{"pageNumber":"500","pageRowStart":"12475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184606,"records":[{"id":70220397,"text":"70220397 - 2021 - Using next generation sequencing of alpine plants to improve fecal metabarcoding diet analysis for Dall’s sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-12T11:52:00.593454","indexId":"70220397","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-07T06:43:59","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":958,"text":"BMC Research Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using next generation sequencing of alpine plants to improve fecal metabarcoding diet analysis for Dall’s sheep","docAbstract":"

Objectives

Dall’s sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) are important herbivores in the mountainous ecosystems of northwestern North America, and recent declines in some populations have sparked concern. Our aim was to improve capabilities for fecal metabarcoding diet analysis of Dall’s sheep and other herbivores by contributing new sequence data for arctic and alpine plants. This expanded reference library will provide critical reference sequence data that will facilitate metabarcoding diet analysis of Dall’s sheep and thus improve understanding of plant-animal interactions in a region undergoing rapid climate change.

Data description

We provide sequences for the chloroplast rbcL gene of 16 arctic-alpine vascular plant species that are known to comprise the diet of Dall’s sheep. These sequences contribute to a growing reference library that can be used in diet studies of arctic herbivores.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s13104-021-05590-z","usgsCitation":"Williams, K.E., Menning, D.M., Wald, E.J., Talbot, S.L., Rattenbury, K.L., and Prugh, L., 2021, Using next generation sequencing of alpine plants to improve fecal metabarcoding diet analysis for Dall’s sheep: BMC Research Notes, v. 14, 173, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-021-05590-z.","productDescription":"173, 4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124845","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-021-05590-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Kelly E. 0000-0003-1275-5761","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1275-5761","contributorId":257954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menning, Damian M. 0000-0003-3547-3062 dmenning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-3062","contributorId":205131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menning","given":"Damian","email":"dmenning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wald, Eric J.","contributorId":257955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wald","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rattenbury, Kumi L.","contributorId":257956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rattenbury","given":"Kumi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prugh, Laura R.","contributorId":257957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prugh","given":"Laura R.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70267302,"text":"70267302 - 2021 - Responses of vertebrate wildlife to oil and natural gas development: Patterns and frontiers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-20T17:17:49.319926","indexId":"70267302","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5476,"text":"Current Landscape Ecology Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of vertebrate wildlife to oil and natural gas development: Patterns and frontiers","docAbstract":"

Purpose of Review

Anthropogenic activities can lead to the loss, fragmentation, and alteration of wildlife habitats. I reviewed the recent literature (2014–2019) focused on the responses of avian, mammalian, and herpetofaunal species to oil and natural gas development, a widespread and still-expanding land use worldwide. My primary goals were to identify any generalities in species’ responses to development and summarize remaining gaps in knowledge. To do so, I evaluated the directionality of a wide variety of responses in relation to taxon, location, development type, development metric, habitat type, and spatiotemporal aspects.

Recent Findings

Studies (n = 70) were restricted to the USA and Canada, and taxonomically biased towards birds and mammals. Longer studies, but not those incorporating multiple spatial scales, were more likely to detect significant responses. Negative responses of all types were present in relatively low frequencies across all taxa, locations, development types, and development metrics but were context-dependent. The directionality of responses by the same species often varied across studies or development metrics.

Summary

The state of knowledge about wildlife responses to oil and natural gas development has developed considerably, though many biases and gaps remain. Studies outside of North America and that focus on herpetofauna are lacking. Tests of mechanistic hypotheses for effects, long-term studies, assessment of response thresholds, and experimental designs that isolate the effects of different stimuli associated with development, remain critical. Moreover, tests of the efficacy of habitat mitigation efforts have been rare. Finally, investigations of the demographic effects of development across the full annual cycle were absent for non-game species and are critical for the estimation of population-level effects.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s40823-021-00065-0","usgsCitation":"Chalfoun, A.D., 2021, Responses of vertebrate wildlife to oil and natural gas development: Patterns and frontiers: Current Landscape Ecology Reports, v. 6, p. 71-84, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40823-021-00065-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"84","ipdsId":"IP-125857","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40823-021-00065-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":486237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.99133325913138,\n 48.99530882529015\n ],\n [\n -115.94775136101576,\n 47.635070317007006\n ],\n [\n -114.71798520155821,\n 46.75535562272523\n ],\n [\n -114.49414972872306,\n 45.45998234056832\n ],\n [\n -113.96758226906417,\n 45.524482366283685\n ],\n [\n -113.60221411335195,\n 44.681702439031596\n ],\n [\n -111.32527287492972,\n 44.560953493263426\n ],\n [\n -110.95041014777493,\n 41.06914399002384\n ],\n [\n -103.87530651855269,\n 41.10554283282917\n ],\n [\n -103.94967923279542,\n 45.96760028626089\n ],\n [\n -96.46530149091419,\n 46.097634685465835\n ],\n [\n -97.09333137335523,\n 49.05935053469682\n ],\n [\n -115.99133325913138,\n 48.99530882529015\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chalfoun, Anna D. 0000-0002-0219-6006 achalfoun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-6006","contributorId":197589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalfoun","given":"Anna","email":"achalfoun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":937676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70262542,"text":"70262542 - 2021 - eDNA metabarcoding outperforms traditional fisheries sampling and reveals fine-scale heterogeneity in a temperate freshwater lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-23T17:19:54.530829","indexId":"70262542","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T11:14:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5840,"text":"Environmental DNA","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"eDNA metabarcoding outperforms traditional fisheries sampling and reveals fine-scale heterogeneity in a temperate freshwater lake","docAbstract":"

Understanding biodiversity in aquatic systems is critical to ecological research and conservation efforts, but accurately measuring species richness using traditional methods can be challenging. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, which uses high-throughput sequencing and universal primers to amplify DNA from multiple species present in an environmental sample, has shown great promise for augmenting results from traditional sampling to characterize fish communities in aquatic systems. Few studies, however, have compared exhaustive traditional sampling with eDNA metabarcoding of corresponding water samples at a small spatial scale. We intensively sampled Boardman Lake (1.4 km2) in Michigan, USA, from May to June in 2019 using gill and fyke nets and paired each net set with lake water samples collected in triplicate. We analyzed water samples using eDNA metabarcoding with 12S and 16S fish-specific primers and compared estimates of fish diversity among methods. In total, we set 60 nets and analyzed 180 1 L lake water samples. We captured a total of 12 fish species in our traditional gear and detected 40 taxa in the eDNA water samples, which included all the species observed in nets. The 12S and 16S assays detected a comparable number of taxa, but taxonomic resolution varied between the two genes. In our traditional gear, there was a clear difference in the species selectivity between the two net types, and there were several species commonly detected in the eDNA samples that were not captured in nets. Finally, we detected spatial heterogeneity in fish community composition across relatively small scales in Boardman Lake with eDNA metabarcoding, but not with traditional sampling. Our results demonstrated that eDNA metabarcoding was substantially more efficient than traditional gear for estimating community composition, highlighting the utility of eDNA metabarcoding for assessing species diversity and informing management and conservation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/edn3.197","usgsCitation":"Gehri, R., Larson, W., Gruenthal, K., Sard, N., and Shi, Y., 2021, eDNA metabarcoding outperforms traditional fisheries sampling and reveals fine-scale heterogeneity in a temperate freshwater lake: Environmental DNA, v. 3, no. 5, p. 919-929, https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.197.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"919","endPage":"929","ipdsId":"IP-120930","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.197","text":"External Repository"},{"id":481011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Boardman Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.62050841290632,\n 44.76069598432639\n ],\n [\n -85.62050841290632,\n 44.73083633270895\n ],\n [\n -85.604420992646,\n 44.73083633270895\n ],\n [\n -85.604420992646,\n 44.76069598432639\n ],\n [\n -85.62050841290632,\n 44.76069598432639\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gehri, Rebecca R.","contributorId":349609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehri","given":"Rebecca R.","affiliations":[{"id":17717,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, Wesley 0000-0003-4473-3401 wlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-3401","contributorId":199509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Wesley","email":"wlarson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gruenthal, Kristen","contributorId":349610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gruenthal","given":"Kristen","affiliations":[{"id":17717,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sard, Nicholas","contributorId":243196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sard","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":48660,"text":"SUNY Oswego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shi, Yue","contributorId":349037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shi","given":"Yue","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70220253,"text":"70220253 - 2021 - Daily patterns of river herring (Alosa spp.) spawning migrations: Environmental drivers and variation among coastal streams in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T16:20:59.899733","indexId":"70220253","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T10:45:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Daily patterns of river herring (Alosa spp.) spawning migrations: Environmental drivers and variation among coastal streams in Massachusetts","title":"Daily patterns of river herring (Alosa spp.) spawning migrations: Environmental drivers and variation among coastal streams in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"

