{"pageNumber":"5004","pageRowStart":"125075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":5221509,"text":"5221509 - 1985 - Metals in riparian wildlife of the lead mining district of southeastern Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T16:16:10.144432","indexId":"5221509","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-01T12:18:58","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metals in riparian wildlife of the lead mining district of southeastern Missouri","docAbstract":"<p><span>Five species of riparian vertebrates (425 individuals) primarily representing upper trophic levels were collected from the Big River and Black River drainages in two lead mining districts of southeastern Missouri, 1981–82. Big River is subject to metal pollution via erosion and seepage from large tailings piles from inactive lead mines. Black River drains part of a currently mined area. Bullfrogs (</span><i>Rana catesbeiana</i><span>), muskrats (</span><i>Ondatra zibethicus</i><span>), and green-backed herons (</span><i>Butorides striatus</i><span>) collected downstream from the source of metal contamination to Big River had significantly (ANOVA, P&lt;0.05) higher lead and cadmium levels than specimens collected at either an uncontaminated upstream site or on Black River. Northern water snakes (</span><i>Nerodia sipedon</i><span>) had elevated lead levels below the tailings source, but did not seem to accumulate cadmium. Levels of lead, cadmium, or zinc in northern rough-winged swallows (</span><i>Stelgidopteryx serripennis</i><span>) were not related to collecting locality. Carcasses of ten bank swallows (</span><i>Riparia riparia</i><span>) collected from a colony nesting in a tailings pile along the Big River had lead concentrations of 2.0–39 ppm wet weight. Differences between zinc concentrations in vertebrates collected from contaminated and uncontaminated sites were less apparent than differences in lead and cadmium. There was little relationship between metal concentrations in the animals studied and their trophic levels. Bullfrogs are the most promising species examined for monitoring environmental levels of lead, cadmium, and zinc. Downstream from the source of tailings, bullfrogs had markedly higher levels of these metals in most of their tissues. The species is also widely distributed in North America, easily caught, and relatively sedentary.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055614","usgsCitation":"Niethammer, K.R., Atkinson, R.D., Baskett, T.S., and Samson, F., 1985, Metals in riparian wildlife of the lead mining district of southeastern Missouri: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 213-223, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055614.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.37736330613384,\n              38.32204352972872\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.38571564039732,\n              38.32204352972872\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.38571564039732,\n              36.80213381856626\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.37736330613384,\n              36.80213381856626\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.37736330613384,\n              38.32204352972872\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62876d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niethammer, K. R.","contributorId":74832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niethammer","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkinson, Richard D.","contributorId":90169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baskett, Thomas S.","contributorId":48615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskett","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samson, Fred B.","contributorId":29865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samson","given":"Fred B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70202116,"text":"70202116 - 1985 - Remote sensing of lunar pyroclastic mantling deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T12:17:21","indexId":"70202116","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-01T12:15:30","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing of lunar pyroclastic mantling deposits","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mantling deposits on the Moon are considered to be pyroclastic units emplaced on the lunar surface as a result of explosive fire fountaining. These pyroclastic units are characterized as having low albedos, having smooth fine-textured surfaces, and consisting in part of homogeneous, Febearing volcanic glass and partially crystallized spheres. Mantling units exhibit low returns on depolarized 3.8-cm radar maps, indicating an absence of surface scatterers in the 1- to 50-cm-size range. A number of reflectance spectra from several regional pyroclastic deposits are presented for the first time; these data support a previous interpretation that mantling units have a unique spectral signature which is indicative of the presence of a significant Fe-bearing volcanic glass component. The Rima Bode region is discussed as an example of an area in which several types of remote sensing data (including 3.8-cm radar, spectral reflectance, and multispectral vidicon data) were used to reconstruct the geologic events surrounding the emplacement of a regional pyroclastic mantling deposit. The recognition of numerous varieties of volcanic glass samples, especially relatively high-albedo (e.g., green, yellow) glasses, suggests the existence of additional, unrecognized mantling deposits with albedos higher than those studied to date. On the basis of the remote sensing data summarized and presented, five new areas have been identified which may represent higher-albedo regional pyroclastic deposits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(85)90136-8","usgsCitation":"Gaddis, L.R., Pieters, C.M., and Hawke, B.R., 1985, Remote sensing of lunar pyroclastic mantling deposits: Icarus, v. 61, no. 3, p. 461-489, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(85)90136-8.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"489","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pieters, Carle M.","contributorId":193891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pieters","given":"Carle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawke, B. Ray","contributorId":76570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawke","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70120900,"text":"70120900 - 1985 - Effects of flow alterations on trout, angling, and recreation in the Chattahoochee River between Buford Dam and Peachtree Creek","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T12:01:45","indexId":"70120900","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-01T11:56:51","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Effects of flow alterations on trout, angling, and recreation in the Chattahoochee River between Buford Dam and Peachtree Creek","docAbstract":"<p>In 1974 county governments in the Atlanta vicinity realized that \ndemands on the Chattahoochee River for water supply plus the streamflow \nrequired for water quality nearly equaled the minimum flow in the river. \nIncreased demands for water supply in the following years could not be \nsupplied under the then existing flow regime in the river. In response \nto the anticipated shortage of water, the Atlanta Regional Commission, a \nmulticounty agency responsible for comprehensive regional planning in \nthe Atlanta region, was contracted to prepare water demand projections \nto the year 2010 and identify alternatives for meeting projected water \ndemands. The results of this study are published in an extensive final \nreport, the Metropolitan Atlanta Area Water Resources Management Study \n(1981). Requests for copies should be directed to the District \nEngineer, Savannah District.