Since 1978, a large proportion of the black skimmers (Rynchops niger) nesting along the Texas coast have had high concentrations of DDE in their eggs. Of 284 eggs collected from 5 sites during 1978-81, 99.5% contained detectable (> 0.i0 ppm) w levels of DDE, ranging up to 86 ppm wet-weight; 36% of the eggs contained > i0 ppm DDE (White et al., 1984). During the 4-year period, geometric mean concentrations of DDE remained strikingly similar, with no significant decline in egg contaminant levels. The sources of DDE contamination in skimmers are unknown. Recoveries of juvenile skimmers banded in Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi indicate that a large proportion of the birds (60%) spend the winter on the east and west coasts of Mexico. Therefore, it is possible that the DDE exposure to Texas skimmers occurs in Mexico during the winter, although some birds remain along the Gulf Coast year-round.\\
This study was conducted to determine the degree of DDE and other organochlorine contamination in black skimmers and their food items from sites in Mexico and Texas, and to statistically compare residue concentrations and body condition in individuals from the 2 areas.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01609769","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., Mitchell, C.A., and Stafford, C.J., 1985, Organochlorine concentrations, whole body weights, and lipid content of black skimmers wintering in Mexico and in south Texas, 1983: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 34, no. 4, p. 513-517, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609769.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"517","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17680,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/l08u2454r31p0770/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Texas, Veracruz","otherGeospatial":"Chachalacas, Veracruz, Port Mansfield, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.47962951660156,\n 26.512976738763484\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 26.512976738763484\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 26.65175460663639\n ],\n [\n -97.47962951660156,\n 26.65175460663639\n ],\n [\n -97.47962951660156,\n 26.512976738763484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.3387680053711,\n 19.389615012409525\n ],\n [\n -96.3057231903076,\n 19.389615012409525\n ],\n [\n -96.3057231903076,\n 19.444255598188818\n ],\n [\n -96.3387680053711,\n 19.444255598188818\n ],\n [\n -96.3387680053711,\n 19.389615012409525\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68aa0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, C. A.","contributorId":54543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stafford, C. J.","contributorId":65429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222059,"text":"5222059 - 1985 - Organochlorine chemical residues in white pelicans and western grebes from the Klamath Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T12:19:24","indexId":"5222059","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-16T12:18:38","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine chemical residues in white pelicans and western grebes from the Klamath Basin, California","docAbstract":"Samples were analyzed for 12 organochlorine chemicals. Concentrations of DDT + DDD and dieldrin in American white pelican(Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) eggs collected at the Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges decreased from 1969 to 1981; DDE and polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) residues did not significantly change. Differences between PCB residues in eggs collected from Lower Klamath and Clear Lake colonies in 1969 suggest different migration routes or wintering areas between populations nesting at these two locations. White pelican and western grebe(Aechmophorus occidentalis) PCB/DDE ratios were 0.13 and 1.58, respectively, suggesting different exposure patterns. White pelican eggshell thickness increased between 1969 and 1981, but remained significantly less than pre-1947 values. Western grebe shell thickness was not significantly different from pre-1947 values. Endrin caused some of the pelican mortalities in the Klamath Basin from 1975 to 1981. Pelicans may have acquired endrin in California, but possibly from areas outside of the Klamath Basin.
Major portions of the eastern Alaska Range, south of the Denali fault, in the McCarthy, Nabesna, Mount Hayes, and eastern Healy quadrangles, consist predominantly of the Maclaren and Wrangellia tectono-stratigraphic terranes. The Maclaren terrane consists of the Maclaren Glacier metamorphic belt and the regionally deformed and metamorphosed East Susitna batholith. The Maclaren Glacier metamorphic belt is composed of argillite, metagraywacke, and sparse andesite flows that are progressively regionally metamorphosed from lower greenschist facies to middle amphibolite facies near the East Susitna batholith. The East Susitna batholith is composed of gabbro, quartz diorite, granodiorite, and sparse quartz monzonite. Isotopic ages are as old as a K-Ar hornblende age of 87.5 m.y., possibly reset, and a U-Pb zircon age of 70 m.y. The batholith is intensely deformed and regionally metamorphosed under conditions of the middle amphibolite facies.
The Wrangellia terrane is divided into two subterranes: (1) the Slana River subterrane, composed of late Paleozoic andesite to dacite flows, tuff, limestone, and argillite, unconformably overlying massive basalt flows of the Triassic Nikolai Greenstone, Late Triassic limestone, and younger Mesozoic flysch; and (2) the Tangle subterrane, a deeper-water equivalent of the Slana River subterrane, composed of late Paleozoic and Early Triassic aquagene tuff, chert, minor andesite tuff and flows, limestone, unconformably overlying pillow basalt and massive basalt flows of the Triassic Nikolai Greenstone, and Late Triassic limestone. Both subterranes are intruded by locally extensive gabbro and diabase dikes and by cumulate mafic and ultramafic sills.
