Keys to Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus) management include providing open grasslands with sparse-to-moderate herbaceous and litter cover and a woody component and allowing occasional burning or moderate grazing. Lark Sparrows have been reported to use habitats with 10–63 centimeters (cm) average vegetation height, 10–54 percent grass cover, 9–25 percent forb cover, 4–18 percent shrub cover, 16–38 percent bare ground, 12–45 percent litter cover, and less than or equal to 1 cm litter depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1842DD","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, J.A., Igl, L.D., Johnson, D.H., Sondreal, M.L., Goldade, C.M., Parkin, B.D., and Euliss, B.R., 2021, The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus), chap. DD of Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Shaffer, J.A., and DeLong, J.P., eds., The effects of management practices on grassland birds: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1842, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1842DD.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-095209","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384458,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/dd/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":384459,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/dd/pp1842dd.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1842–DD"}],"contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
In the humid, temperate Delaware River Basin (DRB) where water availability is generally reliable, summer low flows can cause competition between various human and ecological water uses. As temperatures continue to rise, population increases and development expands, it is critical to understand historical low flow variability to anticipate and plan for future flows. Using a sample of 325 U.S. Geological Survey gages, we evaluated spatial patterns in several low flow metrics, the biophysical and climatic drivers of these metrics, and trends in low flows for two periods: 1950-2018 and 1980-2018. We calculated the annual 7-day low flow and date, low flow deficit as the departure below a long-term daily flow threshold and the number of discrete low flow periods below this threshold. We also aggregated several climate metrics to watershed scale and used existing watershed properties quantifying land cover, topography, soils, geology, and human activity. Random forest models were used to assess the hierarchy of variable importance in explaining mean-annual low flow variability for each low flow metric using all gages. We find muted regional patterns in mean-annual low flow and low flow variability, likely due to the myriad of anthropogenic, landscape, and flow modifications that obscure flow regimes from their natural characteristics. In contrast, individual years show markedly different spatial patterns in low flow magnitude and severity. Coincident with increases in precipitation, 7-day low flows have generally increased and low flow deficits decreased for both 1950-2018 and 1980-2018 periods. However, 7-day low flows have decreased in the Coastal Plain physiographic province where water use and impervious area have increased in recent decades, highlighting the effects of land and water management on low flows. With continued change expected in the DRB, additional research needs are highlighted to enable estimation of future low flows and to plan for periods of prolonged low flow.
Dynamic strains have never played a role in determining local earthquake magnitudes, which are routinely set by displacement waveforms from seismic instrumentation (e.g., ML). We present a magnitude scale for local earthquakes based on broadband dynamic strain waveforms. This scale is derived from the peak root‐mean‐squared strains (A) in 4589 records of dynamic strain associated with 365 crustal earthquakes and 77 borehole strainmeters along the Pacific‐North American plate boundary on the west coast of the United States and Canada. In this data set, catalog moment magnitudes range from 3.5≤Mw≤7.2, and hypocentral distances range from 6≤R≤500 km. The 1D representation of geometrical spreading and attenuation of A common to all strain data is logA0(R)=−0.00072R−1.45log(R). After correcting for instrument gain, site terms, and event terms, the magnitude scale, MDS=log A−log A0(R)−log(3×10−9), scales as ≈0.92Mw with a residual standard deviation of 0.19. This close association with Mw holds for events east of the −124° meridian; west of this boundary, however, a constant correction of 0.41 is needed to adjust for additional along‐path attenuation effects. As a check on the accuracy of this magnitude scale, we apply it to dynamic strain records from three strainmeters located in the near field of the 2019 M 6.4 and 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquakes. Results from these six records are in agreement to within 0.5 magnitude units, and five out of six records are in agreement to within 0.34 units.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200360","usgsCitation":"Barbour, A.J., Langbein, J.O., and Farghal, N.S., 2021, Earthquake magnitudes from dynamic strain: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 111, no. 3, p. 1325-1346, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200360.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1346","ipdsId":"IP-115521","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.19140625,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -119.00390625,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -122.34374999999999,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 47.989921667414194\n ],\n [\n -122.34374999999999,\n 51.01375465718821\n ],\n [\n -126.73828125,\n 51.998410382390325\n ],\n [\n -129.814453125,\n 50.792047064406866\n ],\n [\n -126.474609375,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -125.41992187499999,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 35.17380831799959\n ],\n [\n -119.267578125,\n 32.39851580247402\n ],\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -116.19140625,\n 33.358061612778876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbour, Andrew J. 0000-0002-6890-2452 abarbour@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6890-2452","contributorId":197158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbour","given":"Andrew","email":"abarbour@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, John O. 0000-0002-7821-8101 langbein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-8101","contributorId":3293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","email":"langbein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farghal, Noha Sameh Ahmed 0000-0001-8423-5066","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8423-5066","contributorId":237040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farghal","given":"Noha","email":"","middleInitial":"Sameh Ahmed","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70219162,"text":"70219162 - 2021 - Natural and anthropogenic geochemical tracers to investigate residence times and groundwater–surface-water interactions in an urban alluvial aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-29T12:54:34.606575","indexId":"70219162","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-23T07:51:21","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural and anthropogenic geochemical tracers to investigate residence times and groundwater–surface-water interactions in an urban alluvial aquifer","docAbstract":"A multi-component geochemical dataset was collected from groundwater and surface-water bodies associated with the urban Fountain Creek alluvial aquifer, Colorado, USA, to facilitate analysis of recharge sources, geochemical interactions, and groundwater-residence times. Results indicate that groundwater can be separated into three distinct geochemical zones based on location within the flow system and proximity to surface water, and these zones can be used to infer sources of recharge and groundwater movement through the aquifer. Rare-earth-element concentrations and detections of wastewater-indicator compounds indicate the presence of effluent from wastewater-treatment plants in both groundwater and surface water. Effluent presence in groundwater indicates that streams in the area lose to groundwater in some seasons and are a source of focused groundwater recharge. Distributions of pharmaceuticals and wastewater-indicator compounds also inform an understanding of groundwater–surface-water interactions. Noble-gas isotopes corroborate rare-earth-element data in indicating geochemical evolution within the aquifer from recharge area to discharge area and qualitatively indicate variable groundwater-residence times and mixing with pre-modern groundwater. Quantitative groundwater-residence times calculated from 3H/3He, SF6, and lumped-parameter modeling generally are less than 20 years, but the presence of mixing with older groundwater of an unknown age is also indicated at selected locations. Future investigations would benefit by including groundwater-age tracers suited to quantification of mixing for both young (years to decades) and old (centuries and millennia) groundwater. This multi-faceted analysis