The dynamics of a wintering population of Black—capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus) were studied from 1958—1983 using capture—recapture methods. The Jolly—Seber model was used to obtain annual estimates of population size, survival rate, and recruitment. The average estimated population size over this period was °160 birds. The average estimated number of new birds entering the population each year and alive at the time of sampling was °57. The arithmetic mean annual survival rate estimate was °0.59. We tested hypothesis about possible relationships between these population parameters and (1) the natural introduction of Tufted Titmice (Parus bicolor) to the area, (2) the clear—cutting of portions of nearby red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations, and (3) natural variations in winter temperatures. The chickadee population exhibited a substantial short—term decline following titmouse establishment, produced by decreases in both survival rate and number of new recruits. Survival rate decline somewhat after the initiation of the pine clear—cutting, but population size was very similar before and after clear—cutting. Weighted least squares analyses provided no evidence of a relationship between survival rate and either of two winter temperature variables.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1939172","usgsCitation":"Loery, G., and Nichols, J., 1985, Dynamics of a black-capped chickadee population, 1958-1983: Ecology, v. 66, no. 4, p. 1195-1203, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939172.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1195","endPage":"1203","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196484,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62eeaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loery, G.","contributorId":46182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loery","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70231702,"text":"70231702 - 1985 - Using satellite data for mapping and monitoring vegetation resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T15:10:45.574202","indexId":"70231702","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-01T09:56:20","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using satellite data for mapping and monitoring vegetation resources","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing applications for consumptive use (evapotranspiration)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"21st American Water Resources Association Conference and Symposium","conferenceDate":"August 11-16, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Tucson, Arizona, United States","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Haas, R.H., 1985, Using satellite data for mapping and monitoring vegetation resources, in Remote sensing applications for consumptive use (evapotranspiration), v. 6, Tucson, Arizona, United States, August 11-16, 1985, p. 51-64.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haas, R. H.","contributorId":57456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14248,"text":"ofr84819 - 1985 - Ground-water data for the alluvial, buried channel, Basel Pleistocene and Dakota aquifer in west-central Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-24T20:10:09.628205","indexId":"ofr84819","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-819","title":"Ground-water data for the alluvial, buried channel, Basel Pleistocene and Dakota aquifer in west-central Iowa","docAbstract":"The purpose of this investigation was to determine the availability, quantity and quality of groundwater from three principal aquifers in West-Central Iowa, the alluvial, buried channel, Basal Pleistocene and the Dakota aquifers. Specific objectives were to: (1) determine the location, extent and the nature of these aquifers; (2) evaluate the occurrence and movement of groundwater, including the sources of recharge and discharge; (3) estimate the quantities of water stored in the aquifers; (4) estimate the potential yields of wells tapping the aquifers; (5) estimate the water use; and (6) describe the chemical quality of the groundwater. This report is the compilation of the data collected during the investigation and has the purpose of providing a reference for an interpretive report describing groundwater resources and a bedrock topography map of the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr84819","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hunt, P.K., and Runkle, D.L., 1985, Ground-water data for the alluvial, buried channel, Basel Pleistocene and Dakota aquifer in west-central Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-819, iv, 168 p. **PUBLICATION PAGES ARE IN INCORRECT ORDER**, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84819.","productDescription":"iv, 168 p. **PUBLICATION PAGES ARE IN INCORRECT ORDER**","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":144681,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0819/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42934,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0819/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.5,41.5 ], [ -96.5,42.5 ], [ -94,42.5 ], [ -94,41.5 ], [ -96.5,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d63d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Pamela K. B.","contributorId":89142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"K. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkle, Donna L. dlrunkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkle","given":"Donna","email":"dlrunkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":169148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186162,"text":"70186162 - 1985 - Biogeochemistry of aquatic humic substances in Thoreau's Bog, Concord, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:44:48","indexId":"70186162","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemistry of aquatic humic substances in Thoreau's Bog, Concord, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Thoreau's Bog is an ombrotrophic floating—mat Sphagnum bog developed in a glacial kettlehole and surrounded by a red maple swamp. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in the porewater of the bog average 36 mg/L and are greatest near the surface, especially during late summer. This distribution suggest that the upper layer of living and dead Sphagnum and moderately humified peat is the major site of dissolved organic material production in the bog. The dissolved organic material consists mainly of aquatic fulvic acid (67%) and hydrophilic acids (20%); these organic acids control the pH (typically 4 or somewhat lower) of the bogwater. The elemental, amino acid, carbohydrate, and carboxylic acid contents of fulvic acid from the bog are similar to those of aquatic fulvic acid from the nearby Shawsheen River, although the phenolic hydroxyl content of fulvic acid from Thoreau's Bog is higher. The hydrophilic acids have greater amino acid, carbohydrate, and carboxylic acid contents than the fulvic acid, consistent with the hypothesis that hydrophilic acids are more labile intermediate compounds in the formation of fulvic acid.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/1939187","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Thurman, E.M., Wershaw, R.L., and Hemond, H., 1985, Biogeochemistry of aquatic humic substances in Thoreau's Bog, Concord, Massachusetts: Ecology, v. 66, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939187.","productDescription":"14 p. ","endPage":"1339","numberOfPages":"1352","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Concord ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.37353897094727,\n 42.44537470235299\n ],\n [\n -71.31912231445312,\n 42.44537470235299\n ],\n [\n -71.31912231445312,\n 42.47475584135045\n ],\n [\n -71.37353897094727,\n 42.47475584135045\n ],\n [\n -71.37353897094727,\n 42.44537470235299\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1954e4b02ff32c699cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":687719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hemond, Herold","contributorId":190186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemond","given":"Herold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171486,"text":"70171486 - 1985 - Application of a ground-water flow digital model in evaluating alternate dewatering systems in the Río Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T14:34:13","indexId":"70171486","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-17T10:45:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Application of a ground-water flow digital model in evaluating alternate dewatering systems in the Río Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley, Puerto Rico","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Water Resources Association, Technical Publication Series TPS-85-1","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Tropical Hydrology and Second Caribbean Islands Water-Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"May 5-8, 1985","conferenceLocation":"San Juan, Puerto Rico","language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","issn":"0731-9789","usgsCitation":"Quinones-Aponte, V., and Heriberto Torres-Sierra, 1985, Application of a ground-water flow digital model in evaluating alternate dewatering systems in the Río Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley, Puerto Rico, in American Water Resources Association, Technical Publication Series TPS-85-1, San Juan, Puerto Rico, May 5-8, 1985, p. 129-134.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"134","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500732e4b0ee97d51bb3ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinones-Aponte, Vicente","contributorId":48552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones-Aponte","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heriberto Torres-Sierra","contributorId":141082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heriberto Torres-Sierra","affiliations":[{"id":12608,"text":"USGS, retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211187,"text":"70211187 - 1985 - Rate and depth of pedogenic-carbonate accumulation in soils: Formation and testing of a compartment model.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T18:10:30.180814","indexId":"70211187","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-16T12:24:38","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rate and depth of pedogenic-carbonate accumulation in soils: Formation and testing of a compartment model.","docAbstract":"The rate and depth of pedogenic carbonate accumulation in soils formed in Quaternary alluvium may be viewed as a theoretical problem that involves the mutual interaction of several independent and dependent soil-forming variables. We propose a model for carbonate accumulation in which the soil column is defined by a vertical sequence of 1-cm2-area compartments, each with a specified texture, bulk density, water-holding content, lithologic and mineralogic composition, soil-air pCO2, ionic strength, and temperature. On the basis of these data, rates of carbonate solubility and dissolution within a given compartment are determined. In arkosic to lithic arkosic sandy parent materials, high carbonate solubility (0.137 to 0.212 mg/ml) and the large reactive surface area of eolian calcareous dust result in rapid carbonate dissolution (0.79 to 9.92 × 10−10 g/cm2/sec) that promotes rapid translocation of carbonate by infiltrating water. We derive a group of equations and use them to calculate net carbonate depletion or accumulation in a soil compartment over an interval of time as a function of the independent variables temperature and precipitation. These two variables largely determine or strongly influence soil-water balance, the external carbonate influx rate, and carbonate solubility.