Less extensive terranes (two) are the Clearwater terrane, a sequence of intensely deformed chlorite schist, muscovite schist, marble, and greenstone of Late Triassic age; and an unnamed terrane of ultramafic and associated rocks of presumable Paleozoic or Mesozoic age. Each terrane or subterrane generally has (1) a distinctive time-stratigraphic sequence reflecting a unique geologic history; (2) a missing provenance for bedded sedimentary or volcanic rocks; and (3) bounding thrust or strike-slip faults, interpreted as accretionary sutures.
The Maclaren and Wrangellia terranes are juxtaposed along the Broxson Gulch thrust, which consists of an imbricate series of north-dipping thrust faults. Paralleling the Broxson Gulch thrust, a few kilometres to the south, is the north-dipping Eureka Creek thrust, along which are juxtaposed the Slana River and Tangle subterranes. The Maclaren terrane is correlated with the Kluane Schist and the Ruby Range batholith in the southern Yukon Territory, which represent the northward extension of the Taku and Tracy Arm terranes. If correct, this correlation defines a minimum displacement of the Maclaren terrane along the Denali fault of ∼400 km.
The Maclaren terrane is interpreted to have formed in a synorogenic Andean-type arc setting on the west margin of Mesozoic North America in the middle to late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic. The Wrangellia terrane is interpreted to have initially formed in an island-arc setting during the late Paleozoic. Subsequently in the Late Triassic, the Wrangellia terrane underwent rifting near the paleoequator, with formation of the Nikolai Greenstone and associated mafic and ultra-mafic igneous rocks. In the middle and late Mesozoic, Wrangellia migrated toward, and was accreted during, the middle Cretaceous to the Maclaren terrane along the Broxson Gulch thrust. Subsequent dispersion of both the Maclaren and Wrangellia terranes along the Denali fault and the Broxson Gulch thrust commenced during the early Tertiary and continues through the present.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1251:OATEOT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Jones, D.L., and Silberling, N.J., 1985, Origin and tectonic evolution of the Maclaren and Wrangellia terranes, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska: GSA Bulletin, v. 96, no. 10, p. 1251-1270, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1251:OATEOT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1251","endPage":"1270","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Maclaren and Wrangellia terranes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.962890625,\n 61.227957176677876\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 61.227957176677876\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 64.1297836764257\n ],\n [\n -151.962890625,\n 64.1297836764257\n ],\n [\n -151.962890625,\n 61.227957176677876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silberling, Norman J.","contributorId":102438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberling","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210571,"text":"70210571 - 1985 - Geologic setting, petrology, and geochemistry of stratiform sphalerite-galena-barite deposits, Red Dog Creek and Drenchwater Creek areas, northwestern Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-11T15:17:53.269547","indexId":"70210571","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-09T14:31:59","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic setting, petrology, and geochemistry of stratiform sphalerite-galena-barite deposits, Red Dog Creek and Drenchwater Creek areas, northwestern Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"Similar stratiform sphalerite-galena-barite deposits occur in the Red Dog Creek area, De Long Mountains quadrangle, and in the Drenchwater Creek area, Howard Pass quadrangle, northwestern Brooks Range, Alaska. The deposits, located approximately 180 km apart, are hosted by Mississippian and Pennsylvanian strata of the Kagvik structural sequence of late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic age. This sequence is situated in the lowermost structural plate of a series of predominantly east-striking, shallow-dipping thrust plates that characterize the regional structure. The deposits occur in shale, tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, altered chert, and quartz exhalite. These units are in places interlayered with or adjacent to bedded or nodular barite or submarine keratophyre flows. Chert and shale commonly contain abundant highly altered, fine-grained feldspar, pumice lapilli, and mafic volcanic rock fragments.The main types of occurrences at Red Dog Creek are: (1) disseminated and stratiform sulfides thinly bedded in organic-rich Mississippian and Pennsylvanian shale and chert, (2) massive sulfide veins and breccia fillings in silicified Mississippian and Pennsylvanian shale, and (3) stratiform sulfide-bearing lenses subdivided into (3a) quartz-exhalite with up to several percent sulfides and barite, (3b) massive sulfide-quartz lenses with up to several percent barite, and (3c) barite-quartz lenses with up to several percent sulfides.At Drenchwater Creek sulfides and barite occur as: (1) disseminations in shale, chert, tuff, and tuffaceous sandstone; (2) disseminations to aggregates in quartz exhalite; and (3) occurrences in veins crosscutting cleavages in brecciated