The 2008–11 data rescue and recovery efforts by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Texas Water Science Center resulted in an efficient workflow process, database, and Web user interface for scientists and citizens to access archived environmental information with practical applications. Much of this information is unique and has never been readily available to the public. The methods developed and lessons learned during this effort are now being applied to facilitate recovering archived information requested by USGS scientists, cooperators, and the general public.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113152","usgsCitation":"Wehmeyer, L.L., and Reece, B.D., 2011, U.S. Geological Survey archived data recovery in Texas, 2008-11: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3152, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113152.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3152.gif"},{"id":111035,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3152/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bba9ee4b08c986b328275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wehmeyer, Loren L.","contributorId":90412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmeyer","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reece, Brian D. bdreece@usgs.gov","contributorId":2129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reece","given":"Brian","email":"bdreece@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006169,"text":"fs20113095 - 2011 - Evaluation of fecal contamination by human and ruminant sources in upper Fountain Creek, Colorado, 2007-2008, by using multiple lines of evidence:","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"fs20113095","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3095","title":"Evaluation of fecal contamination by human and ruminant sources in upper Fountain Creek, Colorado, 2007-2008, by using multiple lines of evidence:","docAbstract":"Fountain Creek is a high-gradient stream on the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. The headwaters of Fountain Creek drain Pikes Peak, a major destination for tourism. Fountain Creek is a drinking-water source for the City of Colorado Springs, Colorado, and is used for irrigation, recreation, and other purposes between Colorado Springs and the confluence with the Arkansas River at Pueblo, Colorado. In 2008, Fountain Creek was placed on the Colorado 303(d) list of impaired streams because of fecal contamination. Colorado uses a 30-day geometric mean standard of 126 Escherichia coli per 100 milliliters as its management goal for recreational waters. The objective of this study was to identify major sources of Escherichia coli in upper Fountain Creek during exceedances of the State recreational water standard. To meet this objective, a new approach was developed and tested that uses genetic marker analysis for microbial source tracking, along with other information, to evaluate potential contributions of fecal contamination from various sources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113095","usgsCitation":"Stoeckel, D., 2011, Evaluation of fecal contamination by human and ruminant sources in upper Fountain Creek, Colorado, 2007-2008, by using multiple lines of evidence:: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3095, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113095.","productDescription":"4 p.","temporalStart":"2007-05-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3095.gif"},{"id":111005,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3095/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"El Paso County;Teller County","otherGeospatial":"Fountain Creek;Ruxton Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,37 ], [ -109,41 ], [ -102,41 ], [ -102,37 ], [ -109,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c72e4b0c8380cd52b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoeckel, Donald","contributorId":8604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeckel","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006171,"text":"fs20113141 - 2011 - U.S. Geological Survey Community for Data Integration-NWIS Web Services Snapshot Tool for ArcGIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:17:46","indexId":"fs20113141","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3141","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Community for Data Integration-NWIS Web Services Snapshot Tool for ArcGIS","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data resources are so vast that many scientists are unaware of data holdings that may be directly relevant to their research. Data are also difficult to access and large corporate databases, such as the National Water Information System (NWIS) that houses hydrologic data for the Nation, are challenging to use without considerable expertise and investment of time. The USGS Community for Data Integration (CDI) was established in 2009 to address data and information management issues affecting the proficiency of earth science research. A CDI workshop convened in 2009 identified common data integration needs of USGS scientists and targeted high value opportunities that might address these needs by leveraging existing projects in USGS science centers, in-kind contributions, and supplemental funding. To implement this strategy, CDI sponsored a software development project in 2010 to facilitate access and use of NWIS data with ArcGIS, a widely used Geographic Information System. The resulting software product, the NWIS Web Services Snapshot Tool for ArcGIS, is presented here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113141","usgsCitation":"Holl, S., 2011, U.S. Geological Survey Community for Data Integration-NWIS Web Services Snapshot Tool for ArcGIS: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3141, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113141.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3141.gif"},{"id":111006,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bba60e4b08c986b328138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holl, Sally","contributorId":107416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holl","given":"Sally","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006113,"text":"fs20113115 - 2011 - A new tool to assess groundwater resources in the Mississippi embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-03T00:10:05","indexId":"fs20113115","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3115","title":"A new tool to assess groundwater resources in the Mississippi embayment","docAbstract":"What is the Mississippi Embayment? The Mississippi embayment study area encompasses approximately 78,000 square miles in eight States and includes large parts of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee, and smaller areas of Alabama, Illinois, Kentucky, and Missouri (fig. 1). The Mississippi embayment is essentially a basin that slopes toward the Gulf of Mexico and is filled with sediments of alternating sand, silt, and clay layers. There are two principal aquifers in the embayment-the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (alluvial aquifer) and the middle Claiborne aquifer (fig. 1). The shallow alluvial aquifer is the primary source of groundwater for irrigation in the largely agricultural region, while the deeper middle Claiborne aquifer is a primary source of drinking water for many of the 5.2 million people living in the embayment. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting large-scale multidisciplinary regional studies of groundwater availability for the Nation. Studies comprise individual assessments of regional groundwater-flow systems that encompass varied terrains and document a comprehensive regional and national perspective of groundwater resources. Collectively, these studies are the foundation for the national assessment of groundwater availability and are conducted in cooperation with other Federal, State, local governments, and the private sector. Numerical groundwater-flow models are used in these studies to document effects of human activities and climate variability on groundwater levels, changes in aquifer storage, and flow between groundwater and surface-water bodies. As part of the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS), a numerical model was constructed of 13 layers over 78,000 square miles representing multiple aquifers and confining units for the period of 1870 to 2007. The model is a tool that was used to assess and better understand groundwater resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113115","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., and Freiwald, D.A., 2011, A new tool to assess groundwater resources in the Mississippi embayment: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3115, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113115.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3115.jpg"},{"id":110967,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4b9e4b0c8380cd4689a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freiwald, David A. freiwald@usgs.gov","contributorId":226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freiwald","given":"David","email":"freiwald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006108,"text":"fs20113148 - 2011 - USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"fs20113148","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3148","title":"USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","docAbstract":"Extreme storms, sea-level rise, and the health of marine communities are some of the major societal and environmental issues impacting our Nation's marine and coastal realm. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in St. Petersburg, Fla., investigates processes related to these ecosystems and the societal implications of natural hazards and resource sustainability. As one of three centers nationwide conducting research within the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, the center is integral towards developing an understanding of physical processes that will contribute to rational decisions regarding the use and stewardship of national coastal and marine environments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113148","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2011, USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3148, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113148.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3148.jpg"},{"id":110959,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3148/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"St. Petersburg","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c7e4b07f02db4aaa52"} ,{"id":70006063,"text":"fs20113146 - 2011 - Popular myths about flooding in Western Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"fs20113146","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3146","title":"Popular myths about flooding in Western Washington","docAbstract":"Floods are the most destructive natural hazard in the Nation, causing more deaths and financial loss in the 20th century than any other natural disaster. The most significant 20 riverine floods of the 20th century for which data are available have killed more than 1,843 people and caused more than $50 billion (uninflated) in damages (Perry, 2000). One of the most common means of describing the severity of a flood is a comparison to the \"100-year flood.\" In the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to the fact that some regions, notably the Pacific Northwest, have experienced numerous so-called \"100-year\" floods in the span of a few years. Part of the confusion stems from the statistical nature of the \"100-year flood\" (Greene, 1996); however, another part of the confusion is the fact that the statistics are calculated for specific sites (streamgages) on specific rivers, rather than for a region as a whole. Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey have begun to investigate how the likelihood of flooding may be determined on a regional basis (Troutman and Karlinger, 2003).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113146","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., 2011, Popular myths about flooding in Western Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3146, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113146.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/FS_2011_3146.png"},{"id":110927,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115795,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3146/pdf/fs20113146.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Joseph L. jljones@usgs.gov","contributorId":3492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Joseph","email":"jljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006065,"text":"fs20113135 - 2011 - National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center project accomplishments: highlights","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-10T15:48:43.243653","indexId":"fs20113135","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3135","title":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center project accomplishments: highlights","docAbstract":"The National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC) has invested more than $20M since 2008 to put cutting-edge climate science research in the hands of resource managers across the Nation. With NCCWSC support, more than 25 cooperative research initiatives led by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) researchers and technical staff are advancing our understanding of habitats and species to provide guidance to managers in the face of a changing climate. Projects focus on quantifying and predicting interactions between climate, habitats, species, and other natural resources such as water. Spatial scales of the projects range from the continent of North America, to a regional scale such as the Pacific Northwest United States, to a landscape scale such as the Florida Everglades. Time scales range from the outset of the 20th century to the end of the 21st century. Projects often lead to workshops, presentations, publications and the creation of new websites, computer models, and data visualization tools. Partnership-building is also a key focus of the NCCWSC-supported projects. New and on-going cooperative partnerships have been forged and strengthened with resource managers and scientists at Federal, tribal, state, local, academic, and non-governmental organizations. USGS scientists work closely with resource managers to produce timely and relevant results that can assist managers and policy makers in current resource management decisions. This fact sheet highlights accomplishments of five NCCWSC projects.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113135","usgsCitation":"Holl, S., 2011, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center project accomplishments: highlights: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3135, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113135.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030703","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/FS_2011_3135.png"},{"id":110926,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db6989e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holl, Sally","contributorId":107416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holl","given":"Sally","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006042,"text":"fs20113138 - 2011 - Science Goals of the U.S. Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"fs20113138","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3138","title":"Science Goals of the U.S. Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Science Center","docAbstract":"In 2011, the U.S. Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Science Center (CSC) finalized the first draft of its goals for research needed to address the needs of natural and cultural partners for climate science in the Southeastern United States. The science themes described in this draft plan were established to address the information needs of ecoregion conservation partnerships, such as the Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) and other regional conservation-science and resource-management partners. These themes were developed using priorities defined by partners and stakeholders in the Southeast and on a large-scale, multidisciplinary project-the Southeast Regional Assessment Project (SERAP)-developed in concert with those partners. Science products developed under these themes will provide models of potential future conditions, assessments of likely impacts, and tools that can be used to inform the conservation management decisions of LCCs and other partners. This information will be critical as managers try to anticipate and adapt to climate change. Resource managers in the Southeast are requesting this type of information, in many cases as a result of observed climate change effects. The Southeast CSC draft science plan identifies six science themes and frames the activities (tasks, with examples of recommended near-term work for each task included herein) related to each theme that are needed to achieve the objectives of the Southeast CSC.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113138","usgsCitation":"Dalton, M.S., 2011, Science Goals of the U.S. Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3138, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113138.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110910,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3138/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3138.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalton, Melinda S. 0000-0002-2929-5573 msdalton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-5573","contributorId":267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalton","given":"Melinda","email":"msdalton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006043,"text":"fs20113140 - 2011 - Vegetation recovery after fire in the Klamath-Siskiyou region, southern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T09:50:11","indexId":"fs20113140","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3140","title":"Vegetation recovery after fire in the Klamath-Siskiyou region, southern Oregon","docAbstract":"In July 2002, lightning strikes started five forest fires that merged into one massive wildfire in the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion of southern Oregon. Aided by drought, severe weather conditions, dry fuels, and steep topography, the fire grew to more than 200,000 hectares of mostly public forest land. Known as the Biscuit Fire, it was Oregon's largest forest fire in more than 130 years and one of the largest wildfires on record in the United States. Discussions centered around why such a massive fire was happening, how large would it become, who was keeping communities and homes safe, and what would be the final economic and ecological outcome. Weeks later when the fire was out, conversations turned to other questions, including what, if anything, should happen for forest recovery.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113140","usgsCitation":"Hibbs, D., and Jacobs, R., 2011, Vegetation recovery after fire in the Klamath-Siskiyou region, southern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3140, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113140.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3140.jpg"},{"id":110896,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ade4b07f02db5c707f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hibbs, David","contributorId":80004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbs","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobs, Ruth","contributorId":81193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Ruth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005964,"text":"fs20113062 - 2011 - Organic compounds assessed in Chattahoochee River water used for public supply near Atlanta, Georgia, 2004-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T11:13:16","indexId":"fs20113062","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3062","title":"Organic compounds assessed in Chattahoochee River water used for public supply near Atlanta, Georgia, 2004-05","docAbstract":"An investigation by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program characterized the occurrence of 266 organic compounds in source water and finished water from the Chattahoochee River, which is the main water-supply source for the Atlanta metropolitan area. Source water is stream water collected at a surface-water intake prior to water treatment, and finished water is water that has passed through treatment processes prior to distribution. Samples were collected approximately monthly during 2004-05 and included 15 paired source-water and finished-water samples. Samples were collected during winter-spring high flow and summer-fall low flow, but storm events were not targeted during this Source Water-Quality Assessment (SWQA) study. Samples were analyzed for pesticides and degradates, gasoline hydrocarbons, solvents, disinfection by-products, personal care and domestic-use products, and other organic compounds. Community water systems are required to monitor regulated organic compounds under the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1996 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1998); however, most compounds included in this study are not regulated by Federal drinking-water standards (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007a). The Chattahoochee River study is part of an ongoing NAWQA investigation of community water systems across the United States. Additional details about the national study are given in Carter and others (2007).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113062","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, Source Water-Quality Assessment","usgsCitation":"Hughes, W.B., and Younker, C.L., 2011, Organic compounds assessed in Chattahoochee River water used for public supply near Atlanta, Georgia, 2004-05: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3062, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113062.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3062.jpg"},{"id":110857,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Upper Chattahoochee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.61189270019531,\n 33.989487811032085\n ],\n [\n -84.55146789550781,\n 33.85616131412811\n ],\n [\n -84.4683837890625,\n 33.7694443593021\n ],\n [\n -84.37705993652344,\n 33.74204180139232\n ],\n [\n -84.23286437988281,\n 33.81680727566873\n ],\n [\n -84.13261413574219,\n 33.88466740785103\n ],\n [\n -84.09347534179688,\n 33.988349152677955\n ],\n [\n -84.05021667480469,\n 33.99745799229644\n ],\n [\n -83.902587890625,\n 34.05265942137599\n ],\n [\n -83.80645751953124,\n 34.13908837343849\n ],\n [\n -83.726806640625,\n 34.23678304606286\n ],\n [\n -83.57574462890625,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -83.4521484375,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -83.39996337890625,\n 34.64450667793234\n ],\n [\n -83.36151123046875,\n 34.73935551813357\n ],\n [\n -83.33129882812499,\n 34.836349990763864\n ],\n [\n -83.419189453125,\n 34.912962495216966\n ],\n [\n -83.65814208984374,\n 34.908457853981375\n ],\n [\n -83.68011474609375,\n 34.81154831029378\n ],\n [\n -83.85589599609375,\n 34.773203753940734\n ],\n [\n -83.95477294921874,\n 34.7461262752594\n ],\n [\n -83.9849853515625,\n 34.619647359797185\n ],\n [\n -83.98773193359375,\n 34.53144977621485\n ],\n [\n -84.09759521484375,\n 34.41144164327245\n ],\n [\n -84.22119140625,\n 34.30260622622907\n ],\n [\n -84.33929443359375,\n 34.266296360583546\n ],\n [\n -84.33654785156249,\n 34.18454183141725\n ],\n [\n -84.40521240234375,\n 34.109530506665884\n ],\n [\n -84.61189270019531,\n 33.989487811032085\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605c95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, W. 