the exception of nitrate in water from one well sampled, constituent concentrations were less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL's) for drinking water. Nitrate plus nitrite concentration was 15 mg/L as N, or 50 percent greater than the MCL, in one well located one-half mile northeast of Lake Lucerne.</p>\n<p>Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCL's) for iron were exceeded in water from two wells. In one of these two well waters, the manganese concentration equaled the SMCL.</p>\n<p>Streams on the Reservation also contain a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type water. The stream waters are slightly alkaline and are considered soft to moderately hard; median hardness in stream samples was 56 mg/L as calcium carbonate. The alkalinity in stream samples ranged from 46 to 59 mg/L as calcium carbonate; the median value was 51 mg/L. Stream water is intermediate between hard, alkaline ground water and soft, acidic precipitation and surface runoff. Low but detectable concentrations of chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, mercury, and zinc were detected in most bottom-material samples.</p>\n<p>Water quality of three lakes on the Reservation is variable and depends on the degree of connection with the ground-water system. In general, Bug Lake and Devils Lake are in poor hydraulic connection with the ground-water system, and their waters contain low concentrations of dissolved solids and alkalinity and low pH. King Lake is in good hydraulic connection with the ground-water system, and its waters contain higher concentrations of dissolved solids and alkalinity and higher pH than Bug and Devils Lakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Lidwin, R., and Krohelski, J.T., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of the Forest County Potawatomi Indian Reservation, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4136, Report: v, 24 p.; 4 Plates: 25.06 x 21.81 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914136.","productDescription":"Report: v, 24 p.; 4 Plates: 25.06 x 21.81 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57167,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4136/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57168,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4136/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57169,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57165,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4136/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57166,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4136/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4136/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Forest County","otherGeospatial":"Potowatomi Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.6833,46.0144],[-88.6844,45.9823],[-88.6746,45.9823],[-88.6757,45.8958],[-88.6761,45.8093],[-88.6758,45.7247],[-88.5519,45.723],[-88.4665,45.7224],[-88.4254,45.7225],[-88.4255,45.6356],[-88.4262,45.5492],[-88.4263,45.5071],[-88.4258,45.4925],[-88.4261,45.4774],[-88.4257,45.4633],[-88.4259,45.4505],[-88.4261,45.4358],[-88.4263,45.4212],[-88.4272,45.4066],[-88.4283,45.3769],[-88.5542,45.3778],[-88.6418,45.3784],[-88.6587,45.3785],[-88.6781,45.3787],[-88.7196,45.3784],[-88.754,45.3782],[-88.802,45.3775],[-88.9259,45.3799],[-88.9265,45.3909],[-88.9251,45.4014],[-88.9233,45.4659],[-89.0467,45.4668],[-89.0468,45.5518],[-89.0475,45.6391],[-89.0469,45.7265],[-89.047,45.8097],[-89.0477,45.8953],[-89.0478,45.9822],[-88.9332,45.9822],[-88.9329,46.0746],[-88.8507,46.0409],[-88.8473,46.0368],[-88.8431,46.0336],[-88.8426,46.0333],[-88.8371,46.0312],[-88.8325,46.0294],[-88.828,46.0294],[-88.8248,46.0294],[-88.8207,46.0289],[-88.819,46.0284],[-88.8169,46.0278],[-88.8143,46.026],[-88.8123,46.0247],[-88.8103,46.0238],[-88.8083,46.0238],[-88.8077,46.0238],[-88.8051,46.0238],[-88.8031,46.0252],[-88.803,46.0275],[-88.8024,46.0302],[-88.8017,46.032],[-88.7991,46.0338],[-88.7974,46.0344],[-88.7968,46.0346],[-88.7948,46.0341],[-88.7928,46.0332],[-88.7914,46.0318],[-88.7895,46.0324],[-88.7873,46.0334],[-88.786,46.0336],[-88.7843,46.0329],[-88.7828,46.0311],[-88.7828,46.0292],[-88.7841,46.0274],[-88.7847,46.026],[-88.7866,46.0232],[-88.7865,46.0209],[-88.7856,46.0196],[-88.7848,46.0186],[-88.7824,46.0178],[-88.7798,46.0178],[-88.7777,46.0179],[-88.7758,46.0181],[-88.7753,46.0197],[-88.7747,46.0203],[-88.7734,46.0216],[-88.7715,46.024],[-88.7691,46.0239],[-88.7669,46.0226],[-88.7662,46.0208],[-88.7637,46.02],[-88.7632,46.02],[-88.7615,46.02],[-88.7565,46.0212],[-88.754,46.0226],[-88.7507,46.0248],[-88.7458,46.0267],[-88.7408,46.028],[-88.7363,46.028],[-88.7334,46.0277],[-88.7317,46.0273],[-88.7284,46.0256],[-88.7251,46.0239],[-88.7232,46.0219],[-88.7221,46.0209],[-88.7216,46.0202],[-88.7241,46.0183],[-88.7254,46.0165],[-88.7253,46.0146],[-88.724,46.0133],[-88.7214,46.0133],[-88.7168,46.0139],[-88.7144,46.015],[-88.7129,46.0157],[-88.7084,46.0167],[-88.7023,46.0177],[-88.6977,46.0177],[-88.6953,46.0173],[-88.6913,46.0166],[-88.6846,46.0149],[-88.6833,46.0144]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Forest\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604cb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidwin, R.A.","contributorId":33349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidwin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krohelski, J. T.","contributorId":59046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":199668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27870,"text":"wri914164 - 1993 - Hydrologic conditions in the Jacobs Creek, Stony Brook, and Beden Brook drainage basins, west-central New Jersey, 1986-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T22:38:17.913572","indexId":"wri914164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4164","title":"Hydrologic conditions in the Jacobs Creek, Stony Brook, and Beden Brook drainage basins, west-central New Jersey, 1986-88","docAbstract":"Data on the quantity and quality of groundwater and surface water in the drainage basins of Jacobs Creek, Stony Brook, and Beden Brook upstream from U.S. Route 206 in west-central New Jersey were collected from October 1, 1986, through September 30, 1988. Water levels measured in 74 wells ranged from 49 to 453 ft above sea level. The water-table surface generally mimicked topography; however, the water-level altitude in one well indicates the possibility of local interbasin groundwater flow. Calcium and bicarbonate were the most abundant cation and anion in most of the 25 groundwater samples.  