chert and shale.The stratiform sulfides occur in zones up to several thousand meters long and several tens of meters thick. Preliminary grades at Red Dog Creek are 17.1 percent zinc, 5.0 percent lead, and 2.4 oz silver per ton contained in at least 85 million tons.The range of sulfide sulfur isotope values at Red Dog Creek is -16.6 per mil to +3.6 per mil. Sphalerite averages 0.8 per mil. Pyrite is isotopically lighter than coexisting sphalerite in quartz exhalite and massive sulfide lenses. This isotopic relationship is compatible with paragenetic relationships which show pyrite crystallized both earlier and later than other sulfides. Galena is isotopically lighter than coexisting sphalerite. Three groups of geologically and isotopically distinct barites exist including isotopic values appropriate for derivation from late Paleozoic seawater sulfate.Early in the depositional sequence isotopically light pyrite formed from organically reduced seawater sulfate. Sphalerite, galena, late pyrite, and some barite precipitated from two sulfur-bearing solutions that mixed at the mineralization site. Isotopically light barite associated with sulfides precipitated from oxidized H 2 S without seawater sulfate contribution. Lead isotope data from Red Dog and Drenchwater Creeks are compatible with generation of lead in a Phanerozoic mature island-arc setting, a typical orogene, or possibly a back-arc type intracratonic basin.The stratiform sphalerite-galena-barite deposits probably formed in an incipient island-arc environment near a continental margin, containing magmas of keratophyric and andesitic composition, where metal-laden hydrothermal fluids discharged into a deep (?) water, low-energy environment. Later intense deformation, associated with plate docking and thrusting, disrupted and partly remobilized and stratiform deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"SPEM","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.7.1896","usgsCitation":"Lange, I.M., Nokleberg, W.J., Plahuta, J., Krouse, H., and Doe, B.R., 1985, Geologic setting, petrology, and geochemistry of stratiform sphalerite-galena-barite deposits, Red Dog Creek and Drenchwater Creek areas, northwestern Brooks Range, Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 7, p. 1896-1926, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.7.1896.","productDescription":"31p.","startPage":"1896","endPage":"1926","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Northwestern Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 66.38155976071747\n ],\n [\n -149.7216796875,\n 66.38155976071747\n ],\n [\n -149.7216796875,\n 68.87143872335129\n ],\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 68.87143872335129\n ],\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 66.38155976071747\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lange, Ian M.","contributorId":149316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lange","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plahuta, J.T.","contributorId":225176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plahuta","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krouse, H.R.","contributorId":63067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krouse","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doe, B. R.","contributorId":52173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70209668,"text":"70209668 - 1985 - Paleomagnetic and petrologic evidence bearing on the age and origin of uranium deposits in the Permian Cutler Formation, Lisbon Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T20:35:54.173732","indexId":"70209668","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-01T12:43:16","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic and petrologic evidence bearing on the age and origin of uranium deposits in the Permian Cutler Formation, Lisbon Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"An approximate age for uranium deposits in red beds of the Permian Cutler Formation, Lisbon Valley salt anticline, Utah, was obtained using paleomagnetic techniques. Progressive thermal demagnetization of samples of mineralized sandstone isolates stable magnetization components having high (≳400 °C) unblocking temperatures that define a tilt-corrected mean direction of D = 358.1°, I = 65.5°, α95 = 3.3°. This direction is close to expected Late Cretaceous to middle Tertiary mean directions at Lisbon Valley. In contrast, thermal cleaning of samples of unmineralized sandstone isolates tilt-corrected southeasterly, shallow mean directions (D = 140.5°, I = −9.5°, α95 = 8.6°, and D = 155.9°, I = −4.4°, α95 = 10.9°, for two localities in the Lisbon Valley area). These results are closely similar to results from the Cutler Formation elsewhere on the Colorado Plateau and from other Lower Permian strata in North America. In unmineralized sandstone, the stable remanent magnetization is carried predominantly by martite of postdepositional or detrital origin, whereas in mineralized sandstone, the stable magnetization is carried largely by authigenic specular hematite as uranium- and vanadium-bearing clusters in interstitial areas, and it thus reflects the time of mineralization. Partial dissolution of martite grains and grain-coating ferric oxide pigment prior to formation of abundant interstitial specular hematite has minimized or eliminated the influence of late Paleozoic magnetic components in mineralized sandstone.
