{"pageNumber":"5003","pageRowStart":"125050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184615,"records":[{"id":70209850,"text":"70209850 - 1985 - A new isostatic residual gravity map of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-30T19:55:38.868523","indexId":"70209850","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-30T14:44:07","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A new isostatic residual gravity map of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>In order to display more clearly the gravity anomalies caused by bodies of geologic interest in the crust, a new colored isostatic residual gravity map of the conterminous United States has been prepared using the gravity data set compiled for the Gravity Anomaly Map of the United States (SEG, 1982). The isostatic residual map is based on an Airy-Heiskanen model of local compensation, with the surface load requiring compensation being defined by 5-minute topographic and bathymetric data sets. Because topography-related anomalies have been removed to first approximation, the resulting isostatic residual map highlights density contrasts associated with geologic bodies in the crust. For example, the 2000 km-long gravity high that follows the Appalachian orogenic belt is delineated along its entire length without the topographic overprint characteristic of Bouguer maps. For purposes of displaying gravity anomalies caused by shallow bodies of geologic significance, the nature of the isostatic model and the values of its parameters are of lesser importance than the application of an isostatic correction of some sort. Most isostatic models will result in residual maps which appear very similar in their main patterns and features. Anomalies on isostatic residual gravity maps should not be casually interpreted in terms of \"undercompensation\" or \"overcompensation\" because large amplitude anomalies can be produced by crustal bodies in complete local isostatic equilibrium.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"55th Annual International SEG Meeting","conferenceDate":"October 6-10, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","publisher":"SEG","doi":"10.1190/1.1892727","usgsCitation":"Simpson, R.W., Jachens, R.C., Saltus, R.W., and Blakely, R.J., 1985, A new isostatic residual gravity map of the conterminous United States, 55th Annual International SEG Meeting, v. 4, no. 1, Washington, DC, October 6-10, 1985, p. 197-198, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892727.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"198","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saltus, Richard W. saltus@usgs.gov","contributorId":777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"Richard","email":"saltus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013105,"text":"70013105 - 1985 - Storage and remobilization of suspended sediment in the lower Amazon River of Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T16:28:35.871657","indexId":"70013105","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storage and remobilization of suspended sediment in the lower Amazon River of Brazil","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the lower Amazon River, suspended sediment is stored during rising stages of the river and resuspended during falling river stages. The storage and resuspension in the reach are related to the mean slope of the flood wave on the river surface; this slope is smaller during rising river stages than during falling stages. The pattern of storage and resuspension damps out the extreme values of high and low sediment discharge and tends to keep them near the mean value between 3.0 × 10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;and 3.5 × 10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;metric tons per day. Mean annual discharge of suspended sediment in the lower Amazon is between 1.1 × 10</span><sup>9</sup><span>&nbsp;and 1.3 × 10</span><sup>9</sup><span>&nbsp;metric tons per year.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.228.4698.488","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Meade, R.H., Dunne, T., Richey, J., Santos, U.M., and Salati, E., 1985, Storage and remobilization of suspended sediment in the lower Amazon River of Brazil: Science, v. 228, no. 4698, p. 488-490, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.228.4698.488.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"490","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219954,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"lower Amazon River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.55073328483846,\n              -1.8186175669246865\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.55073328483846,\n              -4.079209382064548\n            ],\n            [\n              -52.30338080036472,\n              -4.079209382064548\n            ],\n            [\n              -52.30338080036472,\n              -1.8186175669246865\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.55073328483846,\n              -1.8186175669246865\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"228","issue":"4698","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b986be4b08c986b31c00f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meade, Robert H. 0000-0002-4965-3040 rhmeade@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-3040","contributorId":2744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"Robert","email":"rhmeade@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, T.","contributorId":25695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richey, J.E.","contributorId":18508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Santos, U.De. M.","contributorId":23684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos","given":"U.De.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Salati, E.","contributorId":77660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salati","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70209604,"text":"70209604 - 1985 - Evidence for Quaternary tectonism in the northern Bighorn basin, Wyoming and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-15T15:27:38.525158","indexId":"70209604","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-15T10:24:20","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for Quaternary tectonism in the northern Bighorn basin, Wyoming and Montana","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper \"><p>Irregularities in the reconstructed gradients of latest Pliocene and Quaternary terraces in the northern Bighorn Basin, northwest Wyoming and south-central Montana, suggest that Quaternary movements have occurred on the Frannie anticline, the Nye-Bowler–Sage Creek fault zone, and the North Pryor fault. This area has been considered tectonically inactive. The timing of the interpreted movements is derived from age estimates of fluvial deposits determined from numerical ages and altitudes of associated deposits of volcanic ash. South of the Pryor Mountains, the 1.4 Ma Polecat Bench terrace of the Shoshone River rises 6–7 m over the axis of the Frannie anticline; this displacement may be related to folding or faulting since 1.4 Ma. Near the Nye-Bowler–Sage Creek and North Pryor faults in the Pryor Mountains, bedrock is 25 and 55 m shallower than depths predicted from the projected 1.4 Ma gradient of the Shoshone River through Pryor Gap. The 2.0 Ma terrace of Rock Creek may have been offset up to 7 m by a splay of the Nye-Bowler fault zone between 2.0 and 0.6 Ma. The downstream divergence of terraces along Rock Creek suggests ongoing uplift of the northern Bighorn Basin, perhaps caused by crustal rebound due to post-Oligocene erosion.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<364:EFQTIT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M.C., 1985, Evidence for Quaternary tectonism in the northern Bighorn basin, Wyoming and Montana: Geology, v. 13, no. 5, p. 364-367, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<364:EFQTIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"364","endPage":"367","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Bighorn Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.6982421875,\n              44.809121700077355\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2919921875,\n              44.809121700077355\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2919921875,\n              45.874712248904764\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.6982421875,\n              45.874712248904764\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.6982421875,\n              44.809121700077355\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X mreheis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":138571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith","email":"mreheis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120913,"text":"70120913 - 1985 - Snowpack and variation in reproductive ecology of a montane ground-nesting passerine, Junco hyemalis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T13:16:22","indexId":"70120913","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T13:09:18","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2964,"text":"Ornis Scandinavica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snowpack and variation in reproductive ecology of a montane ground-nesting passerine, Junco hyemalis","docAbstract":"Effects of snow depth and rate of snowmelt on reproduction of a montane ground-nesting passerine were examined in a 5-year study of Dark-eyed Juncos <i>Junco hyemalis</i> in northern Utah, USA.  