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BioData offers field biologists advanced capabilities for entering, editing, and reviewing the macroinvertebrate, algae, fish, and supporting habitat data from rivers and streams. It offers data archival and curation capabilities that protect and maintain data for the long term. BioData provides the Federal, State, and local governments, as well as the scientific community, resource managers, the private sector, and the public with easy access to tens of thousands of samples collected nationwide from thousands of stream and river sites. BioData also provides the USGS with centralized data storage for delivering data to other systems and applications through automated web services. BioData allows users to combine data sets of known quality from different projects in various locations over time. It provides a nationally aggregated database for users to leverage data from many independent projects that, until now, was not feasible at this scale. For example, from 1991 to 2011, the USGS Idaho Water Science Center collected more than 816 bioassessment samples from 63 sites for the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program and more than 477 samples from 39 sites for a cooperative USGS and State of Idaho Statewide Water Quality Network (fig. 1). Using BioData, 20 years of samples collected for both of these projects can be combined for analysis. BioData delivers all of the data using current taxonomic nomenclature, thus relieving users of the difficult and time-consuming task of harmonizing taxonomy among samples collected during different time periods. Fish data are reported using the Integrated Taxonomic Information Service (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Numbers (TSN's). A simple web-data input interface and self-guided, public data-retrieval web site provides access to bioassessment data. BioData currently accepts data collected using two national protocols: (1) NAWQA and (2) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) National Rivers and Streams Assessment (NRSA). Additional collection protocols are planned for future versions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113112","usgsCitation":"MacCoy, D., 2011, BioData: a national aquatic bioassessment database: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3112, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113112.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3112.png"},{"id":110827,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3112/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173,16.916666666666668 ], [ 173,71.83333333333333 ], [ -66.95,71.83333333333333 ], [ -66.95,16.916666666666668 ], [ 173,16.916666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625eb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCoy, Dorene","contributorId":34782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"Dorene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005965,"text":"fs20113098 - 2011 - Methods for processing and imaging marsh foraminifera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"fs20113098","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3098","title":"Methods for processing and imaging marsh foraminifera","docAbstract":"This study is part of a larger U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) project to characterize the physical conditions of wetlands in southwestern Louisiana. Within these wetlands, groups of benthic foraminifera-shelled amoeboid protists living near or on the sea floor-can be used as agents to measure land subsidence, relative sea-level rise, and storm impact. In the Mississippi River Delta region, intertidal-marsh foraminiferal assemblages and biofacies were established in studies that pre-date the 1970s, with a very limited number of more recent studies. This fact sheet outlines this project's improved methods, handling, and modified preparations for the use of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging of these foraminifera. The objective is to identify marsh foraminifera to the taxonomic species level by using improved processing methods and SEM imaging for morphological characterization in order to evaluate changes in distribution and frequency relative to other environmental variables. The majority of benthic marsh foraminifera consists of agglutinated forms, which can be more delicate than porcelaneous forms. Agglutinated tests (shells) are made of particles such as sand grains or silt and clay material, whereas porcelaneous tests consist of calcite.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113098","collaboration":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","usgsCitation":"Dreher, C.A., and Flocks, J.G., 2011, Methods for processing and imaging marsh foraminifera: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3098, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113098.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110858,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3098.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62ba85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dreher, Chandra A.","contributorId":71282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreher","given":"Chandra","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005967,"text":"fs20113102 - 2011 - Microbial ecology of deep-water mid-Atlantic canyons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"fs20113102","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3102","title":"Microbial ecology of deep-water mid-Atlantic canyons","docAbstract":"The research described in this fact sheet will be conducted from 2012 to 2014 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's DISCOVRE (DIversity, Systematics, and COnnectivity of Vulnerable Reef Ecosystems) Program. This integrated, multidisciplinary effort will be investigating a variety of topics related to unique and fragile deep-sea ecosystems from the microscopic level to the ecosystem level. One goal is to improve understanding, at the microbiological scale, of the benthic communities (including corals) that reside in and around mid-Atlantic canyon habitats and their associated environments. Specific objectives include identifying and characterizing the microbial associates of deep-sea corals, characterizing the microbial biofilms on hard substrates to better determine their role in engineering the ecosystem, and adding a microbial dimension to benthic community structure and function assessments by characterizing micro-eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea in deep-sea sediments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113102","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, C.A., 2011, Microbial ecology of deep-water mid-Atlantic canyons: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3102, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113102.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":575,"text":"St. Petersburg Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110830,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3102.