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Many of the identified alternatives to increase future water supply \nfor the Atlanta area would result in modifications to the present flow \nregime within the Chattahoochee River between Buford Dam (river mile \n348.3) and its confluence with Peachtree Creek (river mile 300.5). The \npresent preferred alternative is construction of a reregulation dam at \nabout river mile 342. The proposed reregulation dam would release a \nmuch more constant flow than the peaking flows presently released from \nBuford Dam (generally, a maximum release of approximately 9000 cfs or \nminimum release of about 550 cfs) by storing the generation releases \nfrom Buford Dam for gradual release during non-generation periods. The anticipated minimum release from the rereg dam would he approximately \n1U5U cfs (based on contractual obligations to the Southeast Power \nAdministration to supply a minimum of 11 hours of peaking power per week \nfrom Buford Dam). The average annual release from the proposed \nreregulation dam into the Chattahoochee River would be approximately \n2000 cfs (based on USGS flow records) and the median release would he \napproximately 1500 cfs (value obtained from Savannah District). The \nproposed reregulation dam would have sufficient storage to provide some \nopportunity for flow management to optimize uses other than water supply \nand water quality.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flow modifications (and resultant water quality changes) within \nthis reach of the Chattahoochee River to meet increased demands for \nwater supply may have an effect on other beneficial uses of this \nimportant natural resource. In addition to supplying a significant \nproportion of the water supply for metropolitan Atlanta and providing \nfor water quality, the Chattahoochee River also is used extensively for \nrecreation and supports a valuable trout fishery. Altered flows in the \nchannel to meet water supply needs may have an impact on river \nrecreation and trout habitat.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"Vicksburg, MS","usgsCitation":"Nestler, J.M., Milhouse, R.T., Troxel, J., and Fritschen, J.A., 1985, Effects of flow alterations on trout, angling, and recreation in the Chattahoochee River between Buford Dam and Peachtree Creek, 322 p.","productDescription":"322 p.","numberOfPages":"322","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.1923,33.059 ], [ -85.1923,34.7307 ], [ -83.6154,34.7307 ], [ -83.6154,33.059 ], [ -85.1923,33.059 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fe2e4b033341871890f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nestler, John M.","contributorId":55754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nestler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milhouse, Robert T.","contributorId":68233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhouse","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troxel, Jay","contributorId":41758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troxel","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fritschen, Janet A.","contributorId":88661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritschen","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014236,"text":"1014236 - 1985 - Use of otoliths to determine age and growth of largemouth bass in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-09T16:55:52.057251","indexId":"1014236","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of otoliths to determine age and growth of largemouth bass in Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>The annual formation of otolith annuli was validated through age 5 for Florida largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus. Sectioned otoliths (sagittae) gave more reliable ages than whole otoliths. Beginning at age 2, at least one annulus was obscure in some whole‐otolith mounts, a problem that worsened with fish age. By age 5, over 20% of the whole otoliths gave under‐estimates of true age; otoliths producing these errors came from fish with slower than average growth rates. Sectioned otoliths gave poorer regressions (lower coefficients of determination) of otolith radius on body length than intact structures because the sectioning plane varied slightly among otoliths. Nevertheless, back calculations of fish size and growth from sectioned and correctly aged whole otoliths were equally accurate. Otolith sectioning is the procedure of choice for age‐and‐growth analysis of Florida largemouth bass. Whole otoliths, however, require much less time for analysis than sectioned ones and may be used for rapidly growing fish and fish known to be age 3 or younger.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1985)114<307:UOOTDA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hoyer, M., Shireman, J., and Maceina, M., 1985, Use of otoliths to determine age and growth of largemouth bass in Florida: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 114, no. 2, p. 307-309, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1985)114<307:UOOTDA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"309","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131728,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70012955,"text":"70012955 - 1985 - Late Pleistocene—Holocene geology of the central Virgin Island Platform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T15:47:15.758415","indexId":"70012955","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene—Holocene geology of the central Virgin Island Platform","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geophysical and sedimentological data collected on the central Virgin Islands insular shelf provide a unique opportunity to investigate carbonate shelf processes in an active tectonic environment. Although complicated by fluctuating sea level during the Quaternary, the sedimentological regimes have been controlled by the tectonic fragmentation of the region. South of St. John, a northeast-southwest intrusive ridge controlled the development of the shallow geology. Profiles across this region, seaward of the ridge, indicate the existence of a buried wave-cut platform. Resting on this eroded surface, at the shelf break, is a reef having a topographic relief of 55 m. This reef, which formed a protective barrier preserving a sequence of lagoonal deposits, has been radiometrically determined to have died ∼7000 yrs B.P., coinciding with the death of similar reefs in Florida and on the Island of St. Croix.</span></p><p><span>South of St. Thomas, the strata are horizontal and are bisected by east-west midshelf faults. Truncation of the shelf edge strata, northern drainage, and unconformities on the northern shelf indicate that this block was tilted to the north during the late Pleistocene. This limited reef development to a narrow zone on the southern shelf edge.</span></p><p><span>Geochemical, biological and sedimentological data indicate that the early to mid-Holocene was a time of vigorous shelf sedimentation. This accumulation peaked and abruptly stopped ∼1200 yrs B.P., due to continued subsidence. Since this time, most sediment accumulation has been limited to the immediate area around the islands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(85)90159-8","usgsCitation":"Holmes, C.W., and Kindinger, J.L., 1985, Late Pleistocene—Holocene geology of the central Virgin Island Platform: Marine Geology, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 41-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90159-8.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -65.1435484765767,\n              18.469680195550808\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.1435484765767,\n              18.27154943712459\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.53838815273235,\n              18.27154943712459\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.53838815273235,\n              18.469680195550808\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.1435484765767,\n              18.469680195550808\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a451be4b0c8380cd6703d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185587,"text":"70185587 - 1985 - Sorption of lead onto two gram-negative marine bacteria in seawater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:19:37","indexId":"70185587","displayToPublicDate":"1985-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption of lead onto two gram-negative marine bacteria in seawater","docAbstract":"<p><span>Laboratory adsorption experiments performed at environmentally significant lead (Pb) and cell concentrations indicate that the marine bacteria examined have significant binding capacities for Pb. However, the behavior governing Pb sorption onto gram-negative bacteria in seawater may be quite complex. The sorption kinetics appear to involve two distinct phases, i.e., a rapid removal of Pb from solution within the first few minutes, followed by a slow but nearly constant removal over many hours. Also, the average binding coefficient, calculated for Pb sorption onto bacteria and a measure of binding intensity, increases with decreasing sorption density (amounts of bacteria-associated Pb per unit bacterial surface) at low cell concentrations (10</span><sup>5</sup><span> cells ml</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), but decreases with decreasing sorption density at higher cell concentrations (10</span><sup>7</sup><span> cells ml</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). The latter effect is apparently due to the production of significant amounts of extra-cellular organics at high cell concentrations that compete directly with bacterial surfaces for available lead. Lead toxicity and active uptake by marine bacteria did not appear significant at the Pb concentrations used.