Distribution of clucth sizes differed significantly among years.  Although most clutches contained four eggs, 3-egg clutches, due primarily to second nestings, were more common during a year of early snowmelt and 5-egg clutches were most common during two years of late snowmelt.  Average clutch size was lowest in an early snowmelt year and average clutch size and date at which meadows became snow-free were significantly positively correlated.  Average hatching date of 4-egg clutches was also significantly positively correlated with date at which meadows became snow-free demonstrating that most birds tracked the pattern of snowmelt.  Early snowmelt may allow more pairs to attempt second nesting, but late-lying snow causes breeding to be delayed, allowing time for only one nesting attempt.  During this delay, female juncos continue to feed and some may gain enough reserves to produce larger clutches, accounting for the increase in average clutch size in years of late snowmelt.  Three female juncos examined in June 1982, a period of late snowmelt, had significantly more lipid reserves than did six males collected at the same time, suggesting that females are not physiologically stressed while awaiting snowmelt.  By tracking snowmelt patterns, juncos synchronize production of young with peak summer insect abundance and potentially decrease risk of predation.  Snow depth and rate of snowmelt are thus proximate environmental factors that may influence the reproductive ecology of ground-nesting passerines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ornis Scandinavica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Scandinavian Ornithologists' Union","publisherLocation":"Oslo","doi":"10.2307/3676568","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.G., and Andersen, D., 1985, Snowpack and variation in reproductive ecology of a montane ground-nesting passerine, Junco hyemalis: Ornis Scandinavica, v. 16, no. 1, p. 8-13, https://doi.org/10.2307/3676568.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292436,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3676568"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.053,36.9979 ], [ -114.053,42.0016 ], [ -109.0411,42.0016 ], [ -109.0411,36.9979 ], [ -114.053,36.9979 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fede4b0333418718957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kimberly G.","contributorId":80200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, Douglas C. doug_andersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Douglas C.","email":"doug_andersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70209669,"text":"70209669 - 1985 - Suitability of nonwelded pyroclastic-flow deposits for studies of magnetic secular variation: A test based on deposits emplaced at Mount St. Helens, Washington, in 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T20:36:44.616706","indexId":"70209669","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T12:53:50","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suitability of nonwelded pyroclastic-flow deposits for studies of magnetic secular variation: A test based on deposits emplaced at Mount St. Helens, Washington, in 1980","docAbstract":"<p><span>Paleomagnetic directions obtained from nonwelded pyroclastic-flow deposits that were emplaced at Mount St. Helens, Washington, in 1980 have a precision and accuracy similar to data obtainable from lava flows. It is concluded that nonwelded pyroclastic-flow deposits, like lava flows, are suitable for studies of magnetic secular variation. Although clast rotations apparently caused an “inclination error” in the paleomagnetic directions, the error is a few degrees at most.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<242:SONPDF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hoblitt, R.P., Reynolds, R.L., and Larson, E.E., 1985, Suitability of nonwelded pyroclastic-flow deposits for studies of magnetic secular variation: A test based on deposits emplaced at Mount St. Helens, Washington, in 1980: Geology, v. 13, no. 4, p. 242-245, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<242:SONPDF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"245","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.54699707031249,\n              45.99886962627587\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.90155029296875,\n              45.99886962627587\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.90155029296875,\n              46.495556167319506\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54699707031249,\n              46.495556167319506\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54699707031249,\n              45.99886962627587\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoblitt, Richard P. 0000-0001-5850-4760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5850-4760","contributorId":220615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, Edwin E.","contributorId":224220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223606,"text":"5223606 - 1985 - The capitate-flowered epiphytic Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) and a new genus from Paraguay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-30T14:07:25.27082","indexId":"5223606","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T12:19:32","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1084,"text":"Brittonia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The capitate-flowered epiphytic Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) and a new genus from Paraguay","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span><i>Eurystyles</i><span>&nbsp;Alliance is reviewed with regard to column characters, and a new genus,&nbsp;</span>Synanthes<span>, is described. Three genera,&nbsp;</span><i>Eurystyles, Pseudoeurystyles</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>Synanthes</i><span>, compose the alliance of capitate-flowerd epiphytic Spiranthinae.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.2307/2806091","usgsCitation":"Burns-Balogh, P., Robinson, H., and Foster, M.S., 1985, The capitate-flowered epiphytic Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) and a new genus from Paraguay: Brittonia, v. 37, p. 154-162, https://doi.org/10.2307/2806091.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199986,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Paraguay","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-62.68506,-22.24903],[-62.29118,-21.05163],[-62.26596,-20.51373],[-61.78633,-19.63374],[-60.04356,-19.34275],[-59.11504,-19.35691],[-58.18347,-19.8684],[-58.16639,-20.1767],[-57.87067,-20.73269],[-57.93716,-22.09018],[-56.88151,-22.28215],[-56.47332,-22.0863],[-55.79796,-22.35693],[-55.61068,-22.65562],[-55.51764,-23.572],[-55.40075,-23.95694],[-55.0279,-24.00127],[-54.65283,-23.83958],[-54.29296,-24.02101],[-54.29348,-24.5708],[-54.42895,-25.16218],[-54.62529,-25.73926],[-54.78879,-26.62179],[-55.69585,-27.38784],[-56.4867,-27.5485],[-57.60976,-27.3959],[-58.61817,-27.12372],[-57.63366,-25.60366],[-57.77722,-25.16234],[-58.80713,-24.77146],[-60.02897,-24.0328],[-60.84656,-23.88071],[-62.68506,-22.24903]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Paraguay\"}}]}","volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6695d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns-Balogh, P.","contributorId":43077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns-Balogh","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, H.","contributorId":35853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, Mercedes S.","contributorId":72088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Mercedes","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039547,"text":"70039547 - 1985 - Mission, goals, and authorities of the U.S. Geological Survey, June 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:52","indexId":"70039547","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T11:43:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Mission, goals, and authorities of the U.S. Geological Survey, June 1985","docAbstract":"We live in a society which depends on natural resources. Our high standard of living requires use of the land, water, and mineral endowment of the Earth. In using these resources, we may affect our environment and alter our options for land and resource use in the future. How can we ensure an adequate supply of this natural wealth in the future? In what ways are we irreversibly altering our natural environment? How can we avoid undesirable or unacceptable side effects of man's use of the land and prevent or mitigate earth-related hazards? To respond to these and other similar questions, knowledge about the Earth, its structure, its resources, and its dynamics is essential.