With one exception, concentrations of nutrients, trace elements, organic carbon, and volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples were less than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking-water regulations. Stream low-flow measurements made twice at each of 63 sites indicate that both discharge and runoff increased downstream for most reaches of Jacobs Creek, Stony Brook, and Beden Brook. For main-stem sites, the highest base-flow runoff occurred at site 01462733 on Jacobs Creek; the greatest discharge was measured at site 01401100 on Stony Brook. The flow-duration curve for Stony Brook for 1987-88 indicates a wetter- than-normal period for the area.  Results of surface-water-quality analyses indicate that calcium and sodium plus potassium were the dominant or codominant cations, and bicarbonate and chloride were the dominant or codominant anions in most samples. Concentrations of nutrients typically exceeded those needed to support surplus algal growth. Concentrations of trace elements generally were less than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking-water regulations. Bottom-sediment samples contained several persistent organic compounds. Significant downstream variations were found in concentrations of copper and lead in Jacobs Creek and Stony Brook. Results of macroinvertebrate community sampling indicate an input of nutrients to several stream sections on Jacobs Creek, Stony Brook, and Beden Brook.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914164","usgsCitation":"Jacobsen, E., Hardy, M.A., and Kurtz, B.A., 1993, Hydrologic conditions in the Jacobs Creek, Stony Brook, and Beden Brook drainage basins, west-central New Jersey, 1986-88: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4164, Report: vi, 104 p.; 1 Plate: 31.44 x 34.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914164.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 104 p.; 1 Plate: 31.44 x 34.90 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411817,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47556.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4164/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56693,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4164/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123514,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4164/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Jacobs Creek, Stony Brook, and Belen Brook drainage basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.6417,\n              40.4583\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8667,\n              40.4583\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8667,\n              40.2758\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6417,\n              40.2758\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6417,\n              40.4583\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db611258","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobsen, Eric jacobsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"Eric","email":"jacobsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardy, M. A.","contributorId":54223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurtz, B. A.","contributorId":47825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27688,"text":"wri934085 - 1993 - Streamflow, dissolved solids, suspended sediment, and trace elements, San Joaquin River, California, June 1985-September 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T19:17:52.050808","indexId":"wri934085","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4085","title":"Streamflow, dissolved solids, suspended sediment, and trace elements, San Joaquin River, California, June 1985-September 1988","docAbstract":"The 1985-88 study period included hydrologic extremes throughout most of central California. Except for an 11-month period during and after the 1986 flood, San Joaquin River streamflows during 1985-88 were generally less than median for 1975-88. The Merced Tuolumne, and Stanislaus Rivers together comprised 56 to 69 percent of the annual San Joaquin River flow, Salt and Mud Sloughs together comprised 6 to 19 percent, the upper San Joaquin River comprised 2 to 25 percent, and unmeasured sources from agricultural discharges and ground water accounted for 13 to 20 percent. Salt and Mud Sloughs and the unmeasured sources contribute most of the dissolved-solids load. The Merced, Tuolumne, and Stanislaus Rivers greatly dilute dissolved-solids concentrations. Suspended-sediment concentration peaked sharply at more than 600 milligrams per liter during the flood of February 1986. Concentrations and loads varied seasonally during low-flow conditions, with concentrations highest during the early summer irrigation season. Trace elements present primarily in dissolved phases are arsenic, boron, lithium, molybdenum, and selenium. Boron concentrations exceeded the irrigation water-quality criterion of 750 micrograms per liter more than 75 percent of the time in Salt and Mud Sloughs and more than 50 percent of the time at three sites on the San Joaquin River. Selenium concentrations exceeded the aquatic-life criterion of 5 micrograms per liter more than 75 percent of the time in Salt Slough and more than 50 percent of the time in Mud Slough and in the San Joaquin River from Salt Slough to the Merced River confluence. Concentrations of dissolved solids, boron, and selenium usually are highest during late winter to early spring, lower in early summer, higher again in mid-to-late summer, and the lowest in autumn, and generally correspond to seasonal inflows of subsurface tile-drain water to Salt and Mud Sloughs. Trace elements present primarily in particulate phases are aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc, none of which cause significant water-quality problems in the river.