facilitated development of a conceptual model for the investigated groundwater-flow system and illustrates the application of an encompassing suite of analytes in exploring hydrologic and geochemical interactions in complex systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w13060871","usgsCitation":"Newman, C.P., Paschke, S.S., and Keith, G.L., 2021, Natural and anthropogenic geochemical tracers to investigate residence times and groundwater–surface-water interactions in an urban alluvial aquifer: Water, v. 13, no. 6, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w13060871.","productDescription":"30 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118155","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452974,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13060871","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99SPQM2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Environmental-tracer modeling to support hydrogeochemical evaluation of the Fountain Creek Alluvial Aquifer, El Paso County, Colorado, 2018-2019"},{"id":384712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Colorado Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.2490234375,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -104.1888427734375,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -104.1888427734375,\n 39.16839998800286\n ],\n [\n -105.2490234375,\n 39.16839998800286\n ],\n [\n -105.2490234375,\n 38.61687046392973\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newman, Connor P. 0000-0002-6978-3440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6978-3440","contributorId":222596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Connor","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S. 0000-0002-3471-4242 spaschke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3471-4242","contributorId":1347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"spaschke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keith, Gabrielle L. 0000-0002-2304-8504 gkeith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2304-8504","contributorId":256699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Gabrielle","email":"gkeith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70259605,"text":"70259605 - 2021 - Assessment of a claimed ultra-low frequency electromagnetic (ULFEM) earthquake precursor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-17T12:04:01.889156","indexId":"70259605","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-23T07:01:24","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of a claimed ultra-low frequency electromagnetic (ULFEM) earthquake precursor","docAbstract":"The rate of occurrence of anomalous ultra-low frequency electromagnetic (ULFEM) pulses has been claimed to have increased days to weeks prior to the M5.4 2007 and M4.0 2010 Alum Rock earthquakes. We re-examine the previously reported ultra-low frequency (ULF: 0.01–10 Hz) magnetic data recorded at a QuakeFinder site located 9 km from the earthquake hypocentre, and compare to data from a nearby Stanford-USGS site located 42 km from the hypocentre, to analyse the characteristics of the pulses and assess their origin. Using pulse definitions and pulse-counting algorithms analogous to those previously reported, we corroborate the increase in pulse counts before the 2007 Alum Rock earthquake at the QuakeFinder station, but we note that the number of pulses depends on chosen temporal and amplitude detection thresholds. These thresholds are arbitrary because we lack a clear physical model or basis for their selection. We do not see the same increase in pulse counts before the 2010 Alum Rock earthquake at the QuakeFinder or Stanford-USGS stations. In addition, the majority of pulses in the QuakeFinder data and Stanford-USGS data do not match temporally, indicating the pulses lack a common origin and are not from lightning or solar-driven ionospheric/magnetospheric disturbances. Our assessment of the temporal distribution of pulse counts shows pulse counts increase during peak human activity hours, suggesting these pulses result from local cultural noise and are not tectonic in origin. The many unknowns about the character and even existence of precursory earthquake pulses means that standard numerical and statistical tests cannot easily be applied. Yet here we show that exhaustive investigation of many different aspects of ULFEM signals can be used to properly characterize their origin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggab530","usgsCitation":"Wang, C., Christman, L., Klemperer, S., Glen, J.M., McPhee, D., and Bin, C., 2021, Assessment of a claimed ultra-low frequency electromagnetic (ULFEM) earthquake precursor: Geophysical Journal International, v. 229, no. 3, p. 2081-2095, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab530.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2081","endPage":"2095","ipdsId":"IP-136197","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab530","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":462937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.74855580223482,\n 37.923464830974424\n ],\n [\n -122.74855580223482,\n 37.22689363596939\n ],\n [\n -121.73781361473472,\n 37.22689363596939\n ],\n [\n -121.73781361473472,\n 37.923464830974424\n ],\n [\n -122.74855580223482,\n 37.923464830974424\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"229","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Can","contributorId":345181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Can","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82515,"text":"Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100081, P.R. China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christman, Lilianna","contributorId":345182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christman","given":"Lilianna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klemperer, Simon","contributorId":345183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klemperer","given":"Simon","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M.G. 0000-0002-3502-3355 jglen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-3355","contributorId":176530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.G.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McPhee, Darcy 0000-0002-5177-3068 dmcphee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-3068","contributorId":2621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"Darcy","email":"dmcphee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bin, Chen","contributorId":345184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bin","given":"Chen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82515,"text":"Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100081, P.R. China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70220205,"text":"70220205 - 2021 - Measuring and interpreting multilayer aquifer-system compactions for a sustainable groundwater-system development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-27T11:44:36.379671","indexId":"70220205","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-23T06:40:56","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring and interpreting multilayer aquifer-system compactions for a sustainable groundwater-system development","docAbstract":"Ever decreasing water resources and climate change have driven the increasing use of groundwater causing land subsidence in many countries. Geodetic sensors such as InSAR, GPS and leveling can detect surface deformation but cannot measure subsurface deformation. A single‐well, single‐depth extensometer can be used to measure subsurface deformation, but it cannot delineate the depths of major compaction and provide insight about the deformation mechanism throughout a complex aquifer system, unless man extensometers at different depths are used. We present a multilayer compaction well (MLCW), installed in a borehole, that uses magnetic rings to detect stratum compaction at 25 depths as deep as 300 m below land surface. Our laboratory and field assessments indicate 1 mm precision and accuracy for one single‐depth magnetic reading. We tested the performance of MLCW by measuring aquifer‐system compaction over the proximal, middle, and distal fans of the Choushui River Alluvial Fan (CRAF) that has long experienced severe land subsidence. The MLCW measurements were used to create time‐depth diagrams of compaction, showing different compaction rates at different layers of aquifers and aquitards to identify the depths of major compactions. The elastic (reversible) and inelastic (irreversible) compactions from MLCW were used in stress‐strain analyses to estimate skeletal specific storages and the safe groundwater levels, below which groundwater extractions have caused irreversible compactions. The hydrogeological parameters derived from MLCW measurements can help governmental agencies to determine effective land‐use and water‐use policies, and ascertain the best strategy for utilizing artificial recharge to prevent land subsidence and achieve sustainable groundwater management.