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039547","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Mission, goals, and authorities of the U.S. Geological Survey, June 1985 (Provisional), 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039547.","productDescription":"20 p.","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261672,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039547/report.pdf"},{"id":261673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039547/report-thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Provisional","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b53e4b0c8380cd6f4c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120882,"text":"70120882 - 1985 - Population dynamics of Yellowstone grizzly bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-25T12:59:31","indexId":"70120882","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T11:11:58","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population dynamics of Yellowstone grizzly bears","docAbstract":"<p>Data on the population of grizzly bears in the environs of Yellowstone National Park suggest that the population has not recovered from the reductions following closure of garbage dumps in 1970 and 1971, and may continue to decline. A computer simulation model indicates that the risk of extirpation over the next 30 yr is small, if the present population parameters continue to prevail. A review and further analysis of the available data brings out the importance of enhancing adult female survival if the population is to recover, and assesses various research needs. In particular, a reliable index of population trend is needed to augment available data on the population.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brooklyn Botanic Garden","publisherLocation":"Brooklyn, NY","doi":"10.2307/1940382","usgsCitation":"Knight, R.R., and Eberhardt, L., 1985, Population dynamics of Yellowstone grizzly bears: Ecology, v. 66, no. 2, p. 323-334, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940382.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"334","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292407,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940382"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,44.1324 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25feae4b0333418718945","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, Richard R.","contributorId":68660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberhardt, L.L.","contributorId":72313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberhardt","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222030,"text":"5222030 - 1985 - An aerial photographic census of Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina canvasbacks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T16:52:48.957349","indexId":"5222030","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An aerial photographic census of Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina canvasbacks","docAbstract":"<p>We used conventional 35-mm photography to conduct an aerial photographic census of canvasbacks (<i>Aythya valisineria</i>) throughout Chesapeake Bay (tidal Maryland and Virginia) and coastal North Carolina, 26-30 January 1981. Flock size and sex ratio characteristics were determined from examination of color transparencies of 165 canvasback flocks totaling over 95,000 birds. A sex ratio of 2.91 males/female was determined from 68,769 birds, 80% of the birds in 150 flocks. Sex ratio for the Atlantic Flyway was projected as 2.90 males/female. We recorded the greatest number of canvasbacks and the widest range of flock size in Maryland waters; the fewest canvasbacks and the smallest average flock size in Virginia; and the fewest but on average the largest flocks of canvasbacks in North Carolina. Sex ratio varied latitudinally in the flyway with a tendency for males to occupy more northern and females more southern latitudes in winter. Sex ratio (males/female) was highest in Maryland (3.98), slightly lower in Virginia (3.71), and lowest in North Carolina (1.70). Locally, sex ratio varied with flock size. In Chesapeake Bay, small flocks (&lt;100 birds) had lower sex ratio (P &lt; 0.05) than medium (100-1,000) or large (&gt;1,000) flocks. By providing large- sample sex ratio information, as well as exact counts of birds, we conclude that low-level 35-mm aerial photography is the most efficient and accurate means of determining canvasback population status in eastern coastal habitats.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801550","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., Goldsberry, J., McAuley, D., and Derleth, E., 1985, An aerial photographic census of Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina canvasbacks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 49, no. 2, p. 449-454, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801550.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"454","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487094,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3801550","text":"Publisher Index 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 \"}}]}","volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db686049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldsberry, J.R.","contributorId":33013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsberry","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derleth, E.L.","contributorId":31483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derleth","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186160,"text":"70186160 - 1985 - The aqueous photolysis of ethylene glycol adsorbed on geothite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:08:41","indexId":"70186160","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3049,"text":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The aqueous photolysis of ethylene glycol adsorbed on geothite","docAbstract":"<p><span> Suspensions of goethite (α-FeOOH) were photolyzed in aerated ethylene glycol-water solutions at pH 6.5, with ultraviolet light in the wavelength range300–400 nm. Under these conditions, formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde were detected as photoproducts. Quantum yields of formaldehyde production ranged from 1.9 7times; 10</span><sup>-5</sup><span> to 2.9 × 10</span><sup>-4</sup><span> over the ethylene glycol concentration range of 0.002-2.0 mol/ℓ, and gave evidence that the reaction occurred at the goethite surface. Quantum yields of glycolaldehyde were 20% less than those of formaldehyde, and displayed a concentration-dependent relationship with ethylene glycol similar to that of formaldehyde. Immediately after photolysis, Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span> was measured to be 4.6 × 10</span><sup>-7</sup><span> mol/ℓ in an aerated suspension containing 1.3 mol/ℓ ethylene glycol, and 8.5 × 10</span><sup>-6</sup><span> mol/ℓ in the corresponding deoxygenated suspension. Glycolaldehyde was not generated in the deoxygenated suspensions. These results are consistent with a mechanism involving the transfer of an electron from an adsorbed ethylene glycol molecule to an excited state of Fe</span><sup>3+</sup><span> (Iron[III]) in the goethite lattice, to produce Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span> and an organic cation. In a series of reactions involving O</span><sub>2</sub><span>, FeOOH, and Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>, the organic cation decomposes to form formaldehyde and the intermediate radicals “OH and” CH</span><sub>2</sub><span>OH. OH reacts further with ethylene glycol in the presence of O</span><sub>2</sub><span>to yield glycolaldehyde. Aqueous photolysis of ethylene glycol sorbed onto goethite is typical of reactions that can occur in the aquatic environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-1097.1985.tb03505.x","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, K.M., Goldberg, M.C., and Weiner, E., 1985, The aqueous photolysis of ethylene glycol adsorbed on geothite: Photochemistry and Photobiology, v. 41, no. 4, p. 409-416, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1985.tb03505.x.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"409","endPage":"416","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1954e4b02ff32c699cd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Kirkwood M.","contributorId":85325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kirkwood","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, Marvin C.","contributorId":26066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weiner, E.R.","contributorId":190183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiner","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222037,"text":"5222037 - 1985 - Cryogenic preservation of semen from the greater sandhill crane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T16:41:35.650986","indexId":"5222037","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cryogenic preservation of semen from the greater sandhill crane","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801557","usgsCitation":"Gee, G.F., Bakst, M.R., and Sexton, T.J., 1985, Cryogenic preservation of semen from the greater sandhill crane: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 49, no. 2, p. 480-484, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801557.