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934085","usgsCitation":"Hill, B.R., and Gilliom, R.J., 1993, Streamflow, dissolved solids, suspended sediment, and trace elements, San Joaquin River, California, June 1985-September 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4085, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934085.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410638,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47803.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4085/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.25408167229847,\n              37.7742724317164\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25408167229847,\n              37.05661752587558\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.52163844023164,\n              37.05661752587558\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.52163844023164,\n              37.7742724317164\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25408167229847,\n              37.7742724317164\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4cdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, B. R.","contributorId":72833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, R. J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17761,"text":"ofr9330 - 1993 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the Yakima River basin in Washington: Analysis of major and minor elements in fine-grained streambed sediment, 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T20:30:24.958418","indexId":"ofr9330","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-30","title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the Yakima River basin in Washington: Analysis of major and minor elements in fine-grained streambed sediment, 1987","docAbstract":"Fine-grained streambed sediment from the Yakima River Basin was sampled from 448 locations and analyzed for 45 elements. Anomalous major- and minor-element concentrations were based on baseline values established from element concentrations in streambed sediment in the basin.  The largest number of anomalies occurred for antimony, arsenic, cerium, copper, and zinc; at least 10 percent of these element concentrations exceeded the threshold values of 0.7 mg/g (micrograms per gram), 8.5 mg/g, 57 mg/g, 40 mg/g, and 120 mg/g, respectively. Concentrations of arsenic as large as 31 and 61 mg/g occurred in streambed sediment formed from the pre-Tertiary metamorphic and intrusive rocks geologic unit and from the nonmarine sedimentary rocks geologic unit, respectively.  These geologic units were probable sources of arsenic to smaller headwater streams; however, arsenic concentrations from these geologic sources rapidly attenuated downstream in the Yakima River.  Geologic sources of arsenic were generally small in agricultural land-use areas; however, concentrations as large as 140 mg/g were found in samples of soils that were historically treated with the lead-arsenate pesticide.  In addition, concentrations of lead, as large as 890 mg/g, occurred in these pesticide- treated soils.  Streambed sediment formed from the pre-Tertiary metamorphic and intrusive rocks geologic unit also contained concentrations as large as 1,700 mg/g for chromium, 140 mg/g for cobalt, and 1,900 mg/g for nickel.  Like arsenic, concentrations of chromium (in addition to mercury and nickel) were attenuated in the Yakima River. The application of zinc sulphate to orchards was probably responsible for concentrations of zinc as large as 150 mg/g in soils of and 180 mg/g in streambed sediment from the agricultural land-use area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9330","usgsCitation":"Fuhrer, G.J., McKenzie, S.W., Rinella, J.F., Sanzolone, R.F., and Skach, K., 1993, Surface-water-quality assessment of the Yakima River basin in Washington: Analysis of major and minor elements in fine-grained streambed sediment, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-30, Report: viii, 131 p.; 3 Plates: 50.00 × 39.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9330.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 131 p.; 3 Plates: 50.00 × 39.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408350,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12599.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":21457,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0030/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21456,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0030/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21455,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0030/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46990,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0030/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.519,\n              45.973\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.15,\n              45.973\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.15,\n              47.616\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.519,\n              47.616\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.519,\n              45.973\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a4ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuhrer, G. J.","contributorId":13254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuhrer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenzie, S. W.","contributorId":66240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rinella, J. F.","contributorId":86777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Skach, K. A.","contributorId":38175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skach","given":"K. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":19849,"text":"ofr93126 - 1993 - Concentration of 23 trace elements in ground water and surface water at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1988-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:36","indexId":"ofr93126","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-126","title":"Concentration of 23 trace elements in ground water and surface water at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1988-91","docAbstract":"Water samples from 167 wells and 12 surface-water sites at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory were analyzed for a suite of as many as 23 trace elements in 1988-91. The samples were collected and analyzed as a continuation of a water-quality program initiated in 1987 and as part of studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. Water samples were collected from 148 wells completed in the Snake River Plain aquifer, 18 wells completed in discontinuous deep perched-water zones, and 1 well completed in an alluvial aquifer. Samples were collected from these wells using dedicated or portable pumps. Grab samples were collected at surface-water sites. Data indicated that water locally contained detectable concentra- tions of aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bromide, cadmium, chromium, hexavalent chromium, cobalt, copper, iron fluoride, lead, lithium, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, strontium, vanadium, and zinc. Molybdenum and thallium were not detected. Except for chromium, the concentrations of trace elements from all sites were less than the Maximum Contaminant Levels for drinking water established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Chromium equaled or exceeded the Maximum Contaminant Level at 12 water-quality monitoring wells. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93126","usgsCitation":"Liszewski, M.J., and Mann, L., 1993, Concentration of 23 trace elements in ground water and surface water at and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho, 1988-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-126, iii, 44  p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93126.","productDescription":"iii, 44  p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0126/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49328,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6347","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liszewski, M. J.","contributorId":107308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liszewski","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, L. J.","contributorId":39392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"L. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19465,"text":"ofr93172 - 1993 - Water quality of an urban wet detention pond in Madison, Wisconsin, 1987-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T09:17:49","indexId":"ofr93172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-172","title":"Water quality of an urban wet detention pond in Madison, Wisconsin, 1987-88","docAbstract":"<p>A 5,670-sq m wet detention pond was monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey to determine its effect on the water quality of urban runoff. The pond has a drainage area of 0.96-sq km, composed primarily of single-family residential land use. Event-mean concentrations (EMC) were determined from samples collected for sediment, nutrients, and selected metals at the pond's inflow and outflow sites. EMC samples were collected for 64 runoff events during the study period from February 1987 to April 1988. Storm precipitation ranged from 1 to 51 mm during these events. Inflow and outflow EMC and constituent loads were compared to determine the trap efficiency of the pond. Trap efficiency varied considerably among water-quality constituents. In general, the detention pond decreased the EMC of sampled constituents at the outlet compared to the inlet. The median decrease in EMC for suspended solids was 88 percent, 60 percent for total chemical oxygen demand (COD), 43 percent for total phosphorus, 38 percent for total Kjeldahl nitrogen, 65 percent for total nitrite plus nitrate, and 71 percent for total lead. A notable exception to the general decrease in EMC is for chloride. The EMC for chloride was generally higher in outflow from the pond than in the inflow. This is attributed to an unmonitored influx of chloride to the pond during the winter that subsequently was flushed out during monitored runoff events. The total study-period loads of most constituents were less leaving the pond than the loads entering it. This decrease is attributed to the constituents transported on suspended sediment being deposited in the pond. The decrease in total load of suspended solids was 88 percent, 62 percent for total COD, 58 percent for total phosphorus, 46 percent for total Kjeldahl nitrogen, 62 percent for total nitrite plus nitrate, 97 percent for total copper, and 93 percent for total lead. (USGS)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93172","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"House, L.B., Waschbusch, R., and Hughes, P., 1993, Water quality of an urban wet detention pond in Madison, Wisconsin, 1987-88: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-172, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93172.