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020WR028194","usgsCitation":"Hung, W., Hwang, C., Sneed, M., Chen, Y., Chu, C., and Lin, S., 2021, Measuring and interpreting multilayer aquifer-system compactions for a sustainable groundwater-system development: Water Resources Research, v. 57, no. 4, e2020WR028194, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028194.","productDescription":"e2020WR028194, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120150","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr028194","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hung, Wei-Chia","contributorId":172937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hung","given":"Wei-Chia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27123,"text":"Green Environmental Engineering Consultant Co. LTD, Hsinchu, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hwang, Cheinway 0000-0002-3322-353X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3322-353X","contributorId":172932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hwang","given":"Cheinway","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27120,"text":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sneed, Michelle 0000-0002-8180-382X micsneed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-382X","contributorId":155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneed","given":"Michelle","email":"micsneed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, Yi-An","contributorId":257631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Yi-An","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52072,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chu, Chi-Hua","contributorId":257632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chu","given":"Chi-Hua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52074,"text":"Green Environmental Engineering Consultant Co. LTD, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lin, Shao-Hung","contributorId":257633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Shao-Hung","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52074,"text":"Green Environmental Engineering Consultant Co. LTD, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70219055,"text":"fs20213018 - 2021 - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center hosting services","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-23T12:09:25.892839","indexId":"fs20213018","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-22T15:33:57","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-3018","displayTitle":"Earth Resources Observation and Science Center Hosting Services","title":"Earth Resources Observation and Science Center hosting services","docAbstract":"The Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center has a long history of leveraging technology in support of Earth science and business applications including data management, processing, and virtualization and complex solutions to visualize and distribute data. It is the aim of EROS to offer operational excellence and service as a key component to the Federal Cloud-Smart directives and Department of the Interior data center consolidation goals. The EROS Center offers space, network, security, and environmental controls and information technology service management. Included with leveraging technology, the EROS Center has industry-leading staff to assist with supporting Earth science and business applications.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20213018","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2021, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center hosting services: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2021–3018, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213018.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-124389","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3018/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":384546,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3018/fs20213018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"737 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2021–3018"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Sioux Falls, SD 57198
This report documents the computer software package, Basin Characterization Model, version 8 (BCMv8)—a monthly, gridded, regional water-balance model—and provides detailed operational instructions and example applications. After several years of many applications and uses of a previous version, CA-BCM, published in 2014, the BCMv8 was refined to improve the accuracy of the water-balance components, particularly the recharge estimate, which is the most difficult to accurately assess. The improvement of the various water-balance components targeted the actual evapotranspiration component, which, in turn, reduced the uncertainty of the recharge estimate. The improvement of this component was enabled by the availability of a national, gridded actual-evapotranspiration product from the U.S. Geological Survey that was unique in its scope to combine remotely sensed spatial variability and ground-based long-term water-balance constraints. This dataset provided the ability to assess monthly actual evapotranspiration for 62 vegetation types and to perform regional calibration in watersheds throughout California with the objective of closing the water balance using improved estimates for each component. The refinements, including vegetation-specific evapotranspiration, enabled the development of applications that could explore various aspects of landscape disturbance, such as wildfire, forest management, or urbanization. The improvements to BCMv8 also provided the ability to assess long-term sustainability of water resources under a variety of management applications or future climate projections.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6H1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., and Stern, M.A., 2021, The basin characterization model—A regional water balance software package: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6–H1, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6H1.","productDescription":"x, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"85","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-101075","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436445,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K23J25","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Future Climate and Hydrology from Twenty Localized Constructed Analog (LOCA) Scenarios and the Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8)"},{"id":384554,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Sand dune ecosystems are highly dynamic landforms found along coastlines and riverine deltas where a supply of sand-sized material is available to be delivered by aquatic and wind environments. These unique ecosystems provide habitat for a variety of endemic and rare plant and animal species. Sand dunes have been affected by human development, sand mining, and shoreline stabilization from invasive weeds. This report provides a summary of a comprehensive literature review, field survey, and genomic analysis for the Antioch Dunes evening primrose (Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii, hereafter howellii), an endemic species to the San Francisco Bay-Delta, California, which was listed as a federally endangered subspecies in 1978. Howellii is found on a historic dune sheet (the Antioch sand sheet) near the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. The Antioch sand sheet has been greatly altered by sand mining and land conversion into agriculture and urban development. In chapter A, we describe results of the literature review and field survey. We found howellii at eight locations with over 90 percent of the adult population and nearly 99 percent of juveniles observed on the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge. We measured a negative relationship between howellii numbers and invasive weed cover, illustrating the importance of mobilized open sand for this species. In chapter B, we describe the genomic study results. We surveyed genomic diversity by using double-digest restriction-site associated sequencing to estimate population genetic structure and levels of diversity across all surveyed occurrences. The genomic analyses included outgroup samples of the closely related Oenothera deltoides subsp. cognata and three occurrences of an unknown taxon with intermediate morphology to cognata and howellii, which also occurs on the Antioch sand sheet, east of the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge. These three morphologically distinctive groups formed genetically distinctive clusters and well-supported monophyletic clades in clustering and phylogenetic analyses, respectively. There was no indication of recent hybridization among any of the groups. Among howellii occurrences, the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge contained the greatest genetic diversity. Our approach, which combined field surveys, habitat assessments, and genetic analyses, can provide useful information for the conservation and management of rare and at-risk plant species and highlights the uniqueness of the Antioch sand sheet floral diversity through the discovery of a putative new taxon within the bird-cage evening primrose species complex.