The carbonate distribution that our model predicts closely resembles the observed carbonate distribution in soils associated with Holocene deposits forming in arid, hyperthermic to xeric, thermic moisture-temperature regimes in southern California. This modeling indicates that with a mean carbonate influx rate of 1 × 10−4 g/cm2/yr and in a semiarid, thermic climate, the maximum depression of the top of the Cca horizon is attained within only a few thousand years. In contrast, given the same influx rate, our model predicts that a noncalcareous B horizon cannot form in an arid, hyperthermic climate, a conclusion supported by field and laboratory studies of calcic soils in this climate.
The influence of glacial-to-interglacial climatic changes on carbonate accumulation can be modeled by calculating latest Pleistocene soil-water balance with the aid of published estimates of full-glacial temperature and precipitation. On the basis of these modeling results, we propose that either of two types of glacial-to-interglacial climatic changes may account for the strongly bimodal, apparently polygenetic carbonate distribution that is observed in late Pleistocene soils of the eastern Mojave Desert of southern California. Such results of compartment-strategy modeling are encouraging and indicate the great potential of combined theoretical and empirical methods for considering pedological problems of interest to Quaternary geologists.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE203-p23","usgsCitation":"McFadden, L.D., and Tinsley, J., 1985, Rate and depth of pedogenic-carbonate accumulation in soils: Formation and testing of a compartment model.: GSA Special Papers, v. 203, p. 23-41, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE203-p23.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"41","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"203","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McFadden, Leslie D.","contributorId":139971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFadden","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13339,"text":"University of New Mexico, Albuquerque","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinsley, John jtinsley@usgs.gov","contributorId":140545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"John","email":"jtinsley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70231501,"text":"70231501 - 1985 - Assessment and monitoring of sedimentation in the Aswan High Dam Reservoir using Landsat imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-11T17:03:42.23185","indexId":"70231501","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-11T11:31:40","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessment and monitoring of sedimentation in the Aswan High Dam Reservoir using Landsat imagery","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.105.1985","usgsCitation":"de Graciansky, P., and Poag, C., 1985, Site 550: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 80, no. 1, p. 251-355, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.105.1985.","productDescription":"105 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"355","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.105.1985","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Site 550","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -28.125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -5.2734375,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -5.2734375,\n 63.860035895395306\n ],\n [\n -28.125,\n 63.860035895395306\n ],\n [\n -28.125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"de Graciansky, P.C.","contributorId":228807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Graciansky","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poag, Claude (Wylie) 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":195779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"Claude (Wylie)","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210943,"text":"70210943 - 1985 - Appendix I. Physical properties and correlation of seismic profiles with drilling results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T14:29:26.932542","indexId":"70210943","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-07T11:51:11","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appendix I. Physical properties and correlation of seismic profiles with drilling results","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.app1.1985","usgsCitation":"Montadert, L., and Poag, C., 1985, Appendix I. Physical properties and correlation of seismic profiles with drilling results: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 80, no. 2, p. 1219-1248, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.app1.1985.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1219","endPage":"1248","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.app1.1985","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montadert, Lucien","contributorId":228846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montadert","given":"Lucien","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poag, Claude (Wylie) 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":195779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"Claude (Wylie)","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210942,"text":"70210942 - 1985 - Environmental trends among Neogene benthic foraminifers at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 548, Irish continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T14:30:43.203577","indexId":"70210942","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-07T11:37:53","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental trends among Neogene benthic foraminifers at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 548, Irish continental margin","docAbstract":"An analysis of diversity and abundance trends among all benthic foraminiferal genera and species, and particularly among species of Bolivina, was carried out for 59 samples of Neogene sediment from DSDP-IPOD Site 548, Goban Spur. By correlating these census data with lithological, geophysical, geochemical, and other faunal and floral