These results, combined with information on the structural development of the Lisbon Valley area and on nearby uranium deposits in the Triassic Chinle Formation, suggest that the growth of the Lisbon Valley anticline during Late Cretaceous to early or middle Tertiary time promoted oxidative destruction of Chinle orebodies and led to a redistribution of uranium and iron from the Chinle into the Cutler. Acidic solutions generated during destruction of sulfide minerals in Chinle orebodies may account for the simultaneous transport of significant quantities of iron and uranium and for the partial dissolution of martite in the Cutler host beds. Neutralization of these solutions by reaction with host-rock constituents (especially calcite) caused precipitation of amorphous ferric oxide, which incorporated uranium by adsorption and which aged to form specular hematite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<719:PAPEBO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Hudson, M., Fishman, N.S., and Campbell, J.A., 1985, Paleomagnetic and petrologic evidence bearing on the age and origin of uranium deposits in the Permian Cutler Formation, Lisbon Valley, Utah: GSA Bulletin, v. 96, no. 6, p. 719-730, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<719:PAPEBO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"719","endPage":"730","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Lisbon Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.23568725585938,\n 38.295325776981414\n ],\n [\n -109.06402587890625,\n 38.295325776981414\n ],\n [\n -109.06402587890625,\n 38.66085008326172\n ],\n [\n -109.23568725585938,\n 38.66085008326172\n ],\n [\n -109.23568725585938,\n 38.295325776981414\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fishman, Neil S.","contributorId":106464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, John A.","contributorId":67089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221507,"text":"5221507 - 1985 - Foraging decisions, patch use, and seasonality in egrets (Aves: ciconiiformes)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:10:43.608487","indexId":"5221507","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-01T12:19:32","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging decisions, patch use, and seasonality in egrets (Aves: ciconiiformes)","docAbstract":"Feeding Snowy (Egretta thula) and Great (Casmerodius albus) egrets were observed during two breeding seasons in coastal New Jersey and two brief winter periods in northeast Florida. A number of tests based on assumptions of foraging models, predictions from foraging theory, and earlier empirical tests concerning time allocation and movement in foraging patches was made. Few of the expectations based on foraging theory and/or assumptions were supported by the empirical evidence. Snowy Egrets fed with greater intensity and efficiency during the breeding season (when young were being fed) than during winter. They also showed some tendency to leave patches when their capture rate declined, and they spent more time foraging in patches when other birds were present nearby. Great Egrets, in Contrast, showed few of these tendencies, although they did leave patches when their intercapture intervals increased. Satiation differences had some influence on feeding rates in Snowy Egrets, but only at the end of feeding bouts. Some individuals of both species revisited areas in patches that had recently been exploited, and success rates were usually higher after the second visit. Apparently, for predators of active prey, short—term changes in resource availability (resource depression) may be more important than resource depletion, a common assumption in most OFT models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1940545","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R.M., 1985, Foraging decisions, patch use, and seasonality in egrets (Aves: ciconiiformes): Ecology, v. 66, no. 3, p. 837-844, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940545.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"837","endPage":"844","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United Staes","state":"Florida, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"coastal New Jersey, Northeast Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.1796875,\n 40.538851525354666\n ],\n [\n -74.190673828125,\n 40.43022363450862\n ],\n [\n -75.003662109375,\n 39.12153746241925\n ],\n [\n -74.99267578125,\n 38.84826438869913\n ],\n [\n -74.366455078125,\n 39.2492708462234\n ],\n [\n -74.058837890625,\n 39.884450178234395\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -74.1796875,\n 40.538851525354666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 30.704058230919504\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 30.845647420182598\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 30.581179257386985\n ],\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 29.257648503615542\n ],\n [\n -81.046142578125,\n 29.32472016151103\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 30.704058230919504\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae5b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael 0000-0003-2108-9502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-9502","contributorId":57125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70121038,"text":"70121038 - 1985 - Problem analysis and planning for the FWS cumulative impacts program: August 1984 workshop proceedings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T10:59:41","indexId":"70121038","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-01T10:58:11","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Problem analysis and planning for the FWS cumulative impacts program: August 1984 workshop proceedings","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Armour, C.L., Johnson, R.L., and Williamson, S.C., 1985, Problem analysis and planning for the FWS cumulative impacts program: August 1984 workshop proceedings, v. 85, no. 11.1, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"11.