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Friends of San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge","usgsCitation":"Thorne, K.M., and Vandergast, A.G., 2021, Distribution, abundance, and genomic diversity of the endangered Antioch Dunes evening-primrose (Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii) surveyed in 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1017, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211017.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-124754","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436447,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93VYTF5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Oenothera deltoides Genotype Data from Contra Costa County, California in 2019"},{"id":384604,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/ofr20211017_chB_app2.csv","text":"Chapter B Appendix 2","size":"4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":384550,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/ofr20211017.xml"},{"id":384549,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/images"},{"id":384548,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/ofr20211017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.89605712890624,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -121.89605712890624,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -121.89605712890624,\n 37.97018468810549\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
One enduring priority for ecologists has been to understand the cause(s) of variation in reproductive effort among species and localities. Avian clutch size generally increases with increasing latitude, both within and across species, but the mechanism(s) driving that pattern continue to generate hypotheses and debate. In 1961, a Ph.D. student at Oxford University, N. Philip Ashmole, proposed the influential hypothesis that clutch size varies in direct proportion to the seasonality of resources available to a population. Ashmole's hypothesis has been widely cited and discussed in the ecological literature. However, misinterpretation and confusion has been common regarding the mechanism that underlies Ashmole's hypothesis and the testable predictions it generates. We review the development of well-known hypotheses to explain clutch size variation with an emphasis on Ashmole's hypothesis. We then discuss and clarify sources of confusion about Ashmole's hypothesis in the literature, summarise existing evidence in support and refutation of the hypothesis, and suggest some under-utilised and novel approaches to test Ashmole's hypothesis and gain an improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for variation in avian clutch size and fecundity, and life-history evolution in general.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/brv.12705","usgsCitation":"Lundblad, C., and Conway, C.J., 2021, Ashmole's hypothesis and the latitudinal gradient in clutch size: Biological Reviews, v. 96, no. 4, p. 1349-1366, https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12705.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1349","endPage":"1366","ipdsId":"IP-121474","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundblad, Carl G.","contributorId":265812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lundblad","given":"Carl G.","affiliations":[{"id":27205,"text":"U. Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70219088,"text":"70219088 - 2021 - Mapping climate change vulnerability of aquatic-riparian ecosystems using decision-relevant indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-23T13:13:09.442898","indexId":"70219088","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-22T08:10:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping climate change vulnerability of aquatic-riparian ecosystems using decision-relevant indicators","docAbstract":"Climate change has and is projected to continue to alter historical regimes of temperature, precipitation, and hydrology. To assess the vulnerability of climate change from a land management perspective and spatially identify where the most extreme changes are anticipated to occur, we worked in collaboration with land managers to develop a climate change vulnerability map for the midwestern United States with a focus on riparian systems. The map is intended for use by regional administrators to help them work across various program areas (e.g. fisheries, endangered species) to prioritize locations needing support for adaptation planning. The tool can also be utilized locally by managers to better understand the effects that projected climate scenarios have on the hydrology of management units as they develop adaptation strategies. The vulnerability map is watershed-based (360 watershed units within the region) and combines 15 climate change indicators that were selected by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service natural resource managers based upon known and anticipated effects to species and habitats. The projected change in each of these indicators from the historical period (1986–2005) to the future period (2040–2059) was aggregated into a composite score for each watershed. Landscape-scale metrics reflective of a watershed’s adaptive capacity were combined with the climate change indicators to produce a vulnerability score. We found sub-regional variation in vulnerability to climate change with the greatest vulnerability in Iowa, central Illinois, and northwest Ohio. Greater vulnerability was seen in the higher greenhouse gas concentration scenario, Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 compared to the lower greenhouse gas concentration scenario RCP 4.5, when looking at the mean of the five downscaled climate models used in this study. By quantifying and mapping climate change vulnerability, natural resource managers can better understand the degree of vulnerability for individual watersheds and identify areas of prioritization in regional and local planning efforts.
The Navajo (N) aquifer is the primary source of groundwater in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in the Black Mesa area because of continued water requirements for industrial and municipal use by a growing population and because of its arid climate. Precipitation in the area typically ranges from less than 6 to more than 16 inches per year depending on location.
The U.S. Geological Survey water-monitoring program in the Black Mesa area began in 1971 and provides information about the long-term effects of groundwater withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. This report presents results of data collected as part of the monitoring program in the Black Mesa area from November 2016 to December 2018. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) groundwater withdrawals (pumping), (2) groundwater levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) groundwater and surface-water chemistry.
In calendar year 2017, total groundwater withdrawals were 3,710 acre-feet (acre-ft), industrial withdrawals were 1,110 acre-ft, and municipal withdrawals were 2,600 acre-ft. In calendar year 2018, total groundwater withdrawals were 3,670 acre-ft, industrial withdrawals were 1,170 acre-ft, and municipal withdrawals were 2,500 acre-ft. Total withdrawals during 2017 and 2018 were about 49 percent less than total withdrawals in 2005 because of Peabody Western Coal Company’s discontinued use of water to transport coal in a coal slurry pipeline.
From the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2018, measured water levels available for comparison in wells completed in the unconfined areas of the N aquifer within the Black Mesa area declined in 8 of 14 wells, the changes ranged from +12.1 feet to −39.4 feet, and the median change was -0.6 feet. Water levels also declined in 15 of 18 wells measured in the confined area of the aquifer. The median change for the confined area of the aquifer was −40.2 feet (ft), with changes ranging from +14.2 ft to −189.0 ft. From the prestress period to 2018, the median water-level change for all 32 wells in both the confined and unconfined areas was −9.4 ft.
Spring flow was measured at four springs in 2017 and 2018. Flow fluctuated during the period of record for Burro Spring and Pasture Canyon Spring, but a decreasing trend was statistically significant (p<0.05) at Moenkopi School Spring and Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso. Discharge at Burro Spring has remained relatively constant since it was first measured in the 1980s and discharge at Pasture Canyon Spring has fluctuated for the period of record.
Continuous records of surface-water discharge in the Black Mesa area were collected from streamflow-gaging stations at the following sites: Moenkopi Wash at Moenkopi 09401260 (1976 to 2018), Dinnebito Wash near Sand Springs 09401110 (1993 to 2018), Polacca Wash near Second Mesa 09400568 (1994 to 2018), and Pasture Canyon Springs 09401265 (2004 to 2018). Median winter flows (November through February) of each water year were used as an index of the amount of groundwater discharge at the above-named sites. For the period of record, the median winter flows have generally remained constant at Dinnebito Wash and Polacca Wash, whereas a decreasing trend was indicated at Moenkopi Wash and Pasture Canyon Springs.