The timing of life history events in many plants and animals depends on the seasonal fluctuations of specific environmental conditions. Climate change is altering environmental regimes and disrupting natural cycles and patterns across communities. Anadromous fishes that migrate between marine and freshwater habitats to spawn are particularly sensitive to shifting environmental conditions and thus are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. However, for many anadromous fish species the specific environmental mechanisms driving migration and spawning patterns are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the upstream spawning migrations of river herring Alosa spp. in 12 coastal Massachusetts streams. By analyzing long-term data sets (8–28 years) of daily fish counts, we determined the local influence of environmental factors on daily migration patterns and compared seasonal run dynamics and environmental regimes among streams. Our results suggest that water temperature was the most consistent predictor of both daily river herring presence–absence and abundance during migration. We found inconsistent effects of streamflow and lunar phase, likely due to the anthropogenic manipulation of flow and connectivity in different systems. Geographic patterns in run dynamics and thermal regimes suggest that the more northerly runs in this region are relatively vulnerable to climate change due to migration occurring later in the spring season, at warmer water temperatures that approach thermal maxima, and during a narrower temporal window compared to southern runs. The phenology of river herring and their reliance on seasonal temperature patterns indicate that populations of these species may benefit from management practices that reduce within-stream anthropogenic water temperature manipulations and maintain coolwater thermal refugia.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10301","usgsCitation":"Legett, H., Jordaan, A., Roy, A.H., Sheppard, J., Somos-Valenzuela, M., and Staudinger, M., 2021, Daily patterns of river herring (Alosa spp.) spawning migrations: Environmental drivers and variation among coastal streams in Massachusetts: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 150, no. 4, p. 501-513, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10301.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"513","ipdsId":"IP-122758","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10301","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.91125488281249,\n 42.879989517714826\n ],\n [\n -70.82611083984375,\n 42.577354839557856\n ],\n [\n -70.65032958984375,\n 42.56926437219384\n ],\n [\n -70.5596923828125,\n 42.64002037386321\n ],\n [\n -70.62286376953124,\n 42.70867781741311\n ],\n [\n -70.78216552734375,\n 42.938328528472546\n ],\n [\n -70.91125488281249,\n 42.879989517714826\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.34521484375,\n 41.87365126992505\n ],\n [\n -71.03759765625,\n 41.469486382476376\n ],\n [\n -70.40313720703125,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -69.84832763671875,\n 41.67496335351134\n ],\n [\n -69.90325927734375,\n 41.83478149415483\n ],\n [\n -70.125732421875,\n 41.83887416186901\n ],\n [\n -70.3948974609375,\n 41.76721469421018\n ],\n [\n -70.609130859375,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -70.71624755859374,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -71.34521484375,\n 41.87365126992505\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legett, Henry","contributorId":257708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Legett","given":"Henry","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordaan, Adrian","contributorId":257709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordaan","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":37201,"text":"UMass Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sheppard, John","contributorId":257712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheppard","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":52088,"text":"MA DMF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Somos-Valenzuela, Marcelo","contributorId":257713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Somos-Valenzuela","given":"Marcelo","affiliations":[{"id":52089,"text":"Universidad de La Frontera","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Staudinger, Michelle 0000-0002-4535-2005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-2005","contributorId":206655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudinger","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70262200,"text":"70262200 - 2021 - Environmental DNA metabarcoding as a tool for biodiversity assessment and monitoring: Reconstructing established fish communities of north-temperate lakes and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-15T16:30:27.357865","indexId":"70262200","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T10:24:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental DNA metabarcoding as a tool for biodiversity assessment and monitoring: Reconstructing established fish communities of north-temperate lakes and rivers","docAbstract":"

Aim

To evaluate the ability of precipitation-based environmental DNA (eDNA) sample collection and mitochondrial 12S metabarcoding sequencing to reconstruct well-studied fish communities in lakes and rivers. Specific objectives were to 1) determine correlations between eDNA species detections and known community composition based on conventional field sampling, 2) compare efficiency of eDNA to detect fish biodiversity among systems with variable morphologies and trophic states, and 3) determine if species habitat preferences predict eDNA detection.

Location

Upper Great Lakes Region, North America.

Methods

Fish community composition was estimated for seven lakes and two Mississippi River navigation pools using sequence data from the mitochondrial 12S gene amplified from 10 to 50 water samples per waterbody collected in 50-mL centrifuge tubes at a single time point. Environmental DNA (eDNA) was concentrated without filtration by centrifuging samples to reduce per-sample handling time. Taxonomic detections from eDNA were compared to established community monitoring databases containing up to 40 years of sampling and a detailed habitat/substrate preference matrix to identify patterns of bias.

Results

Mitochondrial 12S gene metabarcoding detected 15%–47% of the known species at each waterbody and 30%–76% of known genera. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) assessment of the community structure indicated that eDNA-detected communities grouped in a similar pattern as known communities. Discriminant analysis of principal components indicated that there was a high degree of overlap in habitat/substrate preference of eDNA-detected and eDNA-undetected species suggesting limited habitat bias for eDNA sampling.

Main conclusions

Large numbers of small volume samples sequenced at the mitochondrial 12S gene can describe the coarse community structure of freshwater systems. However, additional conventional sampling and environmental DNA sampling may be necessary for a complete diversity census.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13253","usgsCitation":"Euclide, P., Lor, Y., Spear, M., Tajjioui, T., Vander Zanden, M., Larson, W., and Amberg, J., 2021, Environmental DNA metabarcoding as a tool for biodiversity assessment and monitoring: Reconstructing established fish communities of north-temperate lakes and rivers: Diversity and Distributions, v. 27, no. 10, p. 1966-1980, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13253.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1966","endPage":"1980","ipdsId":"IP-124028","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13253","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":466425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.69650645627553,\n 42.67261502369823\n ],\n [\n -87.50037188847926,\n 44.96099256889755\n ],\n [\n -88.12421244787475,\n 45.82427169426791\n ],\n [\n -90.90876519937515,\n 46.80434775293887\n ],\n [\n -92.74682473245406,\n 46.577434240390176\n ],\n [\n -92.71276788305403,\n 44.70480675177035\n ],\n [\n -91.11604087595344,\n 43.46353667736918\n ],\n [\n -91.4600402858816,\n 42.70232293796812\n ],\n [\n -90.81653570303575,\n 41.91372416048236\n ],\n [\n -91.73687842169363,\n 40.83446553068484\n ],\n [\n -91.1461518055107,\n 40.30547432621668\n ],\n [\n -89.98143751284452,\n 42.22475699654589\n ],\n [\n -87.69650645627553,\n 42.67261502369823\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euclide, Peter T.","contributorId":348493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euclide","given":"Peter T.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lor, Yer 0000-0002-5738-2412","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-2412","contributorId":210011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lor","given":"Yer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spear, Michael J.","contributorId":348494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spear","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tajjioui, Tariq 0000-0002-0113-0451","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0113-0451","contributorId":215091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tajjioui","given":"Tariq","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vander Zanden, M. Jake","contributorId":348495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vander Zanden","given":"M. Jake","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, Wesley 0000-0003-4473-3401 wlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-3401","contributorId":199509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Wesley","email":"wlarson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Amberg, Jon 0000-0002-8351-4861 jamberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-4861","contributorId":149785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70229746,"text":"70229746 - 2021 - Survival and contaminants in imperiled and common riverine fishes assessed with an in situ bioassay approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-16T15:08:34.373821","indexId":"70229746","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T10:03:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and contaminants in imperiled and common riverine fishes assessed with an in situ bioassay approach","docAbstract":"

An in situ bioassay approach was used to determine whether aquatic contaminant stressors in a large Atlantic river ecosystem affect the survival of 3 fish species: the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, juveniles), the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas, adults), and the robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum, juveniles). Hatchery-propagated fish were placed into cages to assess site-specific survival in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River of North Carolina and South Carolina, USA. Contaminants were measured in caged fish and sediment and surface water at each site. No apparent longitudinal trends in fish survival were detected, and contaminant concentrations varied among sites. Juvenile largemouth bass and robust redhorse did not survive past 13 and 23 d, with corresponding Kaplan-Meier median survival estimates of 9.7 and 12.1 d, respectively. Survival of adult fathead minnows deployed in cages alongside the juvenile fish averaged 43% at the end of the 28-d exposure, with a 22-d median survival estimate. The intersex condition, an indicator of endocrine disruption, was not observed in any adult fathead minnow. Contaminant accumulation in surviving fathead minnows was apparent, with highest accumulated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (34.6–93.4 ng/g dry wt), organochlorine pesticides (19.9–66.1 ng/g dry wt), and mercury (0.17–0.63 μg/g dry wt). Contaminants and other water quality stressors in this river system appear to detrimentally impact juvenile fish survival, with presumed effects at the fish assemblage and community levels. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5104","usgsCitation":"Grieshaber, C.A., Cope, W., Kwak, T.J., Penland, T.N., Heise, R., and Law, J., 2021, Survival and contaminants in imperiled and common riverine fishes assessed with an in situ bioassay approach: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 40, no. 8, p. 2206-2219, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5104.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2206","endPage":"2219","ipdsId":"IP-128449","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Yadkin-Pee Dee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.7392578125,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -77.7392578125,\n 34.161818161230386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grieshaber, C. A.","contributorId":275797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grieshaber","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, W. G.","contributorId":275793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cope","given":"W. G.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Penland, T. N.","contributorId":275792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heise, R. J.","contributorId":275798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heise","given":"R. J.","affiliations":[{"id":48960,"text":"Duke Energy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Law, J. M.","contributorId":288662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Law","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70236715,"text":"70236715 - 2021 - Prehistoric earthquakes on the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault, North Palm Springs, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T13:54:15.7826","indexId":"70236715","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T08:49:28","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prehistoric earthquakes on the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault, North Palm Springs, California","docAbstract":"