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0172/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48940,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0172/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane","city":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Wingra","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.45300102233885,\n              43.03533293549335\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.45300102233885,\n              43.07026720632101\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.40227508544922,\n              43.07026720632101\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.40227508544922,\n              43.03533293549335\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.45300102233885,\n              43.03533293549335\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f2591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, L. B.","contributorId":49386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waschbusch, R.J.","contributorId":107307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waschbusch","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, P.E.","contributorId":104083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":18758,"text":"ofr93115 - 1993 - Water-quality data for two surface coal mines reclaimed with alkaline waste or urban sewage sludge, Clarion County, Pennsylvania, May 1983 through November 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T08:09:24","indexId":"ofr93115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-115","title":"Water-quality data for two surface coal mines reclaimed with alkaline waste or urban sewage sludge, Clarion County, Pennsylvania, May 1983 through November 1989","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality and other hydrologic data for two surface coal mines in Clarion County, Pa., were collected during 1983-89 as part of studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. Water samples were collected from streams, seeps, monitor wells, and lysimeters on a monthly basis to evaluate changes in water quality resulting from the addition of alkaline waste or urban sewage sludge to the reclaimed mine-spoil surface. The mines are about 3.5 miles apart and were mined for bituminous coal of the upper and lower Clarion seams of the Allegheny Group of Pennsylvanian age. The coal had high sulfur (greater than 2 weight percent) concentrations. Acidic mine drainage is present at both mines. At one mine, about 8 years after mining was completed, large quantities (greater than 400 tons per acre) of alkaline waste consisting of limestone and lime-kiln flue dust were applied on two 2.5-acre plots within the 65-acre mine area. Water-quality data for the alkaline-addition plots and surrounding area were collected for 1 year before and 3 years after application of the alkaline additives (May 1983-July 1987). Data collected for the alkaline-addition study include ground-water level, surface-water discharge rate, temperature, specific conductance, pH, and concentrations of alkalinity, acidity, sulfate, iron (total and ferrous), manganese, aluminum, calcium, and magnesium. At the other mine, about 3.5 years after mining was completed, urban sewage sludge was applied over 60 acres within the 150-acre mine area. Waterquality data for the sludge-addition study were collected for 3.5 years after the application of the sludge (June 1986-December 1989). Data collected for the sludge-addition study include the above constituents plus dissolved oxygen, redox potential (Eh), and concentrations of dissolved solids, phosphorus, nitrogen species, sulfide, chloride, silica, sodium, potassium, cyanide, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, strontium, and zinc. Climatic data, including monthly average temperature and cumulative precipitation, from a nearby weather station for the period January 1983 through December 1989 also are reported. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93115","usgsCitation":"Dugas, D., Cravotta, C., and Saad, D.A., 1993, Water-quality data for two surface coal mines reclaimed with alkaline waste or urban sewage sludge, Clarion County, Pennsylvania, May 1983 through November 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-115, iv, 153 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93115.","productDescription":"iv, 153 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":48118,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0115/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e57de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugas, D.L.","contributorId":25820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugas","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saad, D. A.","contributorId":85212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":18236,"text":"ofr93162 - 1993 - Hydrologic data for the lower Copper River, Alaska, May to September 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:19","indexId":"ofr93162","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-162","title":"Hydrologic data for the lower Copper River, Alaska, May to September 1992","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93162","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 1993, Hydrologic data for the lower Copper River, Alaska, May to September 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-162, iv, 26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93162.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0162/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47596,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0162/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6841bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, T. P.","contributorId":103289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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