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-4203(85)90044-1","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., and Leckie, J.O., 1985, Sorption of lead onto two gram-negative marine bacteria in seawater: Marine Chemistry, v. 15, no. 4, p. 333-344, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(85)90044-1.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"333","endPage":"344","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d6303ce4b05ec799131109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leckie, James O.","contributorId":77297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leckie","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70208670,"text":"70208670 - 1985 - Mid-Atlantic Ridge coccolith and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy, Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 558 and 563.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T12:48:32","indexId":"70208670","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-24T12:33:38","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-Atlantic Ridge coccolith and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy, Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 558 and 563.","docAbstract":"<p>Low-latitude coccolith zonation can be used for biostratigraphy at Mid-Atlantic Ridge sites DSDP 558 (lat. 38°N) and DSDP 563 (lat. 34°N). The low-latitude zonal sequence from lower Oligocene to Holocene is interrupted by coolwater assemblages in upper middle Miocene and by hiatuses that removed the lower Pliocene and part of the upper Pliocene. A gap in the range of zonal guide fossil Discoaster druggii in the lower Miocene, also identified in other ocean basins, occurs at both DSDP 558 and 563. Coccoliths are abundant and moderately overgrown at both sites. Pentaliths occur in the Oligocene at DSDP 563 but are missing at DSDP 558, probably the result of diagenesis. New taxa of coccoliths identified include Cyclolithellai neoaprica Bukry, n. sp., and Sphenolithus calyculus Bukry, n. sp. </p><p>Silicoflagellates are limited to the upper Quaternary at DSDP 558 with warm-water assemblages of the Dictyocha aculeata Zone and possibly the upper Mesocena quadrangula Zone, as indicated by the presence of Dictyocha lingii. A new silicoflagellate species, Distephanus floridus Bukry, n. sp., is described. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.82.135.1985","usgsCitation":"Bukry, D., 1985, Mid-Atlantic Ridge coccolith and silicoflagellate biostratigraphy, Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 558 and 563.: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 82, p. 591-603, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.82.135.1985.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"603","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.82.135.1985","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208669,"text":"70208669 - 1985 - Tropical Pacific silicoflagellate zonation and paleotemperature trends of the late Cenozoic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-25T06:56:24","indexId":"70208669","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-24T12:20:46","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tropical Pacific silicoflagellate zonation and paleotemperature trends of the late Cenozoic","docAbstract":"<p>Quantitative study of late Cenozoic silicoflagellates at tropical Pacific DSDP Sites 572 and 575 shows that the greatest amplitude of fluctuation in relative paleotemperature values occurred in the late Miocene. The coolest minimum paleotemperature values (near 75 = 30) also occurred in the late Miocene. The warmest intervals (Ts = 80 to 100) occurred in the middle Miocene and late Pliocene to Quaternary. In detail, the silicoflagellate relative paleotemperature curve correlates fairly well with the eustatic sea-level curve and deep-sea hiatus sequence. The only upper Cenozoic low-latitude biostratigraphic units not identified are the Distephanus speculum haliomma Subzone and Naviculopsis quadrata Zone, owing to the absence of the nominative species, which probably had nontropical ecologic preference. Several Naviculopsis occurrence events within the Naviculopsis ponticula Zone correlate between DSDP Hole 575A and DSDP Hole 495 off Guatemala. Many local and regional biostratigraphic events are recognized.</p><p> New taxa identified from DSDP Leg 85 include Dictyocha nola Bukry, n. sp., Distephanus stradneri var. grandis Bukry, n. var., Mesocena elliptica var. rhomboidea Bukry, n. van, and Naviculopsis obtusarca var. acicula Bukry, n. var. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.85.110.1985","usgsCitation":"Bukry, D., 1985, Tropical Pacific silicoflagellate zonation and paleotemperature trends of the late Cenozoic: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 85, p. 477-497, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.85.110.1985.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"477","endPage":"497","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.85.110.1985","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":" Locations of silicoflagellate-rich DSDP sites in the eastern Pacific","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.8046875,\n              42.68243539838623\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.08593749999997,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.6015625,\n              -11.5230875068685\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0234375,\n              -7.710991655433217\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5078125,\n              4.915832801313164\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.84374999999999,\n              14.604847155053898\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9609375,\n              25.48295117535531\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.828125,\n              32.76880048488168\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1015625,\n              38.34165619279595\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.8046875,\n              42.68243539838623\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"85","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70218180,"text":"70218180 - 1985 - Comment on “Possible Effects of Erosional Changes of the Topographic Relief on Pore Pressures at Depth” by J. Tóth and R. F. Millar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-18T13:24:19.518167","indexId":"70218180","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-18T07:20:15","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on “Possible Effects of Erosional Changes of the Topographic Relief on Pore Pressures at Depth” by J. Tóth and R. F. Millar","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i006p00895","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C.E., 1985, Comment on “Possible Effects of Erosional Changes of the Topographic Relief on Pore Pressures at Depth” by J. Tóth and R. F. Millar: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 6, p. 895-898, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i006p00895.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"895","endPage":"898","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/wr021i006p00895","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, Christopher E. 0000-0003-2022-4055 ceneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":2322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Christopher","email":"ceneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208365,"text":"70208365 - 1985 - Geochemistry of the gases in gas-hydrate-bearing sediments in the region of the Blake Outer Ridge, Atlantic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-06T06:46:38","indexId":"70208365","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-05T12:43:29","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1756,"text":"Geochemistry International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of the gases in gas-hydrate-bearing sediments in the region of the Blake Outer Ridge, Atlantic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Galimov, E., and Kvenvolden, K.A., 1985, Geochemistry of the gases in gas-hydrate-bearing sediments in the region of the Blake Outer Ridge, Atlantic Ocean: Geochemistry International, v. 22, no. 1, p. 106-112.