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cee4b073ff773a7d4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armour, Carl L.","contributorId":16499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armour","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":32626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williamson, Samuel C.","contributorId":23080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171506,"text":"70171506 - 1985 - Water quality and chemical evolution of ground water within the north coast limestone aquifers of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T17:04:43","indexId":"70171506","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-01T06:30:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Water quality and chemical evolution of ground water within the north coast limestone aquifers of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Waters within the north coastal limestoneaquifers are suitable for public supply, industrial and agricultural uses. For the artesian aquifer and the updip parts of the watertable aquifer, calcium and bicarbonate are the dominant ionic species with total dissolved solids and chloride concentrations below 500 and 250 mg/L, respectively. In coastal areas of thewater table aquifer, where a freshwater-saltwater mixing zone occurs, the calcium bicarbonate facie grade to a sodium-chloride facie. Within this zone, concentrations of total dissolved solids and chloride are greater than 250 and 500 mg/L respectively, affecting the suitability of the water for some uses. Geochemical models were constructed to determine the physical and chemicalreasons for the prevailing water quality patterns of the north coastlimestone aquifers. Models indicate that calcite and carbon dioxide dissolution, precipitation or degassing are the primary processes. The mixing of recharge water or saltwater with aquifer waters is an important feature within the water table aquifer. The models provide further evidence that support the circulation of groundwater within the north coast limestone.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Water Resources Association, Technical Publication Series TPS-85-1","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Tropical Hydrology and 2nd Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"May 5-8, 1985","conferenceLocation":"San Juan, Puerto Rico","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","issn":"0731-9789","usgsCitation":"Roman-Mas, A.J., and Lee, R.W., 1985, Water quality and chemical evolution of ground water within the north coast limestone aquifers of Puerto Rico, in American Water Resources Association, Technical Publication Series TPS-85-1, San Juan, Puerto Rico, May 5-8, 1985, p. 57-63.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500784e4b0ee97d51bb831","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman-Mas, Angel J.","contributorId":8436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman-Mas","given":"Angel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007475,"text":"1007475 - 1985 - The role of CAM in the carbon economy of the submerged-aquatic Isoetes howellii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-16T13:41:22.404582","indexId":"1007475","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3678,"text":"Verhandlugen Internationale Vereingung fur Limnologie","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The role of CAM in the carbon economy of the submerged-aquatic Isoetes howellii","title":"The role of CAM in the carbon economy of the submerged-aquatic Isoetes howellii","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03680770.1983.11897800","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1985, The role of CAM in the carbon economy of the submerged-aquatic Isoetes howellii: Verhandlugen Internationale Vereingung fur Limnologie, v. 22, no. 5, p. 2909-2911, https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1983.11897800.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2909","endPage":"2911","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129999,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"Mesa de Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.30285742766472,\n 33.50742771785629\n ],\n [\n -117.30285742766472,\n 33.49470879871885\n ],\n [\n -117.26516576601229,\n 33.49470879871885\n ],\n [\n -117.26516576601229,\n 33.50742771785629\n ],\n [\n -117.30285742766472,\n 33.50742771785629\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9f7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185595,"text":"70185595 - 1985 - Comment on \"Possible effects of erosional changes of the topographic relief on pore pressure at depth\" by J. Tóth and R.F. Millar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T17:54:58","indexId":"70185595","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on \"Possible effects of erosional changes of the topographic relief on pore pressure at depth\" by J. Tóth and R.F. Millar","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i006p00895","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C., 1985, Comment on \"Possible effects of erosional changes of the topographic relief on pore pressure at depth\" by J. Tóth and R.F. Millar: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 6, p. 895-898, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i006p00895.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"895","endPage":"898","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/wr021i006p00895","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d6303ce4b05ec799131105","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012377,"text":"70012377 - 1985 - Bottomland vegetation distribution along Passage Creek, Virginia, in relation to fluvial landforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:13:31.420301","indexId":"70012377","displayToPublicDate":"1985-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bottomland vegetation distribution along Passage Creek, Virginia, in relation to fluvial landforms","docAbstract":"Persistent distribution patterns of woody vegetation within the bottomland forest of Passage Creek, Virginia, were related to fluvial landforms, channel geometry, streamflow characteristics, and sediment—size characteristics. Vegetation patterns were determined from species presence as observed in transects and traverses on landforms developed along the stream. Distinct species distributional patterns were found on four common fluvial geomorphic landforms: depositional bar, active—channel shelf, floodplain, and terrace. Independent hydrologic characteristics (flow duration and flood frequency) were determined for each of the landforms. Vegetation data were analyzed by binary discriminant analysis, principal components analysis, and detrended correspondence analysis. Results and related field observations suggest that certain species are significantly associated with specific fluvial landforms. Vegetation patterns appear to develop more as a result of hydrologic processes associated with each fluvial landform rather than from sediment—size characteristics. Flood disturbance may be an important factor in maintaining the vegetation patterns, which may therefore be used as indicators for particular hydrogeomorphic site conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.2307/1940528","usgsCitation":"Hupp, C.R., and Osterkamp, W.R., 1985, Bottomland vegetation distribution along Passage Creek, Virginia, in relation to fluvial landforms: Ecology, v. 66, no. 3, p. 670-681, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940528.