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77,36.5 ], [ -77,40 ], [ -73.5,40 ], [ -73.5,36.5 ], [ -77,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62dfd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Christina A. 0000-0002-6492-9455 ckellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-9455","contributorId":391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Christina","email":"ckellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005946,"text":"fs20113114 - 2011 - Regional assessments of the Nation's water quality—Improved understanding of stream nutrient sources through enhanced modeling capabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"fs20113114","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3114","title":"Regional assessments of the Nation's water quality—Improved understanding of stream nutrient sources through enhanced modeling capabilities","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently completed assessments of stream nutrients in six major regions extending over much of the conterminous United States. SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) models were developed for each region to explain spatial patterns in monitored stream nutrient loads in relation to human activities and natural resources and processes. The model information, reported by stream reach and catchment, provides contrasting views of the spatial patterns of nutrient source contributions, including those from urban (wastewater effluent and diffuse runoff from developed land), agricultural (farm fertilizers and animal manure), and specific background sources (atmospheric nitrogen deposition, soil phosphorus, forest nitrogen fixation, and channel erosion).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113114","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program","usgsCitation":"Preston, S.D., Alexander, R.B., and Woodside, M., 2011, Regional assessments of the Nation's water quality—Improved understanding of stream nutrient sources through enhanced modeling capabilities: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3114, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113114.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3114.jpg"},{"id":110821,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6244bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Preston, Stephen D. 0000-0003-1515-6692 spreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-6692","contributorId":1463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Stephen","email":"spreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodside, Michael D. mdwoodsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":2903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodside","given":"Michael D.","email":"mdwoodsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005955,"text":"fs20113134 - 2011 - Wind energy and wildlife research at the Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"fs20113134","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3134","title":"Wind energy and wildlife research at the Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","docAbstract":"The United States has embarked on a goal to increase electricity generation from clean, renewable sources by 2012. Towards this end, wind energy is emerging as a widely distributed form of renewable energy throughout the country. The national goal is for energy from wind to supply 20 percent of the country's electricity by 2030. As with many land uses, trade-offs exist between costs and benefits. New wind developments are occurring rapidly in parts of the United States, often leaving little time for evaluation of potential site-specific effects. These developments are known to affect wildlife, directly from fatality due to collision with the infrastructure and indirectly from loss of habitat and migration routes. The Department of the Interior, in particular, is challenged to balance energy development on public lands and also to conserve fish and wildlife. The Secretary of the Interior has proposed a number of initiatives to encourage responsible development of renewable energy. These initiatives are especially important in the western United States where large amounts of land are being developed or evaluated for wind farms.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113134","usgsCitation":"Phillips, S.L., 2011, Wind energy and wildlife research at the Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3134, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113134.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3134.bmp"},{"id":110826,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5caf72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Susan L. 0000-0002-5891-8485 sue_phillips@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-8485","contributorId":717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Susan","email":"sue_phillips@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005944,"text":"fs20113029 - 2011 - Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Sud Province, north-central Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"fs20113029","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3029","title":"Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Sud Province, north-central Africa","docAbstract":"The Sud Province located in north-central Africa recently was assessed for undiscovered, technically recoverable oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids resources as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) World Oil and Gas Assessment. Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the USGS estimated mean volumes of 7.31 billion barrels of oil, 13.42 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 353 million barrels of natural gas liquids.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113029","collaboration":"World Petroleum Resources Project","usgsCitation":"Brownfield, M.E., Klett, T., Schenk, C.J., Charpentier, R., Cook, T.A., Pollastro, R.M., and Tennyson, M., 2011, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Sud Province, north-central Africa: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3029, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113029.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3029.gif"},{"id":110820,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3029/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Sud Province;North-central Africa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 10,-2 ], [ 10,18 ], [ 45,18 ], [ 45,-2 ], [ 10,-2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686a05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":7250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":72344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":33674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cook, T. A.","contributorId":60169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pollastro, R. M.","contributorId":6809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tennyson, Marilyn E. 0000-0002-5166-2421 tennyson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-2421","contributorId":23564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tennyson","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"tennyson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70005937,"text":"fs20113067 - 2011 - Land-use planning for nearshore ecosystem services—the Puget Sound Ecosystem Portfolio Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"fs20113067","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3067","title":"Land-use planning for nearshore ecosystem services—the Puget Sound Ecosystem Portfolio Model","docAbstract":"The 2,500 miles of shoreline and nearshore areas of Puget Sound, Washington, provide multiple benefits to people—\"ecosystem services\"—including important fishing, shellfishing, and recreation industries. To help resource managers plan for expected growth in coming decades, the U.S. Geological Survey Western Geographic Science Center has developed the Puget Sound Ecosystem Portfolio Model (PSEPM). Scenarios of urban growth and shoreline modifications serve as model inputs to develop alternative futures of important nearshore features such as water quality and beach habitats. Model results will support regional long-term planning decisions for the Puget Sound region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113067","usgsCitation":"Byrd, K., 2011, Land-use planning for nearshore ecosystem services—the Puget Sound Ecosystem Portfolio Model: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3067, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113067.