In 2017 and 2018, water samples collected from two wells, four springs, and three streams in the Black Mesa area were analyzed for selected chemical constituents. The results from wells and springs were compared with previous analyses from the same wells and springs. At the Peabody 2 well, a significant (p<0.05) decreasing trend in dissolved solids over time was found, while concentrations of dissolved solids have not varied significantly (p>0.05) at the Kykotsmovi PM2 well. Dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate concentrations increased at Moenkopi School Spring during the more than 30 years of record at that site. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate at Pasture Canyon Spring have not varied significantly (p>0.05) since the early 1980s, and there is no increasing or decreasing trend in those data. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate at Burro Spring and Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso have varied for the period of record, but there is no statistical trend in the data. Baseflow water chemistry samples were collected from Moenkopi, Dinnebito, and Polacca washes in 2017. Samples from all three washes had total-dissolved solids concentrations higher than is typically found in the N aquifer water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Navajo Nation and Peabody Western Coal Company","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.P., 2021, Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona—2016–2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1124, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211124.","productDescription":"vii, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-110021","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384543,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181193","text":"Open-File Report 2018-1193","linkHelpText":"- Groundwater, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern Arizona—2015–2016"},{"id":384455,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1124/ofr20211124.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1124/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 35.32633026307483\n ],\n [\n -109.171142578125,\n 35.32633026307483\n ],\n [\n -109.171142578125,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 35.32633026307483\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
Volcanic plumes are common and far-reaching manifestations of volcanic activity during and between eruptions. Observations of the rate of emission and composition of volcanic plumes are essential to recognize and, in some cases, predict the state of volcanic activity. Measurements of the size and location of the plumes are important to assess the impact of the emission from sporadic or localized events to persistent or widespread processes of climatic and environmental importance. These observations provide information on volatile budgets on Earth, chemical evolution of magmas, and atmospheric circulation and dynamics. Space-based observations during the last decades have given us a global view of Earth's volcanic emission, particularly of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Although none of the satellite missions were intended to be used for measurement of volcanic gas emission, specially adapted algorithms have produced time-averaged global emission budgets. These have confirmed that tropospheric plumes, produced from persistent degassing of weak sources, dominate the total emission of volcanic SO2. Although space-based observations have provided this global insight into some aspects of Earth's volcanism, it still has important limitations. The magnitude and short-term variability of lower-atmosphere emissions, historically less accessible from space, remain largely uncertain. Operational monitoring of volcanic plumes, at scales relevant for adequate surveillance, has been facilitated through the use of ground-based scanning differential optical absorption spectrometer (ScanDOAS) instruments since the beginning of this century, largely due to the coordinated effort of the Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC). In this study, we present a compilation of results of homogenized post-analysis of measurements of SO2 flux and plume parameters obtained during the period March 2005 to January 2017 of 32 volcanoes in NOVAC. This inventory opens a window into the short-term emission patterns of a diverse set of volcanoes in terms of magma composition, geographical location, magnitude of emission, and style of eruptive activity. We find that passive volcanic degassing is by no means a stationary process in time and that large sub-daily variability is observed in the flux of volcanic gases, which has implications for emission budgets produced using short-term, sporadic observations. The use of a standard evaluation method allows for intercomparison between different volcanoes and between ground- and space-based measurements of the same volcanoes. The emission of several weakly degassing volcanoes, undetected by satellites, is presented for the first time. We also compare our results with those reported in the literature, providing ranges of variability in emission not accessible in the past. The open-access data repository introduced in this article will enable further exploitation of this unique dataset, with a focus on volcanological research, risk assessment, satellite-sensor validation, and improved quantification of the prevalent tropospheric component of global volcanic emission.
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus","doi":"10.5194/essd-13-1167-2021","usgsCitation":"Arellano, S., Galle, B., Apaza, F., Avard, G., Barrington, C., Bobrowski, N., Bucarey, C., Burbano, V., Burton, M., Chacon, Z., Chigna, G., Clarito, C.J., Conde, V., Costa, F., de Moor, M., Delgado-Granados, H., Di Muro, A., Fernandez, D., Garzon, G., Gunawan, H., Haerani, N., Hansteen, T., Hidalgo, S., Inguaggiato, S., Johansson, M., Kern, C., Kihlman, M., Kowalski, P., Masias, P., Montalvo, F., Moller, J., Platt, U., Rivera, C., Saballos, A., Salerno, G., Taisne, B., Vasconez, F., Velazquez, G., Vita, F., and Yalire, M.M., 2021, Synoptic analysis of a decade of daily measurements of SO2 emission in the troposphere from volcanoes of the global ground-based Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change: Earth System Science Data, v. 13, p. 1167-1188, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1167-2021.","productDescription":"22 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Bo","contributorId":255645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galle","given":"Bo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51629,"text":"Chalmers University, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Apaza, Fredy","contributorId":190927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Apaza","given":"Fredy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Avard, Geoffroy","contributorId":173679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avard","given":"Geoffroy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27271,"text":"Observatorio Volcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barrington, Charlotte","contributorId":205722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrington","given":"Charlotte","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37155,"text":"Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bobrowski, Nicole","contributorId":255646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bobrowski","given":"Nicole","affiliations":[{"id":51631,"text":"University of Heidelberg, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bucarey, Claudia","contributorId":255648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bucarey","given":"Claudia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27236,"text":"SERNAGEOMIN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Burbano, 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scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-03T12:04:46.65208","indexId":"70231198","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-22T07:02:47","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macrogenetic studies must not ignore limitations of genetic markers and scale","docAbstract":"Millette et al. (Ecology Letters, 2020, 23:55–67) reported no consistent worldwide anthropogenic effects on animal genetic diversity using repurposed mitochondrial DNA sequences. We reexamine data from this study, describe genetic marker and scale limitations which might lead to misinterpretations with conservation implications, and provide advice to improve future macrogenetic studies.