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"670","endPage":"681","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222303,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f22fe4b0c8380cd4b063","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":363409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012968,"text":"70012968 - 1985 - A model for a seismic computerized alert network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T16:16:39.338125","indexId":"70012968","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for a seismic computerized alert network","docAbstract":"In large earthquakes, damaging ground motions may occur at large epicentral distances. Because of the relatively slow speed of seismic waves, it is possible to construct a system to provide short-term warning (as much as several tens of seconds) of imminent strong ground motions from major earthquakes. Automated safety responses could be triggered by users after receiving estimates of the arrival time and strength of shaking expected at an individual site. Although warning times are likely to be short for areas greatly damaged by relatively numerous earthquakes of moderate size, large areas that experience very strong shaking during great earthquakes would receive longer warning times.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.228.4702.987","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Heaton, T.H., 1985, A model for a seismic computerized alert network: Science, v. 228, no. 4702, p. 987-990, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.228.4702.987.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"987","endPage":"990","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222113,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"228","issue":"4702","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e468e4b0c8380cd4663d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heaton, Thomas H.","contributorId":187505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210235,"text":"70210235 - 1985 - The relocation of microearthquakes in the northern Mississippi Embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-25T14:42:00.171972","indexId":"70210235","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-22T07:59:38","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relocation of microearthquakes in the northern Mississippi Embayment","docAbstract":"Three-component seismograms, recorded by a small array of digital instruments in the northern Mississippi embayment, consistently show a high-amplitude phase on the vertical component that arrives approximately 0.8 s before the shear wave. On the basis of its timing and apparent velocity, this phase is identified as an S-P conversion from the boundary between the unconsolidated Cenozoic sediments and the underlying Paleozoic rocks. Synthetic models of ground motion in the Mississippi embayment indicate that vertical displacement amplitudes are higher for S-P conversions than for transmitted shear waves at all angles of incidence. The models and their agreement with observations of the three-component seismograms suggest that true shear waves cannot be reliably identified from vertical component seismograms recorded in this area. The travel times of converted phases are used, together with crustal velocity models derived from a recent seismic refraction survey, to relocate approximately 500 microearthquakes recorded by the Central Mississippi Valley regional seismic network. Since the network data are recorded by vertical component seismographs, we assume that the S phases, observed at the stations sited on unconsolidated sediments, are S-P conversions. This assumption significantly reduces the average rms residual and provides well-constrained hypocentral locations for 350 earthquakes. The relocated microearthquakes cluster tightly along previously identified epicentral trends. Focal depths range from 0.5 to 22 km, but events deeper than 14 km are rare, and events shallower than 3 km are confined, almost exclusively, to the area between Ridgely, Tennessee, and New Madrid, Missouri. Focal mechanisms are generally consistent with the results of previous studies. The axial seismicity trend, which extends from Caruthersville, Missouri, to Marked Tree, Arkansas, is characterized by right-lateral strike-slip motion on a northeast trending, nearly vertical fault plane. The events between Ridgely, Tennessee, and New Madrid, Missouri, commonly show strike-slip focal mechanisms, with minor components of both normal and reverse dip slip.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB12p10223","usgsCitation":"Andrews, M., Mooney, W.D., and Meyer, R., 1985, The relocation of microearthquakes in the northern Mississippi Embayment: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B12, p. 10223-10236, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB12p10223.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"10223","endPage":"10236","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375012,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northern Mississippi Embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.92236328125,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -88.43994140625,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -88.43994140625,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -92.92236328125,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -92.92236328125,\n 37.055177106660814\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, M.C.","contributorId":62602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, R.P.","contributorId":39146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210126,"text":"70210126 - 1985 - Massive sulfide deposits on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Results of investigations in the USGS study area, 1980-83","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-15T13:14:40.982153","indexId":"70210126","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-14T13:54:11","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2674,"text":"Marine Mining","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Massive sulfide deposits on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Results of investigations in the USGS study area, 1980-83","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":" Taylor & Francis","usgsCitation":"Koski, R.A., Normark, W.R., and Morton, J.L., 1985, Massive sulfide deposits on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Results of investigations in the USGS study area, 1980-83: Marine Mining, v. 5, no. 2, p. 147-164.