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galimov, E.M.","contributorId":222242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galimov","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70208363,"text":"70208363 - 1985 - Gas hydrates on the northern California continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-05T12:35:47","indexId":"70208363","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-05T12:29:23","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas hydrates on the northern California continental margin","docAbstract":"<p>The inner continental margin of northern California is underlain by a well-defined and extensive acoustic reflector that crosses other reflectors and mimics the surface of the sea floor. This bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) lies at a typical subsurface depth of about 250 m and has been mapped continuously beneath the Klamath Plateau and upper slope (water depths of 800 to 1200 m) for a distance of more than 130 km; it covers an area of at least 3000 km<sup>2</sup>. Limited data show that the BSR extends northward into Oregon and seaward at least to the base of the slope (3000 m).</p><p>The water depths, subsurface depths, and pervasive nature of the BSR all suggest that it represents the base of a natural-gas hydrate. Using standard phase boundary diagrams for hydrate stability, we estimate the local geothermal gradient within the gas hydrate to be about 55 °C/km. This value is higher than that of most subduction margins and may be a result of the youthfulness of the subducting oceanic crust. This acoustically inferred gas hydrate is the first to be mapped on the western conterminous United States continental margin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<517:GHOTNC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Field, M.E., and Kvenvolden, K.A., 1985, Gas hydrates on the northern California continental margin: Geology, v. 13, no. 7, p. 517-520, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<517:GHOTNC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"520","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Northern California continental margin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.4583740234375,\n              40.371658891506094\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.98071289062499,\n              40.371658891506094\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.98071289062499,\n              41.92680320648791\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.4583740234375,\n              41.92680320648791\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.4583740234375,\n              40.371658891506094\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006959,"text":"70006959 - 1985 - Book Review: The microscopic pond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-22T16:52:57.314797","indexId":"70006959","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T14:04:59","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":707,"text":"American Biology Teacher","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book Review: The microscopic pond","docAbstract":"People have been fascinated by the variety of life in a drop of water since microscopes were invented.","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","doi":"10.2307/4447970","usgsCitation":"Terrell, T., 1985, Book Review: The microscopic pond: American Biology Teacher, v. 47, no. 2, p. 113-113, https://doi.org/10.2307/4447970.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"113","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260224,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f204e4b0c8380cd4af83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terrell, Terry T.","contributorId":14252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"Terry T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":115,"text":"115 - 1985 - Guidelines for safe geologic fieldwork in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-04T13:26:39","indexId":"115","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T13:24:33","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Guidelines for safe geologic fieldwork in Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/115","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, Branch of Alaskan Geology, Committee on Safety.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Guidelines for safe geologic fieldwork in Alaska (2d ed.), 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/115.","productDescription":"50 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.44,51.21 ], [ 172.44,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.44,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"2d ed.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e5ae4b0beb42bdca44b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120911,"text":"70120911 - 1985 - Fish and wildlife mitigation options for port development in Tampa Bay: results of a workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T13:08:31","indexId":"70120911","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T13:06:27","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"NCET Open File Report 85-2","title":"Fish and wildlife mitigation options for port development in Tampa Bay: results of a workshop","docAbstract":"This report records the results of a workshop held September 25-27, 1983, in Tampa, Florida. The organization of the report closely follows the organization of the workshop itself. The workshop began with a definition of objectives and several presentations providing general background. The context and objectives of the workshop are covered in the INTRODUCTION. A summary of the results of two group discussions is presented in the WORKSHOP RESULTS section. One group identified ways to conduct or locate port development activities in Tampa Bay so as to lessen their adverse impacts; the other group identified ways to compensate for unavoidable impacts by creating or improving important fish and wildlife habitats. Finally, the DISCUSSION section contains the authors' synthesis of more general comments made throughout the workshop, especially during the closing session.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Coastal Ecosystems Team","publisherLocation":"Slidell, LA","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Andrews, A.K., Hamilton, D.B., and Roelle, J.E., 1985, Fish and wildlife mitigation options for port development in Tampa Bay: results of a workshop, 36 p.","productDescription":"36 p.","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.755578,27.520902 ], [ -82.755578,27.838234 ], [ -82.449468,27.838234 ], [ -82.449468,27.520902 ], [ -82.755578,27.520902 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fe5e4b033341871891d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Austin K.","contributorId":85516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70121028,"text":"70121028 - 1985 - Environmental systems and management activities on the Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida: results of a modeling workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T10:26:37","indexId":"70121028","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T09:53:42","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"WELUT-85/W05","title":"Environmental systems and management activities on the Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida: results of a modeling workshop","docAbstract":"<p>In the early 1960's, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) began purchasing 140,000 acres on Merritt Island, Florida, in order to develop a center for space exploration.  Most of this land was acquired to provide a safety and security buffer around NASA facilities.  NASA, as the managing agency for the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), is responsible for preventing or controlling environmental pollution from the Federal facilities and activities at the Space Center and is committed to use all practicable means to protect and enhance the quality of the surrounding environment.  The Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1963 when management authority for undeveloped lands at KSC was transferred to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In addition to manage for 11 Federally-listed threatened and endangered species and other resident and migratory fish and wildlife populations, the Refuge has comanagement responsibility for 19,000 acres of mosquito control impoundments and 2,500 acres of citrus groves.  The Canaveral National Seashore was developed in 1975 when management of a portion of the coastal lands was transferred from NASA to the National Park Service.  This multiagency jurisdiction on Merritt Island has resulted in a complex management environment.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The modeling workshop described in this report was conducted May 21-25, 1984, at the Kennedy Space Center to: (1) enhance communication among the agencies with management responsibilities on Merritt Island; (2) integrate available information concerning the development, management, and ecology of Merritt Island; and (3) identify key research and monitoring needs associated with the management and use of the island's resources.  The workshop was structured around the formulation of a model that would simulate primary management and use activities on Merritt Island and their effects on upland, impoundment, and estuarine vegetation and associated wildlife.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The simulation model is composed of four connected submodels.  The Uplands submodel calculates changes in acres and structural components of vegetation communities resulting from succession, fire, facilities development, and shuttle launch depositions, as well as the quantity and quality of surface runoff and aquifer input to an impoundment and an estuary.  The Impoundment submodel next determines water quality and quantity and changes in vegetation resulting from water level manipulation and prescribed burning.  The Estuary submodel than determines water quality parameters and acres of seagrass beds.  Finally, the Wildlife submodel calculates habitat suitability indices for key species of interest, based on vegetation conditions in the uplands and impoundments and on several hydrologic parameters.  The model represents a hypothetical management unit with 2,500 acres of uplands, a 600-acre impoundment, and a 1,500-acre section of estuary.  Two management scenarios were run to analyze model behavior.  The scenarios differ in the frequency of shuttle launches and prescribed burning, the extent of facilities development, the amount of land disposed waste material applied, and the nature and timing of impoundment water level control.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Early in a model development project, the <u>process</u> of building the model is usually of greater benefit than the model itself. The model building process stimulates interaction among agencies, assists in integrating existing information, and helps identify research needs. These benefits usually accrue even in the absence of real predictive power in the resulting model.  Open communication occurs among the Federal, State, and local agencies involved with activities on Merritt Island and the agencies have a cooperative working relationship.  The workshop provided an opportunity for all of these agencies to meet at one time and have focused discussions on the key environmental and multiagency resource management issues.  The workshop framework helped to integrate information and assumptions from a number of disciplines and agencies.  This integration occurred in the computer simulation model and among workshop participants as submodel linkages were developed and scenario results discussed.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A number of research needs were identified at the workshop during the model building and testing exercises and associated discussions.  These needs were based on the informed judgement of researchers and managers familiar with Merritt Island or similar areas, rather than on a comprehensive literature review of sensitivity analysis of the preliminary model developed at the workshop.  Some of the needs can be addressed by interpreting the results of completed studies from similar geographic areas as they relate to Merritt Island, while other will require additional research studies on Merritt Island.  Major research needs associated with the Upland submodel include behavior of the near-surface aquifer, factors limiting slash pine regeneration, frequency and effects of natural fire on various cover types, cumulative effects of shuttle launches, and fate in upland soils of nitrogen and phosphorous from land applied waste material.  Key Impoundment submodel needs include documentation of vegetation changes in response to altered water depth, salinity, and nutrient concentrations and better specification of the functional characteristics of impoundments as chemical filters.  Important information gaps identified in the Estuary submodel include a more complete analysis of factors contributing to phytoplankton abundance, evaluation of sources of turbidity other than phytoplankton, and identification and quantification of factors limiting seagrass distribution.  Primary research needs associated with the Wildlife submodel include a survey of breeding habitat, production data, and harvest data for mottled ducks; data on the emigration and immigration of juvenile mullet (and other transient fish) in the impoundment; the contribution of various seagrasses to habitat requirements of sea trout; and the effects of dissolved oxygen on survival of juvenile sea trout.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Ideally, the modeling workshop process is iterative in nature.  Periods between workshops are used for research, data collection, and model refinement.  Each workshop integrates information collected since the last workshop and produces a more credible model that is more useful in evaluating management alternatives.  Participants felt that continued application of this process would help provide ongoing integration and communication among agencies and would allow each agency's planning and management activities to be viewed within the context of an overall assessment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.B., Andrews, A.K., Auble, G.T., Ellison, R.A., Farmer, A.H., and Roelle, J.E., 1985, Environmental systems and management activities on the Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida: results of a modeling workshop, 130 p.","productDescription":"130 p.","numberOfPages":"130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cae4b073ff773a7cfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Austin K.","contributorId":85516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellison, Richard A.","contributorId":19087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farmer, Adrian H.","contributorId":107759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70121024,"text":"70121024 - 1985 - Problems in estimating age-specific survival rates from recovery data of birds ringed as young","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T09:43:41","indexId":"70121024","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T09:33:42","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Problems in estimating age-specific survival rates from recovery data of birds ringed as young","docAbstract":"<p>(1) The life table model is frequently employed in the analysis of ringer samples of young in bird populations.  The basic model is biologically unrealistic and of little use in making inferences concerning age-specific survival probabilities.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>(2) This model rests on a number of restrictive assumptions, the failure of which causes serious biases.  Several important assumptions are not met with real data and the estimators of age-specific survival are not robust enough to these failures.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>(3) Five major problems in the use of the life table method are reviewed.  Examples are provided to illustrate several of the problems involved in using this method in making inferences about survival rates and its age-specific nature.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>(4) We conclude that this is an invalid procedure and it should not be used.  