measurements in the same stratigraphic interval, a record of irregularly fluctuating cycles was compiled. We interpret them as indicators of relative sea level. High sea levels are characterized by pelagic sedimentation and by high generic and total species diversities. During low sea level, diversity values were lower, and the accumulation of terrigenous detritus was more prevalent at the site. A sequence recording five highstands and five lowstands is interrupted by four unconformities in a scenario remarkably similar to that postulated in the work of P. R. Vail and his colleagues. Bolivina species diversity also varied cyclically. We interpret diversity of Bolivina species as a measure of relative oxygen and nutrient content at the water/sediment interface; high diversity indicates the presence of an oxygen-minimum layer, accompanied by nutrient enrichment. Our data show that this property generally varied directly with sea level, but sometimes varied independently.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.112.1985","usgsCitation":"Poag, C., and Low, D., 1985, Environmental trends among Neogene benthic foraminifers at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 548, Irish continental margin: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 80, no. 1, p. 489-503, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.112.1985.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"503","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.112.1985","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Irish Continental","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -30.585937499999996,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n -8.349609375,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n -8.349609375,\n 63.860035895395306\n ],\n [\n -30.585937499999996,\n 63.860035895395306\n ],\n [\n -30.585937499999996,\n 50.51342652633956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, Claude (Wylie) 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":195779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"Claude (Wylie)","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Low, Doris","contributorId":108102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Doris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":792249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210916,"text":"70210916 - 1985 - Drilling on the Goban Spur: Objectives, regional geological setting, and operational summary.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T13:25:41.389944","indexId":"70210916","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-02T14:55:31","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drilling on the Goban Spur: Objectives, regional geological setting, and operational summary.","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.101.1985","usgsCitation":"de Graciansky, P., Poag, C., and Foss, G., 1985, Drilling on the Goban Spur: Objectives, regional geological setting, and operational summary.: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 80, p. 5-13, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.101.1985.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.101.1985","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Goban Spur","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -11.337890625,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -3.69140625,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -3.69140625,\n 52.16045455774706\n ],\n [\n -11.337890625,\n 52.16045455774706\n ],\n [\n -11.337890625,\n 48.3416461723746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"de Graciansky, P.C.","contributorId":228807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Graciansky","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poag, Claude (Wylie) 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":195779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"Claude (Wylie)","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foss, Glen","contributorId":228810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foss","given":"Glen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222019,"text":"5222019 - 1985 - Effects of fluoride on screech owl reproduction: Teratological evaluation, growth, and blood chemistry in hatchlings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-12T15:09:35.018943","indexId":"5222019","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3611,"text":"Toxicology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fluoride on screech owl reproduction: Teratological evaluation, growth, and blood chemistry in hatchlings","docAbstract":"The effects on reproduction in screech owls (Otus asio) of chronic dietary sodium fluoride administration at 0, 40, and 200 ppm were examined. Fluoride at 40 ppm resulted in a significantly smaller egg volume, while 200 ppm also resulted in lower egg weights and lengths. Day-one hatchlings in the 200 ppm group weighed almost 10% less than controls and had shorter crown-rump lengths. No gross abnormalities were apparent. Skeletal clearing and staining revealed significantly shorter tibiotarsus lengths in the 40 ppm and 200 ppm groups and a shorter radius-ulna length in the 200 ppm group. By 7 days of age, body weights and lengths did not differ from controls, but the tibiotarsus in the 200 ppm group remained shorter. No significant differences were detected in hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma calcium or alkaline phosphatase. Plasma phosphorus levels were higher in the 40 ppm group than in controls.