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"484","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acde4b07f02db67f3cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gee, George F.","contributorId":113443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bakst, Murray R.","contributorId":38830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakst","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sexton, Thomas J.","contributorId":84856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185591,"text":"70185591 - 1985 - Effects of copper on production of periphyton, nitrogen fixation and processing of leaf litter in a Sierra Nevada, California, stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:58:07","indexId":"70185591","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of copper on production of periphyton, nitrogen fixation and processing of leaf litter in a Sierra Nevada, California, stream","docAbstract":"<ul id=\"l1\" class=\"custom\"><li><span class=\"bullet\">1</span>Production of periphyton, nitrogen fixation and processing of leaf litter were examined in an oligotrophic Sierra Nevada stream and the responses of these processes to copper (2.5, 5 and 10<i>μ</i>g 1<sup>-1</sup> Cu<sub>T</sub> [total filtrable copper]; approximately 12, 25 and 50 ng 1<sup>-1</sup> Cu<sup>2+</sup>) were determined.</li><li><span class=\"bullet\">2</span>Autotrophic and total production were estimated from 3-week accumulations of biomass on artificial substrates. Mean autotrophic production in the control ranged from 0.22 to 0.58 mg C m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> in summer-autumn 1979, but declined to 0.08–0.28 mg C m <sup>2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> after peak discharge in summer 1980, apparently due to phosphorus-limited growth. Total production in the control ranged from 0.30 to 0.82 mg C m<sup>-2</sup> h <sup>-1</sup> in summer-autumn 1979 and from 0.16 to 0,68 mg C m <sup>-2</sup> h <sup>-1</sup> in 1980. Mean autotrophic productivity, estimated by <sup>l4</sup>C-bicarbonate uptake in daylight, ranged from 0.30 to 2.8 mg C m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>.</li><li><span class=\"bullet\">3</span>Autotrophic productivity was reduced by 57–81% at 2.5<i>μ</i>g 1<sup>-1</sup> Cu<sub>T</sub>, 55–96% at 5<i>μ</i>g 1<sup>-1</sup>Cu<sub>T</sub>, and 81–100% at 10<i>μ</i>g 1<sup>-1</sup> CU<sub>T</sub>, Heterotrophic productivity (based on dark <sup>35</sup>S-sulphate uptake) was inhibited to a lesser extent (28–63% at 2.5<i>μ</i>g 1<sup>-1</sup> Cu<sub>T</sub>, 24–84% at 5<i>μ</i>g 1<sup>-1</sup> Cu<sub>T</sub>, and 67–92% at 10<i>μ</i>g 1<sup>-1</sup> Cu<sub>T</sub>), The inhibition of autotrophic and heterotrophic productivity persisted through the year of exposure. Production in stream sections previously exposed to 2.5 and 5<i>μ</i>g 1<sup>-1</sup>Cu<sub>T</sub> increased to control levels within 4 weeks after dosing, but remained depressed for more than 7 weeks after exposure to 10<i>μ</i>g 1<sup>-1</sup> Cu<sub>T</sub>.</li><li><span class=\"bullet\">4</span>The specific rate of photosynthesis (mg C mg chlorophyll <i>a</i><sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>) of mature periphyton communities declined at all test concentrations of copper, but the rate for periphyton on newly-colonized surfaces did not change. The species composition of benthic algae shifted during exposure to an assemblage more tolerant of copper. <i>Achrtanthes minutissima</i> and <i>Fragilaria crotonensis</i> were the primary replacement species on newly-colonized surfaces.</li><li><span class=\"bullet\">5</span>The nitrogenase activity of blue-green algae was low. with controls ranging from 2.4 to 12 nmol C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>. Nitrogenase activity was inhibited during the initial weeks of exposure by 5 and 10<i>μ</i>g 1<sup>-1</sup> Cu<sub>T</sub>. However, after 9 months of exposure, control and copper-treated sections did not differ.</li><li><span class=\"bullet\">6</span>The rate of processing of leaf litter, estimated by microbial respiration and nutrient quality of litter of resident riparian woodland taxa, was inhibited at all test concentrations of copper.</li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.1985.tb00189.x","usgsCitation":"Leland, H.V., and Carter, J.L., 1985, Effects of copper on production of periphyton, nitrogen fixation and processing of leaf litter in a Sierra Nevada, California, stream: Freshwater Biology, v. 15, no. 2, p. 155-173, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1985.tb00189.x.","productDescription":"19 p. ","startPage":"155","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Convict Creek ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.84855270385742,\n              37.59444376462195\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.8416004180908,\n              37.60750012497884\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.81662368774413,\n              37.61776679867661\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.80246162414551,\n              37.61701894316063\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.79164695739745,\n              37.6081800809684\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.78546714782715,\n              37.61586315165877\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.79593849182129,\n              37.62286561307131\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.81430625915527,\n              37.62483706088789\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.83130073547365,\n              37.61994233558931\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.84855270385742,\n              37.615659186587635\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.85378837585449,\n              37.60716014465307\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.8523292541504,\n              37.596143941292326\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.84855270385742,\n              37.59444376462195\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d6303ce4b05ec799131107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leland, Harry V.","contributorId":51158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012848,"text":"70012848 - 1985 - Storm-induced response of a nearshore-bar system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T15:36:22.39189","indexId":"70012848","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storm-induced response of a nearshore-bar system","docAbstract":"<p><span>A nearshore-bar system was surveyed periodically through a storm and the following recovery period. The data showed a very rapid response of morphology to changing wave conditions and allowed various models on bar formation to be tested.</span></p><p><span>Under low-energy conditions prior to the storm a small bar was surveyed 13 m offshore. Both the high reflectivity of the beach and the cross-shore distance to the bar are consistent with a model of sediment convergence at the node or antinode of a standing wave of incident period. Such a small-scale bar may be a common feature on beaches with steep foreshores and more gentle offshore slopes.</span></p><p><span>With the increase in wave height during the storm, the bar became better developed and migrated offshore at rates up to 2.2 m h<sup>−1</sup>. The bar maintained its form in that the ratio of trough depth to crest depth (<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>h</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>t</mtext></mn></msub><mtext>h</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>c</mtext></mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">h<sub>t</sub>h<sub>c</sub></span></span></span>) remained roughly constant. The bar was in no way related to processes which would cause the convergence of sediment in the breaker zone; through most of the storm the bar-crest distance offshore was typically only 10% of the surf-zone width. Analysis of the bar distance offshore in terms of a standing wave motion showed that the causative wave period must have been much longer than that of incident waves, probably on the order of a minute. Surf-zone wave data showed significant energy in the infragravity band at these periods although no definite link has been made.</span></p><p><span>After the height of the storm, the bar had a crescentic morphology. The development of this morphology occurred very rapidly with parts of the bar migrating onshore at rates up to 1.2 m h<sup>−1</sup>. In contrast to the storm, during the recovery period&nbsp;<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>h</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>t</mtext></mn></msub><mtext>h</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>c</mtext></mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">h<sub>t</sub>h<sub>c</sub></span></span></span>&nbsp;varied by nearly a factor of three. Analysis of the offshore and longshore length scales showed the bar to be similar to one which would be generated by a standing mode 1 edge wave of period on the order of one minute.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(85)90107-0","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, A.H., Holman, R.A., and Birkemeier, W., 1985, Storm-induced response of a nearshore-bar system: Marine Geology, v. 64, no. 3-4, p. 237-257, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90107-0.