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"164","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":789218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, Janet L.","contributorId":37269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210125,"text":"70210125 - 1985 - Mineralogy and geochemistry of a sediment‐hosted hydrothermal sulfide deposit from the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-14T18:51:57.49118","indexId":"70210125","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-14T13:38:33","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of a sediment‐hosted hydrothermal sulfide deposit from the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California","docAbstract":"Samples dredged from a 15‐m‐high hydrothermal mound atop the flat turbidite pond in the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin consist of pyrrhotite‐rich massive sulfide, barite, barite + calcite, talc, and opaline silica as well as substrate material composed of fossiliferous, clay‐rich ooze. An 11‐m‐long sediment core taken near the dredge site shows increasing hydrothermal alteration with depth; anhydrite‐filled fractures near the base of the core appear to be channels for hydrothermal discharge. Oxidation of the sulfide‐rich samples to an assemblage of geothite, lepidocrocite, and amorphous Fe oxyhydroxide is ubiquitous. Compared to other massive sulfide deposits on sediment‐starved oceanic ridges, the hydrothermal deposit dredged in Guaymas Basin has a high pyrrhotite/pyrite ratio, a low Zn sulfide and combined ore metal (Cu + Zn + Pb + Ag + Cd) content, and a greater abundance of sulfate, carbonate, and silicate phases. Venting hydrothermal solutions are alkaline with moderately high pH; high Ca, Ba, and SiO2 content; low ƒS2 and ƒo2; and very low transition metal content. Disequilibrium assemblages of pyrrhotite and sulfate minerals form during rapid mixing of this evolved vent fluid with ambient bottom waters at the discharge site. Talc is formed at a temperature near 270°C by mixing or entrainment of Mg‐rich bottom water or pore fluid with upwelling hydrothermal fluid that is saturated with silica. Calcite may precipitate from the alkaline, Ca‐rich fluid during degassing of CO2. The minimum temperature range for sulfide and nonsulfide deposition is approximately 190°–326°C. The composition of hydrothermal deposits, vent solutions, and altered sediment requires that circulating fluids evolve during deep penetration into the basaltic basement complex, further interaction with the organic‐and carbonate‐rich sediment pile, and near‐surface mixing with ambient seawater. Although the stable assemblage albite‐epidote‐clinochlore present at depth in the sediment pile requires very low dissolved Mg and Fe in the altering fluid, the addition of Mg to deeply buried sediment indicates significant recharge of the system by Guaymas Basin bottom water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB08p06695","usgsCitation":"Koski, R.A., Lonsdale, P.F., Shanks, W.C., Berndt, M., and Howe, S.S., 1985, Mineralogy and geochemistry of a sediment‐hosted hydrothermal sulfide deposit from the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B8, p. 6695-6707, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB08p06695.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"6695","endPage":"6707","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.1484375,\n 26.33280692289788\n ],\n [\n -110.41259765625,\n 26.33280692289788\n ],\n [\n -110.41259765625,\n 28.323724553546015\n ],\n [\n -112.1484375,\n 28.323724553546015\n ],\n [\n -112.1484375,\n 26.33280692289788\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":789213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lonsdale, P. F.","contributorId":101258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonsdale","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C","contributorId":194073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berndt, M.E.","contributorId":78487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howe, S. S.","contributorId":103293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70210054,"text":"70210054 - 1985 - Fluorine in Colorado oil shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T13:02:37.900549","indexId":"70210054","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-12T12:42:28","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fluorine in Colorado oil shale","docAbstract":"Oil shale from the lower part of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, averages 0.13 weight percent fluorine, which is about twice that found in common shales, but is the same as the average amount found in some oil shales from other parts of the world. Some fluorine may reside in fluorapatite; however, limited data suggest that cryolite may be quantitatively more important. Analysis of 913 samples from two core holes that penetrate the lower 375 m of the oil-shale deposits found fluorine to range from 0.001 to 2.2 weight percent; about 90 percent of the samples con tain between 0.001 and 0.20 weight percent fluorine. The analyzed sequence consists of mostly nahcolitebearing dolomitic oil shale, except for the lower 55-75 m, which consists of illitic oil shale. The fluorine content of much of the nahcolitic oil shale is somewhat lower, and much more variable from sample to sample, than that of the underlying illitic oil shale. Vertical profiles of the fluo rine content for the two core holes through the same stratigraphic interval are essentially dissimilar. The abundance of fluorine seems unrelated to shaleoil content, except in the R-5 zone and near the base of nahcolite-bearing oil shale where there is a moderate positive association. Fluorine and phos phorus abundances show mostly little or no assoc iation, and only moderate positive association in some scattered samples.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eighteenth Oil Shale symposium ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Eighteenth Oil Shale symposium ","conferenceDate":"April 22-24,1985","conferenceLocation":"Grand Junction, Colorado","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Dyni, J.R., 1985, Fluorine in Colorado oil shale, in Eighteenth Oil Shale symposium , v. 18, Grand Junction, Colorado, April 22-24,1985, p. 9-20.