We studied a paleoseismic trench excavated in 2017 across the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault and herein provide the first detailed record of ground-breaking earthquakes on this important fault in Southern California. The trench exposed an ~40-m-wide fault zone cutting through alluvial sand, gravel, silt, and clay deposits. We evaluated the paleoseismic record using a new metric that combines event indicator quality and stratigraphic uncertainty. The most recent paleoearthquake occurred between 950 and 730 calibrated years B.P. (cal yr B.P.), potentially contemporaneous with the last rupture of the San Gorgonio Pass fault zone. We interpret five surface-rupturing earthquakes since 3.3–2.5 ka and eight earthquakes since 7.1–5.7 ka. It is possible that additional events have occurred but were not recognized, especially in the deeper (older) section of the stratigraphy, which was not fully exposed across the fault zone. We calculated an average recurrence interval of 380–640 yr based on four complete earthquake cycles between earthquakes 1 and 5. The average recurrence interval is thus slightly less than the elapsed time since the most recent event on the Banning strand. The average recurrence interval on the Banning strand is thus intermediate between longer intervals published for the San Gorgonio Pass fault zone (~1600 yr) and shorter intervals on both the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas fault (~215 yr) and the Coachella section (~125 yr) of the San Andreas fault.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02237.1","usgsCitation":"Castillo, B.A., McGill, S.F., Scharer, K., Yule, D., McPhillips, D., McNeil, J., Saha, S., Brown, N.D., and Moon, S., 2021, Prehistoric earthquakes on the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault, North Palm Springs, California: Geosphere, v. 117, no. 3, p. 685-710, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02237.1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"685","endPage":"710","ipdsId":"IP-122126","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02237.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"North Palm Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.08840942382812,\n 33.72776616734189\n ],\n [\n -116.55120849609375,\n 34.028762179464465\n ],\n [\n -116.71463012695311,\n 33.93082707134273\n ],\n [\n -116.23947143554688,\n 33.631772324639655\n ],\n [\n -116.08840942382812,\n 33.72776616734189\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castillo, Bryan A.","contributorId":264628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castillo","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGill, Sally F. 0000-0001-7176-7055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7176-7055","contributorId":264627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGill","given":"Sally","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":36956,"text":"California State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":217361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yule, Doug","contributorId":239568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yule","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36305,"text":"CSU Northridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McPhillips, Devin 0000-0003-1987-9249","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1987-9249","contributorId":217362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhillips","given":"Devin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McNeil, James","contributorId":296611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNeil","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36305,"text":"CSU Northridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Saha, Sourav 0000-0001-7106-2936","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7106-2936","contributorId":264624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saha","given":"Sourav","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, Nathan D. 0000-0002-7385-8679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7385-8679","contributorId":264626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moon, Seulgi 0000-0001-5207-1781","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-1781","contributorId":264625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moon","given":"Seulgi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70221147,"text":"70221147 - 2021 - Measuring adrenal and reproductive hormones in hair from southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T19:02:28.450766","indexId":"70221147","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T08:27:48","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Measuring adrenal and reproductive hormones in hair from southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus)","title":"Measuring adrenal and reproductive hormones in hair from southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus)","docAbstract":"

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) use sea ice to access marine mammal prey. In Alaska’s Southern Beaufort Sea, the declining availability of sea ice habitat in summer and fall has reduced opportunities for polar bears to routinely hunt on the ice for seals, their primary prey. This reduced access to prey may result in physiological stress with subsequent potential consequences to reproductive function (physiological changes that accompany reproduction), which can be measured via reproductive hormones. Hormone concentrations in hair can be used as a minimally invasive alternative to serum concentrations, which must come from animal captures. Hair samples also provide a long-term average measurement of hormone concentrations that is not influenced by short-term fluctuations like that of serum. The aim of this study was (1) to determine if a radioimmunoassay could be used to measure adrenal and reproductive hormones in polar bear hair, and (2) to determine what the relationship is between these hormones and other reproductive, condition, and demographic parameters of polar bears. We successfully validated this method for cortisol, progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone through the analysis of hair and serum of 141 free-ranging polar bears. We found that while hair cannot be used to estimate serum hormone concentrations during the breeding season, hormone concentrations in hair can be used to measure reproductive function in polar bears. Further, our findings support trends in previous studies measuring hormone concentrations in serum. We found that adrenal and some reproductive hormones were positively correlated in hair samples of females. Associations between hormone concentrations in hair and serum did not vary relative to reproductive status of adult females. Serum testosterone increased throughout the breeding season for adult males and was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI). Our research supports the use of hair as a measure of reproductive function in polar bears and allows us to monitor the future effects of climate change on polar bear physiology.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113807","usgsCitation":"Van der Walt, M., Neuman-Lee, L., Terletzky, P., Atwood, T.C., Gese, E., and French, S., 2021, Measuring adrenal and reproductive hormones in hair from southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus): General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 310, 113807, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113807.","productDescription":"113807, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119642","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/2454","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon","otherGeospatial":"Southern Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.5771484375,\n 69.17818443567214\n ],\n [\n -125.3759765625,\n 69.17818443567214\n ],\n [\n -125.3759765625,\n 74.9707914022581\n ],\n [\n -156.5771484375,\n 74.9707914022581\n ],\n [\n -156.5771484375,\n 69.17818443567214\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"310","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van der Walt, Marilize","contributorId":259224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van der Walt","given":"Marilize","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39139,"text":"Utah State University and the Ecology Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuman-Lee, Lorin","contributorId":199061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neuman-Lee","given":"Lorin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terletzky, Patricia","contributorId":199062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Terletzky","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gese, Eric","contributorId":199063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gese","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"French, Susannah","contributorId":199067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"French","given":"Susannah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70222490,"text":"70222490 - 2021 - Riparian forests buffer the negative effects of cropland on macroinvertebrate diversity in lowland Amazonian streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-30T13:04:31.964357","indexId":"70222490","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T08:01:20","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian forests buffer the negative effects of cropland on macroinvertebrate diversity in lowland Amazonian streams","docAbstract":"

Riparian forests regulate stream ecosystems and biodiversity. Therefore, changes to riparian structure may threaten stream ecosystem function by triggering taxonomic and functional changes to aquatic communities. Because macroinvertebrate assemblages are sensitive to environmental changes, they can be effective indicators of stream integrity in disturbed landscapes. To assess the role of riparian forests in maintaining tropical stream communities in areas experiencing large-scale watershed disturbance, we quantified the taxonomic and functional response of stream macroinvertebrate communities to forest clearing in the southeastern Amazon’s agricultural frontier, a region experiencing widespread deforestation. Our results show that watershed deforestation can lead to significant changes in macroinvertebrate richness and community composition. We found a predominance of shredders in forested watersheds; scrapers in cropland watersheds with riparian forests; and collector-filterers in cropland watersheds without riparian forest buffers. Taxonomic composition was controlled by available organic material in forested watersheds and by periphyton in cropland sites regardless of whether they had a riparian buffer. Our results show that the clearing of riparian forests alters food sources supporting aquatic food webs, leading to ecosystem-level shifts through changes in light and temperature dynamics that affect aquatic communities in areas with intense land-use change such as the southeastern Amazon.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-021-04604-y","usgsCitation":"Marques, N.C., Jankowski, K.J., Macedo, M., Juen, L., Luiza-Andrade, A., and Deegan, L.A., 2021, Riparian forests buffer the negative effects of cropland on macroinvertebrate diversity in lowland Amazonian streams: Hydrobiologia, v. 848, p. 3503-3520, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04604-y.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3503","endPage":"3520","ipdsId":"IP-122857","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Tanguro Ranch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -54.140625,\n -20.055931265194438\n ],\n [\n -43.9453125,\n -20.055931265194438\n ],\n [\n -43.9453125,\n -12.297068292853805\n ],\n [\n -54.140625,\n -12.297068292853805\n ],\n [\n -54.140625,\n -20.055931265194438\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"848","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marques, Nubia C.S. 0000-0001-9183-9335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9183-9335","contributorId":261625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marques","given":"Nubia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.S.","affiliations":[{"id":52936,"text":"Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazonia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jankowski, Kathi Jo 0000-0002-3292-4182","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-4182","contributorId":207429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jankowski","given":"Kathi","email":"","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macedo, Marcia N.","contributorId":218934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macedo","given":"Marcia N.","affiliations":[{"id":16705,"text":"Woods Hole Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juen, Leandro 0000-0002-6188-4386","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6188-4386","contributorId":261626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juen","given":"Leandro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52939,"text":"Universidade Federal do Para","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luiza-Andrade, Ana","contributorId":261627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luiza-Andrade","given":"Ana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52939,"text":"Universidade Federal do Para","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Deegan, Linda A.","contributorId":34094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deegan","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27818,"text":"The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory. Woods Hole, MA 02543.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70220449,"text":"70220449 - 2021 - Stopover ecology of red knots in southwestern James Bay during southbound migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T18:53:10.924923","indexId":"70220449","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:57:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stopover ecology of red knots in southwestern James Bay during southbound migration","docAbstract":"