These results, in combination with the findings of Pattee et al. [25], revealed significant impairment of overall reproduction, suggesting that sodium fluoride could cause slight to moderate reproduction disorders in owls in fluoride-polluted areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0378-4274(85)90179-1","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Pattee, O.H., and Wiemeyer, S.N., 1985, Effects of fluoride on screech owl reproduction: Teratological evaluation, growth, and blood chemistry in hatchlings: Toxicology Letters, v. 26, no. 1, p. 19-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(85)90179-1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"24","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197803,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6144e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pattee, O. H.","contributorId":46459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattee","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210899,"text":"70210899 - 1985 - Biostratigraphy, paleoenvironmental, and paleomagnetic synthesis of the Goban Spur region, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 80","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T13:27:24.914928","indexId":"70210899","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-01T14:43:04","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biostratigraphy, paleoenvironmental, and paleomagnetic synthesis of the Goban Spur region, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 80","docAbstract":"A composite stratigraphic section based on the four DSDP-IPOD Leg 80 drill sites provides a nearly complete record of syn-rift and post-rift events in the vicinity of Goban Spur. Syn-rift sediments were deposited in marginal marine to outer shelf environments. Above the \"breakup\" unconformity (hiatus spanning most of the Aptian), post-rift Albian sediments indicate the development of a deep-water seaway in the Goban Spur region. The latest Campanian/Maestrichtian interval records the initiation of rather uniform, widely distributed marine sedimentation throughout the region. Climatic changes, rather than changes in water depth, became conspicuous during the Tertiary. Widespread, nearly synchronous periods of nondeposition or erosion occurred in the Paleocene, middle Eocene, middle Oligocene, and late Miocene. Differences in the sediment record among sites are due to their varying positions (1) along the margin of the developing Atlantic seaway and (2) within their respective half-graben depositional basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.157.1985","usgsCitation":"Snyder, S.W., Muller, C., Townsend, H., and Poag, C., 1985, Biostratigraphy, paleoenvironmental, and paleomagnetic synthesis of the Goban Spur region, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 80: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 80, p. 1169-1186, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.157.1985.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1169","endPage":"1186","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.157.1985","text":"External Repository"},{"id":376096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Goban Spur","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -12.3486328125,\n 46.84516443029276\n ],\n [\n -5.295410156249999,\n 46.84516443029276\n ],\n [\n -5.295410156249999,\n 51.72702815704774\n ],\n [\n -12.3486328125,\n 51.72702815704774\n ],\n [\n -12.3486328125,\n 46.84516443029276\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Scott W.","contributorId":101109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muller, C.","contributorId":65227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Townsend, Hilary","contributorId":228806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Townsend","given":"Hilary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poag, Claude (Wylie) 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":195779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"Claude (Wylie)","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210017,"text":"70210017 - 1985 - Inversion of seismic refraction data in planar dipping structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T20:01:07.158421","indexId":"70210017","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-01T08:11:02","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inversion of seismic refraction data in planar dipping structure","docAbstract":"A new method is presented for the direct inversion of seismic refraction data in dipping planar structure. Three recording geometries, each consisting of two common-shot profiles, are considered: reversed, split, and roll-along profiles. Inversion is achieved via slant stacking the common-shot wavefield to obtain a delay time—slowness (tau—p) wavefield. The tau—p curves from two shotpoints describing the critical raypath of refracted and post-critically reflected arrivals are automatically picked using coherency measurements and the two curves are jointly used to calculate velocity and dip of isovelocity lines iteratively, thereby obtaining the final two-dimensional velocity model.
This procedure has been successfully applied to synthetic seismograms calculated for a dipping structure and to field data from central California. The results indicate that direct inversion of closely-spaced refraction/wide-aperture reflection data can practically be achieved in laterally inhomogeneous structures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1985.tb05129.x","usgsCitation":"Milkereit, B., Mooney, W.D., and Kohler, W., 1985, Inversion of seismic refraction data in planar dipping structure: Geophysical Journal International, v. 82, no. 1, p. 81-103, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1985.tb05129.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"103","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1985.tb05129.