Elevation is a major driver of plant ecology and sediment dynamics in tidal wetlands, so accurate and precise spatial data are essential for assessing wetland vulnerability to sea-level rise and making forecasts. We performed survey-grade elevation and vegetation surveys of the Global Change Research Wetland, a brackish microtidal wetland in the Chesapeake Bay estuary, Maryland (USA), to both intercompare unbiased digital elevation model (DEM) creation techniques and to describe niche partitioning of several common tidal wetland plant species. We identified a tradeoff between scalability and performance in creating unbiased DEMs, with more data-intensive methods such as kriging performing better than 3 more scalable methods involving post-processing of light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-based DEMs. The LiDAR Elevation Correction with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (LEAN) method provided a compromise between scalability and performance, although it underpredicted variability in elevation. In areas where native plants dominated, the sedge Schoenoplectus americanus occupied more frequently flooded areas (median: 0.22, 95% range: 0.09 to 0.31 m relative to North America Vertical Datum of 1988 [NAVD88]) and the grass Spartina patens, less frequently flooded (0.27, 0.1 to 0.35 m NAVD88). Non-native Phragmites australis dominated at lower elevations more than the native graminoids, but had a wide flooding tolerance, encompassing both their ranges (0.19, -0.05 to 0.36 m NAVD88). The native shrub Iva frutescens also dominated at lower elevations (0.20, 0.04 to 0.30 m NAVD88), despite being previously described as a high marsh species. These analyses not only provide valuable context for the temporally rich but spatially restricted data collected at a single well-studied site, but also provide broad insight into mapping techniques and species zonation.
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\"}}]}","volume":"666","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmquist, James R.","contributorId":272628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmquist","given":"James R.","affiliations":[{"id":13510,"text":"Smithsonian Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schile-Beers, Lisa","contributorId":269354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schile-Beers","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55938,"text":"Silvestrum Climate Associates, San Francisco, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buffington, Kevin J. 0000-0001-9741-1241 kbuffington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-1241","contributorId":4775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"Kevin","email":"kbuffington@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Meng","contributorId":303280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Meng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65746,"text":"Yunnan University, Kunming, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mozdzer, Thomas J","contributorId":303281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mozdzer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":65747,"text":"Bryn Mawr College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Riera, Jefferson","contributorId":303282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riera","given":"Jefferson","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36717,"text":"Johns Hopkins University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weller, Donald E.","contributorId":199780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weller","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williams, Meghan","contributorId":303283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Meghan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13510,"text":"Smithsonian Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Megonigal, J Patrick","contributorId":228820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Megonigal","given":"J Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":41515,"text":"Smithsonian Env Res Ctr","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70219519,"text":"70219519 - 2021 - A roadmap for sampling and scaling biological nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T18:00:05.022669","indexId":"70219519","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-21T08:48:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A roadmap for sampling and scaling biological nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems","docAbstract":"Increased fire frequency in semi-arid ecosystems can alter biochemical soil properties and soil processes that underpin ecosystem structure and functioning, thus threatening native plant communities and the species that rely on them. However, there is much uncertainty about the magnitude of change as soils are exposed to more fires, because soil recovery and changes in fire severity following a first fire mediate the impact of successive fires on soil properties. With this study we aim to evaluate how increased fire frequency affects soil biochemical properties (i.e. soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil structure and mineral N) and processes (i.e. microbial and enzymatic activity) in a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem located in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion, Washington, USA. During 2016, we collected soils from once (2012), twice (2003 and 2012), and thrice (2003, 2007, and 2012) burned areas, enabling us to test the hypothesis that increasing fire frequency will exacerbate the impact of fire on soil properties and processes. Our study yielded three main results: (1) fire reduced the total soil C concentration and soil C in aggregates relative to unburned soil, but only when soil was exposed to fire once (i.e. the most recent fire), (2) compared to the unburned soils, SOM contents, enzyme activity and microbial CO2 respiration were suppressed in the once and thrice burned soils, but not in the twice burned soils, and (3) fire increased NO3−-N contents across the once and twice burned sites, and reduced enzyme activity associated with N cycling in the thrice burned sites. Taken together, our findings suggest that a one-time fire in this shrub dominated semi-arid ecosystem significantly changes soil biochemical attributes and microbially driven processes. With sufficient time between fires, these structural and functional properties can partially recover, and this may persist even after a second fire, but recovery is limited when a third fire creates an additional disturbance at a shorter time interval. Furthermore, while soil C pools and microbial decomposition processes were able to recover with sufficient time, greater soil resource availability prevailed in soil across all fire frequencies, indicating that fire is likely to promote invasion and reduce ecosystem stability, even when other soil properties recover.
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data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-29T12:25:14.233179","indexId":"70224589","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-21T07:21:40","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SFRmaker and Linesink-Maker: Rapid construction of streamflow routing networks from hydrography data","docAbstract":"Groundwater models have evolved to encompass more aspects of the water cycle, but the incorporation of realistic boundary conditions representing surface water remains time-consuming and error-prone. We present two Python packages that robustly automate this process using readily available hydrography data as the primary input. SFRmaker creates input for the MODFLOW SFR package, while Linesink-maker creates linesink string input for the GFLOW analytic element program. These programs can reduce weeks or even months of manual effort to a few minutes of execution time, and carry the added advantages of reduced potential for error, improved reproducibility and facilitation of step-wise modeling through reduced dependency on a particular conceptual model or discretization. Two real-world examples at the county to multi-state scales are presented.
The sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, is a destructive invader in the Laurentian Great Lakes that relies on several complex chemical cues to complete their life cycle. The central roles of chemical cues in sea lamprey reproduction provide opportunities to leverage knowledge of sea lamprey chemical ecology when developing alternative or supplemental strategies for sea lamprey control. A solid foundation has been laid regarding sea lamprey chemical ecology, with recent advances in our understanding of the migratory pheromone, male sex pheromone, and alarm cues broadening our fundamental understanding of the diversity, complexity, and evolution of chemical cues used by sea lamprey. Additionally, research applying semiochemicals in differing management scenarios has provided useful insights into the challenges of incorporating chemical cues into the sea lamprey control program. Here, we synthesize new findings related to fundamental research of chemosensory cues along with knowledge learned from management-based tests and explore options for integrating an understanding of chemical ecology into sea lamprey control in light of new knowledge. We also highlight current unknowns and future research needs that should be addressed prior to implementation of sea lamprey chemical ecology into the sea lamprey control program.