Many shorebirds rely on small numbers of staging sites during long annual migrations. Numerous shorebird species are declining and understanding the importance of these staging sites is important for successful conservation. We surveyed endangered rufa red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) staging in James Bay, Ontario, Canada, during southbound migration in 2017 and 2018. We used mark‐resight data and count data in an integrated Bayesian analysis to quantify migration phenology, estimate passage population size, and model the age structure of the stopover population. Many adult red knots arrived in James Bay in a single wave in early August in 2017, whereas adult red knots arrived in multiple smaller waves in July and mid‐August in 2018. These waves may correspond with breeding phenology where more red knots bred successfully and arrived in one large event in 2017 and the higher number of earlier arrivals in July 2018 may have been failed breeders. We included a binomial generalized linear model in the integrated analysis to estimate that 20% and 10% of staging red knots were juveniles in 2017 and 2018, respectively. In future applications, this method could provide a metric to assess breeding performance and develop our understanding of its role in population declines. Overall, we estimated that up to 23% of the estimated rufa red knot population staged in southwestern James Bay for an average of 10–12 days. The region is a key staging site for endangered red knots and could be included in conservation planning. 

","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22059","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, A., Smith, P., Friis, C., Lyons, J., Aubry, Y., and Nol, E., 2021, Stopover ecology of red knots in southwestern James Bay during southbound migration: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 85, no. 5, p. 932-944, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22059.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"932","endPage":"944","ipdsId":"IP-123446","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"James Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 51.17934297928927\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 51.17934297928927\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 55.229023057406344\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 55.229023057406344\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 51.17934297928927\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Amie 0000-0002-6424-7761","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-7761","contributorId":258022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Amie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36679,"text":"Trent University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Paul","contributorId":147639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friis, Christian","contributorId":194605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friis","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyons, James E. 0000-0002-9810-8751","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9810-8751","contributorId":210574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"James E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aubry, Yves","contributorId":202279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aubry","given":"Yves","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nol, Erica","contributorId":216259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nol","given":"Erica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36679,"text":"Trent University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70220419,"text":"70220419 - 2021 - Differential susceptibility of Yukon River and Salish Sea stocks of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to ichthyophoniasis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-13T12:23:33.882101","indexId":"70220419","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:21:38","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential susceptibility of Yukon River and Salish Sea stocks of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to ichthyophoniasis","docAbstract":"

Preliminary evidence suggests that Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the Yukon River may be more susceptible to Ichthyophonus sp. infections than Chinook from stocks further south. To investigate this hypothesis in a controlled environment, we experimentally challenged juvenile Chinook from the Yukon River and from the Salish Sea with Ichthyophonus sp. and evaluated mortality, infection prevalence and infection load over time. We found that juvenile Chinook salmon from a Yukon River stock were more susceptible to ichthyophoniasis than were those from a Salish Sea stock. After feeding with tissues from infected Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, Chinook salmon from both stocks became infected. The infection was persistent and progressive in Yukon River stock fish, where infections sometimes progressed to mortality, and histological examinations revealed parasite dissemination and proliferation throughout the host tissues. In Salish Sea-origin fish, however, infections were largely transient; host mortalities were rare, and parasite stages were largely cleared from most tissues after 3-4 wk. Susceptibility differences were evidenced by greater cumulative mortality, infection prevalence, parasite density, proportion of fish demonstrating a cellular response, and intensity of the cellular response among fish from the Yukon River stock. These observed differences between Chinook salmon stocks were consistent when parasite exposures occurred in both freshwater and seawater. These results support the hypothesis that a longer-standing host-pathogen relationship, resulting in decreased disease susceptibility, exists among Salish Sea Chinook salmon than among Yukon River conspecifics.

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao03577","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D.G., Conway, C.M., McKibben, C., MacKenzie, A., Hart, L., Groner, M., Purcell, M.K., Gregg, J.L., and Hershberger, P., 2021, Differential susceptibility of Yukon River and Salish Sea stocks of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to ichthyophoniasis: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 144, p. 123-131, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03577.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"131","ipdsId":"IP-122128","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Carla M. 0000-0002-3851-3616 cmconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-3616","contributorId":2946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Carla","email":"cmconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKibben, Constance L.","contributorId":257993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKibben","given":"Constance L.","affiliations":[{"id":52199,"text":"Previously USGS - Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacKenzie, Ashley 0000-0002-7402-7877 amackenzie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7402-7877","contributorId":150817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"Ashley","email":"amackenzie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hart, Lucas M. 0000-0001-7035-8778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7035-8778","contributorId":257994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Lucas M.","affiliations":[{"id":52199,"text":"Previously USGS - Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Groner, Maya 0000-0002-3381-6415","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3381-6415","contributorId":220169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groner","given":"Maya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K. 0000-0003-0154-8433 mpurcell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8433","contributorId":168475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen","email":"mpurcell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gregg, Jacob L. 0000-0001-5328-5482 jgregg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5328-5482","contributorId":203912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Jacob","email":"jgregg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":203322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70221102,"text":"70221102 - 2021 - Runoff response to directional land cover change across reference basins in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-03T11:55:21.447072","indexId":"70221102","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:16:47","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Runoff response to directional land cover change across reference basins in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"

Land cover change plays a critical role in influencing hydrological responses. Change in land cover has impacted runoff across basins with substantial human interference; however, the impacts in basins with minimal human interference have been studied less. In this study, we investigated the impacts of directional land cover changes (forest to/from combined grassland and shrubland) in runoff coefficient (RC; ratio of runoff to precipitation) and runoff volume across 603 low human interference reference basins in the conterminous United States (CONUS). The results indicate basins with significant (p<0.05) increasing trends in runoff and RC were across the northeast and northwest regions of CONUS, and basins with decreasing trends were in the southern CONUS region. A unit percent increase in basin area from grassland and shrubland to forest was associated with a ∼4% decrease in RC across basins with decreasing RC trends. Similarly, a unit percent increase in basin area from forest to a combined grassland and shrubland was associated with a ∼1% increase in RC across increasing RC trend basins. Runoff volume was decreased (increased) by ∼25 × 106 m3 yr−1 (∼9 × 106 m3 yr−1) across basins with decreasing (increasing) trends in runoff and RC. When relating runoff volume with the area of directional land cover changes, each 1 km2 increase in area from grassland and shrubland to forest resulted in a decrease of ∼530,000 m3 runoff volume across basins with decreasing trends. In contrast, each 1 km2 increase in area from forest to grassland and shrubland increased runoff volume by ∼200,000 m3 across increasing trend basins. Basins in the southern region of CONUS were more impacted by runoff parameters (RC and runoff volume) from directional land cover changes than basins in the northern region. The findings of this study are useful for planning and managing water availability for sustainable and adaptive water resources management at regional scales.

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private well water and community water supply arsenic concentrations in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"

Geogenic arsenic contamination typically occurs in groundwater as opposed to surface water supplies. Groundwater is a major source for many community water systems (CWSs) in the United States (US). Although the US Environmental Protection Agency sets the maximum contaminant level (MCL enforceable since 2006: 10 μg/L) for arsenic in CWSs, private wells are not federally regulated. We evaluated county-level associations between modeled values of the probability of private well arsenic exceeding 10 μg/L and CWS arsenic concentrations for 2231 counties in the conterminous US, using time invariant private well arsenic estimates and CWS arsenic estimates for two time periods. Nationwide, county-level CWS arsenic concentrations increased by 8.4 μg/L per 100% increase in the probability of private well arsenic exceeding 10 μg/L for 2006–2008 (the initial compliance monitoring period after MCL implementation), and by 7.3 μg/L for 2009–2011 (the second monitoring period following MCL implementation) (1.1 μg/L mean decline over time). Regional differences in this temporal decline suggest that interventions to implement the MCL were more pronounced in regions served primarily by groundwater. The strong association between private well and CWS arsenic in Rural, American Indian, and Semi Urban, Hispanic counties suggests that future research and regulatory support are needed to reduce water arsenic exposures in these vulnerable subpopulations. This comparison of arsenic exposure values from major private and public drinking water sources nationwide is critical to future assessments of drinking water arsenic exposure and health outcomes.