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3067.gif"},{"id":101790,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3067/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Pudget Sound","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrd, Kristin","contributorId":82053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005939,"text":"fs20113099 - 2011 - A dryland river transformed—the Little Colorado, 1936–2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"fs20113099","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3099","title":"A dryland river transformed—the Little Colorado, 1936–2010","docAbstract":"The Little Colorado River, in northeastern Arizona, is a major tributary of the Colorado River. Over a span of 74 years, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has mapped substantial migration of the river channel between the City of Winslow and the Navajo Nation community of Leupp (Tólchíí kooh). In a human lifetime, the river has moved more than 1 mile across its valley floor. Channel migration and flooding pose a considerable risk to the life and property of people living near the river. USGS scientists are working to better understand the potential for further channel adjustments and flooding to help provide communities at risk with the information they need to address these threats and make future development decisions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113099","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Navajo Nation","usgsCitation":"Block, D.L., and Redsteer, M.H., 2011, A dryland river transformed—the Little Colorado, 1936–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3099, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113099.","productDescription":"4 p.","temporalStart":"1936-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":670,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Field Science Center-Flagstaff","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3099.gif"},{"id":101792,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Little Colorado River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aecd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Block, Debra L. 0000-0001-7348-3064 dblock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-3064","contributorId":3587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Block","given":"Debra","email":"dblock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redsteer, Margaret Hiza 0000-0003-2851-2502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-2502","contributorId":54335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redsteer","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"Hiza","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005898,"text":"fs20113088 - 2011 - Water resources of Webster Parish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"fs20113088","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3088","title":"Water resources of Webster Parish","docAbstract":"In 2005, about 9.52 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water were withdrawn in Webster Parish, Louisiana (fig. 1), including about 9.33 Mgal/d from groundwater sources and 0.19 Mgal/d from surface-water sources1 (table 1). Publicsupply use accounted for about 70 percent of the total water withdrawn. Other categories of use included industrial, rural domestic, livestock, general irrigation, and aquaculture (table 2). Water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2005 indicate water withdrawals in Webster Parish decreased substantially from 1970 to 1980; surface-water withdrawals for industrial use decreased from about 37 to 0 Mgal/d because of a paper mill closure in 1979. From 1980 to 2000, total water withdrawals in the parish ranged from 7 to 8 Mgal/d (fig. 2). This fact sheet summarizes basic information on the water resources of Webster Parish, La. Information on groundwater and surface-water availability, quality, development, use, and trends is based on previously published reports listed in the Selected References section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113088","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., and Griffith, J.M., 2011, Water resources of Webster Parish: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3088, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113088.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3088.gif"},{"id":94688,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Webster Parish;Upland Terrace Aquifer;Sparta Aquifer;Carrizo-wilcox Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.58333333333333,32.25 ], [ -93.58333333333333,33 ], [ -93.16666666666667,33 ], [ -93.16666666666667,32.25 ], [ -93.58333333333333,32.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f06ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B.","contributorId":73978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Jason M. 0000-0002-8942-0380 jmgriff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-0380","contributorId":2923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Jason","email":"jmgriff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005899,"text":"fs20113087 - 2011 - Water resources of Bossier Parish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"fs20113087","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3087","title":"Water resources of Bossier Parish","docAbstract":"In 2005, about 15.8 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water were withdrawn in Bossier Parish, Louisiana, including 4.12 Mgal/d from groundwater sources and about 11.7 Mgal/d from surface-water sources. Public-supply use accounted for about 78 percent (12.4 Mgal/d) of the total water withdrawn. Other categories of use included industry, rural domestic, livestock, rice irrigation, general irrigation, and aquaculture. Based on water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2005, water withdrawals in the parish increased from 4.96 to 15.8 Mgal/d. This fact sheet summarizes basic information on the water resources of Bossier Parish, La. Information on groundwater and surface-water availability, quality, development, use, and trends is based on previously published reports listed in the Selected References section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113087","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., and Griffith, J.M., 2011, Water resources of Bossier Parish: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3087, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113087.