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John","contributorId":192316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buchinger","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, C. Michael","contributorId":173006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"C. Michael","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, Anne M","contributorId":264137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Anne M","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":126748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70223227,"text":"70223227 - 2021 - Coflowering invasive plants and a congener have neutral effects on fitness components of a rare endemic plant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-18T12:40:16.346666","indexId":"70223227","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-20T07:37:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coflowering invasive plants and a congener have neutral effects on fitness components of a rare endemic plant","docAbstract":"Network analyses rarely include fitness components, such as germination, to tie invasive plants to population-level effects on the natives. We address this limitation in a previously studied network of flower visitors around a suite of native and invasive plants that includes an endemic plant at Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. Eriogonum visheri coflowers with two abundant invasive plants, Salsola tragus and Melilotus officinalis, as well as a common congener, E. pauciflorum. Network analyses had suggested strong linkages between E. visheri and S. tragus and E. pauciflorum, with a weaker link to M. officinalis. We measured visitation, pollen deposited on stigmas, achene weight and germination over three field seasons (two for germination) in four populations (two in the final season) of E. visheri and applied in situ pollen treatments to E. visheri, adding pollen from other flowers on the same plant; flowers on other E. visheri plants; S. tragus, M. officinalis, or E. pauciflorum; open pollination; or excluding pollinators. Insect visitation to E. visheri was not affected by floral abundance of any of the focal species. Most visitors were halictid bees; one of these (Lasioglossum packeri) was the only identified species to visit E. visheri all three years. Ninety-seven percent of pollen on collected E. visheri stigmas was conspecific, but 22% of flowers had >1 grain of E. pauciflorum pollen on stigmas and 7% had >1 grain of S. tragus pollen; <1% of flowers had M. officinalis pollen on stigmas. None of the pollen treatments produced significant differences in weight or germination of E. visheri achenes. We conclude that, in contrast to the results of the network analysis, neither of the invasive species poses a threat, via heterospecific pollen deposition, to pollination of the endemic E. visheri, and that its congener provides alternative pollen resources to its pollinators.
Top-down and bottom-up factors affecting invasive populations are rarely considered simultaneously, yet their interactive responses to disturbances and management interventions can be essential to understanding invasion patterns. We evaluated post-fire responses of the exotic perennial forb Chondrilla juncea (rush skeletonweed) and its biocontrol agents to landscape factors and a post-fire combined herbicide (imazapic) and bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens strain MB906) treatment that targeted invasive annual grasses in a sagebrush steppe ecosystem. Biocontrol agents released against C. juncea in previous decades included Cystiphora schmidti (gall midge), Aceria chondrillae (gall mite), and Puccinia chondrillina (rust fungus). C. juncea abundance was greater in sprayed than unsprayed plots, and where soils were coarser, slopes faced southwest, solar heat loads and topographic water accumulation were greater, and cover of deep-rooted native perennials was lower. Mite infestation was greater in unsprayed plots, midge infestation was greater at higher elevations on steeper slopes, and midges were more abundant while rust was less abundant on gravelly soils. Biocontrol infestation levels varied considerably between years and could not be predicted in 2019 from 2018 infestation levels. Multiple biocontrol species were often present at the same plots but were rarely present on the same C. juncea individuals. These results suggest that spatial patterns of invasion by C. juncea are related to deep-soil water availability, warmer conditions, and alleviation of competition. Treatments designed to reduce invasive annual grasses may inadvertently release C. juncea by both reducing plant competition for soil resources and affecting biocontrol agent (mite) abundance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-021-02481-z","usgsCitation":"Lazarus, B., and Germino, M., 2021, Post-fire management targeting invasive annual grasses may have inadvertently released the exotic perennial forb Chondrilla juncea and suppressed its biocontrol agent: Biological Invasions, v. 23, p. 1915-1932, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02481-z.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1915","endPage":"1932","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-120244","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QFBHZ3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Post-fire Chondrilla juncea and biocontrol at Boise River Wildlife Management Area 2018-2019"},{"id":384752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Boise","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -115.48828125000001,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -115.48828125000001,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 43.51668853502906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lazarus, Brynne E. 0000-0002-6352-486X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-486X","contributorId":242732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazarus","given":"Brynne E.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":251901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70146231,"text":"sir20135225 - 2021 - Simulation of groundwater flow in the aquifer system of the Anacostia River and surrounding watersheds, Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T11:45:33.624013","indexId":"sir20135225","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-19T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5225","displayTitle":"Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Aquifer System of the Anacostia River and Surrounding Watersheds, Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow in the aquifer system of the Anacostia River and surrounding watersheds, Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the District Department of Energy & Environment, Water Quality Division, is investigating the hydrogeology of the tidal Anacostia River watershed within Washington, D.C., with the goal of improving understanding of the groundwater-flow system and the interaction of groundwater and surface water in the watershed. To help meet this goal, a three-dimensional steady-state groundwater-flow model for the Anacostia River and surrounding watersheds in Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia was constructed. The goal of the modeling study was to quantify the rate and pattern of groundwater flow to the tidal Anacostia River. The model domain includes weathered and unweathered rocks of the Piedmont Physiographic Province and the southeast-dipping sediments of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. The model includes processes of recharge, evapotranspiration, withdrawals from wells, and base flow to streams, rivers, and tidal waters. Final model calibration was achieved by using the objective parameter estimation and sensitivity analysis capabilities of UCODE_2005. Simulated gradients in the surficial aquifer in the vicinity of the tidal Anacostia River indicate that flow is predominantly toward the river, with changes in the magnitude and direction of the gradients from the northeast, where the Anacostia River enters Washington, D.C., to the southwest, toward the confluence with the tidal Potomac River. Flow paths to the tidal Anacostia River from the north are largely horizontal through the surficial aquifer and Patuxent aquifer. From the south, the flow paths toward the river originate in the elevated topographic areas southeast of the river and pass through the surficial aquifer and Patapsco confining unit, lower Patapsco aquifer/Arundel Clay, and to some extent, the Patuxent aquifer. Groundwater-flow rates to and from the tidal rivers (Potomac and Anacostia) are generally greatest near the land-water boundary, where the gradient in the water table is greatest, and diminish toward the middle of the tidal river channels. The tidal rivers are predominantly areas of groundwater discharge, although there are areas where tidal waters are recharging the subsurface, typically where small variations or depressions in the topography produce small locally reversed gradients in the water table. Substantial recharge of tidal waters to the groundwater system is observed for the tidal Potomac where the upper Patapsco aquifer subcrops south of Washington, D.C. Water budget calculations indicate that inflows to the groundwater system beneath the tidal Anacostia River are predominantly from the land area of Washington, D.C., followed by tidal surface water and flows from lower layers. Outflows are largely to the tidal Anacostia River, with a smaller part going to the land area underlying Washington, D.C.