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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, David","contributorId":257948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":52180,"text":"U.S. Public Health Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bostick, Benjamin","contributorId":257949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bostick","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":40291,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chillrud, Steven","contributorId":225548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chillrud","given":"Steven","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Navas-Acien, Ana","contributorId":257950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Navas-Acien","given":"Ana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52179,"text":"Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nigra, Anne E","contributorId":257951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nigra","given":"Anne E","affiliations":[{"id":52179,"text":"Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70222398,"text":"70222398 - 2021 - Growth and defense characteristics of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var latifolia) in a high-elevation, disturbance-prone mixed-conifer forest in northwestern Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-28T11:53:28.997024","indexId":"70222398","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:11:50","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Growth and defense characteristics of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var latifolia) in a high-elevation, disturbance-prone mixed-conifer forest in northwestern Montana, USA","title":"Growth and defense characteristics of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var latifolia) in a high-elevation, disturbance-prone mixed-conifer forest in northwestern Montana, USA","docAbstract":"

Recent, widespread tree mortality in the western U.S. resulting from changes in climate, pathogens, insect activity, and forest management practices has led to concerns for many ecologically and culturally important species. Within conifers, resin-based defenses have long been recognized as a primary defense mechanism against a variety of insects and pathogens. Oleoresin produced by trees contain complex mixtures of terpenoids that have numerous insecticidal and fungicidal properties. Research has also identified links between resin duct characteristics and increased probability of survival during bark beetle outbreaks. Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a culturally significant high elevation species that provides numerous ecological services within subalpine and alpine ecosystems. Whitebark pine has co-evolved with a suite of biotic and abiotic disturbances. Individual trees allocate resources towards growth and resin-based defenses, making it a good candidate species to evaluate growth and defense relationships and tradeoffs. In this study we compared constitutive resin chemistry, tree growth and resin duct anatomy between similarly aged whitebark and lodgepole pine (P. contorta var latifolia) growing in proximity within a disturbance-prone, mixed-conifer forest in northwestern Montana. These two host species have varying degrees of historical exposure to mountain pine beetle. Our research yields four important findings. First, we did not find evidence of a tradeoff between tree growth and tree defenses (resin duct morphology and resin chemistry). This suggests that trees growing under favorable field conditions can experience high growth rates and still allocate ample resources towards defense. Second, we found that resin ducts and constitutive mono- and sesqui- terpenes were not correlated in lodgepole pine while duct production and area were positively related to constitutive monoterpenes, and duct size and area were positively related to constitutive sesquiterpenes, in whitebark pine. The lack of distinct, consistent relationships between these defensive features suggests that both whitebark and lodgepole pine trees present beetles with numerous, complex combinations of resin-based defenses. Third, based on constitutive terpene profiles, bark beetles are more likely to enter lodgepole pine but more likely to successfully elicit mass attacks in whitebark pine, which agrees with beetle attack and success patterns observed in the field. Fourth, overstory competition, particularly by Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), can influence tree defenses, specifically by reducing constitutive terpene concentrations in lodgepole and whitebark pine. Competitive tree interactions could lead to altered bark beetle-conifer interactions as host and nonhost species migrate in response to changing climate. Our results suggest that strategies designed to support whitebark pine populations can benefit from better understanding interactions among growth, competition and physical and chemical defenses in response to multiple disturbance.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119286","usgsCitation":"Kichas, N., Trowbridge, A.M., Raffa, K.F., Malone, S.C., Hood, S.M., Everett, R.G., McWethy, D.B., and Pederson, G.T., 2021, Growth and defense characteristics of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var latifolia) in a high-elevation, disturbance-prone mixed-conifer forest in northwestern Montana, USA: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 493, 119286, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119286.","productDescription":"119286, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126893","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119286","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.1474609375,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -111.6650390625,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -111.6650390625,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -116.1474609375,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -116.1474609375,\n 47.27922900257082\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"493","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kichas, Nicholas E.","contributorId":261369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kichas","given":"Nicholas E.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trowbridge, Amy M.","contributorId":261371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trowbridge","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raffa, Kenneth F.","contributorId":219903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raffa","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":40094,"text":"Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malone, Shealyn C.","contributorId":261374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Shealyn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hood, Sharon M.","contributorId":221183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Everett, Richard G.","contributorId":221184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Everett","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37636,"text":"Salish Kootenai College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McWethy, David B.","contributorId":207232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McWethy","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70221165,"text":"70221165 - 2021 - When a typical jumper skips: Itineraries and staging habitats used by Red Knots (Calidris canutus piersmai) migrating between northwest Australia and the New Siberian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-06T14:56:44.934507","indexId":"70221165","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:07:45","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"When a typical jumper skips: Itineraries and staging habitats used by Red Knots (Calidris canutus piersmai) migrating between northwest Australia and the New Siberian Islands","docAbstract":"

The ecological reasons for variation in avian migration, with some populations migrating across thousands of kilometres between breeding and non-breeding areas with one or few refuelling stops, in contrast to others that stop more often, remain to be pinned down. Red Knots Calidris canutus are a textbook example of a shorebird species that makes long migrations with only a few stops. Recognizing that such behaviours are not necessarily species-specific but determined by ecological context, we here provide a description of the migrations of a relatively recently described subspecies (piersmai). Based on data from tagging of Red Knots on the terminal non-breeding grounds in northwest Australia with 4.5- and 2.5-g solar-powered Platform Terminal Transmitters (PTTs) and 1.0-g geolocators, we obtained information on 19 route-records of 17 individuals, resulting in seven complete return migrations. We confirm published evidence that Red Knots of the piersmai subspecies migrate from NW Australia and breed on the New Siberian Islands in the Russian Arctic and that they stage along the coasts of southeastern Asia, especially in the northern Yellow Sea in China. Red Knots arrived on the tundra breeding grounds from 8 June onwards. Southward departures mainly occurred in the last week of July and the first week of August. We documented six non-stop flights of over c. 5000 km (with a maximum of 6500 km, lasting 6.6 days). Nevertheless, rather than staging at a single location for multiple weeks halfway during migration, piersmai-knots made several stops of up to a week. This was especially evident during northward migration, when birds often stopped along the way in southeast Asia and ‘hugged’ the coast of China, thus flying an additional 1000–1500 km compared with the shortest possible (great circle route) flights between NW Australia and the Yellow Sea. The birds staged longest in areas in northern China, along the shores of Bohai Bay and upper Liaodong Bay, where the bivalve Potamocorbula laevis, known as a particularly suitable food for Red Knots, was present. The use of multiple food-rich stopping sites during northward migration by piersmai is atypical among subspecies of Red Knots. Although piersmai apparently has the benefit of multiple suitable stopping areas along the flyway, it is a subspecies in decline and their mortality away from the NW Australian non-breeding grounds has been elevated.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ibi.12964","usgsCitation":"Piersma, T., Kok, E., Hassell, C.J., Verkuil, Y.I., Lei, G., Peng, H., Rakhimberdiev, E., Howey, P., Tibbitts, T., Chan, Y., and Karagicheva, J., 2021, When a typical jumper skips: Itineraries and staging habitats used by Red Knots (Calidris canutus piersmai) migrating between northwest Australia and the New Siberian Islands: Ibis, v. 163, no. 4, p. 1235-1251, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12964.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1235","endPage":"1251","ipdsId":"IP-122078","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12964","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia, China, Russia, Vietnam","otherGeospatial":"New Siberian Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 120.234375,\n -19.973348786110602\n ],\n [\n 127.79296875,\n -13.581920900545844\n ],\n [\n 151.69921875,\n 74.86788912917916\n ],\n [\n 137.98828125,\n 76.14295846479848\n ],\n [\n 125.33203125,\n 73.32785809840696\n ],\n [\n 106.171875,\n 11.695272733029402\n ],\n [\n 120.234375,\n -19.973348786110602\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"163","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piersma, Theunis 0000-0001-9668-466X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9668-466X","contributorId":203123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kok, Eva","contributorId":225537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kok","given":"Eva","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hassell, Chris J.","contributorId":127818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassell","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verkuil, Yvonne I.","contributorId":194622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verkuil","given":"Yvonne","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lei, Guangchun","contributorId":259278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lei","given":"Guangchun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Peng, He-Bo","contributorId":218155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peng","given":"He-Bo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39765,"text":"University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research; Fudan University, Shanghai, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rakhimberdiev, Eldar","contributorId":209701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rakhimberdiev","given":"Eldar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Howey, Paul","contributorId":225538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howey","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41157,"text":"Microwave Telemetry Ltd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Karagicheva, Julia","contributorId":209703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karagicheva","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":224104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T. Lee","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Chan, Ying-Chi","contributorId":167762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chan","given":"Ying-Chi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24822,"text":"Department of Marine Ecology, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70220402,"text":"70220402 - 2021 - Activity patterns of anadromous fish below a tide gate: Observations from high‐resolution imaging sonar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-12T12:09:44.909293","indexId":"70220402","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:06:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Activity patterns of anadromous fish below a tide gate: Observations from high‐resolution imaging sonar","docAbstract":"