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3087.gif"},{"id":94689,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Bossier Parish;Red River Alluvial Aquifer;Upland Terrace Aquifer;Sparta Aquifer;Carrizo-wilcox Aquifer;Red River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94,32 ], [ -94,33 ], [ -93.33333333333333,33 ], [ -93.33333333333333,32 ], [ -94,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B.","contributorId":73978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Jason M. 0000-0002-8942-0380 jmgriff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-0380","contributorId":2923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Jason","email":"jmgriff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005872,"text":"fs20113133 - 2011 - A promising tool for subsurface permafrost mapping-An application of airborne geophysics from the Yukon River Basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"fs20113133","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3133","title":"A promising tool for subsurface permafrost mapping-An application of airborne geophysics from the Yukon River Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"Permafrost is a predominant physical feature of the Earth's Arctic and Subarctic clines and a major consideration encompassing ecosystem structure to infrastructure engineering and placement. Perennially frozen ground is estimated to cover about 85 percent of the state of Alaska where northern reaches are underlain with continuous permafrost and parts of interior Alaska are underlain by areas of discontinuous and (or) sporadic permafrost (fig. 1). The region of Interior Alaska, where permafrost is scattered among unfrozen ground, is a complex mosaic of terrains and habitats. Such diversity creates arrays of lakes and surface-water and groundwater patterns that continental populations of migratory waterfowl and internationally significant fisheries have adapted to over time. A road or pipeline might pass over frozen and unfrozen ground, affecting the types of materials and engineering approaches needed to sustain the infrastructure.\nEffective mapping of discontinuous permafrost at scales meaningful ecologically and (or) from an engineering perspective has been a long-standing challenge. Using techniques such as borehole logging for site-specific assessments or botanical techniques that can suggest underlying permafrost distributions can be labor intensive and difficult to accomplish at the scale and remoteness of much of Alaska.\nThe climate is changing in the Arctic and Subarctic regions. The warming observed throughout much of Alaska could create widespread changes in permafrost. How the warming of the permafrost affects near-surface processes, ecosystems, and community infrastructure and ecosystems is not clear. A better understanding of the dynamic distribution and physical properties of permafrost, from continuous to discontinuous, will provide knowledge of how the permafrost environment may change in the future and help inform engineering and natural resource response strategies.\nHere we discuss an application of an airborne remote sensing methodology for mapping and shade imaging permafrost characteristics at various scales. This work provides the first look into three-dimensional distribution of permafrost in the areas around Fort Yukon and is a demonstration of the application of airborne electromagnetic (AEM) to permafrost mapping. Such an approach is attractive, particularly in Arctic and Subarctic studies, where ground access is difficult and ecosystems are fragile.\nIn June 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted an AEM survey near Fort Yukon, Alaska. The primary focus of this survey was to map the distribution of permafrost in selected areas in order to supply information for the development of groundwater models of the Yukon River Basin. However, the methodologies have more far-reaching ecological and engineering applications. Approximately 1,800 line kilometers were acquired in a combination of typical block style surveying in the immediate area of Fort Yukon and in long reconnaissance lines over a broader area. The widely spaced lines were flown to cross the modern Yukon River in \"X\" like patterns with intersections at features that have been previously studied (fig. 2).\nAEM is used to gather data on the electrical resistivity of materials in the subsurface below the flight path of the helicopter, which are then analyzed to interpret the subsurface lithology and the location and extent of permafrost. For this survey, the electrical resistivity was imaged to depths on the order of 50-100 meters. Images from the survey can be qualitatively compared with known permafrost features and suggest new permafrost features. Electrical properties of earth materials are affected by lithology as well as temperature and the presence of ice; frozen materials become substantially more resistive. This allows for the identification of permafrost from the resistivity image (Abraham and others, 2011).\nIn the area of Fort Yukon, the AEM survey shows elevated resistivities extending to depth, likely indicative of thick permafrost. This depth corresponds well to observations from a borehole drilled in the area in the late 1990s, which detected permafrost to a depth of about 100 meters (Clark and others, 2009). In contrast to the area of Fort Yukon, the Yukon River and its floodplain are not associated with deep resistive sediments, suggesting a lack of deep permafrost, at least within the depth range of the AEM mapping (fig. 3).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113133","usgsCitation":"Abraham, J.E., 2011, A promising tool for subsurface permafrost mapping-An application of airborne geophysics from the Yukon River Basin, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3133, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113133.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":542,"text":"Regional Executive for Alaska","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3133.png"},{"id":94600,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -149.5,66 ], [ -149.5,67.5 ], [ -143,67.5 ], [ -143,66 ], [ -149.5,66 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8d0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abraham, Jared E.","contributorId":73739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005729,"text":"fs20113025 - 2011 - Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"fs20113025","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3025","title":"Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers","docAbstract":"What is a Climate Science Center? On September 14, 2009, the Secretary of the Interior signed a Secretarial Order (No. 3289) entitled, \"Addressing the Impacts of Climate Change on America's Water, Land, and Other Natural and Cultural Resources.\" The Order effectively established the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) Climate Science Centers (CSCs), which will integrate DOI science and management expertise with similar contributions from our partners to provide information to support adaptation and mitigation efforts on both public and private lands, across the United States and internationally.The Southeast CSC, hosted by NC State University (NCSU), will collaborate with a number of other universities, State and Federal agencies, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) with interest and expertise in climate science. The primary partner for the Southeast CSC will be the Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) in the Southeast, including the Appalachian, Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks, Gulf Coast Prairie, Peninsular Florida, and the South Atlantic. CSC collaborations are focused on common science priorities, addressing priority partner needs, minimizing redundancies in science, sharing scientific findings, and expanding understanding of climate change impacts in the Southeast.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113025","usgsCitation":"Jones, S.A., 2011, Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3025, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113025.