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135225","usgsCitation":"Raffensperger, J.P., Voronin, L.M., and Dieter, C.A., 2021, Simulation of groundwater flow in the aquifer system of the Anacostia River and surrounding watersheds, Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5225, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135225.","productDescription":"vii, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051429","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5225/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":384506,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5225/sir20135225.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2013-5225"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Washington D.C.","otherGeospatial":"Anacostia River and surrounding watersheds","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.70355224609375,\n 38.89958342598271\n ],\n [\n -76.44287109375,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 39.14710270770074\n ],\n [\n -76.72027587890625,\n 39.715638134796336\n ],\n [\n -77.70355224609375,\n 38.89958342598271\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Catonsville, MD 21228
The U.S. Geological Survey monitors a suite of intertidal black abalone sites at San Nicolas Island, California, in cooperation with the U.S. Navy, which owns the island. The nine rocky intertidal sites were established in 1980 to study the potential impact of translocated sea otters on the intertidal black abalone population at the island. The sites were monitored from 1981 to 1997, usually annually or biennially. Monitoring resumed in 2001 and has been completed annually since then. At the time of this report, the work is conducted by the Western Ecological Research Center’s Santa Cruz Field Station, Santa Cruz, California. The study sites became particularly important, from a management perspective, after a virulent disease decimated black abalone populations throughout southern California beginning in the mid-1980s. The disease, withering syndrome, was first observed on San Nicolas Island in 1992 and during the next few years, it reduced the population there by more than 99 percent. The species was subsequently listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act in 2009.
The subject of this report is the 2020 monitoring cycle of the sites and how the current status fits into the long-term data at San Nicolas Island. Since 2001, the monitored population has increased twelvefold to approximately 9.6 percent of the pre-disease level. This increase has resulted from generally higher levels of recruitment than seen in the first two decades of monitoring, punctuated by a few unexplained high recruitment events. Most of the population growth has been at two of the nine sites (sites 7 and 8). This pattern continued in 2020, but with increasing numbers at all sites and the highest number of abalone counted and measured island-wide since 1993. Recruitment rates have fallen since a peak in 2017, but 2020 continued to show moderate levels of additional recruitment. The distance between adjacent black abalone has decreased substantially since it was first consistently measured in 2005, potentially indicating that the abalone are close enough to one another to reproduce successfully. Sand burial can have devastating localized consequences to black abalone, but there is evidence suggesting that they may be able to escape periodic sand inundation if suitable refugia exist. These data suggest that monitoring can inform adaptive management of the resource by base resource managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211023","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Kenner, M.C., 2021, Black abalone surveys at Naval Base Ventura County, San Nicolas Island, California—2020, annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1023, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211023.","productDescription":"vii, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125069","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1023/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":384508,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1023/ofr20211023.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384509,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1023/ofr20211023.xml"},{"id":384510,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1023/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Nicolas Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.59442138671875,\n 33.20996748987798\n ],\n [\n -119.42928314208984,\n 33.20996748987798\n ],\n [\n -119.42928314208984,\n 33.28806392819752\n ],\n [\n -119.59442138671875,\n 33.28806392819752\n ],\n [\n -119.59442138671875,\n 33.20996748987798\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
With declining capture fisheries production, maintaining nutrient supplies largely hinges on substituting wild fish with economically comparable farmed animals. Although such transitions are increasingly commonplace across global inland and coastal communities, their nutritional consequences are unknown. Here, using human demographic and health information, and fish nutrient composition data from the Peruvian Amazon, we show that substituting wild inland fisheries with chicken and aquaculture has the potential to exacerbate iron deficiencies and limit essential fatty acid supplies in a region already experiencing high prevalence of anaemia and malnutrition. Substituting wild fish with chicken, however, can increase zinc and protein supplies. Chicken and aquaculture production also increase greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural land use and eutrophication. Thus, policies that enable access to wild fisheries and their sustainable management while improving the quality, diversity and environmental impacts of farmed species will be instrumental in ensuring healthy and sustainable food systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/s43016-021-00242-8","usgsCitation":"Heilpern, S., Fiorella, K., Canas, C., Flecker, A., Moya, L., Naeem, S., Sethi, S., Uriarte, M., and DeFries, R., 2021, Substitution of inland fisheries with aquaculture and chicken undermines human nutrition in the Peruvian Amazon: Nature Food, v. 2, p. 192-197, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00242-8.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"197","ipdsId":"IP-121798","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Peru","otherGeospatial":"Peruvian Amazon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.53125,\n -8.363692651835823\n ],\n [\n -73.212890625,\n -4.915832801313164\n ],\n [\n -70.927734375,\n -4.083452772038619\n ],\n [\n -70.8837890625,\n -2.85526278436657\n ],\n [\n -74.794921875,\n -0.8349313860427057\n ],\n [\n -77.51953125,\n -0.08789059053082422\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n -2.8991526985043006\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n -5.703447982149503\n ],\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n -8.102738577783168\n ],\n [\n -74.53125,\n -8.363692651835823\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilpern, Sebastian A.","contributorId":287013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heilpern","given":"Sebastian A.","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fiorella, Kathryn","contributorId":287014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fiorella","given":"Kathryn","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Canas, Carlos","contributorId":287015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canas","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34928,"text":"Independent Researcher","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flecker, Alexander S.","contributorId":287016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flecker","given":"Alexander S.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moya, Luis","contributorId":287017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moya","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13272,"text":"Wildlife Conservation Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Naeem, Shahid","contributorId":287018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naeem","given":"Shahid","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sethi, Suresh 0000-0002-0053-1827 ssethi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-1827","contributorId":191424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sethi","given":"Suresh","email":"ssethi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Uriarte, Maria","contributorId":287019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uriarte","given":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"DeFries, Ruth","contributorId":287020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeFries","given":"Ruth","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ]}