The construction of dams and tide gates on waterways has altered the physical structure of many coastal, estuarine, and freshwater systems. These changes have come at a cost to fish populations, most notably diadromous species, which rely on connectivity between marine and freshwater systems. These anthropogenic structures can have direct effects on migrating fish, such as blocking fish passage, or have more subtle effects, such as changing movement patterns. This study used a high‐resolution Adaptive Resolution Imaging Sonar to examine the behavior of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis, a large coastal predator, and Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis (collectively known as river herring), which are forage fish, below a tide gate structure on the Herring River in Wellfleet, Massachusetts, during the river herring spring spawning run. Striped Bass were persistently present downstream of the tide gate and exhibited strong diurnal and tidal patterns. Activity of Striped Bass was highest at night and during ebb tides. During peak outflow periods, river herring were observed milling downstream of the dam in a scour pool, indicating delayed upstream passage. River herring upstream migration was primarily associated with daytime and during incoming tides. Downstream‐migrating river herring were primarily observed during nighttime hours. While it was documented that the tide gates provided a physical impediment to migration, their effect on predator behavior could pose an additional challenge to migrating river herring, further complicating their recovery efforts. Due to the prevalence of obstructed waterways, studying the behavior of fish around anthropogenic structures is important in understanding the full range of impacts that these systems have under varying ecological conditions and on ecological relationships.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10149","usgsCitation":"Rillahan, C.B., Alcott, D., Castro-Santos, T.R., and He, P., 2021, Activity patterns of anadromous fish below a tide gate: Observations from high‐resolution imaging sonar: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 13, no. 3, p. 200-212, https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10149.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"212","ipdsId":"IP-122821","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10149","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Wellfleet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.04093170166016,\n 41.921183459336\n ],\n [\n -70.01758575439453,\n 41.921183459336\n ],\n [\n -70.01758575439453,\n 41.94161653083027\n ],\n [\n -70.04093170166016,\n 41.94161653083027\n ],\n [\n -70.04093170166016,\n 41.921183459336\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rillahan, Christopher B.","contributorId":257974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rillahan","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":52192,"text":"SMAST","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alcott, Derrick 0000-0001-7765-1889","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-1889","contributorId":257975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alcott","given":"Derrick","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"He, Pingguo","contributorId":257976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"He","given":"Pingguo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220372,"text":"70220372 - 2021 - The demographic and ecological factors shaping diversification among rare Astragalus species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T14:23:15.719208","indexId":"70220372","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:05:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The demographic and ecological factors shaping diversification among rare Astragalus species","title":"The demographic and ecological factors shaping diversification among rare Astragalus species","docAbstract":"

Aim

Evolutionary radiations are central to the origin and maintenance of biodiversity, yet we rarely understand how they are jointly shaped by demography and ecological opportunity. Astragalus is the largest plant genus in the world and is disproportionately comprised of rare species restricted to narrow geographic and ecological regions. Here, we explored the demographic and ecological mechanisms underlying patterns of diversification in a threatened Astragalus species complex endemic to a small desert region in the western United States.

Location

Southeast Utah, USA.

Methods

We used high‐throughput DNA sequencing to infer genetic structure, genetic diversity, and demographic history (i.e., the timing of population divergence, effective population sizes and gene flow) among Astragalus taxa. We performed landscape genetic analyses to quantify the relationships between genetic differentiation, geographic distance, and ecological distance based on bioclimatic and soil variables. Finally, we identified putative adaptive loci that show higher genetic differentiation between taxa than expected based on our inferred neutral demographic model.

Results

We found evidence of low gene flow between three highly differentiated taxa (currently delineated as A. iselyi, A. sabulosus var. sabulosus and A. sabulosus var. vehiculus) that rapidly diverged from a small ancestral population near the beginning of the last glacial period. Genomic signatures revealed long‐term effective population sizes are 2–10× larger than recent census sizes, perhaps due to the maintenance of standing genetic variation through seed banks. Consistent with limited dispersal and local adaptation, genome‐wide patterns of differentiation are shaped by geographic distance (isolation‐by‐distance) and climate and soil variation (isolation‐by‐environment). Taxon‐specific adaptation is further supported by uncovering putative adaptive loci.

Main Conclusions

Our findings suggest that interactions between demography (i.e., dispersal limitations and seeds banks) and ecological opportunity (i.e., spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity) may promote diversification, endemism, and rarity among closely related Astragalus species and similar plant clades distributed across complex landscapes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13288","usgsCitation":"Jones, M.R., Winkler, D.E., and Massatti, R., 2021, The demographic and ecological factors shaping diversification among rare Astragalus species: Diversity and Distributions, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1407-1421, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13288.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1407","endPage":"1421","ipdsId":"IP-119600","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13288","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93SRC7M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Astragalus species complex genetic data from southeast Utah (Grand County and San Juan County), USA"},{"id":385525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.58837890625,\n 38.229550455326134\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 38.229550455326134\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 39.59722324495565\n ],\n [\n -110.58837890625,\n 39.59722324495565\n ],\n [\n -110.58837890625,\n 38.229550455326134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Matthew Richard 0000-0002-4822-157X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-157X","contributorId":257921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winkler, Daniel E. 0000-0003-4825-9073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-9073","contributorId":206786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Massatti, Robert 0000-0001-5854-5597","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-5597","contributorId":207294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massatti","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221840,"text":"70221840 - 2021 - Artificial lights with different spectra do not alter detrimental attraction of young Chinook salmon and sockeye salmon along lake shorelines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-14T16:24:43.614703","indexId":"70221840","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:01:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial lights with different spectra do not alter detrimental attraction of young Chinook salmon and sockeye salmon along lake shorelines","docAbstract":"

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is common in lakes with developed shorelines, especially prevalent in the nearshore areas where juvenile fishes, including salmonids, are present. One concern is that fishes may be attracted to ALAN and become more vulnerable to predators. The use of longer wavelength lights has been suggested to reduce the effects of ALAN; however, the response in juvenile salmonids is not well known. We tested the hypothesis that longer wavelength lights would attract fewer subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and sockeye salmon (O. nerka) than shorter wavelength lights. Test lights included 4 LED lights, an incandescent light, and a high-pressure sodium light (HPS). In total, 13 experimental trials were conducted in 2017 and 2018, and in total 1769 Chinook salmon and 870 sockeye salmon were collected with beach seines. The mean catch rate (number per beach seine set) of subyearling salmonids was 51.0 for lighted treatments but only 6.6 for control treatments (no light). In both years, we did not find any significant difference in catch rates for either species between either of the longer wavelength lights (red-filter and yellow-filter LED lights) and other lights, and thus we rejected the hypothesis that longer wavelength light would attract fewer subyearling salmonids. For these early life stages of salmon in shallow shoreline habitats, reducing the intensity of light present is likely more important than altering the spectral composition when trying to minimize maladaptive attraction to ALAN.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10402381.2021.1906364","usgsCitation":"Tabor, R.A., Perkin, E.K., Beauchamp, D., Britt, L.L., Haehn, R., Greene, J., Robinson, T., Stolnack, S., Lantz, D.W., and Moore, Z.J., 2021, Artificial lights with different spectra do not alter detrimental attraction of young Chinook salmon and sockeye salmon along lake shorelines: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 37, no. 3, p. 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2021.1906364.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"322","ipdsId":"IP-118912","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lake Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.32589721679688,\n 47.49400862548164\n ],\n [\n -122.15286254882812,\n 47.49400862548164\n ],\n [\n -122.15286254882812,\n 47.76332998647307\n ],\n [\n -122.32589721679688,\n 47.76332998647307\n ],\n [\n -122.32589721679688,\n 47.49400862548164\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tabor, Roger A.","contributorId":178981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tabor","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkin, Elizabeth K","contributorId":260822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkin","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":52677,"text":"McDaniel University, Westminster, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beauchamp, David 0000-0002-3592-8381","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":217816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Britt, Lyle L.","contributorId":260261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Britt","given":"Lyle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":52548,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haehn, Rebecca","contributorId":260823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haehn","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52678,"text":"NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Bldg. 4, Seattle, WA 98115","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greene, John A. 0000-0002-4310-602X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4310-602X","contributorId":200999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greene","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robinson, Timothy J.","contributorId":171636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Timothy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stolnack, Scott","contributorId":260824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolnack","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52679,"text":"King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, 201 South Jackson Street, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98104 - retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lantz, Daniel W","contributorId":260825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lantz","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":52680,"text":"King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, 201 South Jackson Street, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98104","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moore, Zachary J","contributorId":260826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":52681,"text":"King County, 201 South Jackson Street, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98104, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70231639,"text":"70231639 - 2021 - Geomorphic expression and slip rate of the Fairweather fault, southeast Alaska, and evidence for predecessors of the 1958 rupture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-17T11:54:18.758519","indexId":"70231639","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T06:46:51","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic expression and slip rate of the Fairweather fault, southeast Alaska, and evidence for predecessors of the 1958 rupture","docAbstract":"