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":374595,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milkereit, Bernd","contributorId":62752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milkereit","given":"Bernd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kohler, W.M.","contributorId":62999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001568,"text":"1001568 - 1985 - An evaluation of condition indices for birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T15:57:40.789422","indexId":"1001568","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of condition indices for birds","docAbstract":"A Lipid Index, the ratio of fat to fat-free dry weight, is proposed as a measure of fat stores in birds. The estimation of the index from field measurements of live birds is illustrated with data on the sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) and greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons). Of the various methods of assessing fat stores, lipid extraction is the most accurate but also the most involved. Water extraction is a simpler laboratory method that provides a good index to fat and can be calibrated to serve as an estimator. Body weight itself is often inadequate as a condition index, but scaling by morphological measurements can markedly improve its value.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801673","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., Krapu, G.L., Reinecke, K., and Jorde, D., 1985, An evaluation of condition indices for birds: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 49, no. 3, p. 569-575, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801673.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"575","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6849c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L. 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":3074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinecke, Kenneth J.","contributorId":340946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Kenneth J.","affiliations":[{"id":81683,"text":"Patuxent Retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorde, Dennis G. djorde@usgs.gov","contributorId":12804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorde","given":"Dennis G.","email":"djorde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012191,"text":"70012191 - 1985 - The occurrence of extractable elements in soils from the northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T16:00:02.504273","indexId":"70012191","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The occurrence of extractable elements in soils from the northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"The modes of occurrence of extractable elements from 21 A and C horizon samples of uncultivated soils were examined using R-mode factor analysis. The extractants (DTPA, EDTA, HCl, hydroquinone, magnesium nitrate, and ammonium oxalate) cover a wide range of chemical attack. Four major elements (Ca, K, Mg, and Na) and eight trace elements (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined in each extractant solution. A variety of chemical, mineralogical, and physical variables were also determined on each sample. Four varimax factors (clay, organic, Fe and Mn oxides, and soluble-Na) accounted for 74.2% of the total variance of the 90 variables for the A horizon. Seven varimax factors (Fe and Mn oxides, clay, CEC, soluble-Na, organic, Fe and Mn, and plagioclase) accounted for 77.2% of the total variance of the 79 variables for the C horizon. A and C horizon extractable trace elements are most generally related to Fe and Mn oxides, as indicated by loadings on the Fe and Mn oxide factor for both the A and C horizons. Each extractant generally operates on different modes of occurrence of an element in soil. For example, substantial differences occur between the HCl-, oxalate-, and hydroquinone-extractable trace elements. However, the modes of occurrence for trace elements removed by DTPA and EDTA were very similar, suggesting strong relationships between elements dissolved by these two extractants. The modes of occurrence for each individual major element are similar with each of the six extractants. A horizon Ca and Mg, and C horizon K and Mg are strongly related to a clay factor. C horizon Ca and A horizon K are strongly related to the CEC and organic factors, respectively. Both A and C horizon extractable Na are very strongly related to the soluble-Na factor. These results suggest that extractable major elements are water-soluble and are associated with the constituents that are responsible for that factor. Consequently, strong relationships should occur for any individual major element dissolved by any pair of extractants.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040017x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"McNeal, J., Severson, R.C., and Gough, L.P., 1985, The occurrence of extractable elements in soils from the northern Great Plains: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 49, no. 4, p. 873-881, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040017x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"873","endPage":"881","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"northern Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.020405371633,\n 50.60237281791913\n ],\n [\n -110.020405371633,\n 43.001994343510944\n ],\n [\n -101.19016086453725,\n 43.001994343510944\n ],\n [\n -101.19016086453725,\n 50.60237281791913\n ],\n [\n -110.020405371633,\n 50.60237281791913\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae3ee4b08c986b323f73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNeal, J.M.","contributorId":61817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeal","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, Larry P. lgough@usgs.gov","contributorId":1230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"Larry","email":"lgough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":362962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012716,"text":"70012716 - 1985 - Use of Peltier coolers as soil heat flux transducers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T15:53:20.248482","indexId":"70012716","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of Peltier coolers as soil heat flux transducers","docAbstract":"Peltier coolers were modified and calibrated to serve as soil heat flux transducers. The modification was to fill their interiors with epoxy. The average calibration constant on 21 units was 13.6 ± 0.8 kW m−2 V−1 at 20°C. This sensitivity is about eight times that of the two thermopile transducers with which comparisons were made. The temperature coefficients of the Peltier cooler transducers avg −0.034 kW m−2 V−1 °C−1, whereas those of the two thermopile transducers were only 25% as large, relative to their calibration constants. The thermal conductivity of the Peltier cooler transducers was 0.4 W m−1 °C−1, which is comparable to that of dry soil. The cost of an unmodified Peltier cooler is around 20 dollars.