Furthermore, ringing studies involving only young birds are pointless as regards survival estimation because no valid method exists for estimating age-specific or time-specific survival rates from such data.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>(5) In our view, inferences about age-specific survival rates are possible only if both young and adult (or young, subadult and adult) age classes are ringed each year for <i>k</i> years (<i>k</i> ≥ 2).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"Cambridge","doi":"10.2307/4622","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., Burnham, K.P., and White, G.C., 1985, Problems in estimating age-specific survival rates from recovery data of birds ringed as young: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 54, no. 1, p. 89-98, https://doi.org/10.2307/4622.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292506,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4622"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cee4b073ff773a7d50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70221513,"text":"70221513 - 1985 - Reinterpretation of the palynology and age of laramide syntectonic deposits, southwestern Montana, and revision of the Beaverhead Group","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-21T12:22:11.482918","indexId":"70221513","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T07:14:20","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reinterpretation of the palynology and age of laramide syntectonic deposits, southwestern Montana, and revision of the Beaverhead Group","docAbstract":"<p>New palynological data from syntectonic deposits in southwestern Montana have major temporal implications for Laramide structural relations in the northern Rocky Mountains. Conglomerate and associated sandstones representing the bulk of material eroded from the thrust-faulted margin of the Blacktail-Snowcrest foreland massif are middle Campanian (<i>Aquilapollenites senonicus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Interval Zone; estimated absolute age 78–81 Ma). As a major consequence, the foreland buttress responsible for the shape of the southwestern Montana recess of the Cordilleran thrust belt was uplifted and in place by middle Campanian time. Palynomorph assemblages from the Campanian deposits include reworked spores of Paleozoic age that are evidence of provenance. Other less precisely dated syntectonic units in the area differ in age and provenance as well as lithology.</p><p>Formerly, all these deposits were assigned to the Beaverhead Formation, which is raised to group status herein. The stratigraphic unit shed from the Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift is raised to formation status as the Lima Conglomerate. The term “Beaverhead Group” is restricted to the Lima Conglomerate and to contemporaneous and younger conglomeratic units that differ in lithology and probably in provenance; older sandstone units are removed from the Beaverhead Group. Deposits at the original type section of the Beaverhead Formation are not precisely dated but are no older than Campanian and probably no younger than early Maestrichtian.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<149:ROTPAA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Nichols, D.J., Perry, W.J., and Johns, J., 1985, Reinterpretation of the palynology and age of laramide syntectonic deposits, southwestern Montana, and revision of the Beaverhead Group: Geology, v. 13, no. 2, p. 149-153, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<149:ROTPAA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.3017578125,\n              44.55916341529182\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.25878906249999,\n              44.55916341529182\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.25878906249999,\n              46.76996843356982\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.3017578125,\n              46.76996843356982\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.3017578125,\n              44.55916341529182\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, W. J. Jr.","contributorId":64266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johns, J.C.H.","contributorId":260418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johns","given":"J.C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013028,"text":"70013028 - 1985 - Two-million-year record of deuterium depletion in Great Basin ground waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T16:44:05.185371","indexId":"70013028","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two-million-year record of deuterium depletion in Great Basin ground waters","docAbstract":"Fluid inclusions in uranium series-dated calcitic veins from the southern Great Basin record a reduction of 40 per mil in the deuterium content of groundwater recharge during the Pleistocene. This variation is tentatively attributed to major uplift of the Sierra Nevada Range and the Transverse Ranges during this epoch with attendant increasing orographic depletion of deuterium from inlandbound Pacific storms.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.227.4686.519","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Winograd, I.J., Szabo, B.J., Coplen, T.B., Riggs, A., and Kolesar, P.T., 1985, Two-million-year record of deuterium depletion in Great Basin ground waters: Science, v. 227, no. 4686, p. 519-522, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4686.519.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"522","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.93755792133905,\n              40.595257857740194\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.51890076156303,\n              38.18376621301443\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.50460099886665,\n              35.816286413567255\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.56848608668619,\n              35.95447927961281\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.99983831314074,\n              38.97424746122112\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.28681722976856,\n              40.56646032462626\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.93755792133905,\n              40.595257857740194\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"227","issue":"4686","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb99fe4b08c986b327cce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winograd, Isaac J. ijwinogr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"Isaac","email":"ijwinogr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riggs, A.C.","contributorId":41462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolesar, Peter T.","contributorId":32296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolesar","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70012711,"text":"70012711 - 1985 - Barrier island arcs along abandoned Mississippi River deltas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T15:26:12.068616","indexId":"70012711","displayToPublicDate":"1985-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Barrier island arcs along abandoned Mississippi River deltas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Generation of transgressive barrier island arcs along the Mississippi River delta plain and preservation of barrier shoreline facies in their retreat paths on the inner shelf is controlled by: (1) shoreface translation; (2) age of the transgression; and (3) the thickness of the barrier island arc sediment package. Barrier island arcs experience an average relative sea level rise of 0.50–1.00 cm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;and shoreface retreat rates range from 5–15 m yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Young barrier island arc sediment packages (Isles Dernieres) are thin and have experienced limited landward retreat of the shoreface. Older barrier island arcs (Chandeleur Islands) are thicker and have experienced significant landward movement of the shoreface because of the greater time available for retreat. If the transgressed barrier shoreline sediment package lies above the advancing ravinement surface, the entire sequence is truncated. A thin reworked sand sheet marks the shoreface retreat path. The base of the transgressive sediment package can lie below the ravinement surface in older barrier shorelines. In this setting, the superstructure of the barrier shoreline is truncated, leaving the basal portion of the transgressive sequence preserved on the inner shelf.