Active traces of the southern Fairweather fault were revealed by light detection and ranging (lidar) and show evidence for transpressional deformation between North America and the Yakutat block in southeast Alaska. We map the Holocene geomorphic expression of tectonic deformation along the southern 30 km of the Fairweather fault, which ruptured in the 1958 moment magnitude 7.8 earthquake. Digital maps of surficial geology, geomorphology, and active faults illustrate both strike-slip and dip-slip deformation styles within a 10°–30° double restraining bend where the southern Fairweather fault steps offshore to the Queen Charlotte fault. We measure offset landforms along the fault and calibrate legacy 14C data to reassess the rate of Holocene strike-slip motion (≥49 mm/yr), which corroborates published estimates that place most of the plate boundary motion on the Fairweather fault. Our slip-rate estimates allow a component of oblique-reverse motion to be accommodated by contractional structures west of the Fairweather fault consistent with geodetic block models. Stratigraphic and structural relations in hand-dug excavations across two active fault strands provide an incomplete paleoseismic record including evidence for up to six surface ruptures in the past 5600 years, and at least two to four events in the past 810 years. The incomplete record suggests an earthquake recurrence interval of ≥270 years—much longer than intervals <100 years implied by published slip rates and expected earthquake displacements. Our paleoseismic observations and map of active traces of the southern Fairweather fault illustrate the complexity of transpressional deformation and seismic potential along one of Earth's fastest strike-slip plate boundaries.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02299.1","usgsCitation":"Witter, R., Bender, A., Scharer, K., DuRoss, C., Haeussler, P., and Lease, R.O., 2021, Geomorphic expression and slip rate of the Fairweather fault, southeast Alaska, and evidence for predecessors of the 1958 rupture: Geosphere, v. 17, no. 3, p. 711-738, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02299.1.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"711","endPage":"738","ipdsId":"IP-122221","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02299.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q08JGV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Radiocarbon and Luminescence Data for Fairweather Fault Investigation, Glacier Bay National Park, Southeast Alaska"},{"id":400685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.447265625,\n 52.855864177853974\n ],\n [\n -127.705078125,\n 52.855864177853974\n ],\n [\n -127.705078125,\n 62.91523303947614\n ],\n [\n -148.447265625,\n 62.91523303947614\n ],\n [\n -148.447265625,\n 52.855864177853974\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bender, Adrian 0000-0001-7469-1957","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-1957","contributorId":219952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":217361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DuRoss, Christopher 0000-0002-6963-7451 cduross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-7451","contributorId":152321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"Christopher","email":"cduross@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":219956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lease, Richard O. 0000-0003-2582-8966 rlease@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-8966","contributorId":5098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lease","given":"Richard","email":"rlease@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70220335,"text":"70220335 - 2021 - Science storms the cloud","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-07T17:32:07.061842","indexId":"70220335","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-05T11:21:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7751,"text":"AGU Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Science storms the cloud","docAbstract":"

The core tools of science (data, software, and computers) are undergoing a rapid and historic evolution, changing what questions scientists ask and how they find answers. Earth science data are being transformed into new formats optimized for cloud storage that enable rapid analysis of multi-petabyte data sets. Data sets are moving from archive centers to vast cloud data storage, adjacent to massive server farms. Open source cloud-based data science platforms, accessed through a web-browser window, are enabling advanced, collaborative, interdisciplinary science to be performed wherever scientists can connect to the internet. Specialized software and hardware for machine learning and artificial intelligence are being integrated into data science platforms, making them more accessible to average scientists. Increasing amounts of data and computational power in the cloud are unlocking new approaches for data-driven discovery. For the first time, it is truly feasible for scientists to bring their analysis to data in the cloud without specialized cloud computing knowledge. This shift in paradigm has the potential to lower the threshold for entry, expand the science community, and increase opportunities for collaboration while promoting scientific innovation, transparency, and reproducibility. Yet, we have all witnessed promising new tools which seem harmless and beneficial at the outset become damaging or limiting. What do we need to consider as this new way of doing science is evolving?

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020AV000354","usgsCitation":"Gentemann, C., Holdgraf, C., Abernathey, R., Crichton, D., Colliander, J., Kearns, E.J., Panda, Y., and Signell, R.P., 2021, Science storms the cloud: AGU Advances, v. 2, no. 2, e2020AV000354, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020AV000354.","productDescription":"e2020AV000354, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125885","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020av000354","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396797,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gentemann, C. L.","contributorId":257873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gentemann","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[{"id":52149,"text":"Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holdgraf, C.","contributorId":257874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holdgraf","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52151,"text":"2i2c, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abernathey, Ryan","contributorId":257830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abernathey","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52132,"text":"Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crichton, D.","contributorId":257875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crichton","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25664,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Colliander, J","contributorId":257876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colliander","given":"J","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52153,"text":"Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kearns, E. J.","contributorId":257877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kearns","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":52154,"text":"First Street Foundation, Brooklyn, NY,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Panda, Y","contributorId":257878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panda","given":"Y","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52151,"text":"2i2c, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. 0000-0003-0682-9613 rsignell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-9613","contributorId":140906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70220670,"text":"70220670 - 2021 - Weighing the unknowns: Value of information for biological and operational uncertainty in invasion management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-17T15:40:15.787164","indexId":"70220670","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-05T08:01:32","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weighing the unknowns: Value of information for biological and operational uncertainty in invasion management","docAbstract":"
  1. The management of biological invasions is a worldwide conservation priority. Unfortunately, decision-making on optimal invasion management can be impeded by lack of information about the biological processes that determine invader success (i.e. biological uncertainty) or by uncertainty about the effectiveness of candidate interventions (i.e. operational uncertainty). Concurrent assessment of both sources of uncertainty within the same framework can help to optimize control decisions.
  2. Here, we present a Value of Information (VoI) framework to simultaneously analyze the effects of biological and operational uncertainties on management outcomes. We demonstrate this approach with a case study: minimizing the long-term population growth of musk thistle (Carduus nutans), a widespread invasive plant, using several insects as biological control agents, including Trichosirocalus horridus, Rhinocyllus conicus, and Urophora solstitialis.
  3. The ranking of biocontrol agents was sensitive to differences in the target weed’s demography and also to differences in the effectiveness of the different biocontrol agents. This finding suggests that accounting for both biological and operational uncertainties is valuable when making management recommendations for invasion control. Furthermore, our VoI analyses show that reduction of all uncertainties across all combinations of demographic model and biocontrol effectiveness explored in the current study would lead, on average, to a 15.6% reduction in musk thistle population growth rate. The specific growth reduction that would be observed in any instance would depend on how the uncertainties actually resolve. Resolving biological uncertainty (across demographic model combinations) or operational uncertainty (across biocontrol effectiveness combinations) alone would reduce expected population growth rate by 8.5% and 10.5%, respectively.
  4. Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates that intervention rank is determined both by biological processes in the targeted invasive populations and by intervention effectiveness. Ignoring either biological uncertainty or operational uncertainty may result in a sub-optimal recommendation. Therefore, it is important to simultaneously acknowledge both sources of uncertainty during the decision-making process in invasion management. The framework presented here can accommodate diverse data sources and modelling approaches, and has wide applicability to guide invasive species management and conservation efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.13904","usgsCitation":"Li, S., Keller, J., Runge, M.C., and Shea, K., 2021, Weighing the unknowns: Value of information for biological and operational uncertainty in invasion management: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 58, no. 8, p. 1621-1630, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13904.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1621","endPage":"1630","ipdsId":"IP-113967","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13904","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385922,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Shou-Li","contributorId":193644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Shou-Li","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keller, Joseph","contributorId":258286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keller","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shea, Katriona 0000-0002-7607-8248","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7607-8248","contributorId":193646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shea","given":"Katriona","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220336,"text":"70220336 - 2021 - Implications of zoonoses from hunting and use of wildlife in North American arctic and boreal biomes: Pandemic potential, monitoring, and mitigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T12:51:06.137843","indexId":"70220336","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-05T07:44:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1704,"text":"Frontiers in Public Health","onlineIssn":"2296-2565","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of zoonoses from hunting and use of wildlife in North American arctic and boreal biomes: Pandemic potential, monitoring, and mitigation","docAbstract":"