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040054x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Weaver, H.L., and Campbell, G.S., 1985, Use of Peltier coolers as soil heat flux transducers: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 49, no. 4, p. 1065-1067, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040054x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1065","endPage":"1067","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222096,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb80e4b08c986b328671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, H. L.","contributorId":58679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, G. S.","contributorId":74795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222008,"text":"5222008 - 1985 - Status of wintering ring-necked ducks in the southern Atlantic Flyway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T16:35:14.837717","indexId":"5222008","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of wintering ring-necked ducks in the southern Atlantic Flyway","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801669","usgsCitation":"Montalbano, F., Johnson, F., and Conroy, M.J., 1985, Status of wintering ring-necked ducks in the southern Atlantic Flyway: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 49, no. 3, p. 543-546, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801669.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"546","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487101,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3801669","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":197065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, South 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\"}}]}","volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4714","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montalbano, Frank III","contributorId":86715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montalbano","given":"Frank","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Fred A.","contributorId":93863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":335244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013029,"text":"70013029 - 1985 - Authigenic potassium feldspar in Cambrian carbonates: Evidence of Alleghanian brine migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T16:06:45.935611","indexId":"70013029","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Authigenic potassium feldspar in Cambrian carbonates: Evidence of Alleghanian brine migration","docAbstract":"The shallow-water limestones and dolostones of the Conococheague Limestone (Upper Cambrian) of western Maryland contain large amounts of authigenic potassium feldspar. The presence of halite daughter crystals in breached fluid inclusions, low whole-rock ratios of chlorine to bromine, and thermochemical data suggest that the potassium feldspar formed at low temperature by the reaction of connate brines with intercalated siliciclastic debris. Analyses of argon age spectra indicate that the authigenic feldspar probably formed during Late Pennsylvanian to Early Permian time. These results may indicate mobilization and migration of connate brines brought about by Alleghanian folding. The widespread occurrence of authigenic potassium feldspar in Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate rocks throughout the Appalachians suggests that this may have occurred throughout the entire basin.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.228.4707.1529","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Hearn, P., and Sutter, J.F., 1985, Authigenic potassium feldspar in Cambrian carbonates: Evidence of Alleghanian brine migration: Science, v. 228, no. 4707, p. 1529-1531, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.228.4707.1529.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1529","endPage":"1531","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219892,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"western Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.4875504454591,\n 39.755308613044775\n ],\n [\n -79.4875504454591,\n 39.12801376547927\n ],\n [\n -78.7318523707996,\n 39.52568790617369\n ],\n [\n -78.08669041815635,\n 39.549166343492075\n ],\n [\n -77.44537448197087,\n 39.08358641072959\n ],\n [\n -76.93964081745507,\n 39.10580008810443\n ],\n [\n -76.43390715293927,\n 39.12801376547927\n ],\n [\n -76.43390715293927,\n 39.755308613044775\n ],\n [\n -79.4875504454591,\n 39.755308613044775\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"228","issue":"4707","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eeeee4b0c8380cd4a03c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, Paul P. Jr. phearn@usgs.gov","contributorId":145723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"Paul P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"phearn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutter, John F.","contributorId":81127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220780,"text":"5220780 - 1985 - Changes in eggshell thickness during incubation: Implications for evaluating the impact of organochlorine contaminants on productivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T12:46:20","indexId":"5220780","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-16T12:19:32","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in eggshell thickness during incubation: Implications for evaluating the impact of organochlorine contaminants on productivity","docAbstract":"No abstract available.