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3025.jpg"},{"id":94580,"rank":200,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66eab2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Sonya A. 0000-0002-7462-8576 sajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-8576","contributorId":1690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Sonya","email":"sajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048700,"text":"fs20113070 - 2011 - Assessment of groundwater pathways and contaminant transport in Florida and Georgia using multiple chemical and microbiological indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T11:15:58","indexId":"fs20113070","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-30T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3070","title":"Assessment of groundwater pathways and contaminant transport in Florida and Georgia using multiple chemical and microbiological indicators","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology of Florida, especially in the northern part of the state, and southwestern Georgia is characterized by a predominance of limestone aquifers overlain by varying amounts of sands, silts, and clays. This karstic system of aquifers and their associated springs is particularly vulnerable to contamination from various anthropogenic activities at the land surface. Numerous sinkholes, disappearing streams, and conduit systems or dissolution pathways, often associated with large spring systems, allow rapid movement of contaminants from the land surface to the groundwater system with little or no attenuation or degradation. The fate of contaminants in the groundwater system is not fully understood, but traveltimes from sources are greatly reduced when conduits are intercepted by pumping wells and springs. Contaminant introduction to groundwater systems in Florida and Georgia is not limited to seepage from land surface, but can be associated with passive (drainage wells) and forced subsurface injection (aquifer storage and recovery, waste-water disposal).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113070","usgsCitation":"Mahon, G.L., 2011, Assessment of groundwater pathways and contaminant transport in Florida and Georgia using multiple chemical and microbiological indicators: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3070, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113070.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278588,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20113070.jpg"},{"id":278586,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3070/"},{"id":278587,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3070/fs2011-3070.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, 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Crayfish are among the most impactful of aquatic invasive species. Invasive crayfish are considered ecosystem engineers due to their ability to alter basic wetland properties, such as reducing vegetation and bank integrity and increasing turbidity. In areas where invasion is advanced, crayfish pose major economic and ecological problems. Crayfish have been widely introduced for aquaculture and can become established in a wide range of habitat conditions. They also may be spread by anglers who use them as bait. Several non-native crayfish are established in the PNW, but the extent of their invasion is not well known. At least two groups are known from scattered sites in the PNW, and both have proven problematic for native species in other parts of the world: Red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and several members of the genus Orconectes. Both groups are native to areas of the eastern United States. Both are identified globally as invasives of high concern and appear on the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife's \"10 Most Unwanted\" and the U.S. Forest Service's \"Primary Species of Concern\" lists for stream systems in the PNW. Despite the presence of introduced crayfish in the PNW and their high potential for negative effects, the scope of their invasion and effects on aquatic systems are not well known. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), along with local groups and state agencies, is working to clarify crayfish distribution and to outline which basins may not yet be invaded. Other goals are to improve understanding of habitat associations of invasive crayfish and their potential effects on native crayfish.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113132","usgsCitation":"Pearl, C.A., McCreary, B., and Adams, M., 2011, Invasive crayfish in the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3132, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113132.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94464,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011-3132.bmp"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Northwest","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4991e4b07f02db5b44bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321 christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":3131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher","email":"christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCreary, Brome","contributorId":105005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCreary","given":"Brome","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Michael","contributorId":24905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005812,"text":"fs20113085 - 2011 - Monitoring and analysis of sand dune movement and growth on the Navajo Nation, southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"fs20113085","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3085","title":"Monitoring and analysis of sand dune movement and growth on the Navajo Nation, southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Recurring drought and rising temperatures have caused reactivation and renewed growth of sand dunes on the lands of the Navajo Nation on the Colorado Plateau. Migrating dunes threaten health, housing, and transportation pathways. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists are conducting research to better understand the processes of dune growth and movement. This research will provide critical data to the Native peoples of the region in their response to the changing environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113085","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Navajo Nation","usgsCitation":"Redsteer, M.H., Bogle, R., and Vogel, J.M., 2011, Monitoring and analysis of sand dune movement and growth on the Navajo Nation, southwestern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3085, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113085.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":670,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Field Science Center-Flagstaff","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94442,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3085.gif"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624b9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redsteer, Margaret Hiza 0000-0003-2851-2502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-2502","contributorId":54335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redsteer","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"Hiza","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bogle, Rian rbogle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogle","given":"Rian","email":"rbogle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogel, John M. 0000-0002-8226-1188 jvogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8226-1188","contributorId":3167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"John","email":"jvogel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}