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"257","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9880e4b08c986b31c06e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury H Jr.","contributorId":21091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holman, Robert A.","contributorId":37896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":364665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Birkemeier, W.A.","contributorId":8997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birkemeier","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222023,"text":"5222023 - 1985 - Recent Red-shouldered Hawk range expansion north into Oregon including first specimen record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-09T16:00:10.979016","indexId":"5222023","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2793,"text":"Murrelet","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent Red-shouldered Hawk range expansion north into Oregon including first specimen record","docAbstract":"<p> In this paper we review 46 Red-shouldered Hawk (<i>Buteo lineatus</i>) observation records from Oregon between 1971 and 1983. The literature contained only two records prior to 1971: Johnson's (1880) record without a specific date or locality from the Willamette Valley of western Oregon, and Bendire's (1892) two nests located in 1878 near Camp Harney in eastern Oregon. Gabrielson and Jewett (1940) placed the species on the Oregon hypothetical list because they doubted the validity of the previous identifications. However, Browning (1973) measured the eggs collected by Bendire, reviewed his field notes, and concluded that there was ample evidence the species had occurred in Oregon despite the absence of records for nearly 100 years.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","doi":"10.2307/3535467","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., and Cornely, J.E., 1985, Recent Red-shouldered Hawk range expansion north into Oregon including first specimen record: Murrelet, v. 66, no. 1, p. 29-31, https://doi.org/10.2307/3535467.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"31","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18558,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3535467","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":5222031,"text":"5222031 - 1985 - Density-production characteristics of box-nesting wood ducks in a northern greentree impoundment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T17:00:14.379389","indexId":"5222031","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density-production characteristics of box-nesting wood ducks in a northern greentree impoundment","docAbstract":"<p>Nesting wood ducks (<i>Aix sponsa</i>) were studied for 7 years (1973-79) following placement of nest boxes within a 250-ha experimental greentree impoundment located at the Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge in central New York. Wood ducks filled available nesting space in the 3rd year of the study. As nesting space became saturated, density strife was reflected in dump nesting, nest desertion, and reduced hatchability. By the 5th year of study, nesting interference had reduced nesting efficiency to 22%. Discontinued flooding of the impoundment during the last 2 years of the study reduced the density of breeding pairs and restored nesting efficiency to 50 and 60%, respectively. Egg pecking by northern flickers (<i>Colaptes auratus</i>) increased as the study progressed and contributed to nest desertion. Dump nesting contributed efficiently to production under low density breeding conditions and permitted greater use of nest sites with a moderate but progressive decline in nesting efficiency as the population expanded. Total nest starts correlated negatively with nesting efficiency (r = -0.75, P &lt; 0.05) and positively with the number of dump nests (r = +0.96, P&lt; 0.01), number of deserted dump nests (r = +0.77, P&lt; 0.05), and number of ducklings left in nest boxes (r = +0.77, P &lt; 0.05). Mark-recapture estimates of day-old duckling production showed a sharp increase in production from tree cavities from 1973 to 1974, a probable result of a rapidly expanding nesting population and removal of raccoons (<i>Procyon lotor</i>) from the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801547","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., and Thompson, D., 1985, Density-production characteristics of box-nesting wood ducks in a northern greentree impoundment: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 49, no. 2, p. 429-436, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801547.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"436","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196483,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.83024898400049,\n              43.03566932645634\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.83024898400049,\n              42.955003247362725\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.72566203353658,\n              42.955003247362725\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.72566203353658,\n              43.03566932645634\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.83024898400049,\n              43.03566932645634\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66eb20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, D.Q.","contributorId":50991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001575,"text":"1001575 - 1985 - Evaluation of marked-recapture for estimating striped skunk abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T16:02:01.786644","indexId":"1001575","displayToPublicDate":"1985-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of marked-recapture for estimating striped skunk abundance","docAbstract":"<p>The mark-recapture method for estimating striped skunk (<i>Mephitis mephitis</i>) abundance was evaluated by systematically livetrapping a radio-equipped population on a 31.4-km2 study area in North Dakota during late April of 1977 and 1978. The study population was 10 females and 13 males in 1977 and 20 females and 8 males in 1978. Skunks were almost exclusively nocturnal. Males traveled greater nightly distances than females (3.3 vs. 2.6 km, P &lt; 0.05) and had larger home ranges (308 vs. 242 ha) although not significantly so. Increased windchill reduced night-time activity. The population was demographically but not geographically closed. Frequency of capture was positively correlated with time skunks spent on the study area. Little variation in capture probabilities was found among trap-nights. Skunks exhibited neither trap-proneness nor shyness. Capture rates in 1977 were higher for males than for females; the reverse occurred in 1978. Variation in individual capture rates was indicated among males in 1977 and among females in 1978. Ten estimators produced generally similar results, but all underestimated true population size. Underestimation was a function of the number of untrapped skunks, primarily those that spent limited time on the study area. The jackknife method produced the best estimates of skunk abundance.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801526","usgsCitation":"Greenwood, R.J., Sargeant, A.B., and Johnson, D.H., 1985, Evaluation of marked-recapture for estimating striped skunk abundance: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 49, no. 2, p. 332-340, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801526.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"332","endPage":"340","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133782,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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,{"id":70207666,"text":"70207666 - 1985 - Selected environmental decisionmaking processes related to developments in the Gulf of Mexico region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-02T17:57:22","indexId":"70207666","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-31T17:51:16","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Selected environmental decisionmaking processes related to developments in the Gulf of Mexico region","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the workshop on strategic planning for the coastal marine environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Workshop on Strategic Planning for the Coastal Marine Environment","conferenceDate":"March 26-28, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Wolfville, NS","language":"English","publisher":"DPA Group, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Johnston, J.B., 1985, Selected environmental decisionmaking processes related to developments in the Gulf of Mexico region, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the workshop on strategic planning for the coastal marine environment, Wolfville, NS, March 26-28, 1985.","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.8466796875,\n              21.779905342529645\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0234375,\n              22.958393318086348\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.38671875,\n              24.686952411999155\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.30957031249999,\n              27.01998400798257\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8369140625,\n              29.152161283318915\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.9794921875,\n              30.06909396443887\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.3857421875,\n              