</span></p><p><span>A variety of transgressive stratigraphic sequences from sand sheets to truncated barrier islands to sand-filled tidal inlet scars have been identified by high resolution seismic profiling across the shoreface retreat paths of Mississippi delta barrier island arcs. One of these examples, the Isles Dernieres, represents a recently detached barrier island arc in the early stages of transgression. An older example, the Chandeleur Islands, represents a barrier island arc experiencing long-term shoreface retreat. This paper describes the stratigraphic character and preserved transgressive facies for the Isles Dernieres and Chandeleur Islands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(85)90084-2","usgsCitation":"Penland, S., Suter, J.R., and Boyd, R., 1985, Barrier island arcs along abandoned Mississippi River deltas: Marine Geology, v. 63, no. 1-4, p. 197-233, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90084-2.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"233","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efbde4b0c8380cd4a413","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penland, Shea","contributorId":88401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":364294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suter, John R.","contributorId":42362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suter","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":364295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyd, Ron","contributorId":54737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70209048,"text":"70209048 - 1985 - Acute oral toxicity and repellency of 933 chemicals to house and deer mice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-12T10:38:15","indexId":"70209048","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-31T10:32:27","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute oral toxicity and repellency of 933 chemicals to house and deer mice","docAbstract":"<p>Five individual bioassay repellency or toxicity variables were estimated or determined for deer mice (<i>Peromyscus maniculatus</i>) and house mice (<i>Mus musculus</i>) under laboratory conditions. ALD's (Approximate Lethal Doses) or LD<sub>50</sub>'s of 230 chemicals to deer mice are presented, as are food reduction (FR) values (3-day feeding test as a 2.0% treatment rate) for white wheat seeds (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) for 696 chemicals and Douglas fir seeds (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>) for 81 chemicals. A similar repellency evaluation (REP) using a 5-day test with white wheat seeds at a 2.0% treatment rate was conducted with house mice and the results for 347 chemicals are presented. These toxicity and repellency data should be useful to those desiring to predict the potential for acute toxicity in wild mammals following exposure to a wide variety of chemicals.</p><p>A calculation of the daily chemical dose ingested in mg/kg/day during the wheat test on deer mice and its resultant effects on mortality are also presented for most of the 696 chemicals. This calculated value, when used along with the ALD or LD<sub>50</sub>, should permit a rough estimate of the potential subacute toxicity of any tested chemical on wild mammals for which both types of data are available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055769","usgsCitation":"Schafer, E.W., and Bowles, W.A., 1985, Acute oral toxicity and repellency of 933 chemicals to house and deer mice: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 14, no. 1, p. 111-129, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055769.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schafer, E. W. Jr.","contributorId":16024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schafer","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowles, W. A. Jr.","contributorId":223230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowles","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012262,"text":"70012262 - 1985 - Geologic evidence for recurrent moderate to large earthquakes near Charleston, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T16:51:38.37726","indexId":"70012262","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic evidence for recurrent moderate to large earthquakes near Charleston, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Multiple generations of earthquake-induced sand blows in Quaternary sediments and soils near Charleston, South Carolina, are evidence of recurrent moderate to large earthquakes in that area. The large 1886 earthquake, the only historic earthquake known to have produced sand blows at Charleston, probably caused the youngest observed blows. Older (late Quaternary) sand blows in the Charleston area indicate at least two prehistoric earthquakes with shaking severities comparable to the 1886 event.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.227.4685.408","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Obermeier, S.F., Gohn, G., Weems, R.E., Gelinas, R.L., and Rubin, M., 1985, Geologic evidence for recurrent moderate to large earthquakes near Charleston, South Carolina: Science, v. 227, no. 4685, p. 408-411, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4685.408.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"411","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222126,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.23766840980811,\n              33.05374758564791\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.23766840980811,\n              32.64023784340705\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.68626154183539,\n              32.64023784340705\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.68626154183539,\n              33.05374758564791\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.23766840980811,\n              33.05374758564791\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"227","issue":"4685","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a195be4b0c8380cd55970","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obermeier, Stephen F.","contributorId":102482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obermeier","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory 0000-0003-2000-479X ggohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-479X","contributorId":219822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory","email":"ggohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":363121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":363122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gelinas, R. L.","contributorId":95059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelinas","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rubin, Meyer","contributorId":107283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Meyer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70207907,"text":"70207907 - 1985 - Structure and eruptive mechanisms at Surtsey Volcano, Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T18:14:22.925782","indexId":"70207907","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-17T14:03:58","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1783,"text":"Geological Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure and eruptive mechanisms at Surtsey Volcano, Iceland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Glassy basalt tuff was the primary material cored in 1979 from a 181 m deep drill hole on the east tuff ring of Surtsey volcano. Despite the fact that the hole extends 122 m below sea level all the core is similar to the exposed tephra composing the two tuff rings of the island. The tuff includes abundant accretionary lapilli and tuff vesicles, indicating that it was all deposited subaerially. During the growth of the tuff rings, repeated hydromagmatic explosion cycles began with a series of intermittent tephra-finger explosions leading up to continuous uprush explosions which lasted for several minutes to several hours. This nozzle-like continuous activity produced eruption columns 100–250 m in diameter and 500–2000 m in height which probably quarried several hundred metres below the ground surface. The continuous-uprush explosion type provides a reasonable mechanism to excavate a diatreme from the top down. During construction of the tuff rings, concentric faults repeatedly downdropped a funnel-like structure (400–800 m in diameter) several hundred metres, thus accounting for the presence of subaerially deposited tephra in the drill core far beneath sea level. Ring dykes later intruded upward along these faults and fed small lava flows. Heat in the surface tephra probably originated primarily from these shallow intrusions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0016756800032052","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., 1985, Structure and eruptive mechanisms at Surtsey Volcano, Iceland: Geological Magazine, v. 122, no. 6, p. 649-661, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800032052.