The COVID-19 pandemic has re-focused attention on mechanisms that lead to zoonotic disease spillover and spread. Commercial wildlife trade, and associated markets, are recognized mechanisms for zoonotic disease emergence, resulting in a growing global conversation around reducing human disease risks from spillover associated with hunting, trade, and consumption of wild animals. These discussions are especially relevant to people who rely on harvesting wildlife to meet nutritional, and cultural needs, including those in Arctic and boreal regions. Global policies around wildlife use and trade can impact food sovereignty and security, especially of Indigenous Peoples. We reviewed known zoonotic pathogens and current risks of transmission from wildlife (including fish) to humans in North American Arctic and boreal biomes, and evaluated the epidemic and pandemic potential of these zoonoses. We discuss future concerns, and consider monitoring and mitigation measures in these changing socio-ecological systems. While multiple zoonotic pathogens circulate in these systems, risks to humans are mostly limited to individual illness or local community outbreaks. These regions are relatively remote, subject to very cold temperatures, have relatively low wildlife, domestic animal, and pathogen diversity, and in many cases low density, including of humans. Hence, favorable conditions for emergence of novel diseases or major amplification of a spillover event are currently not present. The greatest risk to northern communities from pathogens of pandemic potential is via introduction with humans visiting from other areas. However, Arctic and boreal ecosystems are undergoing rapid changes through climate warming, habitat encroachment, and development; all of which can change host and pathogen relationships, thereby affecting the probability of the emergence of new (and re-emergence of old) zoonoses. Indigenous leadership and engagement in disease monitoring, prevention and response, is vital from the outset, and would increase the success of such efforts, as well as ensure the protection of Indigenous rights as outlined in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Partnering with northern communities and including Indigenous Knowledge Systems would improve the timeliness, and likelihood, of detecting emerging zoonotic risks, and contextualize risk assessments to the unique human-wildlife relationships present in northern biomes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2021.627654","usgsCitation":"Keatts, L., Robards, M.D., Olson, S.H., Hueffer, K., Insley, S., Joly, D.O., Kutz, S., Lee, D.S., Chetkiewicz, C.B., Lair, S., Preston, N.D., Pruvot, M., Ray, J.C., Reid, D., Sleeman, J.M., Stimmelmayr, R., Stephen, C., and Walzer, C., 2021, Implications of zoonoses from hunting and use of wildlife in North American arctic and boreal biomes: Pandemic potential, monitoring, and mitigation: Frontiers in Public Health, v. 9, 627654, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.627654.","productDescription":"627654, 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124324","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.627654","text":"Publisher Index 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Donald","contributorId":257888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reid","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52156,"text":"Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sleeman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-9910-6125 jsleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-6125","contributorId":128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jsleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":82110,"text":"Midcontinent Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Stimmelmayr, Raphaela","contributorId":201124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stimmelmayr","given":"Raphaela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Stephen, Craig","contributorId":168939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephen","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Walzer, Chris","contributorId":225489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walzer","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":41133,"text":"1Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, New York, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70220342,"text":"70220342 - 2021 - Enigmatic near‐extirpation in a boreal toad metapopulation in northwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T18:50:49.116536","indexId":"70220342","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-05T07:21:17","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enigmatic near‐extirpation in a boreal toad metapopulation in northwestern Montana","docAbstract":"

North America's protected lands harbor biodiversity and provide habitats where species threatened by a variety of stressors in other environments can thrive. Yet disease, climate change, and other threats are not limited by land management boundaries and can interact with conditions within protected landscapes to affect sensitive populations. We examined the population dynamics of a boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) metapopulation at a wildlife refuge in northwestern Montana, USA, over a 16‐year period (2003–2018). We used robust design capture‐recapture models to estimate male population size, recruitment, and apparent survival over time and in relation to the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). We estimated female population size in years with sufficient captures. Finally, we examined trends in male and female toad body size and condition. We found no evidence of an effect of disease or time on male toad survival but detected a strong negative trend in recruitment of new males to the population. Estimates of male and female abundance decreased over time. Body size of males and females was inversely related to estimated population size, consistent with reduced recruitment to replace adults, but body condition of adult males was only weakly associated with abundance. Together, these results describe the demography of a near‐extirpation event, and point to dramatic decreases in the recruitment of new individuals to the breeding population as the cause of this decline. We surmise that processes related to the restoration of historical hydrology within the refuge adversely affected amphibian breeding habitat, and that these changes interacted with disease, life history, and other factors to restrict the recruitment of new individuals to the breeding population over time. Our results point to challenges in understanding and predicting factors that influence population change and highlight that current metrics for assessing population status can have limited predictive ability. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22054","usgsCitation":"McCaffery, R.M., Russell, R., and Hossack, B., 2021, Enigmatic near‐extirpation in a boreal toad metapopulation in northwestern Montana: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 85, no. 5, p. 953-963, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22054.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"953","endPage":"963","ipdsId":"IP-118503","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9C2VSF8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mark-recapture data for a boreal toad metapopulation at the Lost Trail National Wildlife Refuge, Montana (2003-2018)"},{"id":385471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Lost Trail National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.99732971191406,\n 48.125767833701666\n ],\n [\n -114.7467041015625,\n 48.125767833701666\n ],\n [\n -114.7467041015625,\n 48.21231998069736\n ],\n [\n -114.99732971191406,\n 48.21231998069736\n ],\n [\n -114.99732971191406,\n 48.125767833701666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCaffery, Rebecca M. 0000-0002-0396-0387","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-0387","contributorId":211539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffery","given":"Rebecca","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, Robin E. 0000-0001-8726-7303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7303","contributorId":219536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Robin E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":229347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70224616,"text":"70224616 - 2021 - Incorporating biogeochemistry into dryland restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-30T11:47:13.716736","indexId":"70224616","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-05T06:46:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating biogeochemistry into dryland restoration","docAbstract":"

Dryland degradation is a persistent and accelerating global problem. Although the mechanisms initiating and maintaining dryland degradation are largely understood, returning productivity and function through ecological restoration remains difficult. Water limitation commonly drives slow recovery rates within drylands; however, the altered biogeochemical cycles that accompany degradation also play key roles in limiting restoration outcomes. Addressing biogeochemical changes and resource limitations may help improve restoration efforts within this difficult-to-restore biome. In the present article, we present a synthesis of restoration literature that identifies multiple ways biogeochemical understandings might augment dryland restoration outcomes, including timing restoration around resource cycling and uptake, connecting heterogeneous landscapes, manipulating resource pools, and using organismal functional traits to a restoration advantage. We conclude by suggesting ways to incorporate biogeochemistry into existing restoration frameworks and discuss research directions that may help improve restoration outcomes in the world's highly altered dryland landscapes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biab043","usgsCitation":"Young, K.E., Reed, S., Ferrenberg, S., Faist, A.M., Winkler, D.E., Cort, C.E., and Darrouzet-Nardi, A., 2021, Incorporating biogeochemistry into dryland restoration: BioScience, v. 71, no. 9, p. 907-917, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab043.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"907","endPage":"917","ipdsId":"IP-118718","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8407968","text":"External Repository"},{"id":390024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Kristina E.","contributorId":210572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38116,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":205372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrenberg, Scott","contributorId":217143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrenberg","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":39569,"text":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88001, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Faist, Akasha M.","contributorId":193038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faist","given":"Akasha","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winkler, Daniel E. 0000-0003-4825-9073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-9073","contributorId":206786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cort, Catherine E.","contributorId":210573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cort","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38116,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony adarrouzet-nardi@usgs.gov","contributorId":207292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darrouzet-Nardi","given":"Anthony","email":"adarrouzet-nardi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70221510,"text":"70221510 - 2021 - Trends in agricultural triazole fungicide sse in the United States, 1992–2016 and possible implications for antifungal-resistant fungi in human disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-24T13:22:15.244263","indexId":"70221510","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-05T06:44:38","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in agricultural triazole fungicide sse in the United States, 1992–2016 and possible implications for antifungal-resistant fungi in human disease","docAbstract":"

Background:

The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is the leading cause of invasive mold infections, which cause severe disease and death in immunocompromised people. Use of triazole antifungal medications in recent decades has improved patient survival; however, triazole-resistant infections have become common in parts of Europe and are emerging in the United States. Triazoles are also a class of fungicides used in plant agriculture, and certain triazole-resistant A. fumigatus strains found causing disease in humans have been linked to environmental fungicide use.

Objectives:

We examined U.S. temporal and geographic trends in the use of triazole fungicides using U.S. Geological Survey agricultural pesticide use estimates.

Discussion:

Based on our analysis, overall tonnage of triazole fungicide use nationwide was relatively constant during 1992–2005 but increased &gt;4-fold\">>4-fold>4-fold during 2006–2016 to 2.9&#x2009;million&#x2009;kg\">2.9 million kg2.9 million kg in 2016. During 1992–2005, triazole fungicide use occurred mostly in orchards and grapes, wheat, and other crops, but recent increases in use have occurred primarily in wheat, corn, soybeans, and other crops, particularly in Midwest and Southeast states. We conclude that, given the chemical similarities between triazole fungicides and triazole antifungal drugs used in human medicine, increased monitoring for environmental and clinical triazole resistance in A. fumigatus would improve overall understanding of these interactions, as well as help identify strategies to mitigate development and spread of resistance.

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