29.80251790576445\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.3525390625,\n              30.486550842588485\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.20898437499999,\n              30.372875188118016\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.69238281249999,\n              30.031055426540206\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.087890625,\n              29.19053283229458\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.9228515625,\n              29.152161283318915\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.97753906249999,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.3505859375,\n              29.53522956294847\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.3173828125,\n              29.036960648558267\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.294921875,\n              27.527758206861886\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.6025390625,\n              25.799891182088334\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.6904296875,\n              21.08450008351735\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.8466796875,\n              21.6778482933475\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.8466796875,\n              21.779905342529645\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, James B.","contributorId":78039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208747,"text":"70208747 - 1985 - Miocene diatoms from the Hawthorn Formation, Thomas County, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T11:48:22","indexId":"70208747","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-31T11:58:08","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1142,"text":"Bulletins of American Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Miocene diatoms from the Hawthorn Formation, Thomas County, Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Research Institution","usgsCitation":"Andrews, G.W., and Abbott, W.H., 1985, Miocene diatoms from the Hawthorn Formation, Thomas County, Georgia: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 87, no. 321, p. 53-109.","productDescription":"47 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"109","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Thomas County","otherGeospatial":"Hawthorn Foundation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.0867805480957,\n              30.980699761540432\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.06090259552002,\n              30.980699761540432\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.06090259552002,\n              30.998505947219893\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0867805480957,\n              30.998505947219893\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0867805480957,\n              30.980699761540432\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"321","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, George William","contributorId":62995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbott, William H.","contributorId":222818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abbott","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70209251,"text":"70209251 - 1985 - GLORIA II sonograph mosaic of the western U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-25T13:02:52","indexId":"70209251","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-25T12:56:07","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GLORIA II sonograph mosaic of the western U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 1983 the United States declared sovereign rights and jurisdiction over living and nonliving resources in an area extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) seaward from its shores. In response to the establishment of this Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has implemented a program, called EEZ‐Scan, to systematically map the EEZ, using the Geological Long‐ Range Inclined ASDIC (GLORIA) II longrange side scan sonar system developed by the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences (IOS) of Great Britain [Somers et al, 1978]. The first part of the EEZ‐Scan field program was completed in the summer of 1984, when USGS and IOS scientists surveyed the EEZ off the western conterminous United States aboard the British research vessel Farnella (Figure 1). The west coast survey, requiring 96 days of ship time and four separate legs, has resulted in virtually total sonograph coverage of the sea floor from the continental shelf break to the 200‐nautical mile limit between the Mexican and Canadian borders, an area of about 850,000 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;. Other data collected on the cruises included two‐channel digital seismic reflection and 3.5‐kHz highresolution and 10‐kHz bathymetric profiles, as well as towed magnetometer data along approximately 20,000 km of trackline spaced nominally at 30‐km intervals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/EO066i030p00553","usgsCitation":"Cacchione, D., Drake, D., Edwards, B., Field, M., Gardner, J., Hampton, M., Karl, H., McCulloch, D.S., Kenyon, N.H., and Masson, D., 1985, GLORIA II sonograph mosaic of the western U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 66, no. 30, p. 553-555, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO066i030p00553.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"555","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.068359375,\n              48.04870994288686\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.408203125,\n              47.100044694025215\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.49609375,\n              41.244772343082076\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.826171875,\n              35.53222622770337\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1015625,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              32.76880048488168\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.28906250000001,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.892578125,\n              40.713955826286046\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.24414062499999,\n              44.59046718130883\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.8046875,\n              46.01222384063236\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.068359375,\n              48.04870994288686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":785567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, B. 0000-0002-4655-8208","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4655-8208","contributorId":65368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Field, M.","contributorId":54003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardner, J.","contributorId":18176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hampton, M.","contributorId":75860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Karl, H.","contributorId":40213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCulloch, David S. dmccullo@usgs.gov","contributorId":3100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"David","email":"dmccullo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":785574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kenyon, Neil H.","contributorId":89535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenyon","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Masson, D.","contributorId":59564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":1007792,"text":"1007792 - 1985 - Stomatal mechanism as the basis of evolution of crassulacean acid metabolism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-03T23:15:15.945274","indexId":"1007792","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stomatal mechanism as the basis of evolution of crassulacean acid metabolism","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/314200c0","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., Osmond, C., and Raven, J., 1985, Stomatal mechanism as the basis of evolution of crassulacean acid metabolism: Nature, v. 314, p. 200-200, https://doi.org/10.1038/314200c0.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"200","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490579,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/314200c0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130142,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"314","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osmond, C.B.","contributorId":108061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osmond","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raven, J.A.","contributorId":83477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raven","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012178,"text":"70012178 - 1985 - Uranium-series dating of sediments from Searles Lake: Differences between continental and marine climate records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T16:37:09.211605","indexId":"70012178","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium-series dating of sediments from Searles Lake: Differences between continental and marine climate records","docAbstract":"<p><span>One of the major unresolved questions in Pleistocene paleoclimatology has been whether continental climatic transitions are consistent with the glacial δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O marine record. Searles Lake in California, now a dry salt pan, is underlain by sediment layers deposited in a succession of lakes whose levels and salinities have fluctuated in response to changes in climate over the last 3 × 10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;years. Uranium-series dates on the salt beds range from 35 × 10</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;to 231 × 10</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;years. This range of dates allows identification of lake-sediment horizons that are time correlatives of the boundaries of marine isotope stages from the recent 3/4 boundary back to the 8/9 boundary. The 5/6 boundary coincided with a deepening of the lake, but the analogous 1/2 boundary coincided with desiccation. The 3/4, 4/5, 6/7, 7/8, and 8/9 boundaries correspond in age to horizons that record little or no change in sedimentation or climate. These hydrologic results demonstrate that the continental paleoclimate record at this mid-latitude site does not mimic the marine record.