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"649","endPage":"661","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":371362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -25.751953125,\n              63.03503931552975\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.480468749999998,\n              63.03503931552975\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.480468749999998,\n              66.86108230224609\n            ],\n            [\n              -25.751953125,\n              66.86108230224609\n            ],\n            [\n              -25.751953125,\n              63.03503931552975\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207842,"text":"70207842 - 1985 - Plasticity at crack tips in Gd3Ga5O12 garnet single crystals deformed at temperatures below 950°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T14:59:54.273409","indexId":"70207842","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-15T14:01:26","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3046,"text":"Philosophical Magazine A: Physics of Condensed Matter, Structure, Defects and Mechanical Properties","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Plasticity at crack tips in Gd<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> garnet single crystals deformed at temperatures below 950°C","title":"Plasticity at crack tips in Gd3Ga5O12 garnet single crystals deformed at temperatures below 950°C","docAbstract":"<p><span>Single crystals of Gd</span><sub>3</sub><span>Ga</span><sub>5</sub><span>O</span><sub>12</sub><span>&nbsp;have been strained under confining pressure (1 5 GPa) at temperatures below 950°C. No evidence for macroscopic plasticity was found, but transmission electron microscopy revealed dislocation generation at crack tips. Deformation mechanisms are different from those operating in the high-temperature regime: extending stacking faults in {110} planes and the 〈010〉{100} glide system were observed. Dissociations of&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>/4〈111〉 partial dislocations were also observed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor& Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/01418618508237568","usgsCitation":"Garem, H., Rabier, J., and Kirby, S.H., 1985, Plasticity at crack tips in Gd3Ga5O12 garnet single crystals deformed at temperatures below 950°C: Philosophical Magazine A: Physics of Condensed Matter, Structure, Defects and Mechanical Properties, v. 51, p. 485-496, https://doi.org/10.1080/01418618508237568.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"496","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garem, H.","contributorId":221658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garem","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabier, J.","contributorId":221659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rabier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, Stephen H. 0000-0003-1636-4688 skirby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-4688","contributorId":2752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","email":"skirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207795,"text":"70207795 - 1985 - Classification of deep-sea, fine-grained sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-22T13:06:18.953422","indexId":"70207795","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-13T09:58:48","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of deep-sea, fine-grained sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most deep-sea sediments contain one or more biogenic components and one dominant nonbiogenic component, usually clay or silty clay. The authors present a descriptive classification scheme in which deep-sea, fine-grained sediments are placed within a three-components system of calcareous-biogenic, siliceous-biogenic, and nonbiogenic components. In a three-procedure the user assesses whether the dominant component is biogenic or nonbiogenic, whether the dominant biogenic component is siliceous or calcareous, and what the relative abundances of the biogenic components are within limits of 10, 25, and 50%. The terminology proposed is that commonly used by many sedimentologists, with some refinements and greater precision in the use of terms.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/212F868E-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., Leinen, M., and Stow, D., 1985, Classification of deep-sea, fine-grained sediments: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 55, no. 2, p. 250-256, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F868E-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"256","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leinen, Margaret","contributorId":221649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leinen","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stow, D.A.","contributorId":44336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207793,"text":"70207793 - 1985 - Variations in the global carbon cycle during the Cretaceous related to climate, volcanism, and changes in atmospheric CO2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-22T13:03:53.690968","indexId":"70207793","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-13T09:31:35","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Variations in the global carbon cycle during the Cretaceous related to climate, volcanism, and changes in atmospheric CO2","docAbstract":"<p>The stratigraphic record from both deep-sea and shallow-water depositional environments indicates that during late Aptian through Cenomanian time (1) global climates were considerably warmer than at present; (2) latitudinal gradients of atmospheric and oceanic temperatures were considerably less than at present; (3) rates of accumulation of organic matter of both marine and terrestrial origin were as high as or higher than during any other interval in the Mesozoic or Cenozoic; (4) the rate and volume of accumulation of CaCO 3 in the deep sea were reduced in response to a marked shoaling of the carbonate compensation depth; (5) seafloor spreading rates were somewhat more rapid than at any other time in the Cretaceous or Cenozoic; (6) off-ridge volcanism was intense and widespread, particularly in the ancestral Pacific Ocean basin; and (7) sea level was relatively high, forming widespread areas of shallow shelf seas. A marked increase in the rate of CO 2 outgassing due to volcanic activity between about 110 and 70 m.y. ago may have resulted in a buildup of atmospheric CO 2. A significant fraction of this atmospheric CO 2 may have been reduced by an increase in the production and burial of terrestrial organic carbon. Some excess CO 2may have been consumed by marine algal photosynthesis, but marine productivity apparently was low during the Aptian-Albian relative to terrestrial productivity. Terrestrial productivity also may have been stimulated by increased rainfall that resulted 504 from a warm global climate and increased marine transgression as well as by the higher CO 2. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The carbon cycle and atmospheric CO2: Natural variations archean to present","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GM032p0504","usgsCitation":"Arthur, M., Dean, W.E., and Schlanger, S., 1985, Variations in the global carbon cycle during the Cretaceous related to climate, volcanism, and changes in atmospheric CO2, chap. <i>of</i> The carbon cycle and atmospheric CO2: Natural variations archean to present, v. 32, p. 504-529, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM032p0504.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"504","endPage":"529","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Western Pacific Ocean","volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, M.A.","contributorId":24791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlanger, S.O.","contributorId":104508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlanger","given":"S.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}