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.8690185546875,\n 40.03182061333687\n ],\n [\n -107.60009765625,\n 40.03182061333687\n ],\n [\n -107.60009765625,\n 40.643135583312805\n ],\n [\n -108.8690185546875,\n 40.643135583312805\n ],\n [\n -108.8690185546875,\n 40.03182061333687\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyni, John R. jdyni@usgs.gov","contributorId":756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyni","given":"John","email":"jdyni@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":788937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012981,"text":"70012981 - 1985 - A Silurian soft-bodied biota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T16:19:51.852149","indexId":"70012981","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Silurian soft-bodied biota","docAbstract":"A new Silurian (Llandoverian) biota from Wisconsin with a significant soft-bodied and lightly sclerotized component is dominated by arthropods and worms. The fauna includes the earliest well-preserved xiphosure, a possible marine uniramian, three new arthropods of uncertain affinity, and possibly the first Paleozoic leech. This may be only the second locality to yield a conodont animal. Lack of a normal shelly fauna suggests an unusual environment. The discovery adds significantly to the few such exceptionally preserved faunas known from Lower Paleozoic rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.228.4700.715","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Mikulic, D.G., Briggs, D.E., and Kluessendorf, J., 1985, A Silurian soft-bodied biota: Science, v. 228, no. 4700, p. 715-717, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.228.4700.715.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"715","endPage":"717","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220225,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"228","issue":"4700","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e306e4b0c8380cd45daa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mikulic, Donald G.","contributorId":61159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikulic","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, D. E. G.","contributorId":11758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Briggs","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kluessendorf, Joanne","contributorId":41965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluessendorf","given":"Joanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210008,"text":"70210008 - 1985 - Comparative geochemical and mineralogical studies of two cyclic transgressive pelagic limestone units, cretaceous Western Interior Basin, U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-22T14:05:17.988549","indexId":"70210008","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-08T13:38:25","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3842,"text":"SEPM Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative geochemical and mineralogical studies of two cyclic transgressive pelagic limestone units, cretaceous Western Interior Basin, U.S.","docAbstract":"Pelagic limestone units were deposited in the North American Western Interior seaway during two major Cretaceous transgressive episodes. The Bridge Creek Limestone Member of the Greenhorn Formation, deposited during the Late Cenomanian-Early Turonian transgression, and the Smoky Hill Member of the Niobrara Formation, deposited during the overall Early Coniacian-Early Campanian transgression, are both enriched in organic-carbon and exhibit smallscale carbonate cycles representing periodicities in the range 20 to 40 ky. The distinct periodicity and overall unusual depositional milieu of both units are reflected in their sedimentary structures, mineralogy, and geochemistry.
The Bridge Creek Limestone at Pueblo, Colorado, averages 78% CaCO3 and 1.75% organic carbon with ranges of 42-96% and 0.06-6.97%, respectively, across small-scale cycles. High concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg, K, Ti, Na, Cr, Ni, V; higher Sr/Ca and lower Si/Al ratios; and lighter δ180 in CaCO3 in dark-colored clay-rich beds all suggest periodic influx of terrestrial clay minerals during times of peak fresh water runoff from uplifted highlands to the west. Higher Sr/Ca ratios in marlstone beds than in limestone beds suggest that the marlstone beds have undergone less diagenetic removal of Sr. Higher concentrations of organic carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur, and preservation of some lamination in the clay-rich beds also suggest that the times of enhanced runoff may have induced stable salinity stratification in the water column, which led to gradual depletion of dissolved oxygen in the bottom waters and enhanced preservation of organic carbon in sediments. The geochemistry also suggests that a significant change in sedimentation occurred at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary.
The geochemical characteristics of the Niobrara Formation near Fort collins, Colorado, are very similar to those of the Bridge Creek Limestone at Pueblo, suggesting similar depositional conditions and source of clastic materials. However, the small scale cycles are present but more subdued in the Niobrara Formation than in the Bridge Creek Limestone, and the Niobrara Formation in the Fort Collins area has not been as altered by diagenesis.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00988570","usgsCitation":"Raymer, J., Wiesler, D., Novotny, M., Asa, C., Seal, U., and Mech, L., 1985, Chemical investigations of wolf (Canis lupus) anal-sac secretion in relation to breeding season: Journal of Chemical Ecology, v. 11, no. 5, p. 593-608, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00988570.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"608","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3e6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raymer, J.","contributorId":94003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiesler, D.","contributorId":43072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiesler","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Novotny, M.","contributorId":27970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novotny","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asa, C.","contributorId":64761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asa","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seal, U.S.","contributorId":40564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seal","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70231353,"text":"70231353 - 1985 - The use of a spatial and tabular data base for order-three soil surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-06T17:07:56.428837","indexId":"70231353","displayToPublicDate":"1985-05-01T11:52:47","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The use of a spatial and tabular data base for order-three soil surveys","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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