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.227.4691.1222","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., Rosenbauer, R.J., and Smith, G.I., 1985, Uranium-series dating of sediments from Searles Lake: Differences between continental and marine climate records: Science, v. 227, no. 4691, p. 1222-1224, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4691.1222.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1222","endPage":"1224","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Searles Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.40087461036393,\n              35.79349271401435\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.40087461036393,\n              35.6452953903202\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.23120813918258,\n              35.6452953903202\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.23120813918258,\n              35.79349271401435\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.40087461036393,\n              35.79349271401435\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"227","issue":"4691","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbdfee4b08c986b329350","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":362931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":92637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":362933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70226903,"text":"70226903 - 1985 - A constitutive equation for mass-movement behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T20:26:15.029186","indexId":"70226903","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-01T14:22:02","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A constitutive equation for mass-movement behavior","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-lg-9 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body show-references \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>A phenomenological constitutive equation can serve as a basis for modeling and classifying mass-movement processes. The equation is derived using the principles of continuum mechanics and several simplifying assumptions about mass-movement behavior. These assumptions represent idealizations of field behavior, but they appear highly justifiable in light of the geomorphological insight that can be gained through modeling application of a mathematically tractable constitutive equation. The equation represents coupled pressure-dependent plastic yield and nonlinear viscous flow deformation components. The plastic yield component is a generalization of the Coulomb criterion to three-dimensional stress states, and the effect of pore-water pressures is accounted for by treating normal stresses as effective stresses. The nonlinear viscous flow component is a dimensionally homogeneous form of a three-dimensional power-law equation. Straightforward laboratory and field experiments can be used to estimate all plastic and viscous parameters in the constitutive equation. Reduction of the three-dimensional constitutive equation to two-and one-dimensional forms shows that it embodies, as special cases, many other constitutive models for mass movement. These include models of creeping, slumping, sliding, and flowing types of deformation. The equation may, therefore, serve as a conceptual basis for rheological classification of diverse mass-movement phenomena.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/628937","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., 1985, A constitutive equation for mass-movement behavior: Journal of Geology, v. 93, no. 2, p. 143-160, https://doi.org/10.1086/628937.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"160","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120936,"text":"70120936 - 1985 - Effects of flood control alternatives on fish and wildlife resources of the Malheur-Harney lakes basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T14:26:41","indexId":"70120936","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-01T14:15:31","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"WELUT-85/W06","title":"Effects of flood control alternatives on fish and wildlife resources of the Malheur-Harney lakes basin","docAbstract":"<p>Malheur Lake is the largest freshwater marsh in the western contiguous United States and is one of the main management units of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Oregon. The marsh provides excellent waterfowl production habitat as well as vital migration habitats for birds in the Pacific flyway. Water shortages have typically been a problem in this semiarid area; however, record snowfalls and cool summers have recently caused Malheur Lake to rise to its highest level in recorded history. This has resulted in the loss of approximately 57,000 acres of important wildlife habitat as well as extensive flooding of local ranches, roads, and railroad lines. Because of the importance of the Refuge, any water management plan for the Malheur-Harney Lakes Basin needs to consider the impact of management alternatives on the hydrology of Malheur Lake.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The facilitated modeling workshop described in this report was conducted January 14-18, 1985, under the joint sponsorship of the Portland Ecological Services Field Office and the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Region 1, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). The Portland Field Office is responsible for FWS reporting requirements on Federal water resource projects while the Refuge staff has management responsibility for much of the land affected by high water levels in the Malheur-Harney Lakes Basin. The primary objective of the workshop was to begin gathering and analyzing information concerning potential fish and wildlife impacts, needs, and opportunities associated with proposed U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) flood control alternatives for Malheur Lake. The workshop was structured around the formulation of a computer model that would simulate the hydrologic effects of the various alternatives and any concommitant changes in vegetation communities and wildlife use patterns.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The simulation model is composed of three connected submodels. The Hydrology submodel calculates changes in lake volume, elevation, and surface area, as well as changes in water quality, that result from the proposed water management projects (upstream storage, upstream diversions, drainage canals) and the no action alternative. The Vegetation submodel determines associated changes in the areal extent of wetland and upland vegetation communities. Finally, the Wildlife submodel calculates indices of abundance or habitat suitability for colonial nesting birds (great egret, double-crested cormorant, white-faced ibis), greater sandhill crane, diving ducks, tundra swan, dabbling ducks, and Canada goose based on hydrologic and vegetation conditions. The model represents the Malheur-Harney Lakes Basin, but provides water quantity and quality indicators associated with additional flows that might occur in the Malheur River Basin. Several management scenarios, representing various flood control alternatives and assumptions concerning future runoff, were run to analyze model behavior. Scenario results are not intended as an analysis of all potential management actions or assumptions concerning future runoff. Rather, they demonstrate the type of analysis that could be conducted if the model was sufficiently refined and tested.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Early in a model development project, the <u>process</u> of building the model is usually of greater benefit than the model itself.  The model building process stimulates interaction among agencies, assists in integrating existing information, and helps identify research needs.  These benefits usually accrue even in the absence of real predictive power in the resulting model.  This workshop initiated interaction among the primary State and Federal resource and development agencies in a nonadversarial forum.  The exchange of information and expertise among agencies provided the FWS with the best information currently available for use in the Planning Aid Letter it will develop at the Reconnaissance state of the COE study.  If the COE subsequently initiates a Feasability Study, this information will be refined further and will aid the FWS in preparing its Coordination Act Report on any flood control alternative proposed by the COE.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The model building and testing process also helped identify model limitations and more general information needs that should be evaluated for further study prior to preparation of an FWS Coordination Act Report.  Major needs associated with the Hydrology submodel include a more detailed representation of hydrologic units (separately consider Harney Lake, Mud Lake, and Malheur Lake or the three hydrological units within Malheur Lake, rather than a combined lake system) and explicitly representation of groundwater storage and discharge in water budget calculations.  A better representation of the hydrological units will require more detailed topographic data for the basin, capacity-elevation and elevation-surface area curves for each unit, and better water flow data between the units.  Additional water quality parameters and constraints on proposed canal operation due to conditions in the Malheur River might also be added.  Key Vegetation submodel needs include fine-tuning existing vegetation relationships in the model and adding relationships to address the influence of historical conditions on vegetation development, effects of very rapid changes in lake level, effects of wildlife populations (e.g., carp, muskrat), responses of vegetation to habitat management actions (e.g, haying, grazing, burning), and better representation of sago pondweed dynamics.  A complementary geographic information system might also be developed for spatial analyses.  Major needs that should be evaluated for the Wildlife submodel include addition of other wildlife species that have important effects on habitat on the Refuge (e.g., carp, muskrat) and consideration of additional life-cycle requisites and controlling variable for species presently in the model.  Some of these limitations could perhaps be overcome if historical data on habitat conditions were developed to use with historical data on wildlife populations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.B., Auble, G.T., Ellison, R.A., and Roelle, J.E., 1985, Effects of flood control alternatives on fish and wildlife resources of the Malheur-Harney lakes basin, 51 p.","productDescription":"51 p.","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Malheur Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.974578,43.253095 ], [ -118.974578,43.415232 ], [ -118.629841,43.415232 ], [ -118.629841,43.253095 ], [ -118.974578,43.253095 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fe1e4b033341871890d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellison, Richard A.","contributorId":19087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221509,"text":"5221509 - 1985 - Metals in riparian wildlife of the lead mining district of southeastern Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T16:16:10.144432","indexId":"5221509","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-01T12:18:58","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metals in riparian wildlife of the lead mining district of southeastern Missouri","docAbstract":"<p><span>Five species of riparian vertebrates (425 individuals) primarily representing upper trophic levels were collected from the Big River and Black River drainages in two lead mining districts of southeastern Missouri, 1981–82. Big River is subject to metal pollution via erosion and seepage from large tailings piles from inactive lead mines. Black River drains part of a currently mined area. Bullfrogs (</span><i>Rana catesbeiana</i><span>), muskrats (</span><i>Ondatra zibethicus</i><span>), and green-backed herons (</span><i>Butorides striatus</i><span>) collected downstream from the source of metal contamination to Big River had significantly (ANOVA, P&lt;0.05) higher lead and cadmium levels than specimens collected at either an uncontaminated upstream site or on Black River. Northern water snakes (</span><i>Nerodia sipedon</i><span>) had elevated lead levels below the tailings source, but did not seem to accumulate cadmium. Levels of lead, cadmium, or zinc in northern rough-winged swallows (</span><i>Stelgidopteryx serripennis</i><span>) were not related to collecting locality. Carcasses of ten bank swallows (</span><i>Riparia riparia</i><span>) collected from a colony nesting in a tailings pile along the Big River had lead concentrations of 2.0–39 ppm wet weight. Differences between zinc concentrations in vertebrates collected from contaminated and uncontaminated sites were less apparent than differences in lead and cadmium. There was little relationship between metal concentrations in the animals studied and their trophic levels. Bullfrogs are the most promising species examined for monitoring environmental levels of lead, cadmium, and zinc. Downstream from the source of tailings, bullfrogs had markedly higher levels of these metals in most of their tissues. The species is also widely distributed in North America, easily caught, and relatively sedentary.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055614","usgsCitation":"Niethammer, K.R., Atkinson, R.D., Baskett, T.S., and Samson, F., 1985, Metals in riparian wildlife of the lead mining district of southeastern Missouri: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 213-223, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055614.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.37736330613384,\n              38.32204352972872\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.38571564039732,\n              38.32204352972872\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.38571564039732,\n              36.80213381856626\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.37736330613384,\n              36.80213381856626\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.37736330613384,\n              38.32204352972872\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62876d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niethammer, K. R.","contributorId":74832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niethammer","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkinson, Richard D.","contributorId":90169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baskett, Thomas S.","contributorId":48615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskett","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samson, Fred B.","contributorId":29865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samson","given":"Fred B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70202116,"text":"70202116 - 1985 - Remote sensing of lunar pyroclastic mantling deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T12:17:21","indexId":"70202116","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-01T12:15:30","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing of lunar pyroclastic mantling deposits","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mantling deposits on the Moon are considered to be pyroclastic units emplaced on the lunar surface as a result of explosive fire fountaining. These pyroclastic units are characterized as having low albedos, having smooth fine-textured surfaces, and consisting in part of homogeneous, Febearing volcanic glass and partially crystallized spheres. Mantling units exhibit low returns on depolarized 3.8-cm radar maps, indicating an absence of surface scatterers in the 1- to 50-cm-size range. A number of reflectance spectra from several regional pyroclastic deposits are presented for the first time; these data support a previous interpretation that mantling units have a unique spectral signature which is indicative of the presence of a significant Fe-bearing volcanic glass component. The Rima Bode region is discussed as an example of an area in which several types of remote sensing data (including 3.8-cm radar, spectral reflectance, and multispectral vidicon data) were used to reconstruct the geologic events surrounding the emplacement of a regional pyroclastic mantling deposit. The recognition of numerous varieties of volcanic glass samples, especially relatively high-albedo (e.g., green, yellow) glasses, suggests the existence of additional, unrecognized mantling deposits with albedos higher than those studied to date. On the basis of the remote sensing data summarized and presented, five new areas have been identified which may represent higher-albedo regional pyroclastic deposits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(85)90136-8","usgsCitation":"Gaddis, L.R., Pieters, C.M., and Hawke, B.R., 1985, Remote sensing of lunar pyroclastic mantling deposits: Icarus, v. 61, no. 3, p. 461-489, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(85)90136-8.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"489","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pieters, Carle M.","contributorId":193891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pieters","given":"Carle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawke, B. Ray","contributorId":76570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawke","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}